Majority Of Bands Research Articles

Comparative analysis of the results of computerized phonoenterography in patients with acute destructive appendicitis before surgery and in the postoperative period

Using the method of computerized phonoenterography we made an analysis of motor-evacuation function of the gastrointestinal tract in 35 patients with acute destructive appendicitis before surgery and in the postoperative period and in 30 patients without abdominal pain syndrome and concomitant pathology of the organs of the abdominal cavity. The obtained results of computerized phonoenterography different in the group of patients with acute appendicitis before appendectomy in comparison with group of patients without acute abdominal pathology (control group). For patients after appendectomy statistically significant differences with the control group in the vast majority of bands wasn’t obtained. Given the fact that the densities of the spectral power of acoustic signals of the abdominal cavity to assess the motor-evacuation function of the intestine in these groups of patients, we showed a reduction of motor-evacuation function of the intestine in patients with acute destructive appendicitis before surgery in comparison with patients of control group and recover in the postoperative period. Thus, the method of computerized phonoenterography is advisable to apply for the diagnosis of lower motor function of the intestine in patients with acute appendicitis, and in the early postoperative period in patients with acute destructive appendicitis for monitoring recovery of intestinal motility.

Rice root-associated bacteria: insights into community structures across 10 cultivars

In this study, the effects of plant genotype, soil type and nutrient use efficiency on the composition of different bacterial communities associated with rice roots were investigated. Thus, total bacteria, Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria, Pseudomonas and Actinobacteria were studied using PCR, followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). Rice genotype determined, to a large extent, the composition of the different bacterial communities across cultivars. Several cultivars belonging to Oryza sativa ssp. indica tended to select similar bacterial communities, whereas those belonging to subspecies japonica and aromatica selected ones with divergent community structures. An effect of soil type was pronounced for the Actinobacteria communities, while a small effect of 'improved' and 'traditional' plants was noted for all communities analyzed. A few dominant bands in PCR-DGGE, affiliated with Rhizobium radiobacter, Dickeya zeae, Mycobacterium bolletii and with members of the Rhizobiales, Rhodospirillaceae and Paenibacillaceae, were spread across cultivars. In contrast, a majority of bands (e.g. affiliated with Enterobacter cloacae or Burkholderia kururiensis) was only present in particular cultivars or was erratically distributed among rice replicates. These findings suggested that both bacterial adaptation and plant genotype contribute to the shaping of the dynamic bacterial communities associated with roots of rice plants.

Effects of fertilization on bacterial community structure and function in a black soil of Dehui region estimated by Biolog and PCR-DGGE methods

Soil microbial community structure and function are commonly used as indicators for soil quality and fertility. In this paper, the bacterial community structure and function in a black soil of Dehui region influenced by fertilization were investigated by Biolog and PCR-DGGE (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) methods. Biolog examination showed that substrate richness and catabolic diversities of bacterial communities were the highest in the treatment of farm yard manure, and the lowest in the chemical fertilizer treatment. DGGE fingerprint showed that the majority of bands were similar among all treatments, suggesting that microbial communities with those bands were stable, and not influenced by fertilization. In general, chemical fertilizer decreased the diversity of soil bacterial communities. The PCA (principal component analysis) plots of Biolog and DGGE revealed that the structure and function of bacterial communities were similar in the non-fertilized control and the treatment of farm yard manure alone, which inferred that the application of farm yard manure increased the quantity of soil microbes but had less effect on the changes of community structure. The catabolic function was similar, but the composition structure differed between the treatments of chemical fertilizer alone and combined application of farm yard manure with chemical fertilizer. These results suggest that the use of chemical fertilizer mainly decreased the catabolic activity of the fast growth bacteria or eutrophic bacteria.

