Major Regions Of China Research Articles

Urban Land Intensive Use Evaluation Study Based on Nighttime Light—A Case Study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Urban land intensive use meets the requirements for the sustainable development of urban land and is an important part of urban sustainable development. The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) spans the three major regions of China, which are the most active areas of China’s economy. The contradiction between humans and land is becoming more acute. There are also regional differences in land use patterns affecting the coordinated development of the YREB and the construction of an ecological civilization. Therefore, the scientific evaluation of urban land intensive use is a key area in the current research field of urban sustainable development. In this study, the YREB is chosen as the research object, and urban land intensive use is studied using nighttime light data and statistical data on the urban built-up area. An evaluation model based on urban nighttime light intensity and land urbanization is constructed with an allometric growth model. Considering that the impact of land urbanization on urban nighttime light has a possible lag effect, an evaluation model of land intensive use that considers the lag effect between urban nighttime light and the land urbanization level is proposed. Using urban agglomerations and some typical cities in the study area as research samples, the characteristics of urban nighttime light and land urbanization are analyzed to reveal the spatial and temporal characteristics of land development in the YREB. The results show that nighttime light remote-sensing data can better reflect the level of urban land use, the allometric growth model can better fit the intensity of urban light and the land urbanization level, and the allometric growth characteristics can reflect the land use characteristics of different cities and urban agglomerations. In regional experiments with typical cities and with urban agglomerations, compared to the original allometric growth model, the goodness of fit of the allometric growth model with the lag effect improves, on average, by 3.2% and 2%, respectively, with the highest increases being by 9.9% and 4.9%, respectively. The level of intensive land use in the YREB gradually decreases from east to west, and there are great differences among different cities in the provinces and urban agglomerations. The lower reaches of the Yangtze River have high land intensive use on the whole. In the middle reaches, multicenter cities have a greater efficiency of land use than the surrounding cities. In the upper reaches, only Chengdu and Chongqing have clear advantages in urban land intensive use. The results of this study can be helpful in providing an important reference for the sustainable development of land in the YREB and can provide a basis for future urban land optimization and sustainable development. Realizing the coordination and linkage between key cities and major cities is the key to enhancing the overall sustainable development ability of the core cities in the YREB.

Revealing the regional distribution of soybean lunasin content in China and the effects of climate factors by sampling extensively.

Lunasin is a novel therapeutic peptide that was initially isolated from soybean. In this study, we quantified the variations in lunasin content in a total of 413 soybean samples that were collected from four major regions in China and harvested in 2014 and 2015 to reveal the regional distribution of soybean lunasin content in China and the effects of climate factors. The results showed that the cultivar Changmidou 30 collected from Jilin province and harvested in 2015 had the highest lunasin content (3.25 g kg-1 dry seeds). The data from both 2014 and 2015 showed that the lunasin content in soybean collected from northern China was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that from south China. There was a positive correlation (P<0.01) between lunasin content and hours of sunshine (HS) as well as diurnal temperature range (DTR); however, there was a negative correlation (P<0.01) between lunasin content and rainfall (RF). In addition, combined analysis of data from 2014 and 2015 demonstrated that DTR was the dominant factor that affected lunasin content with a direct path-coefficient of 0.301. These results were anticipated to contribute to guiding the cultivation of soybean with high lunasin content. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Synoptic meteorological modes of variability for fine particulate matter (PM&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2.5&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;) air quality in major metropolitan regions of China

Abstract. In his study, we use a combination of multivariate statistical methods to understand the relationships of PM2.5 with local meteorology and synoptic weather patterns in different regions of China across various timescales. Using June 2014 to May 2017 daily total PM2.5 observations from ∼ 1500 monitors, all deseasonalized and detrended to focus on synoptic-scale variations, we find strong correlations of daily PM2.5 with all selected meteorological variables (e.g., positive correlation with temperature but negative correlation with sea-level pressure throughout China; positive and negative correlation with relative humidity in northern and southern China, respectively). The spatial patterns suggest that the apparent correlations with individual meteorological variables may arise from common association with synoptic systems. Based on a principal component analysis of 1998–2017 meteorological data to diagnose distinct meteorological modes that dominate synoptic weather in four major regions of China, we find strong correlations of PM2.5 with several synoptic modes that explain 10 to 40 % of daily PM2.5 variability. These modes include monsoonal flows and cold frontal passages in northern and central China associated with the Siberian High, onshore flows in eastern China, and frontal rainstorms in southern China. Using the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region as a case study, we further find strong interannual correlations of regionally averaged satellite-derived annual mean PM2.5 with annual mean relative humidity (RH; positive) and springtime fluctuation frequency of the Siberian High (negative). We apply the resulting PM2.5-to-climate sensitivities to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) climate projections to predict future PM2.5 by the 2050s due to climate change, and find a modest decrease of ∼ 0.5 µg m−3 in annual mean PM2.5 in the BTH region due to more frequent cold frontal ventilation under the RCP8.5 future, representing a small “climate benefit”, but the RH-induced PM2.5 change is inconclusive due to the large inter-model differences in RH projections.

