Major University Research Articles

Exploration of the Application of Multimodal Teaching Mode in German as a Second Foreign Language Teaching for English Majors in Universities

Exploration of the Application of Multimodal Teaching Mode in German as a Second Foreign Language Teaching for English Majors in Universities

The Path to Improvement of China's Professional Cultivation in the Perspective of Legal Clinics

Since its inception in the United States in the 1960s, the legal clinic has developed rapidly in the United Kingdom, Finland and other countries due to its characteristics of significantly improving students' practical ability. China has also joined this trend. Since 2000, seven universities, including Peking University and Tsinghua University, have taken the lead in introducing legal clinics, and other universities have followed suit. Although the application of legal clinic in major universities has been quite mature, its application has been limited to general undergraduate courses rather than vocational undergraduate courses. Therefore, the legal clinic has been in a blank state in vocational undergraduate courses which train practical talents. Based on the blank phenomenon of legal clinic in vocational undergraduate, this paper aims to explore the path of improvement of vocational training in the perspective of legal clinic. Through the research, it seeks to put forward practical suggestions to promote the effective use of legal clinic in vocational undergraduate, in order to better cultivate practical talents. The literature review method and comparative method are used to conduct an exhaustive research on the development history of legal clinics in the international arena and in China. By comparatively analysing the application of legal clinics in general and vocational undergraduate courses, the applicability and development path of legal clinics in vocational undergraduate courses are explored. The research found that although legal clinics have achieved remarkable results in general undergraduate courses, there is a gap in the field of vocational undergraduate courses. Through comparative analyses, a path for the improvement of the law clinic in vocational undergraduate is proposed, including suggestions for adaptive adjustment of the clinic model, broadening the field of cooperation, and strengthening cooperation with the industry. This research fills the research gap of legal clinics in the field of vocational undergraduate, and provides new perspectives and paths for colleges and universities in cultivating the practical ability of vocational undergraduate students. By promoting the application of legal clinic in vocational undergraduate, it can better meet the needs of the actual legal profession and provide substantial support for the cultivation of more comprehensive legal professionals.

Hadith Preservation: Techniques And Contemporary Efforts

Hadith is an important source of Islamic teachings. The method of Hadith preservation during the time of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and after his demise has constantly been criticised by Orientalists and critics of Islam. Most of their objections emphasise that Hadith could not have been accurately transmitted orally over a century. Thus, conducting research on how Hadith has been preserved is crucial, particularly to remind the critics that Allah’s (Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala) promise to protect His Book is not limited to the Qur’an, but also extends to the Hadith, which explains the meanings of the Qur’an. Additionally, it is crucial to continuously discuss the painstaking efforts that went into Hadith preservation, which make Muslims believe with absolute certainty that Hadith were accurately preserved. On this basis, this article discusses the multifaceted landscape of Hadith preservation by exploring the techniques employed and contemporary efforts in preserving this rich Islamic heritage. Relevant books, academic journal articles, lecture notes, and webpages were reviewed in writing this article. The three main techniques that played a significant role in preserving Hadith are memorisation, the principle of practice, and documentation. Moreover, the contemporary efforts that contributed to Hadith preservation include the massive publication of academic books and journals on Hadith, the establishment of faculties in major universities that offer Hadith studies as a specialised academic program, the increase in comparative jurisprudence studies that refer to Hadith as one of the most important references, the need to respond to Orientalist theories on Hadith, and the advent of digital technology.

Discussion on Talent Training Mode of Engineering Cost Major in Higher Vocational Colleges

With the rapid development of higher vocational education, the number of schools and enrollment has increased rapidly, and each specialty has been continuously refined. This has led to new challenges in the talent training of new specialties in higher vocational colleges in recent years. Based on the post ability standard of cost staff and the skill requirements of related posts, according to the characteristics of this major and guided by the idea of systematization of the work process, this paper discusses the problems existing in the talent training mode of higher vocational engineering cost major and provides some suggestions for the talent training and construction of higher vocational engineering cost major. It aims to promote continuous teaching reform in the future and the development of engineering cost majors in higher vocational colleges.

An analysis of English classroom teaching design for foreign nursing majors in higher vocational schools based on demand analysis

Vocational college students due to the career foundation is not high, there are differences in English ability, medical terminology is difficult, leading to the decline of students interest in learning and confidence, some students will appear fear psychology. Therefore, in order to make the foreign nursing major develop rapidly, it is not only necessary to meet the social needs of students, but also to choose the teaching materials suitable for students. This paper expounds the importance of learning English knowledge for foreign-related nursing majors in higher vocational colleges and analyzes the process of English classroom teaching design for reference only.

