Make Video Calls Research Articles

"More Than Just Holding the iPad": Family Members' Perspectives on the Work of Video Calling in Aged Care

Video calls are increasingly being adopted to enable older adults living in long-term residential care (aged care homes) to remain socially connected with friends and family. However, care home residents often require extensive support to participate effectively in video calls. Despite growing interest in examining the work involved in facilitating technology use in care homes, the role of caregivers---comprising family members and staff---in facilitating video calls has received limited attention. Drawing on data from a study of family members' experiences in Australia, we analysed the essential work activities required to make video calls function in residential aged care. We show how video calling is underpinned by the development of relationships between families and staff, and how video calling requires considerable work in preparation, facilitation, and troubleshooting. We discuss how video calling systems for care homes might be designed to alleviate unwanted work, lowering the burden of call participation for residents, families, and care staff.

Technology for helping people with neuromotor, intellectual, and speech disabilities engage in leisure and communication activities: a proof-of-concept study.

We extended the assessment of our recently developed technology to help people with neuromotor, intellectual, and speech disabilities access (listen to) music, communicate with distant partners, and answer questions. The technology included a tablet (1) fitted with an Internet connection, a SIM card, WhatsApp Messenger, and MacroDroid application, and (2) interfaced with different pairs of response sensors. Six participants were included in the study, which was carried out according to a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across participants. During the baseline phase (5-8 sessions carried out over 1-2 weeks), participants were unable to access music, make video calls, or answer questions using a regular tablet. During the intervention phase (50-102 sessions carried out with the technology over 2-4 months), however, they activated means of 4.7-7.6 songs and 0.4-3.6 video calls per session. Moreover, they answered correctly a mean of 69-96% of the questions presented to them. These results suggest that our technology solution is a viable and potentially valuable resource for people with extensive disabilities.

Virtual Communication Competencies for Effective Virtual Pedagogy in Basic Electricity

This study was carried out to investigate virtual communication competencies required for effective online pedagogy in Basic Electricity. Basic Electricity teachers in Anambra State are expected to possess competencies that would enable them to understand the category of students in their virtual class, choose the right channel best suitable to communicate to the class, and seek out for the most suitable feedback channel within a defined time frame. Hence the need to identify the specific areas in virtual communication that Basic Electricity teachers need skills upgrade to enhance their effectiveness in implementation of virtual pedagogy. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The study was guided by a research question and one hypothesis. A five-point scale structured questionnaire was used in data collections. This was validated by three experts and the reliability established using Cronbach Alpha Reliability technique which yielded reliability coefficient of 0.86. The research question was answered using mean while statistical t-test was used to establish the significance or otherwise of the hypothesis. The findings of the study revealed that ability to speak fluently online using voice compliant platforms, ability to lead discussion online, ability to make learning interactive online, ability to make video calls, among others are the competencies upgrade needs of the teachers. Location was not found to be a determinant factor in the skills upgrade need. Thus, self-development, in-house training, reflective practices, peer review, education, and training related courses as well as standardization meeting for the Basic Electricity teacher was recommended.

MEMBUJUK ANAK UNTUK MELAKUKAN VIDEO CALL SEX MELALUI SOSIAL MEDIA (PUTUSAN NOMOR 392/PID.SUS/2021/PN.JKTSEL)

Based on Decision Number 392/Pid.Sus/2021/PN Jkt, the Defendant's cell, Wawan Gunawan, requested the victim's WhatsApp number through the Hago application and persuaded the victim, who was underage, to video call sex. Based on this, is the defendant's actions in persuading children to video call sex through social media in accordance with Article 27 paragraph (1) of the ITE Law and what are the aggravating elements in the crime of persuading children to video call sex through social media. The type of research used is normative juridical, which is descriptive analytical and uses secondary data through library research. Furthermore, secondary data were analyzed qualitatively and conclusions were drawn using deductive methods. The results of this study show that the Defendant's actions in persuading children to make video calls sex through social media are in accordance with Article 27 Paragraph (1) of the ITE Law, but it is not appropriate if the sentence is only 2 years because the Defendant's actions should be more appropriate to be subject to Article 27 paragraph (1) jo Article 45 paragraph (1) jo Article 52 paragraph (1) with a sentence of 8 years in prison, because the Defendant committed a crime against a minor.

