Makeup Products Research Articles

Phthalate Esters in Different Types of Cosmetic Products: A Five-Year Quality Control Survey.

Phthalate esters are commonly included in the formulations of cosmetics and related products in order to retain fragrance, enhance flexibility (i.e., by acting as plasticizers), facilitate the dissolution and dispersion of other ingredients, and improve the overall texture and sensory experience of the products. This study aimed to assess the presence and concentrations of phthalates in cosmetics by analyzing a comprehensive set of samples collected over a period of five years (2016-2020). The concentrations of nine different phthalate esters (BBP, DEHP, DNOP, DPP, DBP, DIPP, DMEP, DMP and PIPP) in 1110 cosmetics samples from France and Spain were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The samples were included in five categories: soaps and shampoos; hand and body creams; lip gloss and lipsticks; nail polish; and facial makeup and skincare products. Some of the samples (4.86%) contained at least one phthalate at concentrations above the threshold limit (1 µg mL-1). Variable concentrations of different phthalates were determined in the 54 positive samples identified. DEHP was the most frequently detected phthalate, followed by DBP. The findings revealed different profiles according to the different categories of cosmetics and the phthalates detected in each. The results were critically compared with those obtained in various previous studies.

Unlocking TikTok’s Formula: Video Length, Tags, and Beauty Content Success

With the rapid growth of TikTok in the digital era, beauty influencers have gained significant influence over consumer decisions, particularly through makeup product reviews. TikTok’s short and interactive content style has brought attention to how video characteristics such as length and the number of tags affect engagement metrics like views, likes, and comments. This research explores the impact of these factors using data analysis from a sample of 25 TikTok videos, where the average video length was 2 minutes and 20 seconds, and the top 25% of videos had lengths exceeding 3 minutes and 30 seconds. The findings reveal that longer videos tend to foster deeper engagement by providing more comprehensive reviews, with the top 25% of videos achieving 30% higher engagement than the average. Additionally, a higher number of tags significantly increases video reach. These insights are valuable for influencers and marketers looking to optimize their content strategies, particularly in the beauty industry, where maximizing audience engagement is crucial.

Research into intergenerational differences among Chinese female tourists consuming Thai cosmetics

Consumers, particularly women, pursue beauty and health in order to uphold their image within society, which has contributed to consistent demand for cosmetics. The cosmetics market, driven by globalization and cultural exchange, sees Thai cosmetics gaining popularity among Chinese women. There has been a significant rise in the popularity of Thai cosmetics, known for their natural ingredients and innovative formulations. With a growing interest in cross-cultural consumer behaviour, particularly in the context of skincare and make-up products, understanding how different age groups perceive and choose Thai cosmetics is crucial for effective marketing strategies. The main issue is the development of consumer preferences over time among Chinese women who have only recently been given the opportunity to choose among many brands. This qualitative study explores the intergenerational differences in Chinese female consumers’ preferences for Thai cosmetics, aiming to uncover rich insights into their perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours. The target population is female Chinese who have visited Thailand and purchased or used Thai-branded cosmetics. Key themes emerge regarding the perception of product efficacy, the cultural authenticity and the role of digital media and trends in influencing product choices. Findings highlight nuanced generational preferences, with older cohorts emphasizing trust and familiarity with established brands, while younger cohorts prioritize innovation, sustainability, and personalized beauty experiences. These insights provide valuable implications for marketers seeking to tailor strategies and product offerings to engage effectively diverse generational segments within the competitive cosmetics market.