Characteristics of seminal plasma proteins and their correlation with canine semen analysis

The objectives were to separate canine seminal plasma proteins (with SDS-PAGE) and to determine the correlation between specific proteins and semen characteristics. Three ejaculates from 20 mixed-breed dogs, of unknown fertility, were collected by digital manipulation. Ejaculate volume and color, sperm motility, sperm vigor, percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa, and membrane integrity (hypoosmotic swelling test and fluorescent staining) were assessed. For each dog, seminal plasma was pooled from all three ejaculates and proteins were separated with SDS-PAGE, using polyacrylamide concentrations of 13% and 22% in the separation gels. After staining, gel images were digitized to estimate molecular weights (MW) and integrated optical density (IOD) of each lane and of individual bands. Total seminal plasma protein concentration was 2.19 ± 1.56 g/dL (mean ± SD; range 1.12–5.19 g/dL). A total of 37 protein bands were identified (although no dog had all 37 bands). In the 13% gel, molecular weights ranged from 100.6 to 17.1 kDa, with four bands (49.7, 33.2, 26.4, and 19.5 kDa) present in samples from all dogs. In the 22% gel, molecular weights ranged from 15.6 to 3.6 kDa, with nine bands (15.6, 13.5, 12.7, 11.7, 10.5, 8.7, 7.8, 5.6, and 4.9 kDa) present in samples from all dogs. Combined for both gels, the majority of bands (85%) had molecular weights <17 kDa, with B20 (15.6 kDa) in high concentrations in samples from all dogs. There were positive correlations ( P ≤ 0.01) between two bands, B4 (67 kDa) and B5 (58.6 kDa), and sperm motility ( r = 0.66 and r = 0.46), sperm vigor ( r = 0.56 and r = 0.66), percentage of morphologically normal spermatozoa ( r = 0.55 and r = 0.59), the hypoosmotic swelling test ( r = 0.76 and r = 0.68), and fluorescent staining ( r = 0.56 and r = 0.59), respectively. In conclusion, 37 proteins were identified in seminal plasma; two were significantly correlated with semen characteristics.

Diversity of fungi in organic soils under a moorland – Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) gradient

The conservation and regeneration of native Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) woodlands is being actively encouraged by conservation agencies in the UK because of their high biodiversity value. In the present study, the consequences of regeneration on terrestrial fungal communities was determined in three parallel transects running from open moorland, through an intermediate zone showing seedling colonization, into a mature Scots pine forest at Abernethy Forest, Cairngorm, Scotland. Soil cores were taken at 18 m intervals along each 180 m transect, and the diversity of the soil fungal community was investigated by DGGE and sequence analysis of ITS fragments PCR-amplified from DNA extracted from soil. Analysis of DGGE profiles generated for two of the three transects indicates a clear shift in the community from the moorland region of the transects to the forest region. Whereas a few bands were present at all sampling points across the transects, the majority of bands were unique to either the moorland or forest samples. FASTA database searches of ITS sequence data generated from excised DGGE bands revealed the closest species match for each band. In some cases, the similarity of ITS sequences to database sequences was poor, but the remaining sequences were most closely related to ITS sequences of both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal fungi. The data are discussed in relation to the effect of native pine woodland expansion on the soil fungal community.

Modulation of erythrocyte band 4.1 binding by volume expansion.

Erythrocyte band 4.1 is an important protein in the control and maintenance of the cytoskeleton. Skate erythrocyte band 3, the anion exchanger, appears to play a pivotal role in the regulation of volume-stimulated solute efflux during volume expansion. Because band 4.1 interacts with band 3, we tested whether their interaction might change during volume expansion. Skate red blood cells were volume-expanded in either hypotonic media (one-half osmolarity) or were swollen under isoosmotic conditions by inclusion of ethylene glycol or ammonium chloride in the medium. Microsomal membranes isolated from red cells under volume expanded conditions demonstrated a significant decrease in the amount of band 4.1 bound to band 3. In unstimulated cells, approximately one third of the binding of band 4.1 occurred to band 3. This binding was characterized as being sensitive to competition by the peptide IRRRY. The majority of band 4.1 is bound to glycophorin (as demonstrated in other species), and this binding does not change during volume expansion. The alteration in band 4.1:band 3 interaction occurs within 5 min after volume expansion and is transient, returning to near normal interaction within 60 min. Two drugs that promote band 3 oligomerization, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate and DIDS, also decreased band 4.1 interaction with band 3. Band 4.1 and ankyrin binding to band 3 may be reciprocally related as high-affinity ankyrin binding sites to band 3 observed under volume-expanded conditions are decreased by inclusion of band 4.1 in the binding reactions. J. Exp. Zool. 289:177-183, 2001.