Evaluation of education and counseling using social media tools after discharge in women who underwent episiotomy

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of post-discharge education and counseling using social media tools on wound healing, pain status, and care and practices for women with episiotomy. The study was conducted experimentally with 60 women (30 experimental, 30 control) who had vaginal delivery with episiotomy in a public hospital in Istanbul. Data were collected using a data entry form and evaluations on the REEDA (Redness, Edema, Ecchymosis, Discharge, Approximation) scale, VAS (Visual Analogue Scale), and Diagnostic Form for Episiotomy Care and challenges. In our study, training and counseling were given to the experimental group by making video calls via social media on the 3rd, 5th, 7th, and 14th postnatal days (PP), and the results were evaluated without any training to the control group. SPSS program was used for data analysis. There was no difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of demographic and obstetric data. It was determined that the total scores of the experimental group on the REEDA scale on the 7th postnatal day (x¯ =2.167 ± 0.747) were statistically significantly lower than the total scores of the control group on the REEDA scale on 7th postnatal day (x¯ =3.100 ± 0.923) (p = 0.000 > 0.05). It was determined that the total scores of the experimental group on REEDA scale on the 14th postnatal day (x¯ =0.200 ± 0.407) were also statistically significantly lower than the total scores of the control group on REEDA scale on the 14th postnatal day. (x¯ =1.333 ± 0.844) (p = 0.000 > 0.05). The VAS DS scores of the experimental group on 3rd (x¯ =4.733 ± 0.907) and the 5th (x¯ =3.267 ± 0.691) postnatal day were statistically significantly lower than the VAS DS scores of the control group on 3rd (x¯ =5.267 ± 0.944) and 5th (x¯ =3.933 ± 0.944) (p = 0.003 > 0.05) postnatal day. In the light of this information, it was found that scores on REEDA scale were lower and pain experiences were significantly less in the group that received education and counseling with social media tools after discharge in women who underwent episiotomy.

Prevalence of distracted driving by driver characteristics in the United States

Introduction: Distracted driving is a long-standing traffic safety concern, though common secondary tasks continually evolve. The goal of this study was to measure the prevalence of self-reported distracted driving behaviors, including activities made possible in recent years by smartphones. Methods: We conducted a nationwide survey of 2,013 U.S. licensed drivers (ages 16 +). We created four aggregate distraction categories from 18 individual secondary tasks to estimate the proportion of drivers study-wide and by demographic characteristics belonging to each category, defined as those who regularly did (during most or all drives in the previous 30 days) one or more secondary task within each category. Logistic regression estimated the adjusted odds of drivers belonging to each aggregate distraction category by demographic characteristics. Results: Sixty-five percent of drivers reported doing at least one of the 18 secondary tasks regularly, and half did at least one device-based task regularly in the past 30 days. Non-device task prevalence trended downward with age, while device-based task prevalence was consistent among younger drivers before declining beginning with age 35. Males (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.16, 2.02), parents of children ages 18 and younger (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.10, 1.96), and participants who drive in the gig economy (OR, 3.85; 95% CI, 2.73, 5.43) had higher adjusted odds of engaging in “modern” device-based distractions enabled by smartphones (e.g., making video calls, watching videos, using social media) than other drivers. Many drivers are using hands-free capabilities when available for tasks, but for some tasks more than others. Conclusions: Regular distracted driving is widespread with most behavior concentrated among drivers younger than age 50, though no age group or other demographic studied abstains. Practical Applications: Stakeholders can use these findings to develop countermeasures for distracted driving by targeting specific secondary tasks and the demographics most likely to report regularly doing them.

