Major Source Of Livelihood Research Articles

Above ground biomass estimation in the upper Blue Nile basin forests, North-Western Ethiopia

Forest ecosystems play a decisive role in the global climatic condition, as well as, provides a wide range of societal benefits, including fuel-wood, tourism, and ecosystem services are considered as one of the major sources of livelihood for the local people in the upper Blue Nile Basin. Therefore, rapid and accurate estimation of forest biomass is crucial for greatly reducing the uncertainty in carbon stock assessments, and for designing strategic forest management plans. Because, above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation is important in determining the management, environmental, and economic roles of forests in the Blue Nile basin. The study was aimed at estimating above-ground biomass in the Upper Blue Nile Basin forests by integrating field-measured data with predictors from Sentinel-2 image. The relationship between measured AGB and sentinel-2 derived vegetation indices and biophysical parameters showed a good correlation result (r value ranging from 0.67 to 0.74). A stepwise regression analysis was carried out in order to develop AGB estimation model by identifying the most important variable. The result demonstrated that, green normalized difference vegetation index, leaf area index, fraction of absorbed photosynthetic active radiation and fractional vegetation cover achieved good performance in predicting AGB with R2 value > 0.5. AGB was estimated with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.59 adjusted R2 of 0.618 and root mean square error of (RMSE) 38.36 t/ha in comparison to field observations. The maximum AGB value of 268.32 t/ha was estimated in the Alemsaga natural forest, which is a highly protected dense forest stand from any entrance and disturbance. Generally, integrating field data with optical remote sensing data provides more reliable result for AGB estimation. Moreover, it is also recommended to employ RADAR and LiDAR remote sensing data products together in order to attain more precise estimate results of AGB with great potential for forest resource monitoring and management.

Analysis of the perceptions of flood and effect of adoption of adaptation strategies on income of informal settlements of Mamelodi in South Africa

Extreme weather events are being experienced all over the world because of climate change, posing challenges for individuals and households who rely on agricultural operations as their major source of livelihood. Household-level adaptation is an efficient way of dealing with global climate change. As such, this study aims to examine the perception of informal settlers to flood risk and their adoption of adaptation strategies to flood. This study applied the seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) to identify factors influencing the perception of flooding on community members and probit regression to identify the factors influencing the adoption of adaptation strategies to floods and examined the impact of the adoption of adaptation strategies on income in Eerste Fabriek informal settlement in Mamelodi using two-step quasi-maximum likelihood estimates of fractional response model. Our results show that community members are perceptive of floods and their impact on the environment and their livelihoods, and on average, they believe flood impact is significant. Age, marital status, education, employment status, income, and household size are demographic factors that tend to influence their perception of the impact of flood events. Access to institutional facilities such as health and recreational facilities was also a significant factor in how community members adapt to the impact of floods. Timely healthcare access services are a significant precursor for people to form their perception, which is intended to help them adapt appropriately to situations as health is wealth. Community members' perceptions and adaptive capacity can be improved through policies that foster the adoption of effective adaptation strategies. Community-based adaptation strategies are necessary for involving all stakeholders and necessary for mitigating the effects of flooding.

Financial inclusion and impacts on agriculture in Delta State, Nigeria

The study appraised financial inclusion and impacts on agriculture in Delta State, Nigeria. Delta State, located in the southern region of Nigeria, is known for its rich agricultural potential. Agriculture is a major source of livelihood for the majority of its population, contributing significantly to both food security and economic growth. Nigeria introduced National Financial Inclusion Strategy (NFIS) in 2012. Besides, interventions of financial inclusion packages in Nigeria by some corporate financial inclusion organizations include: Agent Banking and Mobile Money, Nigeria Incentive-Based Risk Sharing System for Agricultural Lending (NIRSAL), Financial Literacy and Education Programs, Agricultural Credit Guarantee Scheme Fund (ACGSF) and Microfinance Institutions (MFIs). These organizations impacted the Delta State agriculture in the areas of cassava farming, oil palm production, rice cultivation, poultry, fisheries and aquaculture, agribusiness and processing and agricultural diversity. Such Impacts were obvious in food security, poverty reduction, women's empowerment, market access and value chain integration, risk mitigation, access to agricultural inputs, income diversification and increased agricultural productivity. Noticeable financial inclusion challenges in Delta State's agricultural sector were limited access to financial services, insufficient financial literacy programmes and inadequate rural infrastructure. It was concluded that financial inclusion in agriculture in Delta State is a cornerstone for the state's economic development and the well-being of its citizens. Among the recommendations given, it was emphasized that strengthening financial education system should be prioritized in agriculture.