Neck Band Loss Rates for Lesser Snow Geese

Band loss is often assumed to be negligible when resightings of neck-banded birds are used to estimate population parameters. Neck band loss rates (M, 0.47; F, 0.17) for lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) were estimated for 1981-90 in the Sagavanirktok River Delta, Alaska. Neck band loss was substantial and comparable with or higher than rates reported for several Canada goose (Branta canadensis) populations. Nearly 60% of neck bands lost were found broken near nest sites, indicating that the majority of bands was lost when birds returned to the Arctic to breed, rather than during migration or winter. Annual neck band loss rates increased (P < 0.001) with neck band age, and rates were higher (P < 0.001) for males than for females. Loss rates of replacement neck bands were higher than for first neck bands (P < 0.01). Maximum neck band retention by males and females was 3 and 7 years, respectively, even though some snow geese survived for the entire 10-year study. Neck band resighting data should not be used to estimate demographic traits, such as survival, without considering neck band loss.

Genomic fingerprinting by microsatellite-primed PCR: a critical evaluation.

Single PCR primers complementary to microsatellite repeats were used to amplify genomic DNA samples from various plant species, as well as from human, yeast, and Escherichia coli DNA. Most primers generated distinct amplification products, resulting in fingerprint-like banding patterns after agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. These fingerprints allowed distinction among different plant taxa at an interspecific as well as intraspecific level. Unexpectedly, some of the primers produced bands with the E. coli template DNA as well. A detailed examination of the influence of PCR conditions, especially the annealing temperature, on the quality of banding patterns suggested that the majority of bands were generated by mismatch priming in a way similar to random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs).

Biomphalaria glabrata: Extensive Genetic Variation in Brazilian Isolates Revealed by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analysis

To examine the extent of genetic variation in Biomphalaria glabrata, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, specimens from seven Brazilian isolates were studied. Regions of genomic DNA were amplified using short, arbitrarily selected oligonucleotide primers under low-stringency conditions (random amplified polymorphic DNAs-RAPDs) and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by silver staining. The RAPD profiles of snails of the same isolate were relatively homogeneous, with the majority of bands being common to all individuals studied. In contrast, the profiles of snails from different isolates were quite distinct, with less than 10% of amplified DNA fragments being common to all of the specimens studied. This was found to be true irrespective of the primer, indicating that B. glabrata is remarkably genetically heterogeneous. The data are consistent with the view that genetic drift plays a major role in the genetic structure of populations of B. glabrata due to their ability to reconstitute populations from very small numbers of individuals by self-fertilization. The great variety of polymorphic genetic markers identified in this restricted survey indicates that RAPD analysis may make a major contribution to the study of the genetics of Biomphalaria.

The laser excitation spectrum of selenoformaldehyde: vibrational analyses of the [formula omitted]1A 2 ← [formula omitted]1A 1 and [formula omitted]3A 2 ← [formula omitted]1A 1 electronic transitions

The excitation spectra of CH 2Se were recorded over the 695–750 nm region with an excimer pumped dye laser system (4 mJ/pulse). The selenoformaldehyde was found to be thermally unstable in the gas phase at low pressures and was observed by the combined techniques of flash pyrolysis and laser-induced fluorescence, LIF. While the majority of bands were found to be in excellent agreement (position, intensity, band contour) with bands of the a 3A 2 ← X 1A 1 transition observed earlier in absorption, a group of new bands was detected which had a different photophysical behavior. These were assigned to the A 1A 2 ← X 1A 1 spin-allowed transition. The origin of this S 1 ← S 0 system at 13635 cm − was a type-a ( Z polarized) magnetic dipole band. The singlet—triplet interval was found to be 1466 cm −1.

Comparative Studies on Tree Pollen Allergens

Horizontal isoelectric focusing (IEF) and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D SDS-PAGE) combined with electrophoretic transfer (ET) and immunoautoradiography (I AR) were used to characterize the crude alder &lt;i&gt;(Alnus incana)&lt;/i&gt; pollen extract (AI crude) and fraction AI 34. IEF resolved AI crude and AI 34 into 34 and 39 distinct protein bands, respectively, when stained with Coomassie brilliant blue. The band patterns were similar and the majority of bands were located in the pH region 4.0–7.0. After ET and IAR, the distribution of antigenic reactivities was similar to that of the protein stain. Allergenic reactivity was detected in the pH region 4.6–5.2 only, where two bands at pH 4.9 demonstrated dominating IgE-binding properties. The 2-D reference maps of AI crude and AI 34 consisted of 40 and 45 protein spots, respectively. The autoradiogram of AI crude demonstrated 35 spots capable of binding rabbit IgG. The main IgE-binding zone was located at pH 4.6–5.2 and 20 kilodaltons with an area of weaker autoradiographic signals at pH 4.6–5.2 and 40 kilodaltons. ET from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose (NC) membranes was quantitative and IAR gave significant radiostaining of spots containing 0.01 and 0.1 &lt;i&gt;μ&lt;/i&gt;g of AI crude in the IgG and IgE systems, respectively. For the characterization of the alder pollen extract, horizontal 2-D SDS-PAGE combined with ET and IAR provided a powerful supplement to conventional crossed immuno- and radioimmunoelectrophoretic techniques (CIE/CRIE).