P159 A HOSPITAL ON A HUMAN SCALE: THE VIRTUAL HOSPITAL PROJECT

Abstract Person–centered care relies on collaboration between professionals, patients and their families to ensure that patients have the education and support they need to make decisions and be active participants in the diagnosis process and care. Designing healthcare around patients‘ preferences and needs can improve patient satisfaction and also prognosis. The Virtual Hospital project developed at the Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio pursues the goal of person–centered care through an innovative approach. The project also aims to use some of the same tools developed for patients to improve the psycho–physical well–being of healthcare personnel. The project involves the creation of an app for Android devices that provides access to information material relating to the care pathway, the system for making video calls, cultural content or for relaxation and information on the facility. The interface, which was designed to be easily usable even by elderly subjects, currently contains the following icons: "My heart", "My breath", "My path", "My exams", " Video calls”, “My diary”, “Music”, “Visit museums”, “My hospital”. The Virtual Hospital project also envisages the creation of contents relating to pulmonary, cardiac surgery, pediatric cardiological pathologies, the development of applications for visors (“oculus”) and the creation of a Tranquility room, a space where healthcare personnel can regenerate, reduce stress and find greater fulfillment in their work, improving the quality of care provided to the patient.

Are smart glasses feasible for dispatch prehospital assistance during on-boat cardiac arrest? A pilot simulation study with fishermen.

The aim of the study was to explore feasibility of basic life support (BLS) guided through smart glasses (SGs) when assisting fishermen bystanders. Twelve participants assisted a simulated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest on a fishing boat assisted by the dispatcher through the SGs. The SGs were connected to make video calls. Feasibility was assessed whether or not they needed help from the dispatcher. BLS-AED steps, time to first shock/compression, and CPR's quality (hands-only) during 2 consecutive minutes (1st minute without dispatcher feedback, 2nd with dispatcher feedback) were analyzed. Reliability was analyzed by comparing the assessment of variables performed by the dispatcher through SGs with those registered by an on-scene instructor. Assistance through SGs was needed in 72% of the BLS steps, which enabled all participants to perform the ABC approach and use AED correctly. Feasibility was proven that dispatcher's feedback through SGs helped to improve bystanders' performance, as after dispatcher gave feedback via SGs, only 3% of skills were incorrect. Comparison of on-scene instructor vs. SGs assessment by dispatcher differ in 8% of the analyzed skills: greatest difference in the "incorrect hand position during CPR" (on-scene: 33% vs. dispatcher: 0%). When comparing the 1st minute with 2nd minute, there were only significant differences in the percentage of compressions with correct depth (1st:48 ± 42%, 2nd:70 ± 31, p = 0.02). Using SGs in aquatic settings is feasible and improves BLS. CPR quality markers were similar with and without SG. These devices have great potential for communication between dispatchers and laypersons but need more development to be used in real emergencies.

Sexting prevalence in high-school students depends on the addressee, media format, explicitness of sexts, and gender

ABSTRACT This study aims to contribute to the current literature on adolescent sexting prevalence by reporting an accurate description and characterisation of participants based on the adolescent sexting scale A-SextS as a standardised measurement instrument. The study includes a convenience sample of 579 Spanish secondary students (52.7% boys; interquartile range 13–15 years). Participants were asked about five active sexting behaviours (sending sexts; making voice calls with sexual content; making video calls with sexual content; posting sexual content on the internet or social media networks; live-streaming video of sexual content on the internet or social media networks) with an amorous or sexual purpose, during the month prior to the survey, distinguishing between three possible addressees (boyfriend/girlfriend; someone known in person; someone known only on the internet), three media formats (text messages; images or videos; and audio messages), and three levels of sexual explicitness (nude; in underwear; and dressed but in a sexy pose). Both the proportion of students reporting to have partaken in all individual sexting behaviours and the number of times they did so in the study timeframe were higher when the addressee was reported as their romantic partner. Approximately half of the participants reported having engaged in sexting with a partner or with someone they knew in person, whereas a fifth sexted with someone they only knew online. Additionally, a third of adolescents posted some sort of sext, and a tenth presented themselves in a live-stream. The exchange of nude sexts was less prevalent than those depicting the subject in underwear or rather dressed and in a sexy pose. Girls posted significantly more images or videos both in underwear and dressed and in a sexy pose than boys, and girls also made more video calls with sexual content in response to a request from someone they knew in person than boys.