Overview on Nanomaterials for Nanocosmetics

One of the scientific areas with the highest growth right now is nanotechnology. The development of nanocosmetics through the use of nanoscale materials has become more popular in recent years. Due to distinct structures, chemical, physical, physiochemical, and functional properties - most of them are absent in their non-nanoscale forms - some nanomaterial types are extremely appealing for use in the cosmetics sector. Regardless of their kind, form, morphology, or content, nanomaterials have two primary purposes in cosmeceutical inventory [1]: nano-constructs as (UV) filters, and [2] nanostructures as biologically active components for topical applications and other treatments associated with cosmeceuticals, such as moisturizers, skincare, makeup, sunscreen, and hair care products. As Ultraviolet filters or Ultraviolet protectants, various types of nanoparticles, such as silver, gold, titanium, and zinc, have been employed in the former scenario to hinder or to Utilize UV radiation and shield the layer beneath the skin from damaging consequences. Nanoliposomes are the delivery systems used in the 2nd concept usage. Therefore, next-generation cosmeceutical solutions for blossoming beauty that offer enhanced skin hydration, bioavailability, agent stability, and regulated UV occlusion have been highlighted as potentially becoming nanomaterial-loaded nanocosmetics. In light of the criticisms mentioned earlier and the potentialities of nanomaterials, we first examined the benefits of using nanoliposomes and nanoparticles as UV filters and delivery systems. The work's second split discusses the safety and legal implications of nanoparticles employed in compositions. Concluding remarks and suggestions for further study round out the work and enable material scientists to securely utilize nanoparticles in large-scale commercial goods.

Factors Affecting Customer's Purchase Decision of Makeup Products From Local Brands On TikTok Live Streams

Social media platforms have drastically reshaped communication, content sharing, and consumption in the fast-evolving digital era. TikTok, a prominent platform, has gained substantial influence in Indonesia, becoming a significant force in the business world. This study examines the factors that affect consumer purchase decisions for local makeup products during TikTok live-streaming sessions. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates qualitative and quantitative methods to understand consumer behavior comprehensively. Qualitative data is analyzed through manual coding, offering detailed insights into consumer perceptions and motivations. Quantitative data is assessed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to identify statistical relationships and patterns. The study involves a minimum of 12 participants for qualitative analysis and 200 for quantitative analysis, focusing on beauty enthusiasts familiar with TikTok's live-streaming features. The research aims to uncover how live streaming influences purchasing decisions and provides actionable insights for local beauty brands. By leveraging TikTok's interactive capabilities, the findings will help these brands enhance their marketing strategies and engage more effectively with their target audience. This study contributes to understanding the impact of social media on consumer behavior and offers practical recommendations for maximizing the potential of live streaming in the beauty industry.

Exposure to biocides and their potential exposure sources among adults: A nationwide population-based study in South Korea

Biocides are present in personal care (including preservatives or antibacterials), pest control, and disinfectant products (including non-agricultural insecticides, fungicides, and disinfectants), and their long-term exposure may induce adverse health effects in humans. Therefore, in this study, we assessed the exposure levels and major exposure predictors of biocides among nationally representative Korean adults. The target group included adults (≥19 years) participating in the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2015–2020. We employed survey-weighted multiple regression analysis and conditional inference trees analysis to assess the associations between demographic characteristics, behavioral sources (including personal care product use, pesticide use, and dietary patterns), and urinary levels of phenol (triclosan [TCS]), parabens (methyl paraben [MP], ethyl paraben [EP], propyl paraben [PP], and butyl paraben [BP]), and the pyrethroid insecticide metabolite (3-phenoxybenzoic acid [3-PBA]). Urinary EP, BP, and 3-PBA levels were higher in South Korean adults compared with those in Western countries. Major exposure predictors for MP, EP, and PP included the use of personal care products such as sunscreen, makeup, and hair care products in KoNEHS 2018–2020. Major exposure predictors for TCS and BP were vegetable consumption, and those for 3-PBA were mosquitocide use during summer in KoNEHS 2018–2020. However, these predictors were not observed in KoNEHS 2015–2017. Collectively, our findings suggest that biocide exposure predictors vary according to changes in product use and diet habits of individuals. Therefore, developing strategies to mitigate biocide exposure based on the demographic and behavioral characteristics of the general population is imperative.

How Do Male Celebrity Endorsers Promote Women's Makeup Products?