ChemInform Abstract: THE INFRARED, RAMAN, AND RESONANCE RAMAN SPECTRA AND NORMAL COORDINATE ANALYSIS OF METHYL AND ETHYL DITHIOACETATE

Infrared, Raman, and resonance Raman data are reported for ethyl and methyl dithioacetate together with data for their isotopically substituted analogs: CD3C(=S)SCH3, CH3C(=S)SCD3, 13CH3C(=S)SCH3, CH313C(=S)SCH3, CD3C(=S)SCH2CH3, CH3C(=S)SCD2CH3, and CH313C(=S)SCH2CH3. Based on these data and a normal coordinate analysis of methyl dithioacetate, assignments are proposed for the majority of bands appearing in the vibrational spectra. Using excitation wavelengths in the 324–356 nm region strong intensity enhancement is observed for Raman bands near 1195, 1100, 730, and 580 cm−1 which are assigned to stretching motions of the CCSSC skeleton. Raman excitation profiles are reported for the 1197 and 581 cm−1 bands of ethyl dithioacetate and the electronic absorbance peak near 305 nm is identified as the source of resonance Raman intensity enhancement.

The usefulness of the analytical electrofocusing in a thin-layer polyacrylamide gel (PAG) in the histochemistry of enzymes cleaving peptide bonds.

The usefulness of the analytical electrofocusing in a thin-layer polyacrylamide (PAG) plate is shown on the basis of experiments with 10%–20% homogenates of various rat, rabbit and human organs as well as in lysates of isolated human lymphocytes and leucocytes in 2% Triton X100. 0.1–0.3 μl of 12000 g supernatants were applied on LKB Ampholine PAG plates pH range 3.5–9.5 and subjected to electrofocusing. Afterwards portions of PAG plates were processed in optimized histochemical media for the demonstration of enzymes cleaving peptide bonds using various substrates. The same media were used in the histochemical detection of enzymes in sections on slides or semipermeable membranes. Electrofocused zymograms display species and organ differences. Ala-MNA, Leu-MNA and Met-MNA furnish similar zymograms. Bands obtained with Ala-MNA are most intense. Zymograms with Gly-Pro-MNA and Lys-Pro-MNA at pH 7.2 are not entirely identical. The majority of bands is more intense when Gly-Pro-MNA is used as the substrate and is due to the activity of DAP IV. The anodal band(s) focusing around pH 4.9 (rat) or 5.5 (man) is (are) much stronger with Lys-Pro-MNA and DAP II is responsible for it (them). Zymograms with His-Ser-MNA and Lys-Ser-MNA are similar. However, they differ form those revealed with Gly-Pro-MNA and Lys-Pro-MNA. Zymograms of lysates of leucocytes obtained with naphthol AS-D-chloroacetate and Ac-Ala-l-naphthyl ester are not identical showing that more than one enzyme is responsible for the bands. Results obtained with closely related substrates such as Ac-Ala-l-naphthyl ester and Ac-Met-l-naphtyl ester are not identical either. Zymograms of lysates of human lymphocytes revealed with Gly-Pro-MNA at pH 7.2 and Lys-Ala-MNA or Lys-Pro-MNA at pH 5.5 or 5.3 respectively show clearly the presence of DAP IV and DAP II in these cells. The analytical electrofocusing in PAG plates is a very useful tool in the histochemistry (and biochemistry) of enzymes cleaving peptide bonds. It helps very much in the evaluation of the substrate specificity, choosing of the discriminating substrate and enables a quick and reliable testing of the quality of various batches of commercially supplied substrates, diazonium salts and other reagents. The correlation of zymograms with the “in situ” pattern helps in the elucidation of the origin of individual bands in zymograms and suggests different molecular forms of peptidases in different localizations.