The influence of practice contexts on L2 learners’ compliment responses: telecollaborative video-based practice versus face-to-face practice

The role of practice has been largely overlooked in second/foreign (L2) pragmatics research. Furthermore, very few studies have directly compared the effects of different practice contexts (e.g. practice in a telecollaborative context versus practice in a face-to-face context) on L2 learners’ pragmatic competence (e.g. in compliment responses [CRs]). Adopting the Skill Acquisition Theory (DeKeyser, 2015), the current study is the first to compare the influence of telecollaborative video-based practice and traditional face-to-face practice on L2 learners’ pragmatic competence in CRs. Sixty-five third-year college students from a university in China received instruction on CRs. After the instruction, they were randomly assigned to a telecollaborative video-based group or a face-to-face group. Thirty-three learners participated in three-week video-based telecollaboration with first language (L1) speakers of English via WeChat (a multi-purpose application including making video calls), whereas 32 students engaged in three-week face-to-face communication with the L1 speakers of English in a classroom. The results from multi-modal discourse completion tasks on the immediate and delayed post-tests revealed that the telecollaborative video-based group outperformed the face-to-face group in pragmalinguistic accuracy, fluency, and diversity of CR strategies, demonstrating a facilitative and long-term influence of telecollaborative video-based practice on L2 pragmatic development. Pedagogical implications for L2 instructors are discussed (e.g. incorporating deliberate, authentic, and engaging telecollaborative activities into curricula).

Peculiarities of children’s leisure and friendship during the pandemic period in Ukraine

Nowadays the topic of children’s daily practices is attracting more and more researchers. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected those practices on an unprecedented scale. It has changed approaches to learning, children’s interaction with the environment, and relationships with adults and peers. The measures developed by governments to prevent the spread of the disease have created new challenges not only for the economy, business, or education but also for socialization. The article discusses some of the findings of the study on Ukrainian children “The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children’s everyday practices.”In this study, we combined both qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate the impact of forced social constraints on the self-organization of leisure and friendship.We discovered that among the most common ways to organize leisure for Ukrainian children aged 9–16 there are not only computer games, online communication, and movies, but also reading, drawing, sports, and other various hobbies.We also found out that children’s digital interests depend on their age. The youngest (9–11 y.o.), when restricted from physical playing with peers, tend to play digital games and communicate in small chats of 2–3 persons. Children from the middle group (aged 12–14) are more likely to make video calls, as well as spend creative time on their favorite digital games. Older children spend much more time in big group chats and social networks, and they do produce original content.The main finding of that part of the research is that for children aged 9–16 live communication with friends is of great value and, in their opinion, it could not be replaced with online communication. Most Ukrainian children during COVID-19 lockdowns longed for live communication with friends, whether on the streets playing games, at school on breaks, or going out to cafes, etc. with friends.

Telepresence Robot Intervention to Reduce Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older Adults Living at Home (Project DOMIROB): Protocol for a Clinical Nonrandomized Study.

There is a growing prevalence of loneliness and social isolation among older adults (OAs). These problems are often associated with depressive states, cognitive decline, sleep disorders, addictions, and increased mortality. To limit loneliness and social isolation in OAs, some authors recommend the use of new communication technologies to maintain a social link with family members as well as with health and social care professionals. Among these communication tools, telepresence robots (TRs) seem to be a promising solution. These robots offer users the possibility of making video calls with their relatives, social workers, and health care professionals, to maintain social contact and access to support services while living at home. Nevertheless, TRs have been relatively unstudied in real-life environments. The main objective of this study is to measure the impact of a 12-week intervention using a TR on the feeling of loneliness and on social isolation of OAs living at home. Its secondary objective is to establish recommendations for the implementation of TRs in the studied context. A nonrandomized study will be conducted among 60 OAs living at home who will participate in the study for 24 weeks. During this period, they will host a TR for 12 weeks to use it in their home. After the end of the intervention a 12-week follow-up ensues. In total, 4 evaluations will be performed over the entire experimental phase for each participant at weeks 0, 6, 12, and 24. A multidimensional assessment of the impact of the robot will be performed using a multimethod approach including standardized scales and a semistructured interview. This assessment will also help to identify the ergonomic aspects that influence the robot's usability and acceptability among OAs. Data collection started in September 2020 and is expected to be completed in early 2023. In August 2022, 56 participants were recruited for the study. Data analysis will take place between August 2022 and is expected to be completed in early 2023. The DOMIROB study will provide new knowledge on the impact of social TRs in OAs living at home. The results will make it possible to suggest technological, ethical, and organizational recommendations for the use and implementation of TRs for OAs in real-life settings. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04767100; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04767100. DERR1-10.2196/40528.