This research aims to identify the marketing strategies used by Social Media Influencer objects, namely the Tiktok media @azkhategar391 along with testimonials on the media, collaboration products and Follower informants, in influencing consumer behavior, against the background of significant changes in marketing paradigms and gender perceptions in modern society. Using qualitative research methods with a cyber phenomenology approach, using a simple design with Triangulation Theory and data collection techniques through observation, interviews and documentation, analyzed using Manual Data Analysis Procedures (MDAP). Findings show that being an effective celebrity endorser requires three main aspects: credibility , attractiveness, and celebrity likability, which play an important role in building consumer trust. Transparent testimonials from celebrity endorsers can increase consumer buying interest. Other factors that contribute to changes in consumer behavior include consumer trend analysis, consumer preferences, market segmentation, consumer loyalty, and purchasing decisions.

Frequency of personal care product use among reproductive-aged Black individuals and associations with socio-demographic characteristics

BackgroundCompared to White women, Black women in the United States are more likely to use personal care products (PCPs) with higher concentrations of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and harsher chemical formulations. This may contribute to differential health outcomes in Black women such as increased risk of breast cancer, cardiometabolic outcomes, adverse birth outcomes, and uterine fibroids.ObjectiveClassify distinct PCP use patterns across multiple types of products and examine how patterns vary by socio-demographic characteristics.MethodsThe Study of Environment, Lifestyle and Fibroids is a cohort study of reproductive-aged Black individuals living around Detroit, Michigan. Using self-reported data on frequency of PCP collected between 2013–2018, we employed latent class analysis to identify distinct groups of participants with similar PCP use. Socio-demographic characteristics were compared across latent classes.ResultsAmong 1562 participants, we identified 6 latent classes: Lower Overall; Higher Nailcare; Higher Skincare; Moderate Overall; Higher Makeup/Haircare/Skincare; Higher Overall. Makeup and nailcare usage were the most predictive for classifying participants into groups. Participants in classes with less frequent use of all PCPs and those with only high use of nailcare products, were more likely to report lower socio-economic status (SES), be current smokers, have a body mass index of ≥35 kg/m2, and have ≥3 births. In comparison, participants in classes with average and more frequent use of PCPs were more likely to report higher SES, be non-smokers, be nulliparous, and have ever used oral contraceptives.Impact statementThis study is one of the first detailed assessments of PCP usage among a large cohort of young adult Black women that considers multiple product categories including makeup, hair, skin, nail, and vaginal products. Latent class analysis was used to capture complex patterns of PCP use and identify distinct groups of individuals with similar product use. Although the latent classes are specific to this study population, the identified socio-demographic characteristics or behaviors associated with latent classes may inform targeted and impactful exposure reduction strategies in similar populations.

Risk perception and use of personal care products by race and ethnicity among a diverse population.

Personal care products can contain phthalates, parabens and other endocrine-disrupting chemicals. However, information on perception of risks from personal care product use and how use varies by race and ethnicity is limited. We evaluated differences in personal care product use and risk perception in a diverse sample of participants recruited from a US college campus and online. A self-administered questionnaire captured information on sociodemographic factors, personal care product use trends and perception of risk associated with them. Pearson's chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to determine differences in personal care product use and risk perception by race and ethnicity. Ordered logistic regressions were performed to measure associations between personal care product use frequency across racial/ethnic categories. Participant (n = 770) mean age was 22.8 years [standard deviation ± 6.0]. Daily use of make-up (eye = 29.3%; other = 38.0%; all = 33.7%) and skincare products (55%) was most frequently reported among Middle Eastern and North African participants. Non-Hispanic Black participants reported the highest daily use of hairstyling products (52%) and lotion (78%). Daily make-up use was more frequently reported among females (41%) than males (24.6%). Levels of agreement were similar across racial and ethnic groups, that personal care product manufacturers should be required to list all ingredients (≥87%). There were significant associations between the frequency of use of some personal care products and racial/ethnic categories when the use frequencies of participants from other racial/ethnic categories were compared to the use frequency of non-Hispanic White participants. There were significant differences in daily use frequency, levels of trust, perception of safety and health risks associated with personal care products by race and ethnicity, underscoring that there may be different sources of exposure to chemicals in personal care products by race and ethnicity.