An Analysis of the Acquisition of English Phrase Stress by Non-English Major University Students

Phonological acquisition is the foundation of second language acquisition and plays an important role in the learning of English by university students. Although many non-English majors can achieve high scores in various English examinations, they have problems with their speaking and listening. One of the reasons for this situation is misplaced stress. A comparison with native English speakers revealed some problems in the acquisition of phrasal stress by non-English majors: high pitch, long duration of pronunciation, strong and unstable sound intensity, etc. This study is an attempt to offer some suggestions for the acquisition of stress by non-English majors.

Application of Case Teaching Method in Basic Accounting Teaching in Colleges and Universities

Case teaching method has the characteristics of high efficiency and simplicity, and is one of the common teaching methods. Nowadays, it is widely used in every classroom and in the teaching of major universities. Because the basic accounting course has the characteristics of strong practice, so the case teaching method is applied in the teaching of basic accounting course. This paper first analyzes the application of case teaching method in basic accounting teaching, expounds its shortcomings, and focuses on the analysis of solutions in order to improve the quality of basic accounting teaching.

Academic Degrees for Monks: Sera Je and the Challenges of Integrating Tibetan Buddhist Monastic Education into the Indian University System

Although there have been concerted efforts to integrate Tibetan Buddhist monastic education into the Indian university system since the 1960s, the attainment of academic accreditation has tended to require significant curricular trade-offs. The majority of Tibetan Buddhist monastic colleges have therefore eschewed the potential advantages of academic accreditation—including greater opportunities for monastic graduates in universities and other secular contexts—in order to preserve the rigour of traditional scholastic programmes. However, through its affiliation to the University of Mysore in 2022, the Geluk monastery of Sera Je is now able to award accredited Bachelor of Arts (BA) degrees even without making significant changes in practice to its traditional curriculum and pedagogy. This article examines the structure and content of Sera Je’s new programmes and contextualises what may prove to be a landmark development against the backdrop of previous attempts to negotiate the boundary between Tibetan Buddhist monastic education and university education in India. It suggests that the accreditation of research programmes raises further challenges in addition to those associated with the accreditation of taught programmes. Nonetheless, the urgency of solving these longstanding issues appears to have been heightened by a developing crisis in Tibetan Buddhist monastic recruitment. In investigating the topic of academic accreditation, this article throws light on an issue that has driven notable evolutions in Tibetan Buddhist monastic education in India but has previously received little scholarly attention.

The Impact of Digital Literacy on the Creativity of Art Major University Students

This paper discusses the influence of digital literacy on the creativity of college students majoring in the fine arts. In the context of the rapid development of information technology, digital literacy has become an important part of artistic creation. An analysis of the impact of access to information and digital technology on the creative process reveals that rich knowledge reserves and access to information can stimulate inspiration and promote artistic creativity. Moreover, the use of digital tools provides creators with broader creative space and flexibility, thus enhancing their creativity. The paper also highlights the shortcomings of digital literacy education in colleges and universities and proposes suggestions for improvement, including updating the curriculum, improving equipment and strengthening teacher training, to better support the enhancement of digital art creation and the creativity of fine arts students.

Exploration on Teaching Reform of Basic Mechanics Course for Engineering Majors in Universities

Basic Mechanics is an important professional basic course in engineering majors in colleges and universities. With the continuous development of social science and technology, the application range of Basic Mechanics is becoming wider. In order to give full play to the role of Basic Mechanics courses in engineering majors, this paper starts with the characteristics of Basic Mechanics courses, analyzes the current teaching status and problems of Basic Mechanics courses in engineering majors. This paper puts forward some measures for teaching reform from the aspects of teaching objectives, teaching methods, teaching level and assessment system, in order to improve teaching quality and enhance students’ practical ability, so as to cultivate high-quality and highly skilled comprehensive talents for the society.

Research on the Cultivation Path of Public Management Talents under the Background of High-quality Development

Higher education is closely connected with national strategic needs and economic and social development. High-quality development in higher education is directly related to whether national strategy can be realized and the degree of support for economic and social development. With the continuous development of the country’s social economy, the social demand for high-quality public management personnel is also constantly improving, in this case, on ways to explore the effective public management personnel training path base on the goal of high-quality development, has also become the majority of colleges and universities public management majors and teachers need to think deeply. In this regard, this paper discusses and analyzes the effective path of public management personnel training under the background of high-quality development, only for the reference of the relevant people.

