Majority Of Borrowers Research Articles

Специфика адаптации новейших англицизмов в славянских языках (на материале русской и болгарской версий журналов “Elle”, “Cosmopolitan” и “Glamour”)

The paper aims to reveal specifics of newly appeared Anglicisms adaptation in the language of the Slavonic mass media. The research material includes articles from the Russian and Bulgarian editions of glossy magazines. Scientific originality lies in the fact that the authors for the first time provide a comparative study on adaptation of newly appeared Anglicisms in the language of the Russian and Bulgarian editions of women’s glossy magazines. The conducted analysis allows concluding that the majority of borrowings are in the process of adaptation in the system of the recipient language: they are not considered “foreign” (spelling without inverted commas, lack of explanatory references), but have not become codified yet. Some Anglicisms, which are not represented in dictionaries, form derivative lexemes.

5c Factor Analysis Aspects Of The Designation Of Lending Of Working Capital In Pd. Bpr Bank Regional Lamongan

Credit evaluation is an important element in the provision of credit to the debtor. Lending activities, we need a good and thorough analysis of all aspects of credit to support the credit approval process, in order to prevent a credit risk. With its mission as an agent of development, banks are increasingly playing a role in the economy with increased lending to some sectors of the economy are priorities for improving the economy of the people and support the development of nasional.Tujuan of this study was to determine the creditworthiness conducted by the PD BPR Bank Regional Lamongan. From the analysis of the data using analytical tools 5C character, capacity, capital, collateral, condition states that the majority of borrowers eligible to receive a credit of PD. BPR lamongan Regional Banks. The credit approval process is a credit application by the debtor, research files, bank information search, site visits, analysis of credit research. If approved it will be an agreement or binding of collateral. Once it is done coaching supervision of credit or credit.Credit evaluation is an important element in the provision of credit to the debtor. Lending activities, we need a good and thorough analysis of all aspects of credit to support the credit approval process, in order to prevent a credit risk. With its mission as an agent of development, banks are increasingly playing a role in the economy with increased lending to some sectors of the economy are priorities for improving the economy of the people and support the development of nasional.Tujuan of this study was to determine the creditworthiness conducted by the PD BPR Bank Regional Lamongan. From the analysis of the data using analytical tools 5C character, capacity, capital, collateral, condition states that the majority of borrowers eligible to receive a credit of PD. BPR lamongan Regional Banks. The credit approval process is a credit application by the debtor, research files, bank information search, site visits, analysis of credit research. If approved it will be an agreement or binding of collateral. Once it is done coaching supervision of credit or credit.

ЯЗЫКОВАЯ МАНИФЕСТАЦИЯ «ПЕРЕКРЕСТКА КУЛЬТУР» В НЕМЕЦКОМ МОЛОДЕЖНОМ СЛЕНГЕ

The article examines borrowings in the modern colloquial German language enriching its vocabulary as representation of linguistic and cultural contacts between ethnic communities’ representatives. The analysis of factual material obtained by continuous sampling from the dictionary “100% Jugendsprache 2019” has allowed the author to conclude that the majority of borrowings come from Russian, Turkish, Japanese and English, and the latter dominates among the donor languages.

What are Borrowings in Advertising for? Lexical Borrowings in Advertising

The aim of the article is to analyse reasons of using new lexical borrowings in advertising, taking into account features of advertising as a genre. The empirical basis of the analysis consists of advertisements including borrowings that were collected in the Database of the New Borrowings. The article offers a qualitative analysis of borrowings in advertising.The theoretical basis of the article is a generalised classification of reasons for lexical borrowing, which includes designative, semantic, stylistic and sociopsychological reasons. Further a more detailed explanation is given by presenting the results of research on multilingual advertising: borrowings are used to fill in a semantic gap; because of creative motives in search for more interesting ways of expression; they help to associate the product with a particular cultural stereotype; or they can help to express the identity of a particular social group. From the viewpoint of advertisers, borrowings help to attract attention to the advertisement or product, to demonstrate its advantages by a symbolic value of other languages, to address a particular audience or to play with language for an emotional effect.The analysis of the Lithuanian data revealed a trend of the majority of borrowings used in advertisements for designative and semantic reasons, in order to name a new object. The origin languages of the borrowings vary; they include English, French, Italian, Spanish, Japanese, and Chinese. Some borrowings are used next to their equivalent of Lithuanian origin for metalinguistic reasons. In the group of stylistic reasons, English borrowings are used for creating allusions, language play, and in order to attract the attention of the audience. In the group of sociopsychological reasons, borrowings from English are most prominent; they mostly serve to emphasize the exceptional value of the product. They might also be used as euphemisms. For symbolic reasons, borrowings from French and Italian are also used. English borrowings that are a part of youth slang are used in advertisements to create a youthful identity of the product and to address young consumers.The analysis of spelling of borrowings (original vs. adapted) might also be explained by their functions in the text: original spelling helps to emphasize the authenticity of the designated object, increases the symbolic value of the borrowing. In contrast, the adapted spelling of marked borrowings in the advertisements addressed to young people emphasizes their slang origin.In summary, the analysis of the Lithuanian advertisements confirmed most of the reasons for borrowing found in previous studies on multilingual advertising. The paper concludes that borrowings do not only serve a supplementary role when they are needed to fill a lexical gap, but are also intentionally used as a stylistic, symbolic, identity construction tool in order to enhance the effectiveness of advertisements.