Applications of nanoscale silica (silicon dioxide) in the cosmetics industry

Applications of nanoscale silica (silicon dioxide) in the cosmetics industry

Experimental study for inorganic and organic profiling of toy makeup products: Estimating the potential threat to child health

Inorganic elements are added to toys as impurities to give desired stability, brightness, flexibility, and color; however, these elements may cause numerous health issues after acute or chronic exposure. In this study, the inorganic profile of 14 elements (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Se, Sb, Pb, and Zn) in 63 toy makeup products was identified by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry after microwave acid digestion method. Additionally, organic allergen fragrance was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The systemic exposure dosage (SED), margin of safety (MoS), lifetime cancer risk (LCR), hazard quotient (HQ), and hazard indices were used to assess the safety evaluation. Then, 57 out of 63 samples (90.48%) exceeded the limits at least for one toxic element with descending order Ni > Cr > Co > Pb > Sb > Cd > As > Hg. The SED values were compared with tolerable daily intake values and remarkably differences were found for Al and Pb. The MoS values for 57.15% of samples exceeded the limit value for Al, As, Cd, Co, Hg, Mn, Sb, and Zn elements. The LCR values were observed at 100% (n = 63), 79.37% (n = 50), 85.71% (n = 54), 77.78% (n = 49), and 18.87% (n = 10) for Cr, Ni, As, Pb, and Cd, respectively. Also, the skin sensitization risks were obtained for Cr and Ni at 26.980% (n = 17) and 9.52% (n = 6), respectively. The HQ values for 80% of samples were found to be ≥ 1 at least for one parameter. The investigation of fragrance allergens in samples did not show any significant ingredients. As a result, toy makeup products marketed in local stores were found to be predominantly unsafe. Children should be protected from harmful chemicals by regular monitoring and strict measures.

Upaya Komunikasi Angel Perias Wajah Dalam Promosi Melalui Media Sosial

This final report was written to find out the communication efforts of makeup artists in Instagram social media promotions. In business, communication usually requires effective communication, one of which is promotion to face competition in selling products/services in order to create success in achieving business goals. Angel Makeup is a business operating in the field of make-up services which is domiciled in the city of Padang. Angel makeup artist provides women's makeup services, with various types of makeup looks to suit consumer needs. Therefore, in writing this final assignment, the researcher describes how Angel makes up her efforts in using Instagram social media as a means of promotion for the community, especially in the city of Padang. Makeup is one way to beautify yourself. Makeup is a market that has a high level of competition, this can be seen from the many types of makeup products that are produced domestically and imported from abroad. The high public interest in makeup has become a reference for other people to become a business field, and not just a product business, but makeup can also be a service business, one of which is a makeup artist. In 2016, a survey proved that there were 6000 MUA (Makeup Artists), and in 2021 there were more than 10,000 beauty service providers including makeup services in 35 cities in Indonesia.

A Study on Maybelline Products: A Review on Customer Satisfaction

This research aims to conduct a comprehensive study on Maybelline products, a renowned brand in the beauty and cosmetics industry, with a specific focus on understanding customer satisfaction. Maybelline, a subsidiary of L'Oréal, has established itself as a global leader in offering a diverse range of makeup and beauty products. Employing a mixed-methods research design, combining online reviews, surveys, and interviews, this study seeks to explore the perceptions, preferences, and overall satisfaction levels of consumers using Maybelline products. Key objectives include analyzing customer reviews on various platforms, assessing the factors influencing customer satisfaction, identifying popular and well-received products, and understanding customer expectations from the brand. The study also aims to uncover any challenges or areas for improvement as perceived by customers. The findings of this research are expected to contribute valuable insights to Maybelline and the broader beauty industry, aiding in the enhancement of product offerings, marketing strategies, and overall customer satisfaction.