Medical residents' knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antibiotics, antimicrobial stewardship and multidrug-resistant bacteria: a cross-sectional study in a major university in Iran.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest threats to global public health systems. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice about AMR, antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. A web-based questionnaire survey was conducted among the residents of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences from May to November 2023. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 24.0 software. Overall, 400 out of 450 medical residents responded to the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 88.9%. The participants' ages ranged from 26 to 54 years, and the majority were female (227/400 56.8%). Average scores for knowledge, attitudes, and practices were 53.70 ± 15.88, 36.97 ± 5.89 and 24.69 ± 4.24, respectively. In terms of knowledge, only 26.8% had heard the term "ASPs" and knew what it was. Most incorrect answers appeared to the treatment of infection caused by MDR bacteria including ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (27.8%) and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (30.8%), as well as the atypical bacteria (45.5%). Approximately, 50 and 71.7% said they had received no specific training in the fields of microbiological sampling methods and the appropriate time to prescribe antibiotics, respectively. Surprisingly, regarding practice, 81.8% of the respondents stated that antibiotics are used to treat flu or the common cold. Residents considered their training on important issues including ASPs, MDR bacteria and the spectrum of antibiotics insufficient. This result highlights the need for targeted training interventions about antibiotic prescription in the curriculum at the university with more emphasis on ASPs to limit the development of resistance.

The Role of Prior Online Learning Experience in Student Learning under ERT – A Comparative Study

The pandemic provided great research opportunities in learning/teaching. How was students’ learning experience under emergency remote teaching (ERT)? The purposes of this study are to explore students’ learning experience, and to observe any differences under two lenses – internationalization and prior online learning. An online study was conducted in the Management/Business programs of a major Canadian research university and four Russian universities in 2021. A total of 683 students participated in this study, two-thirds of which were Canadian and one-third were Russian. The degree of internationalization (e.g. international students) is higher in Canadian universities, while a higher percentage of Russian students had prior online learning experience before the pandemic in this study. The research findings showed that the degree of internationalization did not play a significant role in the difference of student learning; while the prior learning experience played a crucial role under ERT. Russian students adjusted better to the new learning mode, reported a more positive view of online learning, had a better learning experience and performance, and had a preference to continue with online learning post-pandemic. This research sheds light on students’ preference for online learning that was influenced by prior exposure to online learning.

Self-Perceived Competencies and Attitudes on Palliative Care in Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Multicenter Descriptive Study.

Introduction: Caring for the dying can generate anxiety and emotional distress, particularly in nursing students, and perceived competence could play a crucial role in enabling nurses to perform their duties with greater confidence. Unfortunately, few studies describe the relationship between students' nursing attitudes and perceived self-efficacy in palliative care (PC). To overcome this gap, this survey aimed to assess the attitudes towards dying patients and the perceived competence of nursing students in palliative care at different universities in the south of Italy. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to March 2023 involving nursing students from the three major Sicilian universities (Italy). The study included a survey investigating socio-demographic characteristics, palliative care training, knowledge about pain management, and previous experience with dying. Moreover, the Professional Competence of the Core Curriculum in Palliative Care Nursing (CCPCN) questionnaire and the Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying-B Italian version (FATCOD-B-I) assessed competencies and emotional attitudes. Results: A total of 1913 nursing students were recruited, of which 71.3% were females, and 53.9% were in the age range of 18 to 21 years. In the multivariable analysis, practical PC training was a substantial factor in enhancing competencies (Adj-OR 2.78 [95% CI = 2.12-3.65]). Male students had higher competence odds (Adj-OR 1.38 [95% CI = 1.14-1.66]), and perceived knowledge strongly correlated with self-assessed competence. Advancement in academic years also positively influenced competence self-assessment (Adj-OR 1.98 [95% CI = 1.75-2.24]). Regarding emotional attitudes, a per-quartile increase in competence score was found to improve the attitude score (Adj-OR 1.24 [95% CI = 1.13-1.35]). Conclusions: Nursing students gain valuable experience during clinical experience. PC training and perceived knowledge of PC significantly increase nurses' competencies, and the latter seem to be strongly associated with attitudes. Thus, introducing palliative care education into nurses' core curricula could be a way to reduce anxiety and emotional distress in young students.