A microeconometrics approach to gendered perspective of empowerment through agricultural decision-making in Rural Odisha, India

Discrimination against women in agricultural decision-making is a major threat to the empowerment of women in many developing countries where agriculture is not only the major source of livelihood, at times the only source of livelihood. It hampers their socio-economic status as well as the overall economic development of the country. The objective of this paper is to understand the gendered perspective of agricultural decision-making in one of the eastern states of India, i.e., Odisha by analysing the primary data collected through a structured schedule from 996 agrarian households. This paper, by using multinomial logit model, concludes that land ownership exclusively by females raises their decision-making power with respect to all agricultural activities in the household. Joint ownership of land by both men and women and the use of modern technology in farm activities also raise the agrarian decision-making power of the females. Further, the decision-making power of women is more among the socially marginalised and economically deprived categories. This calls for institutional arrangements to ensure land ownership by the female members and their economic empowerment by providing them better wages and livelihood.

Counterfeit Drugs Detection in the Nigeria Pharma-Chain via Enhanced Blockchain-based Mobile Authentication Service

Drugs has since become a major source of livelihood for Nigerians. It also accounts for over 85% of the total food consumed within her borders. The sector has maintained improved productivity and profitability via a concerted effort to address critical issues such as an unorganized regulatory system, lack of food safety data, no standards in agricultural produce, non-adaptation to precision farming, and non-harmony via inventory trace supports. This study proposes blockchain-based tracer-support system in a continued effort to ensure food quality, consumer safety, and trading of food assets. It uses the radio-frequency identification sensors to register and trace drugs manufacture cum administration process and provide a databank to trace the drug records via the shipment to its distribution centers. To ascertain, if the drug is genuine or fake, the user scans the QRcode via the mobile application API, which then generates feedback. Results achieves the following: (a) presents a framework and roadmap for adoption by the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) to ensure pharmaceutical blockchain, (b) show ensemble is scalable for up-to 7500users to yield a performance of 1138-transactions per seconds with response time of 88secs for page retrieval and 128secs for queries respectively, and (c) yields slightly longer time for increased number of users via its world-state as stored in the permissionless blockchain hyper-fabric ledger. Thus, the framework can directly query and retrieve data without it traversing the whole ledger. This, in turn, improves the efficiency and effectiveness of the traceability system. Keywords: Nigerian Pharma-Chain, Fake/Counterfeit drugs, Healthcare, CORDA, hyper-ledger fabric, NAFDAC Ejeh, P.O., Okpor, M.D., Yoro, R.E., Ifioko, A.M., Onyemenem, I.S., Odiakaose, C,C., Ojugo, A.A., Ako, R.E., Emordi, F.U., Geteloma, V.O., Counterfeit Drugs Detection in the Nigeria Pharma-Chain via Enhanced Blockchain-based Mobile Authentication Service. Journal of Advances in Mathematical & Computational Science. 2024, Vol. 12, No. 1. Pp 25-44. Available online at www.isteams.net/mathematics-computationaljournal. dx.doi.org/10.22624/AIMS/MATHS/V12N2P3

Drinking Indigenous Beverages in Africa: The Case of the /Bili-bili/ of the Lele People of North Cameroon

