Major Topics Research Articles

Perspectives of cancer consumer representatives on their involvement in healthcare service improvement: a qualitative study

BackgroundConsumer involvement in healthcare service organisation and policy development is recognised globally as a vital strategy in improving the quality and patient-centredness of care. There are significant gaps in knowledge about consumer involvement in practice, including consumers’ engagement in the process of enhancing cancer services. This study aimed to explore consumers’ perspectives on their involvement in cancer service improvement.MethodsCancer consumer representatives were recruited through Victorian Integrated Cancer Services, Australia. Eligible consumers were, or had been, a member of a health service improvement-related committee or project and attended at least one meeting with health professionals. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted online and transcribed verbatim. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsSix experienced consumer representatives were interviewed. Perspectives on their involvement in improving cancer services were categorised into three major topics. The first addressed personal aspects of involvement, in which participants described personal motivations (e.g., having lived experience of cancer themselves or in their family), challenges encountered in committee involvement, experiences of received support in their role as a consumer representative, concerns about narrow representation, and their evolving identity as a consumer representative. The second discussed practical contributions made by consumer representatives to improve systems and services. Participants detailed their active engagement with committees and consumer-led projects, contributing both their cancer experiences and general or professional skills. The third topic focused on directions for improving consumer involvement in the health system. Suggestions highlighted widening consumer representation to include often marginalised voices to inform decision-making at local committee and health system levels.ConclusionsThis study enhances the real-world understanding of the role that consumer representatives play in improving cancer health services. The strategies suggested in our research provide the opportunity to enhance consumer involvement and pave the way for more effective cancer service planning and implementation across diverse healthcare settings.

Analyzing User Reviews on Digital Detox Apps: A Text Mining and Sentiment Analysis Approach

ABSTRACTDue to the growing concerns around problematic smartphone use and its negative impact, there is a rising interest in digital detox. While many digital detox apps have been developed in recent years, there is still limited understanding of the long‐term effectiveness of digital detox applications and the attitude of people towards these apps. This study fills this gap by identifying the topics that people post in their reviews on the Google Play Store about digital detox apps and the emotion‐based sentiment of those reviews. A total of 3500 reviews of 25 digital detox apps were collected from the Google Play Store using a scraping tool called “Parsehub.” Data was analyzed using R studio. Sentiment analysis results suggest that positive sentiments dominated the data frame. “Trust” and “anticipation” were the two most expressed emotions in the reviews. Regression analysis confirmed that sentiment scores could explain the ratings of the apps. Through LDA topic modeling four major topics of the reviews were identified and are discussed in detail in the later section of the research paper. The findings of this study may help app developers and marketers improve digital detox apps so that people can learn and practice mindful smartphone use with the help of these apps. This study fills a gap in digital detox research by adopting a new methodological approach and procedure since it combines text mining, sentiment analysis (NRC Lexicon using Syuzhet package), regression analysis, and LDA topic modeling. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study which uses this research approach in the context of digital detox apps.

1.B. Round table: Artificial Intelligence in Mobile Health Apps: Ethical, Legal, and Regulatory Challenges