Using Aspect-Level Sentiments for Calling App Recommendation with Hybrid Deep-Learning Models

The rapid and wide proliferation of mobile phones has led to accelerated demand for mobile applications (apps). Consequently, a large number of mobile apps have been developed and deployed on the Google and Apple Play stores. Calling apps hold special importance in this regard by offering the services of sharing messages, making video calls, and sending audio messages, free of cost. Although each app has its own set of features, different apps can provide higher levels of satisfaction for the user, and aspect analysis is often overlooked by existing studies. This study presents an aspect-level analysis of IMO, Skype, Telegram, WeChat, and WhatsApp regarding the services offered for the account, app, call, message, update, video, and working features. A large collected dataset from the Google Play store is utilized for aspect extraction and analysis using the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model. Apps are analyzed using LDA-extracted aspects and recommended regarding users’ priorities of call, message, and video requirements. Sentiment analysis is adopted to analyze user sentiments regarding apps as well as to aid in the aspect analysis. For sentiment analysis, a novel ensemble model of a gated recurrent unit and convolutional neural network is presented, which obtains a 94% accuracy score.

The end of life of patients with COVID-19 in intensive care unit and the stress level on their family members: A cross-sectional study.

BackgroundDuring the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, hospital visits were suspended and video calls were offered to connect patients with their family members, especially toward the end of life (EoL).AimThe primary aim was to describe EoL care for COVID‐19 patients dying in an intensive care unit (ICU). The secondary aim was to explore whether making video calls and allowing visits was associated with lower death‐related stress in family members.DesignSingle centre cross‐sectional study. The setting was the ICU of a COVID‐19 center in northern Italy, during the first year of the pandemic. Data on patients who died in the ICU were collected; death‐related stress on their family members was measured using the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (IES‐R). The statistical association was tested by means of logistic regression.ResultsThe study sample included 70 patients and 56 family members. All patients died with mechanical ventilation, hydration, nutrition, analgesia and sedation ongoing. Resuscitation procedures were performed in 5/70 patients (7.1%). Only 6/56 (10.7%) of the family members interviewed had visited their loved ones in the ICU and 28/56 (50%) had made a video call. EoL video calls were judged useful by 53/56 family members (94.6%) but all (56/56, 100%) wished they could have visited the patient. High‐stress levels were found in 38/56 family members (67.9%), regardless of whether they were allowed ICU access or made a video call. Compared with other degrees of kinship, patients' offspring were less likely to show a positive IES‐R score (odds ratio [OR] 0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.05 to 0.89).ConclusionsDuring the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic, patients died without their family members at the bedside while on life‐sustaining treatment. Stress levels were high in most family members, especially in patients' spouses. Video calls or ICU visits were judged favourably by family members but insufficient to alleviate death‐related stress.Relevance for Clinical PracticeDuring a pandemic, ICU access by patients' family members should be considered, particularly as the time of death approaches. Although generally appreciated by family members, EoL video calls should be arranged together with other measures to alleviate death‐related stress, especially for the patient's spouse.

Consumer workarounds during the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis and technology implications using the SAMR framework.