Waqf Finance for Micro Projects

However, microloans face different problems including financing problems represented in limited capital as compared to real requirements or problems related to lending and interest rates as certain studies indicate that microloans seem to be an endless burden for the majority of borrowers. Further, an estimated 72% of the population in countries with Muslims majority refrains from using official financial services as they consider traditional instruments to be incompliant with financial principles established by Islamic Shariaa. These issues enviably require the utilization of Islamic finance instruments including Waqf as a mechanism for financing micro-projects. Therefore, this research paper seeks to examine one of Waqf types, i.e. temporary Waqf and its role in financing microloans. To achieve the research objective, the the topic is addressed in three themes: - The economic and social importance of microfinance and challenges facing it. - Temporary Waqf as a financing instrument. - Usage of Waqf in financing micro-projects as per permissible mechanisms.

Information Externalities, Neighborhood Characteristics, and Home Mortgage Pricing and Underwriting

Theories of rational redlining suggest a low housing sales volume should lead to greater uncertainty in house price appraisals, making the mortgage loan riskier, less attractive to lenders, and consequently more likely to be denied or charged a higher price. Previous empirical tests of this “information externality” theory are limited solely to the denial decision, and are based on US data from the 1990s. The mortgage bubble of the early 2000s offers a unique framework for revisiting the topic. First, widespread securitization enabled banks to sell their loans, making them unaccountable for loan riskiness. Second, underwriting was extended to applicants previously deemed too risky, with pricing serving as the mechanism of compensating investors for the increased risk. Using rich loan-level data from US banks, we test whether the effect of information externalities (if any) shifted from underwriting to pricing during the mortgage bubble. We also test for any evidence of discriminatory redlining. The information externality theory has important policy implications. It can justify government intervention even if discriminatory redlining is absent. Additionally, it implies that if low sale volume areas have higher minority concentrations, omission of information variables may lead to the misidentification of economically rational redlining as discriminatory redlining. Our findings provide evidence of a shift of the importance of information externalities from underwriting to pricing decisions, although even in pricing the economic importance of information externalities is small for a majority of borrowers. We find no evidence of discriminatory redlining, and strong evidence of the importance of individual creditworthiness factors.

Priceless or Just Expensive? The Use of Penalty Rates in the Credit Card Industry

With roughly a trillion dollars in credit card debt, Americans have come to rely on their credit cards as both a form of payment for purchases and a flexible way to borrow cash. Credit cards are also a key source of income for financial institutions, with a rate of return that tends to be much higher than most other consumer loan products.While credit card companies compete to offer the lowest 'headline' rates in solicitations, they also depend on less obvious tactics to boost their financial returns. Credit card issuers at one time charged a single fixed interest rate to all customers and now charge several varying interest rates at once. Some of these interest rates expire after a short time period, and some suddenly change to 'penalty rates' under certain conditions. The number and importance of fees charged to consumers has also grown, with penalty fees up 69% between 2003 and 2007 according to the credit card industry consulting firm R.K. Hammer. Repricing customers based on penalty triggers is a common revenue-boosting strategy.This study shows that penalty repricing leads people to underestimate the interest they are paying and that credit card issuers try to keep it that way. Furthermore, it shows that penalty repricing is increasingly common and there is a growing disparity between the size of the penalty and what consumers expect to pay.More specifically, this study finds:1) Almost 11% of all balances borrowed on credit cards carry penalty pricing, and the majority of borrowers being charged penalty rates do not realize it. This lack of knowledge is not surprising given that credit card issuers do not give borrowers explicit notification when invoking penalty pricing, and routinely reprice accounts when borrowers make payments just one day late. 2) While penalty rates have been climbing, 'penalty shock' (defined as the increase over the regular rate) has increased even more sharply, with penalty shock more than doubling between 2001 and 2007. In 2008, the average penalty annual percentage rate (APR) was 16.9 percentage points higher than the average non-teaser purchase APR. 3) For a household with the average amount of $10,678 in credit card debt, being penalty repriced on all their balances would result in an additional $1,800 in interest costs per year. 4) The prevalence of penalty rates in credit card terms has been rising, with a penalty rate in the terms of 94% of new credit card solicitations issued in 2008. This is compared to 82% in 2003.