Majority Of Fathers Research Articles

Knowledge, Attitude, and Perceptions (KAP) Of Parents Regarding Risks For Unintentional Childhood Injuries

Background: Unintentional Injuries in childhood can have long-term and short-term impacts on the child and family. As their nature is to be curious about their environment, children tend to have falls and accidents. Parents, being the main caregivers, are responsible for their physical safety. From a research point of view, in a low economic setting such as India, there is knowledge of the prevalence and type of injuries but not the parental perspective. This study attempts to understand the knowledge, perception, and attitude of parents toward the risks of unintentional injuries. Methodology: 191 mothers and 149 fathers completed a survey questionnaire; followed by a demographic and percentage analysis. Results: The current study found that the majority of fathers and mothers agree on similar components of Knowledge and Attitude. However, there was a significant difference in the perception of risk and hazard concerning the severity. Conclusion: This forms the basis for outlining customized programs to equip parents in assisting with the safety aspect of their children. The strengths and limitations are mentioned. The findings have domestic, social, and healthcare policy-level implications.

Fathers’ perceived role, self-efficacy and support needs in promoting positive nutrition and physical activity in the first 2000 days of life: a mixed methods study

BackgroundThe first 2000 days of life are a crucial and opportunistic time to promote positive dietary and physical activity behaviours that can continue throughout life. The bulk of research on the impact of parents promoting positive dietary and physical activity behaviours has been on mothers, with the impact of fathers rarely investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate fathers’ perceived role, self-efficacy and support needs in promoting positive dietary and physical activity behaviours in early childhood.MethodsA sequential explanatory mixed methods study design consisted of a cross sectional survey of Australian fathers (n = 200) from a convenience sample, followed by semi-structured qualitative interviews (n = 21) with a purposeful sample of Australian fathers.ResultsQuantitative survey data revealed that more than 90.0% of fathers agreed that it is important to role model healthy eating and participating in physical activity with their babies, toddlers and children. A majority of fathers were confident in getting their child to eat fruit/ vegetables (90%) and playing with their child (80%). When searching for information about nutrition and physical activity, the highest proportion of fathers nominated online sources (52%) as their preferred source in survey data. Qualitative interview data revealed that while fathers exhibited high self-efficacy in their abilities, this was susceptible to deterioration due to feelings of isolation, pressures of fatherhood, a lack of information and resources that are father specific, and difficulties navigating the different types of information/resources to find what is right for them.ConclusionsAlthough possessing self-efficacy, being committed and seeking knowledge, many fathers found that useful information was hard to find and understand. Appropriate resources are therefore required to support the specific needs of fathers to promote positive dietary and physical activity behaviours in their infants and young children.

Routine childhood immunization knowledge: Do fathers who accompany their children for immunization differ from those who accompany their children for circumcision?

Background: Paternal involvement in child care activities especially immunization is being advocated as their involvement portend better outcomes. Compliance with circumcision another child care activity is much higher than for childhood immunization.
 Method: Fathers who accompanied their children for immunization were recruited at the immunization centre while fathers who accompanied their male infants for circumcision were recruited at Accident and Emergency theatre where circumcisions are performed. Demographic information was obtained as well as information on the knowledge of fathers about immunization.
 Results: There were 103 fathers accompanying children for immunization and circumcision respectively. Mean age of those who accompanied for immunization 34.47±5.68 years was significantly younger than 36.91±4.54 years for fathers who accompanied for cirCC –BY 4.0 cumcision p<0.0008. Fathers who accompanied for circumcision were significantly more educated p<0.0001 and were significantly more likely to know the names of the vaccines administered and potential side effect s / complications of vaccines. Fathers who accompanied for immunization were significantly more likely to know the age at commencement and completion of immunization although a significant proportion of both groups were not knowledgeable about these dates.
 Conclusion: Majority of fathers were not knowledgeable about immunization. All opportunities for contact with fathers especially when they accompany their children for health care activities should be used to educate them about immunization and its importance.

A Comparative Study on Parent-child Relationship as Perceived by Parents of Haryana

Parent-child relationship refers to the unique and enduring bond between a caregiver and his or her child. The study was conducted in Haryana state purposively. Two districts, Hisar and Bhiwani were selected randomly from Haryana state on the basis of rural female literacy rate i.e. in between 65%. The total sample of 200 adolescent girls and 200 parents (200 mothers & 200 fathers) were selected for the study, thus making a total sample of 600. Family Environment Scale (FES) developed by Moos (1974) was used to measure the socio-economic climate of family as perceived by the adolescent and their parents. Result revealed that in Hisar district, majority of fathers’ and mothers had secure relationship followed by avoidant relationship and disorganized relationship. Result further reflects that, In Bhiwani district, majority of mothers and fathers,opined that they had secure relationship followed by ambivalent relationship and avoidant relationship. Data clearly indicated secure parent-child relationship in majority of the families.