Measuring the Role of Social Media and E-word of Mouth on Purchase Intention of Secondate Make-up Products

Purchase intention is important to pay attention to because it relates to consumer interest in trying, buying, and owning products such as beauty products. Furthermore, it can be seen from the consumer's behavior of parasocial interaction, social value, and personal value towards the influencer, which will affect their interest in buying the product. This research takes the object of research as an owner as well as an influencer for beauty products Secondate. The research design uses a deductive approach with a quantitative research model to determine the impact of influencers on the quality of parasocial interaction, social values, personal values, and e-wom on purchase intention. The sample of this study were secondary make-up users with a total of 169 respondents. Data analysis used the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method. The results of the study show that parasocial interaction affects social value. Parasocial interaction increases positive perceptions of personal value, and social value can increase consumer purchase intention, but personal value cannot attract consumer purchase intention. Parasocial interaction does not affect consumer purchase intention, so e-wom does not moderate the effect of parasocial interaction on consumer purchase intention. The results of this study concluded that social media can be a means to affect the interest in buying a product. With the respondent's research on social value and personal value, it can be said that it affects a person's buying interest in a product. Social value and personal value can help us to sort out which products we need and which are suitable for us.

Effect of Makeup Use on Depressive Symptoms: An Open, Randomized and Controlled Trial.

Depression is one of the most disabling diseases globally, with a high disease burden that generates high direct and indirect costs. The incidence of depression is twofold higher in adult women than in men. Biological and psychosocial factors constitute the pathophysiological bases of the condition and due to the complexity of the condition, current understanding is that the "treatment strategy must be multimodal". The objective of this study was to measure the effect of introducing the frequent use of makeup on improving depressive symptoms in adult women of medium-low purchasing power METHODS: Participants with the targeted profile who did not frequently use makeup were selected and randomised to receive (test group) or not (control group) stimuli and makeup products intended for encouraging the frequent use of makeup. The Zung Depression Self-Assessment Scale was used to assess depressive symptoms, with additional assessments on self-image perception using the mirror test and salivary cortisol level. The results demonstrated a sustained reduction in depressive symptoms (8.3 percentage points reduction in the Average Zung Index; P < 0.05), with a significant improvement in self-image perception (25% increase in the average score obtained in the mirror test; P < 0.05) and a specific influence on salivary cortisol levels (55% reduction in salivary cortisol concentration; P < 0.05) after the first makeup application. The results show that encouraging the frequent use of makeup, a practice that can be achieved by most people and which is simple and inexpensive to implement, can contribute to effective and sustainable improvement in the well-being and mental health of a significant portion of the population.

Cosmetic - Market Values and its Importance Among Human Race

Recent globalization has made each and every field to enter the globalization along with the cosmetic industry. Use of cosmetic product has evolved at a very higher rate and is continuing to show the rapid growth. The cosmetics are heading towards more of the vegan, cruelty-free etc. products as awareness of the ingredients and the way the products are made has evolved among the customers. Due to increasing environmental pollution and its effects on human beings, the disturbance is affecting our human skin also. The environmental disturbance is leading to different types of skin issues like dryness, rashes, white spots etc. Regarding this issue, research in many fields of the cosmetic is being conducted. The cosmetics produces are now vegan free, cruelty free contains organic ingredients and are helping people having healthy, anti-aging and smooth skin with the use of these organic products and is aiming towards the sustainable usage organic ingredients are being used and is leading towards many research opportunities many factors are keeping in mind to produce organic based skincare and makeup products All these factors are contributing towards the change in market size, trends and shares. This paper focus mainly on the cosmetic and its market value and it’s effect on trends and shares among the companies and market at a national and global level.

Critical Discourse Analysis on Male Product Advertisements

Beauty standard ideology or belief which is traditionally popularized by and through makeup products advertisement for women is not only influencing women across the globe but is now normalized in male products advertisements as well which convinces them to buy the product and which also has an impact on men’s belief of what an ideal masculine man is supposed to be. This study aims to find the “real man” standard ideology in male product advertisements. Moreover, the critical discourse analysis three-dimensional framework by Fairclough is applied in this research to show the “real man” ideology that is presented in male product advertisements especially the ones on social media where the latest ads can be found. Furthermore, we use descriptive qualitative research in analyzing and explaining 6 male products with a variety of types and brands. Data collection was carried out with structured interviews and advertisement observations. The findings of this study indicate that male product is very important to meet the main needs in overcoming problems in men. In addition, the main factor that is the reason for men to use male products is the demands of work or self-care, which is a representation of one's identity. According to the findings of this study, advertised men's products contain linguistic features that create ideology and manipulation for men, causing them to be interested in purchasing and using these products. Furthermore, men use these products because of stereotypes and public criteria for the appearance of a manly man.