Abstract Globally, governments and public health authorities are integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques in mobile apps to improve public health. For example, during the COVID-19 outbreak, AI-driven chatbots were deployed to provide immediate health information and advice. AI-based mobile apps are also used to support mental health or for preventive healthcare, such as personalized dietary recommendations. Moreover, the use of generative AI for public health purposes is rapidly increasing. In 2024, the WHO launched S.A.R.A.H - a generative AI chatbot designed to provide information on major health topics such as healthy lifestyles and mental health. By integrating AI, public institutions could potentially achieve better health outcomes, improve efficiency, and enhance access to healthcare. However, the rapid adoption of AI public health apps also raises significant ethical, legal, and regulatory challenges. The large amounts of sensitive personal data collected and processed by such apps may create issues for privacy, data protection, and cybersecurity. At the same time, the tendency of AI to exhibit biases may deepen existing health inequities. The new EU ‘digital’ legal framework does not directly address these challenges. This workshop aims to convene leading experts working on AI in health to address these issues. We bring together scholars from different disciplines (health law, health policy, bioethics, biosciences). The workshop objectives are twofold: (1) to critically assess the current landscape of AI in public health apps from a legal, ethical, and regulatory point of view, and (2) to lay the groundwork for policy recommendations on how to ensure the deployment of AI apps for public health in compliance with ethical principles and fundamental rights. First, the panel explores the differences in the data protection regulation of AI public health apps in the EU and the US (speaker: James Hazel). Second, it discusses how these apps are regulated under the new EU Artificial Intelligence Act (speaker: Hannah van Kolfschooten). Third, it investigates the consequences of the European Health Data Space regulation on how health data can be processed through public health apps (speaker: Mahsa Shabani). Finally, as the cross-border use of apps complicates regulatory efforts, it discusses the need for international cooperation in establishing and enforcing guidelines (speaker: Vasiliki Rahimzadeh). The workshop will be conducted as a round table discussion with 4 short presentations of 5 minutes each. Speakers first present a key challenge posed by AI in mobile health apps, and then suggest a potential regulatory solution. This will be followed by a dialogue between panelists and the audience to share best practices on how to regulate AI in mobile public health apps from a legal, ethical, and regulatory perspective. The input will be used to develop a submission for the Call for papers of BMC Bioinformatics. Key messages • As public institutions are increasingly integrating AI technologies into their mobile public health solutions, it is crucial to evaluate the ethical, legal, and regulatory implications. • In light of current gaps in the EU legal framework, we convene scholars from different disciplines and legal systems to design guidelines on the ethical use of AI mobile apps for public health. Speakers/Panelists James Hazel University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Mahsa Shabani University of Amsterdam, Ghent University, Amsterdam, Netherlands Hannah van Kolfschooten University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands Vasiliki Rahimzadeh Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, USA Pramiti Parwani University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Mapping the Evolving Landscape of Library-Related Policies in China: A Topic Modeling Approach

This study aims to investigate the thematic characteristics and evolutionary patterns of library policies in China from 1949 to 2023. Employing the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model, the research analyzed 2,703 Chinese government-issued policies related to libraries during this period, identifying key topics and tracing their developmental trajectories. The study recognized four distinct developmental phases, five major topics, and the underlying connections among feature terms within different topics. It discussed the corresponding topic strengths and evolving trends in each phase. Library policies in China are predominantly centered on five key domains: 1) spatial planning and architectural integration, 2) information management and transparency, 3) legal regulations and supervisory enforcement, 4) heritage preservation and sustainable development, and 5) community inclusion and accessibility. Notably, spatial planning and architectural integration consistently garner substantial attention, highlighting their enduring prominence, while there is relatively less emphasis on community inclusion and accessibility, as well as heritage preservation and sustainable development. The contribution of this study lies in conducting a semantic exploration of the overall transformation in library-related policies in China, validating the effectiveness of the LDA model in identifying topics within policy texts, and expanding the research perspective on library policy evolution.

Navigating the Nexus of Artificial Intelligence and Renewable Energy for the Advancement of Sustainable Development Goals

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into renewable energy and sustainability represents a transformative approach toward achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs), especially SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), and SDG 13 (Climate Action). This study utilized the PRISMA framework to conduct a systematic review, focusing on the role of AI in renewable energy and sustainable development. This research utilized Scopus’s curated AI research area, which employs text mining to refine AI concepts into unique keywords. Further refinement via the All Science Journals Classification system and SDG-mapping filters narrowed the focus to publications relevant to renewable energy and SDGs. By employing the BERTopic modeling approach, our study identifies major topics, such as enhancing wind speed forecasts, performance analysis of fuel cells, energy management in elective vehicles, solar irradiance prediction, optimizing biofuel production, and improving energy efficiency in buildings. AI-driven models offer promising solutions to address the dynamic challenges of sustainable energy. Insights from academia-industry collaborations indicate that such partnerships significantly accelerate sustainable-energy transitions, with a focus on AI-driven energy storage, grid management, and renewable-energy forecasting. A global consensus on the critical role of investing in technology-driven solutions for energy sustainability was underscored by the relationship between funding data and global R&D spending patterns. This study serves as a resource for practitioners to harness AI technologies for renewable energy, where for example, AI’s accurate wind speed predictions can increase wind farm efficiency, highlighting the necessity of innovation and collaboration for sustainable development.

Educational needs of the EAES young surgeons.