A Cross-Sectional Study: Animal and Vegetable Protein Intake Among Preschool Children

Protein is one of the macronutrients needed in child growth, which can be obtained from animal and plant foodstuffs. Protein intake gets more attention because energy-protein malnutrition is more common in children under five. Protein nutrition for children must be fulfilled to prevent growth retardation in the next phase. This research aims to establish a profile of preschool children's animal and vegetable protein intake. This type of research is descriptive observational with a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted at Bina Anasprasa Nuris Jember Kindergarden in March 2023. The sample in this study was preschool children aged 3-5 years, totaling 53 people who were taken by purposive sampling. Food consumption data for children was obtained using the 1x24-hour food recall method. Processing and analysis of data using univariate analysis. Preschool girls have more than boys (67.9% and 32.1%). The majority of mothers are not working/housewives (62.3%), while the majority of fathers are self-employed (45.3%). Most families have income above the 2023 Jember UMK (62.3%). Nutritional status with indicators of weight/age, height/age, weight/height of all preschool children has normal, normal, and good nutritional status (100%). Total protein intake increased slightly for boys and families whose income was above the minimum wage. Meanwhile, the intake of vegetable and animal protein sources in preschool children is similar but slightly higher in vegetable protein. Animal protein food ingredients still have high biological value because they contain all essential amino acids compared to vegetable protein. Therefore, preschoolers need to increase their consumption of animal protein food ingredients in their daily diet.

A Study to assess the impact of Pandemic Restrictions on Psychosocial well being among school going children in Pediatric ward and outpatient department of JMMC and RI, Thrissur

The descriptive study to assess the impact of pandemic restrictions on psychosocial well-being among school going children and find the association between selected socio-demographic variables and impact of pandemic restrictions on psychosocial well-being among school going children. Methodology: The study was conducted among 100 school going children in pediatric ward and outpatient department of JMMC & RI, Thrissur. The research design used was descriptive design and sampling technique was purposive sampling. Data collected through questionnaires. Tool was divided in to two sections, section A – sociodemographic and clinical data questionnaire and section B- Modified Multi-dimensional student life satisfaction scale. Result: It shows that 1. Socio-demographic data: Out of the 100 samples Majority of 53(53%) children belongs to the age group of 10-12 years, 60(60%) were males, 41(41%) belongs to Muslim community, Half of them are studying in Vth standard, 57(57%) are studying in state syllabus. Majority of fathers, 49(49%) belongs to the age group of 31-40 years, 27(27%) have educational status of both primary and secondary education, 96(96%) are working. Majority of mothers, 61(61%) belongs to the age group of 31-40 years, 33(33%) have educational status of degree, 75(75%) are not working. Majority of family income, 52(52%) are having the income between 15,000-25, 000 rupees. Majority of their family's, 76(76%) belongs to nuclear family, 55(55%) have the presence of grandparents, 63(63%) has no COVID-19 history, 57(57%) has knowledge about COVID-19 and 95(95%) has no significant history of mental/social illness. The overall distribution of samples showed 55(55%) has moderate psychosocial well-beings, 45(45%) has high psychosocial well-being and 0(0%) has low psychosocial well-being. There is significant association (p<0.05) between socio demographic variable sex (χ2= 5.093, p <0.023) with psychosocial Well-being of school going children. As out of the 100 samples there were 574 (14.35%) has given the response as ‘Never’, 357(8.92%) has given the response as ‘Sometimes’, 595(14.88%) has given the response ‘Often’, 2474(61.85%) has given the response as ‘Almost often’ to the questionnaire given in the modified multidimensional students life satisfaction scale. From the scoring, we found that 55(55%) has moderate psychosocial well-being and 45(45%) has high psychosocial well-being. Moreover, we found that there is no evidence of low psychosocial Well-being among school going children during the pandemic restriction time period. As compared to the male children, female children have high psychosocial well-being.