Every human society produces beverages but the raw materials and procedures of production may differ from one society to the next. Some societies especially in Africa use maize, others use millet while others use guinea corn for their production. There are certain beliefs surrounding the manufacture and use of each beverage. The /bili-bili/ of the Lele people of north Cameroon is a good example of local beer produced from millet, red millet and sorghum. This local liquor is produced mostly by the female folk and its production goes through a number of processes. The drink like any aspect of culture fulfils a specific function in the Lele community. It used to be manufactured from millet, red millet and sorghum alone but with time, there are women who produce it with red millet and maize. The main research question of the article is: what are the functions of the /bili-bili/ to the Lele man in particular and the community in general? The secondary research questions are: what is the cultural significances of the /bili-bili/ to the Lele people? and what are the factors that have caused changes in the production consumption of this indigenous liquor? The objectives of this article is to examine the place of bili-bili in the lives of the people and in the society as a whole. The paper also seeks to find out the symbolism of this drink and the reasons behind the changes in the production and utility of the bili-bili. The authors of this paper used the qualitative method to collect data. This data was analyse soon after collection was over and interpreted using the theories of cultural ecology (to demonstrate how millet and sorghum, all natural products are employed to produce a cultural drink, bili-bili), functionalism (employed to show the roles of the locally brewed drink in the lives of the Lele people and the Lele community) and symbolic anthropology (used to illustrate the cultural significance of the bili-bili to the Lele people. Bili-bili symbolises a bond as many youths like adults meet and share from a single calabash or bucket. This drink is not only a source of livelihood to many households, it portrays the belief system of the Lele people in particular and that of the northerners in general. The indigenous drink /bili-bili/ is a drink which portrays the cultural identity of the people. If valorised, it will continue to be a major source of livelihood to many families.

Improved distribution and food safety for beef processing and management using a blockchain-tracer support framework

<span lang="EN-US">Agriculture has since become a major source of livelihood for Nigerians. It also accounts for over 85% of the total food consumed within her borders. The sector has maintained improved productivity and profitability via a concerted effort to address critical issues such as an unorganized regulatory system, lack of food safety data, no standards in agricultural produce, non-adaptation to precision farming, and non-harmony via inventory trace supports. This study proposes blockchain-based trace-support in a continued effort to ensure food quality, consumer safety, and trading of food assets. It uses the radio frequency identification (RFID) sensor to register and track livestocks, farms/farmers, and abattoir processes as well as provisions a databank to trace livestock data. Results show the model adequately perform about 1,101 transactions per seconds with a response time of 0.21 s for queries and 0.28 s for https pages respectively for 2,500 users. Also, it yields a slightly longer time of 0.32 s for queries and 0.38 s for https pages respectively with an increased 5,000 users via the world-state as stored in the blockchain’s hyper-fabric ledger. Overall, the framework can directly query and retrieve data without it traversing the whole ledger. This, in turn, improves the efficiency and effectiveness of the traceability system.</span>

Gridded livestock density database and spatial trends for Kazakhstan

Livestock rearing is a major source of livelihood for food and income in dryland Asia. Increasing livestock density (LSKD) affects ecosystem structure and function, amplifies the effects of climate change, and facilitates disease transmission. Significant knowledge and data gaps regarding their density, spatial distribution, and changes over time exist but have not been explored beyond the county level. This is especially true regarding the unavailability of high-resolution gridded livestock data. Hence, we developed a gridded LSKD database of horses and small ruminants (i.e., sheep & goats) at high-resolution (1 km) for Kazakhstan (KZ) from 2000–2019 using vegetation proxies, climatic, socioeconomic, topographic, and proximity forcing variables through a random forest (RF) regression modeling. We found high-density livestock hotspots in the south-central and southeastern regions, whereas medium-density clusters in the northern and northwestern regions of KZ. Interestingly, population density, proximity to settlements, nighttime lights, and temperature contributed to the efficient downscaling of district-level censuses to gridded estimates. This database will benefit stakeholders, the research community, land managers, and policymakers at regional and national levels.

Livelihood benefits and challenges of Acacia decurrens-based agroforestry system in Awi Zone highlands, Northwest Ethiopia

ABSTRACT Acacia decurrens (hereafter Acacia) agroforestry system has been expanding rapidly in the northwestern highlands of Ethiopia. The agroforestry system provides multiple eco-environmental services; however, there is inadequate quantitative evidence on its livelihood benefits. This study, therefore, investigated the livelihood benefits and challenges of Acacia-based agroforestry system in the Awi area, Northwest Ethiopia. Data was collected through household survey quetionnaires (296 randomly selected Acacia growers), focused-group discussions, interviews, and observations. A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods was used for the data analysis. The findings showed that crop production, charcoal making, animal rearing, and fuelwood selling were the major sources of livelihood. Notwithstanding the complex challenges (Acacia pests/diseases, traditional charcoal-making, limited road access and market opportunities, negative human-health impacts, and high production cost), Acacia-based agroforestry positively affected farmers livelihoods. Comparatively, the natural, physical, financial, human and social capital indices of farmers were higher by 0.25, 0.24, 0.43, 0.25, and 0.06, respectively, in the post-than pre-Acacia periods. The overall livelihood index of farmers increased from 0.47 (pre-Acacia) to 0.71 in the post-Acacia period. The study concluded that this agroforestry practice has immense livelihood benefits, although diverse challenges question its sustainability. Therefore, short and long-term strategies should be designed to strengthen the opportunities and address the challenges.