Surgical residency programs are facing ongoing challenges since the pandemic. The Young Member (YM) Task Force of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) has been created to support surgical residents and surgeons under 40, promoting activities that could be useful for young surgeons and to improve networking between members of different countries. This project aimed to explore educational needs among European surgical residents to inform the EAES curriculum for young surgeons. Within the EAES surgical society, the YM developed a survey to capture residents' views on their professional needs. Different aspects were considered, from demographic information to the major topics of interest on a professional side. Semi-automatic answers and personal suggestions have been gathered and considered for the analysis. Data were captured from 386 respondents across 57 different countries, major responders were represented by the group of 31-35years old (40%). Considering professional growth, young surgeons rely on scientific research (56%), but they struggle finding adequate support of facilities. In the education and training section, fellowships and hands-on-courses (27%) were the most proficient activities. Mentorships and webinars were important to develop leadership, as well as social events to build up a professional network. This project has identified young surgeons' educational and professional needs that can inform the EAES future projects and activities.

Temporal and Thematic Analysis of Promotional Waterpipe-Related Posts on Twitter/X in the US.

Waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS), also known as hookah, shisha, or narghile, is particularly popular among young people in the United States (US). WTS poses serious health risks similar to those of cigarette smoking. Using the Twitter/X streaming API (Application Programming Interface), we collected 4,853,562 tweets between March 9, 2021, and March 14, 2023, using waterpipe-related keywords, such as "hookah" and "waterpipe". After geographical filtering to identify tweets from the US and keyword filtering for the promotional content, we identified 23,803 promotional waterpipe-related tweets. We examined trends in the posting time of these promotional waterpipe-related tweets and identified prevalent topics from these tweets using the BERTopic (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) modeling. The number of promotional waterpipe-related tweets showed an overall decreasing trend during the study period. The posting of promotional waterpipe-related tweets was more active later in the day. Major topics in the promotional tweets included "Promotion from hookah lounges and online hookah business" (63.97%, 15,227/23,803), "promoting hookah parties and events" (32.26%, 7,679/23,803), and "promoting engineered and durable hookah products" (3.77%, 897/23,803). Twitter/X accounts posting waterpipe-related promotional content have substantial variations in the number of relevant tweets (mean = 2.28, SD = 12.22) and followers (mean = 5,937, SD = 76,770). This study demonstrates a significant social media activity in promoting waterpipe tobacco smoking. Our findings underscore the urgent need to regulate the promotional content of WTS on social media and promote public health education messages on social media to counteract the promotion of WTS.

뉴스 기사 빅데이터 분석을 통한 북한이탈주민의 사회적 이슈와 언어 문제 탐색: 2019-2024

Objectives The purpose of this study is to explore social issues and language problems that appear in news articles related to North Korean defectors and to suggest their implications. Methods 561 news articles related to North Korean defectors covered by major domestic newspapers and media companies from 2019 to June 2024 were collected. For analysis tools, language network analysis and topic modeling techniques were used to analyze major keywords and topics and visualize them. In addition, based on the analysis results, social issues and language problems of North Korean defectors were explored, and Korean language education implications were presented. Results he research results are as follows. First, the amount of news coverage has been increasing significantly over the past three years, and political articles have shown an overwhelmingly high proportion. Second, the main keywords are ‘government, support, human rights, protection, and settlement’. The main topics were protection of human rights of North Korean defectors, increasing number of North Korean defectors among elites and the 2030 generation, and complaints of difficulties due to mental and economic discrimination and prejudice in the process of settling in Korea. The content of the government's integrated support policy accounted for a high proportion. Third, it was found that North Korean defectors were struggling with the language difference between North and South Korea, and Korean language education focusing on pronunciation, accent, and vocabulary in each area was necessary for them. Conclusions The main topic of the news article was the integrated support for the protection of human rights and stable settlement of North Korean defectors. However, although North Korean defectors complain of ‘difficulty’ due to economic, psychological, emotional, and linguistic differences, these related topics are hardly covered in the media. Therefore, this paper suggested implications for Korean language education research for North Korean defectors' language adaptation.

텍스트 마이닝을 활용한 국내 기본심리욕구 연구 동향 분석

Objectives The purpose of this study is to examine research trends related to basic psychological needs in Korea and identify major research topics and trends. Methods To this end, we analyzed 327 academic papers related to basic psychological needs, which were more than candidates for KCI registration published on the Academic Research Information Service. The data was preprocessed through an R program, and the results of keyword frequency analysis were visualized in a word cloud, and analyzed by topic modeling. Results First, according to the literature status, 327 journals have been published in 106 societies, including the Learner-Centered Curriculum Education Association and the Korean Youth Association. Second, in keyword frequency analysis, terms such as basic psychology, desire, research, relationship, influence, mediation, analysis, autonomy, effectiveness, satisfaction, and competence appeared as top words. Third, topic modeling results were categorized by effects on individual psychological well-being, research methods, relationships with elementary school students and psychological well-being, the influence of young people's home and school environments, the mental health of college students, and relationships with stressors in modern society. Conclusions This study is significant in that it identified the characteristics of basic psychological needs research trends in Korea by applying text mining techniques to a vast amount of information on basic psychological needs, and it can be used as useful basic data for setting the direction of basic psychological needs research and selecting research topics in the future.