Review of Maqāsid al-Syarī'ah Concerning the Fulfillment of Child Rights Post-Divorce in Budi Aji Village, Simpang Pematang District, Mesuji Regency

Divorces is often lead to multiple violations of children's rights due to parental conflicts. Therefore, this research reviewed maqāsid al-syarī'ah on the fulfillment of children's rights after divorce in Budi Aji Village, Simpang Pematang District, Mesuji Regency. It was field research and employed a descriptive qualitative method. Data were gathered by observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, and accompanied by inductive analysis. Subsequently, this research found that the fulfillment of children's rights following parental divorce in the village has been sub-optimal. The majority of fathers are unemployed and unable to fulfill their obligations of providing a living, attention, and affection for children. The contributing factor is the fathers’ irresponsibility, which impedes the achievement of maintenance benefits to the children’s life (hifz an-nafs). These findings may have implications for the need to increase the understanding of divorced parents regarding the fulfillment of children's rights and the importance of the role of the extended family in ensuring offspring are not neglected.

Health and Nutritional Status of Children (0-6 Years age) in Rural Field Practice Area of Katihar Medical College

Introduction: India has a sizeable child population. The 2011 census in the first one in many decades which counted less absolute number of children in the 0-6 years age group compared to 2001 census count of 164 million children, there were 159 million children in 2011. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural field practice area of Katihar Medical College situated around 5 km away from Katihar. A total of 600 under six children were approached for conducting the present study, of which 592 were interviewed and selected for the study. Results: Out of 592 children 216 (36.4%) children were exclusively breast feed. Further it was observed that majority i.e. 137 (63.43%) of the children were normal in whom exclusive breast feeding was practiced. It was observed that out of the 548 fully immunized for age children a maximum i.e. 288 (52.55%) were normal. Maximum i.e. 11 (73.33 %) of the unimmunized children were under nutrition. Majority of the children were less than 24 months of age, number of female children were slightly higher than male children. Majority of the children were Muslims followed by Hindus and only one child was Christian. Maximum number of children belonged to class IV followed by class III socio-economic class, according to modified Kuppuswamy classification. Discussion: According to occupation of the father and nutritional status. Majority of the fathers were involved in unskilled occupation or semiskilled occupation i.e. 356 (60.13%). Unemployed fathers had a higher proportion of under nutrition children 7(58.33%), followed by fathers involved in unskilled /semiskilled work 183(51.4%). Fathers involved in semi-professional/professional occupation had maximum proportion of normal children 7(77.78%). Conclusion: Majority of the children belonged to nuclear type of family. The literacy percentage was slightly higher in fathers than in mothers. Majority of fathers were labourers followed by clerical work or owned .....

The Impact of Taking Family Leaves Across Finnish Fathers’ Wage Distribution

AbstractEvidence is mixed as to whether less- or more-advantaged fathers suffer penalties for taking paid family leave and the reasons for this. Perhaps selection into taking leave differs among fathers, or taking leave increases some fathers’ commitment to family over paid work, or taking it sends a negative signal to employers about future work-family priorities. We contribute to the literature by distinguishing between the initial paternity leave taken by the majority of fathers, and subsequent solo paternal leave taken by fewer fathers that indicates and signals greater family commitment. We also develop competing hypotheses about why low- or high-wage fathers may be penalized more for taking family leave. These are tested analyzing 2001 to 2014 waves of Finnish administrative panel data using unconditional quantile regression with various fixed-effects models. Net of selection, no fathers incur a sustained wage penalty for taking paternity leave, although distributed fixed-effects models reveal the highest-wage fathers receive a temporary penalty that we attribute to signaling. All fathers who also take solo paternal leave have decreasing post-leave wage trajectories. Only lower-wage fathers accrue significant penalties, however, suggesting that taking the leave shifts their priorities more toward family. We conclude the repercussions of taking shorter or longer family leaves and their sources differ across fathers’ wage distribution.

Paternal self-efficacy in the patriarchal culture of Kupang city, Indonesia

Paternal self-efficacy is an attribute related to the involvement and motivation of fathers. Individuals who have high self-efficacy will show a greater motivation to achieve a particular goal. This study aims to describe the socio-demographic characteristics and paternal self-efficacy of fathers in the city of Kupang. We applied a cross-sectional approach using cluster random sampling to a sample of 150 men in Kupang, Indonesia. A socio-demographic questionnaire and a general self-efficacy questionnaire comprised of the instruments used in this study. The results show that the majority of fathers in Kupang are in late adulthood, highly educated, have jobs, have income higher than the minimum regional income of Kupang, have two or more children, and have high paternal self-efficacy. Even in their patriarchal society, fathers in Kupang show high paternal self-efficacy. Higher paternal self-efficacy is a foundation for involving males in childbearing periods in their families.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Parents on the Importance of Their Children's Oral Health in Greater Noida, India