ObjectiveTo understand the nature of health consumer self-management workarounds during the COVID-19 pandemic; to classify these workarounds using the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, and Redefinition (SAMR) framework; and to see how digital tools had assisted these workarounds.Materials and MethodsWe assessed 15 self-managing elderly patients with Type 2 diabetes, multiple chronic comorbidities, and low digital literacy. Interviews were conducted during COVID-19 lockdowns in May–June 2020 and participants were asked about how their self-management had differed from before. Each instance of change in self-management were identified as consumer workarounds and were classified using the SAMR framework to assess the extent of change. We also identified instances where digital technology assisted with workarounds.ResultsConsumer workarounds in all SAMR levels were observed. Substitution, describing change in work quality or how basic information was communicated, was easy to make and involved digital tools that replaced face-to-face communications, such as the telephone. Augmentation, describing changes in task mechanisms that enhanced functional value, did not include any digital tools. Modification, which significantly altered task content and context, involved more complicated changes such as making video calls. Redefinition workarounds created tasks not previously required, such as using Google Home to remotely babysit grandchildren, had transformed daily routines.Discussion and ConclusionHealth consumer workarounds need further investigation as health consumers also use workarounds to bypass barriers during self-management. The SAMR framework had classified the health consumer workarounds during COVID, but the framework needs further refinement to include more aspects of workarounds.

Is an iPad Enough? Barriers to the Access of Video Telemedicine Services by Outpatient Limited English Proficiency (LEP) Geriatric Psychiatry Latinx Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

IntroductionThe Covid-19 pandemic has caused a massive shift from in-person healthcare delivery to telemedicine to protect patients and healthcare providers. Older adults are at an elevated risk of exposure and complications from this virus, making video visits an ideal and safer alternative to in-person care. Data from clinical encounters at our ambulatory Psychiatric clinic in Boston, Massachusetts, revealed that older Latinx patients, whose preferred language was Spanish, were more likely to make a phone visit rather than video visit, as compared to other subpopulations. This pilot study is based in administering a survey to older Latinx adults from our ambulatory psychiatric clinic.MethodsWe aimed to recruit 50 older Latinx adults age 60 years and older who identified Spanish as their preferred language and required the assistance of an interpreter for their medical appointments. These individuals were connecting via phone visits only and not video telemedicine. We developed a 33-question survey containing information on demographics, literacy, technology use, sensory functions, personal concerns and preferences about video visits. A Spanish medical interpreter administered the survey over the phone.ResultsCurrently 43 patients have been enrolled and 36 have completed the study, i.e., answered the survey. Preliminary descriptive data revealed a majority female group (85.7%), with median age of 67.5 years, mainly born and raised in the Caribbean. A minority of patients (2.9%) felt comfortable communicating in English. Less than 15% of our sample had more than high school level and most (95%) completed their studies outside of the United States. While 74.3 % of our sample could read ‘very well’ in Spanish, only 2.9 % could do so in English. Most of our sample was not working (91.4 %). Most of our population had internet (74.3%) and an electronic device with which to make video calls (80%). Notably 60% of our sample had an email address, however 85 % did not use it to communicate. Our patients could send/receive text messages from their cell phones in 77% of the cases, and 65.7 % had made video calls using mostly WhatsApp (42.9%), Zoom (14.3 %) and Facetime (14.3 %) as most common platforms. Most patients reported eyesight problems (20 % “a lot” and 71.4 % “Yes, a little bit”), some hearing problems (5.7% “a lot” and 25.7 “a little”) and over half (20% “a lot” and 37.1 “a little”) complained of subjective memory problems. Of our sample, 31.5 % reported worries about videocall appointments, mostly described as technical problems they could not solve (25.7 %), having no privacy (14.3 %) and appearance not being well groomed (11.4 %). One third of our group (31.4 %) reported having no one who could help them with internet/technology connection.ConclusionsBased on these preliminary data, connection to video telemedicine by geriatric low English-proficiency (LEP) patients is challenging when there is limited technology literacy, education and language limitations, sensory deficits, and direct personalized guidance and support. Sensory functions (vision and hearing) and memory difficulties can also affect our patient's ability to access technology for clinical care and should be considered. The implementation of direct supports, such as care navigators, technology educators and connection to other support systems in their preferred language may be necessary to improve their access to video telemedicine.This research was funded byBrigham and Women's Hospital Covid-19 Grant Funding (Institutional Funding)

Audibility emphasis of low-level sounds improves consonant identification while preserving vowel identification for cochlear implant users