Teaching Reform of BIM Modeling and Realistic 3D Integration Application

BIM technology is based on three digit technology to achieve information integration and sharing throughout the entire life cycle of buildings, which can effectively improve design and construction efficiency. Realistic 3D technology is a technology that digitally presents real-world objects and scenes in high-precision, high-efficiency, and high fidelity 3D form, which can objectively and realistically reflect the real world and provide rich spatial analysis functions. This article integrates real-life 3D and BIM modeling technology and applies it to practical teaching of civil engineering majors in vocational colleges, explores its teaching practice methods, and proposes reform measures such as deepening course design, innovating teaching methods, deepening school enterprise cooperation, and improving assessment and evaluation systems. In order to enhance students' competitiveness in employment and continuously promote the teaching reform of BIM modeling courses.

Russia as an Object of Scientific Studies in Kyrgyzstan

The object of the study is scientific social and humanitarian publications devoted to Russia of Kyrgyzstan scientists. These are works in five disciplines: “Russian language and literature”, “political science”, “history”, “economics” and “law”. The purpose of the work is to identify the degree of study and the specificity of research on Russia in Kyrgyzstan in studies on Russian philology, history and political science, and analysis of expert-analytical and scientific-educational materials on economic and legal aspects of research.Of greatest interest to Kyrgyz researchers is Russian language, which is explained by the status and role of the Russian language in the Kyrgyz Republic and its dominant position in the capital, Bishkek, where all major universities of the republic dealing with Russian topics are located. In the sphere of the other four disciplines, the interests of researchers are limited to historical, political and economic relationships between the two states. The study showed that, in general, the ideological positions of local experts are manifested in a positive or neutral attitude towards Russia, despite individual (single) works that contain a negative interpretation of Kyrgyz-Russian relations.

Predominance of blaNDM- and blaIMP-Harboring Escherichia coli Belonging to Clonal Complexes 131 and 23 in a Major University Hospital.

Background and Objectives: Carbapenem resistance is a growing global challenge for healthcare, and, therefore, monitoring its prevalence and patterns is crucial for implementing targeted interventions to mitigate its impact on patient outcomes and public health. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of carbapenem resistance among Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains in the largest tertiary care hospital of the capital territory of Pakistan and to characterize the isolates for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes. Additionally, the most prevalent sequence types were analyzed. Materials and Methods: A total of 15,467 clinical samples were collected from November 2020 to May 2022, underwent antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and were analyzed for antimicrobial resistance genes through conventional PCR and sequence typing using MLST. Results: In carbapenem-resistant E. coli (CR-EC), 74.19% of isolates harbored the blaNDM gene, with blaNDM-1 (66.96%), blaNDM-5 (12.17%), and blaNDM-7 (20.87%) variants detected. Additionally, blaIMP was found in 25.81% and blaOXA-48 in 35.48% of isolates. The presence of blaCTX-M15 and blaTEM was identified in 83.87% and 73.55% of CR-EC isolates, respectively, while armA and rmtB were detected in 40% and 65.16% of isolates, respectively. Colistin and tigecycline were the most effective drugs against CR-EC isolates, with both showing an MIC50 of 0.5 µg/mL. The MIC90 for colistin was 1 µg/mL, while for tigecycline, it was 2 µg/mL. MLST analysis revealed that the CR-EC isolates belonged to ST131 (24.52%), ST2279 (23.87%), ST3499 (16.13%), ST8051 (15.48%), ST8900 (9.68%), ST3329 (7.10%), ST88 (1.94%), and ST6293 (1.29%). The ST131 complex (70.97%) was the most prevalent, harboring 95.65% of the blaNDM gene, while the ST23 complex (18.06%) harbored 62.50% of the blaIMP gene. Conclusions: Implementing large-scale surveillance studies to monitor the spread of specific pathogens, along with active infection control policies, is crucial for the effective containment and prevention of future epidemics.