Background: Parents and family members are considered the primary source for knowledge about child rearing and health habits for children. Young children's oral health maintenance and outcomes are influenced by their parent's knowledge and beliefs, which affect oral hygiene and healthy eating habits. Parental perception has a long-term influence in determining a child's oral health status. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the oral health-related knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of parents with children aged 3–5 years. Materials and Methods: A total of 500 parents of children aged 3 to 5 years were included in the study. A self-administered questionnaire, written both in English and local language (Hindi), validated through pre-tested survey, was given to the parents to assess the oral health related KAP. The results were calculated on the basis of frequency and percentages using the SPSS software. Results: Males comprised 49.8% and females comprised 50.2% of the respondents of questionnaire. Majority of fathers and mothers of the study population agreed for the importance of primary teeth. Almost all the participants in this study agreed that a child's teeth should be brushed/cleaned. A little less than half of study population considered 1 year as the suitable age for the child's first dental visit. A higher proportion of females as compared to males felt that night time bottle/breastfeeding leads to caries. Conclusion: Parental attitude, knowledge, and practices are responsible for their child's oral health. No statistical significance was seen between mothers and fathers on perception of their child's oral health care.

A pilot examination of the inter-rater reliability of the 18-item Household Food Security Module between cohabiting mothers and fathers.

Food insecurity, defined as the inability to access sufficient food for an active, healthy life, affects 11.1% of the US population and is primarily assessed using the United States Department of Agriculture's (USDA) 18-item Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM). The HFSSM is a self-report measure presumed to represent all household members, but it is unknown if cohabiting parents report food security differently. This pilot study aimed to determine (i) the inter-rater reliability of the HFSSM; (ii) the direction of any difference between responses to the HFSSM; and (iii) the item-level response similarities and differences among mothers and fathers of young children. Twenty-five pairs of low-income, food-insecure cohabiting parents of 2.5- to 10-year-old children participated in cognitive interviews assessing their level of food security using the USDA's HFSSM and completed related questionnaires. Intraclass correlations were computed to compare the responses of each dyad on the HFSSM overall and by item. Results revealed that overall report of food security was significantly but weakly correlated (r = .40, p = .02) within dyads. The majority of fathers (60%) reported higher food security scores on the HFSSM than their respective female partners. Furthermore, item-level intraclass correlations revealed that some HFSSM questions had poor reliability between cohabiting parents. This research identifies that a potential shortcoming of the HFSSM is the under-reporting of food insecurity by fathers compared with mothers within the household. These findings have implications for the utility of this measure used in national monitoring of the nation's food security.

Assess the Attitude on Breastfeeding among Fathers of Infants at Selected Hospital, Salem

United Nations Childrens’ Emergency Fund (UNICEF) states that “every year, over one million infantsdie and millions of others are impaired, because they are not adequately/exclusively breastfed. A women’sdecision to initiate and continue breastfeeding is influenced by her attitude towards breastfeeding as well asthe breastfeeding attitudes of significant referent people. The aim of this study was to assess the attitude offathers on breast feeding which plays a significant role in its practice by the mothers. Quantitative approachwith a descriptive research design was used. Sixty fathers of infants who were accompanying their wives/children in the pediatric OPD of a tertiary hospital in Salem were selected through purposive samplingtechnique. Structured Interview schedule was used to collect the demographic variables & Five point likertscale was used to collect attitude of fathers. Data was calculated using descriptive & inferential statistics.Findings revealed that majority of fathers had positive attitude (98.4%) and only 1.6% had neutral attitudetowards breast feeding.

Inadequate nutrients intake and wasting status among adolescent students in Small Island of Indonesia

The study aimed to explore nutrients intake and wasting among adolescent students in a small island of Makassar city, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The study involved 103 students grade 8th and 9th using cross sectional design. Nutrients (calorie, protein, and lipid) intake was collected within two consecutive days using food recall 24h questionnaire. It was analyzed using Nutrisurvey and categorized based on Indonesian Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for adolescents. Categorization of wasting was based on the WHO Reference 2007 BMI for age. Chi-square and T-test were performed to test the variables. Mean age of sample was 13.5±0.6 years and mostly girls. Majority of fathers' occupation was fisherman and mothers as housewife which have monthly incomes less than minimum wages of city. Only 24.5% and 13.6% of adolescents consume adequate calorie and protein, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed that there the significant correlation between gender, have urticarial and nutrients intake (P<0.05). However, diarrhea, mother educational level, monthly parents' wages and wasting were not correlate with nutrients intake (P>0.05). Adolescents living in small island are prone to inadequate nutrient intakes, particularly calorie and protein. Gender and urticarial are correlated significantly with nutrient intakes.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of fathers about childhood immunization: a tertiary care hospital based cross sectional study