Consonant perception is challenging for listeners with hearing loss, and transmission of speech over communication channels further deteriorates the acoustics of consonants. Part of the challenge arises from the short-term low energy spectro-temporal profile of consonants (for example, relative to vowels). We hypothesized that an audibility enhancement approach aimed at boosting the energy of low-level sounds would improve identification of consonants without diminishing vowel identification. We tested this hypothesis with 11 cochlear implant users, who completed an online listening experiment remotely using the media device and implant settings that they most commonly use when making video calls. Loudness growth and detection thresholds were measured for pure tone stimuli to characterize the relative loudness of test conditions. Consonant and vowel identification were measured in quiet and in speech-shaped noise for progressively difficult signal-to-noise ratios (+12, +6, 0, -6 dB SNR). These conditions were tested with and without an audibility-emphasis algorithm designed to enhance consonant identification at the source. The results show that the algorithm improves consonant identification in noise for cochlear implant users without diminishing vowel identification. We conclude that low-level emphasis of audio can improve speech recognition for cochlear implant users in the case of video calls or other telecommunications where the target speech can be preprocessed separately from environmental noise.

Social Media Phenomena with Negative Contents

Social media is very trending used among teenagers to communicate. The information contained is not only in a positive form but is conveyed also in negative forms such as sexual harassment. The study's problem is to find out why teens are sexually harassed through social media. The purpose of this study was to find out the forms of sexual abuse committed by adolescents and how to overcome them. Research methods are qualitatively descriptive with critical paradigms. The informant of this study is a teenagers as perpetrators and victims of sexual abuse. Data were collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The results of this study suggest that sexual harassment is highly likely to occur in public spaces, specifically through social media. Perpetrators are very easy to publish negative information with the aim of arousing martyrdom. Such information is like teasing the victim both in the comments field, sending negative images, and making video calls by showing physical forms that lead to pornographic elements. The occurrence of sexual harassment through social media certainly has an impact on high levels of fear and anxiety for victims. The recommendation in this study is that it is necessary to educate teenagers as the next generation of the nation to be smart in using social media with positive content.

Family E-Chat Group Use Was Associated with Family Wellbeing and Personal Happiness in Hong Kong Adults amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Instant messaging (IM) is increasingly used for family communication amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. However, evidence remains scarce on how family e-chat groups were used and their associations with family and individual wellbeing amidst the pandemic. The numbers of family e-chat groups, functions used, and messages sent and received daily in groups were reported by 4890 adults in May 2020, and their associations with family wellbeing and personal happiness and the mediation effect of family communication quality were examined. Results showed that sending/receiving text messages was most commonly used, followed by receiving/sending photos/pictures, making voice calls, receiving/sending short videos and voice messages, and making video calls. Women and older people used more non-text functions. Higher levels of family wellbeing and personal happiness were associated with having more groups, receiving/sending photos/pictures, video calls, more IM functions used, and more IM messages received/sent daily. Forty-six point two to seventy-five point five percent of their associations with more groups and more functions used were mediated by family communication quality. People having more family e-chat groups and using more IM functions may be more resilient amidst the pandemic, while those without or with low use of family e-chat groups amidst the pandemic would need more attention and assistance in the presence of social distancing.

PENGGUNAAN MEDIA ALTERNATIF (WHATSAPP) SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI SEKOLAH DASAR

The Covid-19 pandemic is increasing drastically every day. Its impact has made all aspects of people's lives change. One of them is in education. Therefore, the government implements distance or online learning, where children start learning from their respective homes without the need to go to school. In this case, schools, especially teachers, are required to try to create learning to keep it going even though they are not in direct school and choose the use of media or platforms used for online learning that are easy to use by students. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods, by collecting data through observation, interviews and documentation conducted at SD Negeri 15 Sragen. Researchers found that during online learning the teacher chose to use the platform WhatsApp. Students assess online learning using alternative media WhatsApp is very popular with students compared to using learning media or other platforms. Through the WhatsApp application the teacher can provide material in writing, orally, send videos, send YouTube links, and also teachers can make video calls when there are students who have difficulty understanding the lesson.