Primary care workforce and continuous medical education in China: lessons to learn from a nationwide cross-sectional survey

ObjectivesThis study aimed to examine the education and training background of Chinese community health centres (CHCs) staff, continuous medical education (CME) and factors affecting participation in CME.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingCommunity health centres...

Report of China’s research growth and development in clinical microbiology

Background: To investigate the academic status of clinical microbiology in China through survey of articles in international clinical microbiology journals and compare the outputs of clinical microbiology research of three major regions in China respectively—Mainland (ML), Taiwan (TW), and Hong Kong (HK). Methods: All articles of clinical microbiology were selected from “infectious disease”, “microbiology” and “virology” categories from Journal Citation Reports (JCR) in Web of Science. Articles from the ML, TW and HK were retrieved from PubMed. The number of total articles, clinical trials, case reports, impact factors (IF) and articles published in each journal were conducted for analyzing. Results: A total of 13,109 articles from 52 clinical microbiology journals were written by Chinese authors, 8,151 of which are from ML, 3,213 from TW, and 1,745 from HK. And the number of clinical trials and case reports in China is 1,272. Accumulated IF of articles from ML (31,061.1) was much higher than that of TW (11,934.48) and HK (7,301.624), while the average IF of articles from HK is the highest. Conclusions: The total number of articles from China especially ML increased significantly and steadily in the last decade whereas the amount of articles in HK and TW had been level off. The number of articles published from the ML is dominant through three regions in China, while the quality of articles is best in HK.

Multifractal analysis of the drought area in seven large regions of China from 1961 to 2012

Based on a monthly drought index, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), we investigate the multifractality of monthly drought areas in seven major regions in China from 1961 to 2012 using multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis. The results show that multifractality is evident in the monthly time series for all seven regions, but its strength varies between areas. From the numerical results, we further examine the stationarity and persistence of the time series in the seven drought areas. The characteristics of the variance of big and small fluctuations are also analyzed. The characteristics of multifractal spectra are used to distinguish the features of the singularity of all the data, as well as the large and small fluctuations and the spread of the changes of fractal patterns, and so on, in the monthly drought area time series for the different regions. Finally, we investigate the possible source(s) of multifractality in the drought series by random shuffling as well as surrogating the original series for each region.

Profiling chemotherapy-associated myelotoxicity among Chinese gastric cancer population receiving cytotoxic conventional regimens: epidemiological features, timing, predictors and clinical impacts.

Objectives: We aim to evaluate the epidemiological features, timing, predictors and clinical impacts of chemotherapy-associated myelotoxicity in Chinese gastric cancer population receiving six established cytotoxic conventional regimens (CF/XP, EC(O)F/EC(O)X, DC(O)F/DC(O)X, PC(O)F/PC(O)X, FOLFOX4, or mFOLFOX7/XELOX).Patients and methods: A 4-year multicenter, prospective, observational study was conducted in multiple hospitals/institutes spanning three major regions in China. A total of 1,285 patients with gastric cancer, treated with six selected regimens between 2010 and 2014 were included. Kaplan-meier analysis was applied to estimate the time to develop myelotoxicity events for each regimen. Multivariable logistic regression model was built to identify predictors associated with chemotherapy-induced myelotoxicity, evaluating detailed specific factors of patients, disease and treatment patterns.Results: Triplet regimens were associated with more moderate-to-severe myelotoxicity events than doublet regimens. DC(O)F/DC(O)X group presented with moderate-to-severe anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia earlier than other regimen groups, with median time of 3.5, 4.8 and 3.3 cycles, respectively. PC(O)F/PC(O)X group had a shortest time to develop Moderate-to-Severe neutropenia (median time, 3.3 cycles). Multivariate analysis identified several independent predictors for moderate-to-severe myelotoxicity, including: baseline Hb<12.0 g/dL, male gender, KPS<80, previously treated with surgery, tumor located at gastroesophageal junction(GEJ), DC(O)F/DC(O)X regimen, palliative intent, triplet combination therapy and No. of cycles received≥4. Dose reductions≥20% occurred in 16.7% of patients and treatment delays≥7 days presented in 21.1% of patients, resulting in patients receiving an actual average Relative Dose Intensity (RDI) of 0.733.Conclusions: Myelotoxicity events were frequently observed within the gastric cancer population undertaking multicycle polychemotherapy. Predictive models based on risk factors identified for moderate-to-severe myelotoxicity should enable the targeted use of appropriate supportive care in an effort to facilitate the delivery of full chemotherapy doses on schedule.