Background: Immunization is globally recognized as one of the most powerful, safe, and cost-effective for the prevention/control of some childhood diseases. Father's involvement is essential for the successful immunization of the child, as man is the head of the family and he takes responsibility for all decision’s measures including health and financial issues. Fathers having good knowledge of RI are likely to encourage their children to assess immunization services. This study thus aimed at assessing the knowledge, attitude and practice of fathers, uptake of RI and its associated factors. To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of fathers about childhood immunization.Methods: After obtaining institutional ethical clearance we interviewed 110 fathers who have children within the age group 9 months to 2 years who attended the pediatric OP and their knowledge, attitude and practice about immunization was analyzed.Results: Out of 110 fathers interviewed majority come from joint family (91.8%) and had secondary education only (42.7%). Majority were skilled workers (65.5%). Only 0.9% had child death in their family and only 2.7% had a history of vaccine preventable disease in their family. Only 10.9% had good knowledge, 99.09% had good attitude and only 32.7% had good practice.Conclusions: It was found that majority of fathers had poor knowledge and practice about childhood immunization. More awareness programs have to be done in order to improve the routine immunization.

Study on Dietary Pattern and Nutritional Status of School Going Children in Navaron, Jashore, Bangladesh

This study estimated nutritional status and dietary intake levels as well as relevant knowledge about the School Children of Navaron, Jashore, Bangladesh using questionnaire survey data. In terms of physical and mental development, nutritional status directly affects the growth of children. In urban slums, underprivileged children fall behind the minimum amount of food and nutrition that is likely to lead to their poor development. This research is a cross-sectional analysis of 80 school-going children who are village residents in various parts of Navaron, Jashore. A stratified random cluster sampling has been used in 5 schools to select 53 boys and 27 girls aged 10-18. Information was obtained from the students being questioned directly. Among the children surveyed, we found that the majority of fathers of the respondents were farmers (33.75 %) and their monthly income was around 10,000 T.K. The child received three meals per day in 90 percent of the cases, albeit inadequately. It was found that 56.25 % of the respondent drink water from deep tube well and 42.50 % from Tube well, 66.25 % take nutritional supplements and their type of supplement is vitamins/minerals (61.25 %), about 31.25% kids take fast foods few days a week and most of the children do not participate in physical activity, of about 81.25 %. We found kids from low-income and less-educated families had a dietary pattern which is poor in terms of balanced diet. These urban slum school children's diets were inadequate for macronutrients and micronutrients, which poses a threat to significant nutritional and health consequences. It is important to emphasize the need to develop healthy food supply and habits.

Medical and social characteristics of families and psychological characteristics of mothers of children born with a body weight of less than 1500 g

In order to study the medical and social characteristics of families, an analysis of the biological and social history of mothers and fathers of children born with a body weight less than 1500 was carried out. To identify the psychological characteristics, mothers were tested.It has been established that the social characteristics of the families of children born with a body weight of less than 1500 g was favorable – most families were two-parent, had satisfactory living conditions, mothers and fathers of these children were working and had education not lower than secondary special. The majority of fathers (80%) considered themselves healthy, the state of health of mothers was characterized by a high frequency of somatic pathology, only 27% of women were healthy. The majority of fathers and mothers noted the impact of occupational hazards, while the mothers’ adverse factors were mainly associated with intellectual activity, and the fathers – with physical labor. Half of mothers and 70% of fathers belonged to the age group of 30 years and older. Despite the favorable characteristics of reproductive behavior at the stage of pregravid preparation and in the first trimester of pregnancy, mothers who gave birth to children weighing less than 1500 g were characterized by an unfavorable obstetric gynecological history and a high incidence of gynecological pathology. Psychological features of mothers consisted in a high frequency of accentuation of hyperthymic character traits, a desire to emphasize determination and masculinity, anxiety, impulsivity, which may indicate a compensatory reaction to a stressful situation – the birth of a premature baby. This is also indicated by the high frequency of psychosomatic (45.9%) and authoritarian (29.5%) types of attitude to the problems of the child. In this regard, only 62.2% of mothers established optimal emotional contact with the child by the end of the neonatal period. The revealed psychological characteristics of mothers require early psychological and psychotherapeutic correction to successfully overcome the stress of giving birth to a premature baby and consolidate all the efforts of a woman for habilitation.