Skin patch based makeup finish assessment technique by deep neural network.

Skin color and texture play a significant role in influencing impressions. To understand the influence of skin appearance and to develop better makeup products, objective evaluation methods for makeup finish have been explored. This study aims to apply machine learning technology, specifically deep neural network (DNN), to accurately analyze and evaluate delicate and complex cosmetic skin textures. "Skin patch datasets" were extracted from facial images and used to train a DNN model. The advantages of using skin patches include retaining fine texture, eliminating false correlations from non-skin features, and enabling visualization of the inferred results for the entire face. The DNN was trained in two ways: a classification task to classify skin attributes and a regression task to predict the visual assessment of experts. The trained DNNs were applied for the evaluation of actual makeup conditions. In the classification task training, skin patch-based classifiers for age range, presence or absence of base makeup, formulation type (powder/liquid) of the applied base makeup, and immediate/while after makeup application were developed. The trained DNNs on regression task showed high prediction accuracy for the experts' visual assessment. Application of DNN to the evaluation of actual makeup conditions clearly showed appropriate evaluation results in line with the appearance of the makeup finish. The proposed method of using DNNs trained on skin patches effectively evaluates makeup finish. This approach has potential applications in visual science research and cosmetics development. Further studies can explore the analysis of different skin conditions and the development of personalized cosmetics.

AUTHENTICITY AND TRANSPARENCY: INFLUENCERS SPONSORED CONTENTS ON MAKEUP PRODUCTS TOWARDS CONSUMER TRUST

This study was conducted to assess the influence of authenticity and transparency of influencersponsored content on consumer trust towards makeup products. In particular, the study aimed to determine the demographic profiles of the participants; determine the perception of the participants on the authenticity of influencers’ sponsored content on makeup products in terms of sincerity, visibility, and expertise; determine the perception of the participants on the transparency of influencers’ sponsored content on makeup products in terms of openness, clarity, and honesty; and determine the influence of authenticity and transparency of sponsored contents on consumers' trust towards makeup products. This study used a descriptive research design, and data was collected through self-administered survey questionnaires from 150 participants in Cavite. The findings indicate that most participants are females aged 18-25, single, and collegeeducated. The participants perceived influencer-sponsored content as authentic and transparent. Furthermore, authenticity and transparency highly influenced consumer trust in makeup products. The implications of this study suggest the importance of authenticity and transparency in influencer marketing for makeup products.

Investigation of skincare habits and possible rosacea triggers of patients with rosacea: A prospective case-control study.

Skincare is a part of rosacea treatment; patients benefit from complementary dermo-cosmetic care as well as medical treatments. Some skincare habits are known to trigger and exacerbate rosacea, but there are very few epidemiological studies on this matter. A total of 200 people, including 100 patients with rosacea and 100 controls, were included in the study. We questioned the methods used by the participants in daily facial cleansing. Sun and heat exposure, makeup habits, the history of the use of topical steroids, and outdoor working status were noted. A dermoscopic examination, a non-invasive and valuable method to evaluate the presence and severity of Demodex, was performed. We evaluated 30% of our rosacea patients as erythematotelangiectatic rosacea, 13% as papulopustular rosacea, and 57% of our patients had mixed type, which could not be distinguished from one of these subtypes. In the case group, the proportion of people who used daily facial cleansers and daily soaps was lower than in the control group, while the proportion of those who cleaned their face with only water and those who used facial cleansers less frequently was higher (p<0.001). In the case group, while the rate of daily make-up and use of make-up products was lower (p=0.001, p<0.001, respectively), the rate of not wearing make-up was higher (p=0.001). The history of hot bath use was higher in the case group than in the control group (p=0.011). We found a significant relationship between the severity of plaque and dry appearance and the increase in Demodex density (p=0.007, p<0.001, respectively). We recommend that patients with rosacea clean their faces daily with soap or facial cleansers and not take a bath with very hot water. Patients should be evaluated for increased Demodex mites, especially if skin dryness is accompanied.