Chinese Homosexuals in a Utopianised World: Active Involvement, Strategic Interactions, and Contingent Engagement with Practical Life

ABSTRACT Boys’ Love (BL), known as Danmei (耽美) in China, is a popular female-oriented male-male intimacy genre celebrated by today’s Chinese younger generation. From 2000 to 2020, BL fiction rapidly developed, becoming a major expression of male homosexuality and homoeroticism in China. This research detects the dynamics between BL fiction’s utopianized space and gay readers—a community simultaneously being the major subject of BL representation and the minority of BL fans. Conducting semi-structured interviews with three Chinese BL gay readers from high school, college, and workplace, this research delineates a representative picture of Chinese gay readers’ intentions, experiences, and opinions of involving a utopianized BL world. Using Ruth Levitas’ utopian thinking framework, this research investigates how the utopianized representations of idealized homosexual romance, arousing homoerotic behaviors, and the normalized gay everydayness in Chinese BL fiction from 2000 to 2020 can impact gay readers’ engagement with practical lives. The study argues that Chinese BL gay readers’ active involvement and strategic interactions enable them to contingently engage with their lived reality, demonstrating their subjective role as active audiences with agency. This result adds to contemporary BL studies and provides an enriched utopian thinking framework, calling for subsequent minority research to value individuals and individuality.

Recent advances in the study of serpentine plants and ecosystems: Perspectives from the 10th International Conference on Serpentine Ecology, France: Part II

AbstractThe 10th International Conference on Serpentine Ecology was held in Nancy, France on June 12–16, 2023. The main goals of the conference were to create a platform for the exchange of ideas and experiences and to promote scientific dialogue among scientists from numerous fields who share expertise in the study of ultramafic habitats worldwide. The proceedings of the conference are being published as two Special Issues of Ecological Research, of which this is the second. In this article, we present the major topics and provide some highlights of the contributions to the 10th International Conference on Serpentine Ecology.

What facilitates the socio-spatial reattachment after a disaster? A sense of place approach

Disasters disrupt the socio-spatial bonds of the people and communities that they affect. Even though there is a large body of research on the impacts that these events produce, we know less about how people reconnect to transformed environments. To understand how the re-establishment of ties is experienced, in this study, we examine how sense of place develops in post-disaster settings. We conducted 18 group interviews and 80 walking interviews (n=205), distributed across three cases of emblematic disasters in Chile caused by a volcanic eruption, an earthquake and tsunami, and a fire. We used thematic analysis to examine these interviews. Results show that sense of place, in connection with the re-establishment of bonds, is produced in the assemblage of natural, material, personal, and community aspects, grouped into three major topics: appropriation of space, opening of the self, and community activation. We discuss the relevance of natural landscapes and socio-ecological networks for well-being, as well as the need to address the psychosocial working-through dimension in reconstruction policies. We conclude that sense of place is an integrative theoretical-analytic tool that makes it possible to examine the configurations of socio-spatial reattachment in individuals affected by disasters.

Concussion in Female Athletes of Contact Sports: A Scoping Review.