Frugal Tactics In Sericulture Farming: An Evidence From Namakkal District Of Tamilnadu

In India’s agriculture landscape, Sericulture is the conscious mass-scale rearing of silk producing organisms to obtain silk that make contribution to both the rural economy and the nation’s textile industry. Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu is famous for its sericulture activities which act as a major source of livelihood for many people in the region. The present study aims to shed light on the resource use and cost efficiency pattern of sericulture cultivation in Namakkal district of Tamil Nadu. This analysis will examine factors such as mulberry cultivation, and silkworm rearing while considering both direct and indirect costs that involved in cultivation. For data collection, 60 sericulture farmers are selected randomly and interviewed through a structured questionnaire. It has been found that large farmers get high profit as compared to small and medium farmers. Therefore, sericulture cultivation is highly beneficial to the large farmers.

Aquaculture in Hydropower Reservoirs

There is an undoubtedly existing relationship between water, energy, and food and their interaction with the natural environment and mankind. Climate change is the talk of the day in global development discussions as it intensifies water shortages, energy, poverty, food shortages, and environmental degradation. Currently, most of the hydropower dams constructed in Africa are majorly built to store water for agricultural purposes, control flooding, and generate electricity. Notable projects include the seven forks hydropower stations located on the Tana River in Kenya; Aswan high dam in Egypt; Grand Renaissance dam in Ethiopia; Kariba dam in Zimbabwe and Akosombo in Ghana. Since agriculture is the major source of livelihood in Africa, the construction of dams is key for socio-economic development. Many countries in Africa have adopted crop farming and livestock farming but have neglected fish farming. Fish farming is mainly carried out in the natural water resources which highly makes it to be at risk within a climate change ecosystem. Climate change has led to the high and low fluctuation of water levels in the natural water bodies. This highly affects fish farming negatively and has led to the extinction of some fish species. To curb the problems faced by fish farming arising from climate change there is a need to create mitigation measures to ensure an adequate supply of fish in Africa. One of the mitigation measures is incorporating caged aquaculture in hydropower dams. Having caged fish farming will not only increase the fish supply but also increase income generation and food security across Africa. The paper followed a desktop research approach and provide detailed analysis of the relations between the availability of water, energy, and food in regard to fish production. A proposed conceptual framework for caged aquaculture systems was presented in this study as a means of promoting sustainability in food and agricultural production. The study further provided feasible climate-friendly food systems and blue justice approaches that can be adopted by the key stakeholders.

Local perceptions on poverty and conservation in a community-based natural resource program area: a case study of Beitbridge district, southern Zimbabwe

This study was conducted in a local community, namely, Ward 1 of Beitbridge district, southern Zimbabwe, with the following objectives: (i) to assess local perceptions on poverty in a Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE) environment, (ii) to assess whether CAMPFIRE initiatives have enhanced livelihoods, and (iii) to analyze the involvement of local people in CAMPFIRE programs. A mixed-methods approach was used to collect data between September and October 2022, with 80 randomly selected participants being interviewed (structured interviews), 110 randomly selected discussants participating in focus group discussions held in all the five villages of Ward 1, and 10 purposively sampled key informants responded to semi-structured interviews. Data were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. The results showed that some villages had more benefits than others from the conservation programs and the contributions to poverty alleviation varied within the surveyed local communities. Most respondents in Ward 1 stated that they rely on subsistence farming as the major source of livelihood. Furthermore, most respondents highlighted that they were not participating in the natural resource management and allocation decision-making processes. However, based on this study, we conclude that respondents still view CAMPFIRE as one of the key solutions to poverty alleviation and that active local community participation in decision-making processes is lacking. The study recommend for active and full participation of local people in the decision-making processes, including previously marginalized groups, in the CAMPFIRE initiatives.