Exploration on the Teaching Practice of Color Foundation of Painting Majors in Colleges and Universities

Color foundation teaching is the main content of the color expression ability in the painting major of colleges and universities. The traditional color training methods are prone to being misunderstood as the cultivation of the representation techniques of objects of varying difficulties, thereby neglecting that the fundamental purpose of color foundation training is for creative expression. Compared with the traditional course model, the creative consciousness and concept guidance model is a reliable approach to address the expression issues during students' color foundation training at all stages. The traditional color teaching method of combining sketching from life and silent drawing often leads students to form passive, indiscriminate, and emotionless simulations of objects, causing the objects themselves to lose their significance of being depicted. The color lacks directionality and expressive purpose. Works overly rely on the accidental effects produced by unconscious object projection or the meticulousness of work processing, resulting in "sketching" becoming "stifled sketching". The creative consciousness and concept guidance model emphasizes extracting the characteristics of objects. Educators attach importance to discovering and affirming the accidental writing and incompleteness that occur during students' color practice, helping students create their own color imagery based on the objects they are representing at any stage of color learning.

Increased knee-extension strength and steps per day after a novel post-hospitalization rehabilitative program in older adults (65+): Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled single-blinded trial using an expanded sample size

IntroductionOlder adults are at risk of developing new or worsened disability when hospitalized for acute medical illness. This study is a secondary analysis of the STAND-Cph trial on the effect of a simple strength training intervention initiated during hospitalization and continued after discharge. We investigated the between-group difference in change in functional performance outcomes, the characteristics of patients who experienced a relevant effect of the intervention, and the characteristics of those who were compliant with the intervention, using an expanded sample size as protocolized. MethodsThe STAND-Cph was a randomized controlled trial conducted at a major Danish university hospital. Acutely admitted older adult patients (65+) from the Emergency Department were randomized to the intervention group receiving progressive strength training and a protein supplement during and after hospitalization (12 sessions over 4 weeks) or control group receiving usual care. The primary outcome was the de Morton Mobility Index assessed at baseline and 4 weeks after discharge. The secondary outcomes were 24-h mobility (assessed by ActivPAL accelerometers), isometric knee-extension strength, 30 s. sit-to-stand performance, and habitual gait speed. ResultsBetween September 2013 and September 2018, a total of 158 patients were included and randomized to either the intervention group (N = 80; mean age 79.9 ± 7.6 years) or the control group (N = 78; mean age 80.8 ± 7.4 years). We found no significant between-group difference in change in our primary outcome (p > 0.05). Both the intention-to-treat (difference in change 0.14 Nm/kg (95 % CI 0.03;0.24), p = 0.01) and the per protocol (difference in change 0.16 Nm/kg (95 % CI 0.04;0.29), p = 0.008) analyses showed that between baseline and 4 weeks, knee-extension strength increased significantly more in the intervention group than in the control group. Also, the per protocol analysis showed that the intervention group increased their daily number of steps significantly more than the control group (difference in change 1088 steps (95 % CI 44; 2132); p = 0.04). When examining subgroups of patients, we found no significant differences neither between those who experienced a clinically relevant improvement in the de Morton Mobility Index and those who did not, nor between those who were compliant and those who were not. ConclusionThis exploratory analysis indicates that while simple progressive strength training and protein supplementation does not improve functional performance assessed by the de Morton Mobility Index, it can benefit specific facets of physical activity and muscle strength among geriatric patients.

Association between sexual violence and depression is mediated by perceived social support among female university students in the kingdom of Eswatini

BackgroundGender-based violence is a tool that primarily functions to maintain gendered power hierarchies. Manifestations of gender-based violence, sexual assault and street harassment have been shown to have significant effects on mental wellbeing in the global North, however there is little research centering the experiences and consequences of gendered harassment in the Africa region.MethodsWe analyzed a cross-sectional random sample of 372 women attending a major university in Eswatini in 2017 to measure the prevalence of street harassment among female university students and assess the relationship between experiences of sexual assault, sexualized street harassment, and mental health outcomes in this population.ResultsWe found that in the previous 12 months, women reported experiencing high levels of sexual assault (20%), street harassment (90%), and depression (38%). Lifetime sexual assault, past 12 months sexual assault, and street harassment were all significantly associated with symptoms of depression. We created a structural model to test hypothesized causal pathways between street harassment, previous experiences of sexual assault, and symptoms of depression, with social support as a potential mediator. We found that a history of sexual violence significantly mediated the association between street harassment and depression, and that social support mediated a large proportion of the association between both forms of gender-based violence and depression.ConclusionSexualized street harassment is associated with increased depressive symptomology for nearly all women, however the effects are especially pronounced for women who have previous experiences of sexual violence. Sexualized street harassment functions as a tool to maintain gendered power hierarchies by reminding women of ongoing threat of sexual violence even in public spaces. Social support and solidarity among women is a potentially important source of resiliency against the physical and mental harms of all forms of gender based violence.