Recent studies have described higher incidences of concussion, with more severe symptoms and worse outcomes in female athletes compared with male athletes. To compile current knowledge about sex-specific differences in incidence, biomechanics, biomarkers, imaging, and outcomes of concussion in athletes participating in contact sports to better understand which fields should be explored in more detail. Scoping review; Level of evidence, 3. The PubMed database was searched for articles published between January 2000 and November 2020 using the Medical Subject Headings terms "craniocerebral trauma" and "brain concussion" combined with the contact sports "football,""soccer,""hockey," and "boxing." Eligibility criteria were based on the recommendations of the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. It focused on sex-specific differences within 5 major topics: (1) epidemiology, (2) biomechanics, (3) biomarkers, (4) imaging, and (5) specific concussion outcome variables, including neurocognitive performance, injury severity, and behavioral and psychological symptoms. A total of 22 studies were included. Eight studies investigated the incidence of concussion, with 4 of the 8 finding a significantly higher incidence rate for female versus male athletes. Six studies that focused on biomechanics found that female athletes received fewer impacts with lower magnitudes. One study addressed biomarkers, showing that S100 calcium-binding protein B and neuron-specific enolase were increased after a game in female athletes, and the level of increase was similar to the changes found in male athletes. Based on the 3 imaging studies, affected brain tissue was greatest in areas associated with tau pathology in chronic traumatic encephalopathy. One study showed a lower hypointensity burden index after a season of ice hockey for female athletes, while another study showed more regions with white matter alterations. Seven studies examined concussion outcomes, with 4 studies showing more severe neuropsychological deficits; in addition, female athletes reported more and worse symptoms than male athletes. The results of this review indicated that female athletes had a higher risk of sustaining a concussion, although they received fewer impacts with lower magnitudes than male athletes. Biomarkers were able to be used equally for both sexes. Female athletes also had a higher neuropsychological deficit and increasingly worse symptoms after a concussion.

Lived experiences of working-age polytrauma patients in XX - A qualitative Analysis

BackgroundSurvivors of a major trauma experience a range of difficulties in relation to the reduction in physical, psychosocial, and cognitive functions, which can result in a reduced health-related quality of life. This study aims to explore lived experiences of major trauma survivors in the XX healthcare system. MethodsSemi-structured exploratory interviews were performed with nine major trauma survivors (18-55 years; Injury Severity Score ≥16). For exploratory analyses, an artificial intelligence-based coding software was used. Further, results were clustered by using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework (ICF). ResultsCommunication was one of the major topics concerning amongst others diverting opinions between different healthcare disciplines and a general lack of information. The participants showed a high demand for a contact person. Furthermore, social support was essential during recovery for those interviewed. Social network was not only important as emotional and physical support but also for overcoming of gaps in the healthcare system. The support by employers and colleagues seemed to be beneficial for our participants in relation to returning to work. Further, psychological consequences of trauma, and that mobility is a key factor for quality of life, self-efficacy and return to work were discussed. DiscussionThe qualitative analyses highlight several topics such as communication, burden of sickness, support systems that the participants mentioned as important along their journey through the healthcare system during recovery. Through the ICF model the interplay of certain components that influenced the outcome of the major trauma survivors was visualized. ImplicationsThese results might offer a deepened understanding of modifiable components of a patient pathway in recovery process such as improvements of patient communication, provision of a contact person and others.

Bio-mediated enhancement of supergene copper mineralization: Evidence from Cu isotope geochemistry

The relationship between microbial activity and the supergene modification of ore systems has been a major subject of debate. Here, we present isotopic evidence of microbial-driven secondary copper mineralization in the active cementation zone of the Las Cruces deposit, a volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit located in Iberian Pyrite Belt, Spain. Copper isotopic data show that the lower isotopic ratios (δ65Cu ≈ −9.2 ± 0.11 ‰, the lowest value measured worldwide in a supergene environment) are found in the upper part of the cementation zone, the same zone where the maximum copper grades are found and where there is direct evidence of extremophilic microbial activity. There is a tendency towards higher values downwards through the cementation zone (−9.2 ± 0.11 ‰ to + 1.67 ± 0.11 ‰ δ65Cu) and upwards into the former Cu-depleted gossan that originally capped the cementation zone (−7.79 ± 0.11 ‰ to −1.32 ± 0.11 ‰ δ65Cu). As microbes preferentially sequester the lighter isotope when incorporating intracellular Cu, this distribution indicates that microbes played a major role in the formation of the high-grade zones. Water arrives to the deposit enriched in isotopically heavy copper, likely because it has leached other ore bodies upstream. δ65Cu values of water currently flowing into the system are remarkably more positive than those in the ore, indicating that microbial activity is a major cause of copper isotope fractionation. At least half of the copper transported by the incoming waters remains within the ore body. Our best interpretation is that the large and high-grade cementation zone at Las Cruces is of biogenic origin, and that the primary mineralization acted as a trap for copper transported by groundwater, leading to the formation of an exotic mineralization distal to sub-eroded massive sulfides located upstream.