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF FUELWOOD CONSUMPTION IN YOBE STATE, NIGERIA

Since rural and urban poor areas in Nigeria depend mainly on fuelwood (Biomass) as their major energy source, this triggers fuelwood consumption and adversely affects the environment. The analysis focused on fuelwood production as a source of livelihood in rural areas of developing countries. The study employs a purposive sampling technique in selecting case study units within the study area. The selected units include Bade, Damaturu, and Potiskum, respectively. Their selection was based on the population’s size and the state’s zonal districts. Three hundred and ninety-five respondents from fuelwood collectors have been obtained through stratified and random sampling techniques. Data were collected using a questionnaire, focus group discussion, personal interview, and observations. The finding reveals that more than 85% of people living in the study area use fuelwood collection as their second major source of livelihood after farming. On identifying the importance of fuelwood collection, the study suggested encouraging massive campaigns on tree planting programs, coppicing practices, and applying protective rules safeguarding forests. On the other hand, provision of grant and empowerment projects, and access to modern fuels, among others. Thus, it improves people’s ways of living in rural areas, encourages livelihood generation, reduces forest exploitation, and maintains environmental protection.

Effect of forest cover change on ecosystem services in central highlands of Ethiopia: A case of Wof-Washa forest

Forest provides a wide range of ecosystem services and is considered as one of the major sources of livelihood for the local people. In recent years, forest cover in developing countries has been declining due to expansion of agricultural land and increasing human demand for forest products.The declining of forest cover significantly reduces forest ecosystem services, impacting environmental health and community well-being. Although many studies have shown declining of forest cover, the impact of declining forest cover on ecosystem services is not getting much attention in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of forest cover change on ecosystem service values in the Wof-Washa forest over the past 47 years. This study combined geospatial techniques and socioeconomic survey methods to assess the impact of land use and land cover (LULC) change on the value of ecosystem services. Ecosystem services were estimated using the benefit transfer method and socioeconomic assessment. A total of 184 households were surveyed with structured and semi-structured questionnaires. The results revealed that the provisioning services increased, while the regulating, supportive, and cultural services decreased. We find that about US$ 2 million were reduced due to LULC change, especially due to forest cover change. As forest cover decreased, the monetary value of ecosystem services and their benefits to local people declined significantly. The results reveal that deforestation is a major challenge that can reduce the value of ecosystem services. The results of this study are vital for developing effective forest conservation strategies before irreversible damage to ecosystem services.

Humans and seagrass: a complex and intertwining links - an illustration from North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Interactions between humans and seagrasses in a rural area in North Sulawesi (North Minahasa) were determined by applying the ecosystem goods and services concept and related social-ecological system. The main role in the villages is small-scale fishermen and the general public. By conducting interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussions, community immersion, and field surveys, we discovered complex social-ecological ties that are essential for local society and the ecosystem. Nursery ground and habitat for fish and invertebrates, traditional medicine, indicative for Ramadan season-opening, and sites for bait collection were within the significant seagrass meadow ecosystem services for the local coastal people. We identified 183 traditional fish names that are associated with seagrass. Gleaning (banyare) and trapping fisheries (“soma”, “sero” and “bubu”) in the areas captured seagrass-associated fishes (Siganidae) that contribute a major livelihood source for the fishermen. The seagrass meadow overlaps with species habitats, for instance, dugongs and sea turtles. Out of 90 fishing grounds, 13 overlapped with seagrass beds, which also have dugong feeding trails. Most of the seagrass beds are open and free for all areas, except around LMMAs managed by villages, which likely create positive effects on seagrass meadows.

Hydro-morphodynamic responses of rivers to the construction of hydropower dams: a case study – the Kor River, Iran

Rivers are one of the main components of the ecosystem that has changed because of more pressing human activities, such as the building of small and large dams along rivers. The impact of dams on fluvial hydro-morphology in arid and semi-arid regions, such as the Middle East, has received little attention, even if such fluvial corridors represent major sources of livelihood for the local population. In this study, the influence of the Mollasadra Dam, on the hydro-morphological conditions of the Iranian Kor River is numerically investigated using iRIC MFlow_02, by considering different flooding conditions. Simulating different scenarios with and without the dam, and looking at key parameters like flow rate and velocity, sediment transport rate, and bed topography, it is evident that the dam significantly reduces the water discharge and the relative flow velocities, while it has a relatively reduced impact of the bed morphology and sediment transport. This can be ascribed to the fact that the Kor River is a capacity-limited watercourse, characterized by rather coarse material and reduced sediment transport.