A comparative study on decoupling relationship and influence factors between China's regional economic development and industrial energy–related carbon emissions

To study the relationship between China's regional economic development and industrial carbon emission, reveal the major influencing factors and mechanism of carbon emission change in all regions, and provide theoretical evidence for governments to formulate emission reduction strategies and policies, big data analysis and the Tapio extended model were adopted to quantitatively analyse the decoupling relationship between carbon emission and economic growth in eight major regions of China between 1996 and 2012. Logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) was also applied to decompose the main factors affecting carbon emission change in all regions. The results show that (1) the proportions of industrial energy related to carbon emissions in central China and the Beijing-Tianjin region decreased year by year while the opposite was the case in coastal areas of northern China. Furthermore, the proportions in other regions basically remained unchanged; (2) a weak decoupling relation between industry energy carbon emission and economic growth was found in most regions except in northwest China during the period 1996–2000, southwest China, south and north coastal regions during the period 2001–2005, Beijing and Tianjin during the period 2010–2012. Energy consumption decoupling factors exerted a consistent positive effect on industry energy carbon emission decoupling, with decoupling impact greater than emission factors; (3) the overall level of carbon emission reduction technology in China was low and backwards, and limited contributions have been made to economic growth and industry energy carbon emission decoupling. Development emphases of decoupling should be put on energy-saving technology promotion, industry structure upgrading and energy structure improvement in the future; (4) economic intensity effect has exerted the most powerful positive influence on carbon emissions, except in developed areas, and the positive effect was weaker than that in other regions.

Impact of urbanization on energy related CO2 emission at different development levels: Regional difference in China based on panel estimation

We examined the influence of urbanization on CO2 emission at different development levels employing the stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence and technology (STIRPAT) model on provincial panel data from 1995 to 2013 for China. To investigate regional differences based on development levels in the effects of urbanization on CO2 emission, we divided the 29 provinces of China into three regions according to their per capita real GDP at constant value (1990 = 100). The panel estimation for the whole dataset and the three regions showed an inverted U relationship between urbanization and CO2 emission in the major regions of China. Specifically, the effects of urbanization vary significantly across the regions. In region 2 and region 3, a threshold level was identified, beyond which the emission urbanization elasticity was negative, and further increases in the urbanization rate did not contribute to higher emissions. However, in region 1, only population and affluence, rather than urbanization, were significant factors affecting CO2 emissions. In addition, the results did not confirm the environmental Kuznets Curve relationship between income and CO2 emission, where CO2 emission increases monotonically with income. We propose a series of policy implications based on these outcomes to help realize emission reduction targets better.

Growing Trend of China's Contribution to Global Diabetes Research: A Systematic Literature Review.

China, as a rapidly developing country with the largest population in the world, is playing an increasingly important role in diabetes research. There are >10,000 diabetes doctors who care for a large population of diabetic patients. The quantity and quality of research on diabetes from 3 major regions of China, including Mainland China (ML), Taiwan (TW), and Hong Kong (HK), is unknown. We aimed to analyze the contributions of each of these 3 regions to diabetes research.Articles on diabetes originating from ML, TW, and HK that were published from 2005 to 2014 were retrieved from the Web of Science. The quantity of articles, citations, article types, and articles published in high-impact journals were analyzed.A total of 9302 articles were retrieved from the 3 regions of China. There were 6775 from ML, 1993 from TW, and 534 from HK, with an increasing trend in publications from 2005 to 2014. After 2006, the number of publications from ML exceeded TW and HK. The largest total number of citations (48,296) was from ML. The highest mean citations, however, were from HK (15.90). PLoS One was the most popular journal in all 3 regions. The greatest number of RCTs, clinical trials, meta-analyses, and articles published in high-impact journals were from ML.There has been a significant increase in the number of articles published on diabetes research from China during the past 10 years. Most of the articles were published by authors in ML, and an increasing trend began in 2006. HK had the highest quality research output in terms of mean citations per article.

A comparative analysis of scientific publications in management journals by authors from Mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Macau: 2003–2012

The purpose of this paper is to compare the quantity and quality of management articles published in international journals by authors from the four major regions of China. The results showed that both the quality and quantity of papers published in management journals from ML, HK, and TW greatly improved from 2003 to 2012. Publication from MC also increased. TW exceeded ML and HK in the accumulated factors. HK and TW had the highest mean impact factor. ML published the most papers, and the most frequently cited paper came from ML. However, publications from ML were unevenly distributed among the provinces.

Health sciences journals: an overview of outputs by Chinese authors.