The Effect of Secondhand Smoking on Dental Caries among Schoolchildren in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study.

Aim:The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between dental caries and exposure to secondhand smoking in mixed teeth among Saudi children.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was designed to target schoolchildren aged between 6 and 13 years in their mixed dentition stage. A cluster random sample of schools teaching first to sixth grades from different regions in Riyadh city was used. Data were obtained by self-reported questionnaires and clinical dental examinations. Questionnaires comprised sections related to sociodemographic, behavioral, health characteristics, and questions related to mother and father smoking status, type, and duration of smoking, and whether parents smoked inside homes or not. The clinical dental examination was based on the basic methods of the World Health Organization criteria for decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) (1997). Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, t test, and one-way analysis of variance.Results:Of the 302 participating schoolchildren, 56% were females, 72% were Saudi nationals, and 84% were of normal weight. Of the total 3246 teeth examined, DMFT was found in 1922 teeth (mean DMFT = 6.36). Only eight mothers (2.7%) were smokers, seven of them smoked inside their homes. Majority of fathers were smokers (110, 37%) and 82% smoked inside their houses. It had been found that 26% of schoolchildren were exposed to secondhand smoking. The mean DMF scores were higher among schoolchildren with smoking fathers and mothers, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.05).Conclusion:The DMFT among Saudi schoolchildren was 6.36. Children, who are exposed to secondhand smoking by their family members, are more likely to have dental caries in their mixed dentitions.

The direct and indirect effects of couples’ attachment relationship on children’s depression

The present study examined whether there is any direct or indirect association between couples’ attachment relationship and depressive symptoms experienced by their children. Having in mind the importance of the caregiving role of both mothers and fathers, the initial aim of the study was to collect data about the couple’s attachment relationship, from the two parents. Unfortunately, the overwhelming majority of fathers were unwilling to provide information regarding their attachment relationship. That’s why it was finally decided to collect data about the couple’s attachment from mothers only. For the same reason, only mothers’ parenting style was used as the mediating factor, in order to test any possible indirect effects, between couples’ attachment relationship and children’s depression. More specifically, three kinds of parenting style were examined, the authoritative, the authoritarian, and the permissive style. The results of the study revealed that mothers who experience higher levels of attachment anxiety tend to apply an authoritarian parenting style and this specific parenting style is significantly associated with higher depressive symptoms in children. Additionally, mothers who experience higher levels of attachment avoidance tend to behave in an authoritarian way towards their children, and this parenting style is also associated with higher depression in children.

Understanding recurrent care proceedings: Competing risks of how mothers and fathers enter subsequent care proceedings in England

BackgroundDespite progress in understanding mothers' (re)appearances within family justice, fathers have not yet received due attention in research on recurrent care proceedings.&#x0D; Aims&#x0D; &#x0D; Compare parents' gendered risks of entering subsequent care proceedings;&#x0D; Map family relations underpinning recurrent care proceedings;&#x0D; Investigate the role of family members' life course characteristics (e.g. age, number of children) in shaping the risk of returning to court.&#x0D; &#x0D; MethodsAnalysis drew on 2007/08-2017/18 administrative records from the Child and Family Court Advisory and Support Services (Cafcass) in England. From a sample of recurrent parents (N = 24,460), a latent class analysis established profiles of who they returned with. A competing risks analysis of all parents (N = 165,550) modelled the risk of returning into each profile given index characteristics.&#x0D; ResultsOverall rate of return for mothers was 1.7 times that of fathers: 22% after 5 years, compared to 13% for fathers, and 29% and 17% after 10 years, respectively.&#x0D; Five distinct profiles of recurrent parents were established: 'recurrent family', 'recurrent couple', 're-partnered couple', 'complex recurrence', and 'lone parent'. The vast majority of fathers who entered subsequent proceedings did so as either a part of a recurrent family (41%) or recurrent couple (36%). However, these two profiles represented a much smaller proportion (25% and 19%, respectively) of all recurrent mothers, while the remainder returned with either a new partner or as a lone parent (49%), both with a new child. Complex recurrence represented a small proportion for both mothers and fathers (7% and 11%, respectively). The risk of each of these profiles is characterised by the distinct life course positions of the parent.&#x0D; ConclusionThe results underscore the value of a relational approach and understanding a parent's position within the life course in social work research towards building a fuller picture of recurrence.