Soil Fertility Detection and Crop Prediction using IoT and Machine Learning

India has huge agriculture heritage. This is the major source of livelihood for most Indian families. Farmers are seen to use fertilizers in inappropriate proportion to enhance crop yield which results in infertile land. To overcome this issue, to check the fertility level of the soil, environment conditions and predicting suitable crop and fertilizers required is need of hour. Soil fertility depends on nutrients like Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P), and Potassium (K). It is also affected by environmental factors such as temperature, moisture, humidity, etc. The proposed system provides a cost-effective solution using IoT and Machine Learning based approach to check the NPK concentration present in the soil. Based on which, user can predict the soil suitable crop. The technique used comprises an integrated light transmission and detection system which consists of three LEDs with different wavelengths. Photodiode (LDR sensor module) is used for light detection purposes. The output obtained from the photodiode is handled using a Arduino UNO microcontroller. Based on the inputs received from LDR module, NPK concentration can be evaluated. The model is trained with the Crop Prediction dataset to predict the crop using LightGBM algorithm. The proportion of NPK nutrients and the predicted crop is sent to the user as a text message through the GSM module and ThingSpeak cloud platform.

Knowledge, Practice, and Attitude on Food Handling of Street Food Vendors in Biliran Province

This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, practice and attitude of street food vendors in Biliran Province, Philippines, towards food handling. Street food vending is a major source of livelihood for many Filipinos, but it is also a source of health risks due to improper food handling. The study aimed to identify the factors that influence the food handling practices of street food vendors in Biliran Province. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among street food vendors in Biliran Province. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on street food vendors' knowledge, practice and attitude towards food handling. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The results showed that most of the street food vendors in Biliran Province had inadequate knowledge and practice regarding food handling. Most respondents had a positive attitude towards food handling but lacked adequate information on the proper food handling practices. The results of this study suggest that street food vendors in Biliran Province need to be provided with adequate information and training on food handling to improve their knowledge and practice. The local government should also consider implementing health and safety regulations to ensure street food safety.

Role of Animal Husbandry Practice in Upliftment of Socio-economic Status of Mizo Farmer: A Review

Agriculture is the major source of livelihood for the majority (85%) of the rural population in Mizoram and livestock plays an important role in that. Livestock are socially and economically very significant due to its multi-functional outputs and socio-cultural security. Dairy cattle are mainly reared by medium-scale farmers, while poultry and pigs are important sources of livelihood for the landless, near landless, marginal and small farmers. Even the milk productivity of crossbred cattle which represents 45% of the cattle is higher than the Indian average. Meat production is the major livestock activity in Mizoram and bovine meat is relished. The yield of pork is nearly three times the average productivity of the nation and it can serve as viable instruments for enhancing the income of the household. The income from the sale of eggs, chicken and pork is furthermore important to finance the daily purchases of the household.

Promoting agri-food systems resilience through ICT in developing countries amid COVID-19

An increasing body of literature has demonstrated COVID-19's harmful impact on agri-food systems, which are a major source of livelihood for millions of people worldwide. Information and communication technology (ICT) has been playing an increasing role in enhancing agri-food systems' resilience amid COVID-19. In this study, the PRISMA approach was employed to perform a systematic review of the literature from January 2020 to December 2021 on the overall impact of COVID-19 on agri-food system networks and ICT's role in enhancing agri-food system resilience in developing countries. This study reveals that COVID-19 has posed abundant obstacles to agri-food systems actors, including a lack of inputs, technical support, challenges to selling the product, transportation barriers, and low pricing. These impediments result in insufficient output, unforeseen stock, and revenue loss. COVID-19's restrictions have caused a significant food deficit by disrupting the demand and supply sides of the agri-food system networks. A high number of small-scale farmers have had to deal with food insecurity. As a result of the cumulative effects, actors in the agri-food system are getting less motivated to continue producing. This study also argues that many challenges in the agri-food systems can be overcome using ICTs, including maintaining precise farm management, product marketing, and access to production inputs. To assist stakeholders in coping with, adapting to, and building resilience in the agri-food system networks, this article emphasizes the critical need to turn to and expand the application of advanced agricultural ICTs to meet the world's growing needs for food production and to ensure the resilience and sustainability of farming systems, particularly in the face of a pandemic like COVID-19.