Classification of multiple forms of submandibular gland esterproteases of the house mouse ( M. musculus)

1. 1. Submandibular gland esterproteases of seven different mouse strains were demonstrated by disc electrophoresis and isoelectrofocusing using the staining method of Schaller & von Deimling (1979). 2. 2. A great variability was observed between the banding patterns of different strains. The bands were classified according to their genetic and epigenetic relations as well as to their catalytical and chemical properties. 3. 3. The majority of bands were considered to represent variants of only three enzymes: protease A (Schenkein et al., 1969), the binding protein of the epidermal growth factor (EGF-BP; Taylor et al., 1974) and protease E, probably a new protease. 4. 4. Protease E is characterized by its high IEP (above 7.5), by a high susceptibility to inhibition by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, and by a lack of reaction with the periodic acid-Schiff stain. 5. 5. A common evolutionary origin for protease A, EGF-BP and protease E is suggested.

On the Analysis of Raman Spectra by Curve Resolution

Raman spectra obtained during studies of solution equilibria are subjected to analysis using a combination of a small, manually controlled, digital minicomputer and a large digital computer. The shape-function of the bands is regarded as an empirical parameter, and the majority of bands are found to have Lorentzian shape. Simultaneous determination of shape-function and curved baseline is shown to be unsatisfactory. The possibility that components of a multiplet have different shape-functions is considered, and a probable example of such a case is given. Finally, it is shown that the ν3 region of the Raman spectrum of sodium nitrate in liquid ammonia probably contains three component bands, but uncertainty regarding shape-function introduces large uncertainty into the areas and positions of the bands.

RNA synthesis in isolated polytene nuclei from Chironomus tentans

An RNA synthesizing system with isolated polytene nuclei from Chironomus tentans is described. This system allows one to monitor the effect of salt concentration on chromosome structure and to assign in vitro RNA synthesis to structural modifications of the chromosome (i.e. nucleoli, Balbiani rings and puffs).-At a salt concentration of 0.15 M monovalent cations (standard salt medium=SSM) chromosomal structure appears to be best preserved during in vitro incubation. At low and high ionic strength the bands decondense and the microscopically visible chromosomal structure is lost completely. These three states of condensation and decondensation are distinguished with respect to RNA synthesis: (1) in low salt overall RNA synthesis is depressed, (2) in SSM ribosomal RNA synthesis predominates and continues for 30 min, (3) in high salt RNA synthesis is stimulated 3–4 fold again. This stimulation is due solely to chromosomal, non-ribosomal RNA synthesis, which proceeds in high salt for more than 10 h, though new initiation of RNA chains is prevented. Molecular weight determinations of the RNA synthesized demonstrate a time dependent increase in size of the newly synthesized molecules under these conditions. — Autoradiographs of nuclei incubated in SSM reveal prominent label in nucleoli, significant label in Balbiani rings and rather reduced activity at other sites. Addition of various exogenous RNA polymerases does not markedly alter this pattern. Autoradiographs of nuclei incubated in high salt exhibit extensive RNA synthesis spread over the chromosomes. Preparations of autoradiographs from isolated chromosomes show that the high salt induced label is localized in single bands. Though the majority of bands is still unlabelled, the actual number of bands exhibiting incorporation in high salt is higher than in any individual functional state in vivo. These results are discussed in terms of activated and preactivated genes.

Electrophoretically identical histones from ribosomes and chromosomes of chicken liver

There are at least two sources of basic protein in cells: the chromosomes which contain histone, and the ribosomes which contain basic proteins whose chemical properties suggest similarities to histones. Since chromosomes and ribosomes are thought to have intimately related roles in gene action, the basic proteins of these organelles may also have related properties. To investigate this possibility the electrophoretic properties of basic ribosomal proteins and chromosomal histones of chicken liver were compared. Zone electrophoresis in starch gel demonstrates rich patterns of protein bands from both sources. Most of the bands from chromosomal histone have the same relative mobilities as the majority of bands from ribosomal basic protein. On the basis of this intimate similarity, we have made the simplifying conclusion that these ribosomal and chromosomal proteins constitute a general class of basic proteins we call histones. These electrophoretic results suggest that ribosomes and chromosomes contain the same kinds of histone molecules, and that chromosome and ribosome production are related by their dependence upon biosynthesis of histones within the nucleus.