Проявление агентности студенчества в проектном обучении: кейс федерального университета

According to experts, there will be a growing demand for hybrid and multidisciplinary specialists with advanced cognitive skills, emotional intelligence, and technological and social competence by 2030. These professionals will be able to make independent and innovative decisions in a rapidly changing labor market. The system of higher professional education faces the challenge of addressing the quantitative and qualitative shortage of young professionals. In this context, the topic of modernizing personnel training includes the introduction and active promotion of project-based learning. Project-based training should promote the agency of students as young professionals by transferring them within the framework of training from passive behavior to active independent actions, effective interaction with the professional community, disclosure of leadership potential, development of initiative and readiness to design new interdisciplinary solutions. The manifestations of student agency in project-based learning is an urgent issue on the research agenda and management practice of universities. The aim of the study was to investigate the key features of UrFU students' agency, as manifested in their project-based learning experiences. The article presents the findings from a survey conducted among students (N=1,070) using a quota sampling method in 2024 (including sex, training level and major subject). The survey error does not exceed 3 percent. According to the survey results, the relevance of key features of agency and project-based learning was established. It was empirically proved that project-based learning encourages independent, proactive behavior, promotes the development of leadership qualities, and enhances students' innovative potential.

텍스트마이닝을 활용한 사회적 경제 분야 국내 연구 동향 분석 : 사회적기업과 소셜벤처를 중심으로

Social enterprises and social ventures, which constitute the actors of the social economy, are assuming the role of the 'third sector' by addressing a multitude of social issues that are not addressed by public and private companies. In this context, it is meaningful to gain an understanding of the characteristics of the social economy and the areas of study that fall within its remit. Accordingly, this study examines the defining characteristics and current research trends of social enterprises and social ventures, two pivotal entities within the social economy. Furthermore, it employs big data methods to analyse extensive data sets pertaining to social enterprises and social ventures. The abstracts of academic research on social enterprises and social ventures were extracted from the Research Information Service (RISS). Subsequently, three analytical techniques were employed in sequence: 1) word frequency and TF-IDF analysis, 2) co-occurrence network analysis, and 3) LDA-based topic modelling analysis. The results of the word frequency and TF-IDF analysis indicate that the economic aspects of social enterprises and their analysis represent a significant research area. Additionally, it can be concluded that research on organisational characteristics, their impact, and the value of the social economy is actively being conducted. Secondly, the 'co-occurrence word network' analysis demonstrated that research pertaining to social enterprises constitutes a pivotal topic within this field. The data analysis outcomes are of considerable significance, with the economic aspect of social enterprises and the purpose of enterprises also representing major research topics. Thirdly, eight themes were extracted through a comprehensive consideration of the implications of LDA-based topic extraction. The results demonstrated that social enterprises and social ventures are active in a multitude of fields, with a particular focus on the role and importance of various aspects, including consumer relations, support for individuals with disabilities, cultural access, urban regeneration, investment and responsibility, and partnerships. This demonstrates that social economy enterprises are playing a role in addressing social issues. The value of this study lies in its ability to draw inferences from the aforementioned research trends in the social economy domain through the utilisation of text mining analytical techniques. This study aspires to contribute to the formulation of prospective research directions in the field of social economy, with a foundation in the analysed research trends.

Applying the Panarchy Framework to Examining Post-Pandemic Adaptation in the Undergraduate Medical Education Environment: A Qualitative Study

Phenomenon: The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated an abrupt shift to online medical education, disrupting learning across knowledge, skills, and social connections. Post-pandemic, medical schools must evaluate how these disruptions shaped student experiences to optimize the return to in-person learning. Approach: This cross-sectional qualitative study explored medical students’ perceptions of their learning environment during the post-pandemic reintegration period in Oman. Fifty-four preclinical and clinical students participated in six focus group interviews. Content analysis identified key topics characterizing students’ perceptions of change and change processes in the post-pandemic learning environment. The panarchy framework, developed to characterize complex adaptive systems in nature, was used to frame the results. Findings: The return to in-person environments presented a mix of renewed connectivity, involving collaborative benefits alongside transitional adjustment strains. Five major topics characterizing student perceptions of change and change processes in their post-pandemic learning environment were identified: learning skills, developing clinical competence, faculty interactions, physical atmosphere, and social connections. Managing academic schedules and cognitive load as the learning environment opened challenged students’ learning skills. Learners valued a renewed opportunity for interactive application of knowledge through collaboration, patient contact, and empathy skill-building to feel prepared for future practice. Returning to in-person instruction renewed a sense of community and peer support networks disrupted by pandemic isolation. Some students continued to struggle with study-life imbalance and felt ill-equipped to handle post-pandemic demands. Improved access to student support and wellness services was emphasized to ease transitional stresses. Students defined an ideal learning climate as supportive, active, personalized, relevant, challenging, accessible, and collaborative. Insights: While pandemic disruptions posed challenges, they provide opportunities to strengthen the educational system’s resilience moving forward. Our findings highlight an opportunity for medical educators and learners to capitalize on the innovations that emerged during this period, integrating technology with interactive learning activities and reconnecting students with the core values of the medical profession. Applying the panarchy framework to frame this adaptive process could enable the tracking of multi-level interactions within the medical education environment and the evaluation of interventions targeted at identified areas of concern. Further exploration to achieve complete mapping of specific environmental domains onto the panarchical cycles merits future investigation to build integrated resilience frameworks.

Health-Related Quality of Life of Adolescents With Non-transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia in Basrah, Iraq.

Thalassemia is a chronic inherited disease with the potential for serious clinical and psychological effects. In the case of thalassemia, a cure is not currently accessible, and lifelong treatment is required. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is considered a crucial health outcome. This study aims to assess the HRQoL of children and adolescents with non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia (NTDT) and compare it with that of beta-thalassemia major (β-TM) and healthy subjects. This case-control study included 88 patients with NTDT and 153 age- and gender-matched healthy children and adolescents. In addition, we included 70 registered patients with β-TM. We used the short-form health survey questionnaire to assess HRQoL. Of the 88 patients, 41 were diagnosed with alpha-thalassemia intermedia (α-TI; hemoglobin H disease), and 47 were with beta-thalassemia intermedia (β-TI). HRQoL domains were significantly higher in healthy children and adolescents compared to NTDT patients (P<0.001); the role emotion domain was the most affected in NTDT patients (51.92 ± 3.37), followed by general health (52.72 ± 3.05) and role physical (53.59 ± 3.13). α-TI patients had significantly higher HRQoL domains than patients with β-TI. The study also indicated that NTDT patients had significantly better QoL scores compared to β-TM patients (P<0.001) across all domains. NTDT patients have a lower HRQoL compared to healthy controls. However, their HRQoL scores are significantly better than those of patients with β-TM. Among NTDT patients, those with α-TI have significantly better HRQoL scores compared to patients with β-TI.

Public Perceptions of the Food and Drug Administration's Regulatory Authority Over Synthetic Nicotine on Twitter: Observational Study.

The Omnibus Budget Bill, known as H. R. 2471, passed through Congress on March 10, 2022, and was eventually signed by President Biden on March 15, 2022. This bill amended the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act granting the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory authority over synthetic nicotine. This study aims to examine the public perceptions of the Omnibus Bill that regulates synthetic nicotine products as tobacco products on Twitter (rebranded as X). Through the X streaming application programming interface, we collected and identified 964 tweets related to the Omnibus Bill on synthetic nicotine between March 8, 2022, and April 13, 2022. The longitudinal trend was used to examine the discussions related to the bill over time. An inductive method was used for the content analysis of related tweets. By hand-coding 200 randomly selected tweets by 2 human coders respectively with high interrater reliability, the codebook was developed for relevance, major topics, and attitude to the bill, which was used to single-code the rest of the tweets. Between March 8, 2022, and April 13, 2022, we identified 964 tweets related to the Omnibus Bill regulating synthetic nicotine. Our longitudinal trend analysis showed a spike in the number of tweets related to the bill during the immediate period following the bill's introduction, with roughly half of the tweets identified being posted between March 8 and 11, 2022. A majority of the tweets (497/964, 51.56%) had a negative sentiment toward the bill, while a much smaller percentage of tweets (164/964, 17.01%) had a positive sentiment toward the bill. Around 31.43% (303/964) of all tweets were categorized as objective news or questions about the bill. The most popular topic for opposing the bill was users believing that this bill would lead users back to smoking (145/497, 29.18%), followed by negative implications for small vape businesses (122/497, 24.55%) and government or FDA mistrust (94/497, 18.91%). The most popular topic for supporting the bill was that this bill would take a dangerous tobacco product targeted at teens off the market (94/164, 57.32%). We observed a more negative sentiment toward the bill on X, largely due to users believing it would lead users back to smoking and negatively impact small vape businesses. This study provides insight into public perceptions and discussions of this bill on X and adds valuable information for future regulations on alternative nicotine products.