To analyse the contributions of authors from three major regions of China - the Mainland (ML), Hong Kong (HK) and Taiwan (TW) - in the field of health care sciences and services. Articles published by Chinese authors between 1998 and 2012 in the category of health care sciences and services were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) database. The numbers of total articles, impact factors, citations, articles included in the top 10 highest impact journals and the 10 journals that published the most papers were recorded. ML, HK and TW published 615, 415 and 1162, respectively, with accumulated impact factors of 1281.65, 904.29 and 2361.44; average impact factor of 2.08, 2.18 and 2.03; and total citation times of 2313, 2652, and 4818. Regarding the top 10 high-impact journals, ML, HK and TW accounted for 28.25%, 27.68% and 44.07%, respectively. Total impact factors of the most popular 10 journals for ML, HK and TW were 20.86, 22.08 and 18.92, respectively. Both the quality and quantity of papers published in health care sciences and services journals from ML, HK and TW have greatly improved. ML and HK have different strong points, while the gap with TW diminished.

A dynamic stochastic frontier model to evaluate regional financial efficiency: Evidence from Chinese county-level panel data

Studies have widely used stochastic frontier models to assess financial efficiency; however, traditional static approaches do not take dynamic characteristics of financial systems into account. This article develops a dynamic stochastic frontier model to evaluate regional financial efficiency and provides an empirical test of the model by using panel data of 62 Chinese counties during the 2001–2010 period. The model measures the dynamic impact of the input–output variables and environmental variables on financial efficiency, and allows for the separation of technical change from the change in technical efficiency. The results show that the dynamic model provides a better fit to the data than the static model. In addition, a gradient difference emerges in the regional financial efficiency among the six major regions of China. The results offer practical implications for the development of regional financial services in China, as well as other developing countries and emerging economies.

Patrilineal Background of Esophageal Cancer and Gastric Cardia Cancer Patients in a Chaoshan High-Risk Area in China

The Taihang Mountain range of north-central China, the Southern region area of Fujian province, and the Chaoshan plain of Guangdong province are 3 major regions in China well known for their high incidence of esophageal cancer (EC). These areas also exhibit high incidences of gastric cardia cancer (GCC). The ancestors of the Chaoshanese, now the major inhabitants in the Chaoshan plain, were from north-central China. We hypothesized that EC and GCC patients in Chaoshan areas share a common ancestry with Taihang Mountain patients. We analyzed 16 East Asian-specific Y-chromosome biallelic markers (single nucleotide polymorphisms; Y-SNPs) and 6 Y-chromosome short tandem repeat (Y-STR) loci in 72 EC and 48 GCC patients from Chaoshan and 49 EC and 63 GCC patients from the Taihang Mountain range. We also compared data for 32 Chaoshan Hakka people and 24 members of the aboriginal She minority who live near the Chaoshan area. Analysis was by frequency distribution and principal component, correlation and hierarchical cluster analysis of Y-SNP. Chaoshan patients were closely related to Taihang Mountain patients, even though they are geographically distant. Y-STR analysis revealed that the 4 patient groups were more closely related with each other than with other groups. Network analysis of the haplogroup O3a3c1-M117 showed a high degree of patient-specific substructure. We suggest that EC and GCC patients from these 2 areas share a similar patrilineal genetic background, which may play an important role in the genetic factor of EC and GCC in these populations.

Prediction of China's Water Shortage in the Year of 2025

In order to predict the demand of fresh water in China in the year of 2025, a mathematical model is proposed based on the summation of demand of water in ten major regions in China. The gray model is applied to predict the fresh water resource in the year of 2025 while neural network model is applied to predict the fresh water demand. The degree of water shortage is evaluated by the international water scarcity assessment criteria which are commonly used. The conclusion is that some provinces in China may be faced with big challenges for water shortage.

Urbanization in Western China

China has experienced considerable urbanization in the past 60 years, especially since the implementation of the Economic Reform and Opening-up Policy in 1978. In 1949, there were only 132 cities with an urban population of 27.4 million, while in 2008 China had 652 cities with a total urban population of 606 million. Such urbanization is attributed to the boost in the number of cities and the urban population. Urban expansion enhanced geographic inequality between the three major regions in China. Compared with the eastern and central regions, western China only has 19% of the total cities and 18% of the urban population. The urbanization rate was 37.2% for the western region in 2008, while it reached 53.3% for the eastern regions and 45.3% for central China. Using a geographic information system (GIS) and statistical analyses, this study aims at explaining the structure and spatial development of urbanization, and highlighting the current issues of urban inequality in western China during the past two de...

Occurrence of Ochratoxin A in Chinese wines: influence of local meteorological parameters

A total of 119 wines, including 115 dry wines (77 red, 34 white, 4 rose) and 4 ice wines, were obtained from four major regions around China (east, northeast, west, and northwest) from 1999 to 2009. Ochratoxin A (OTA) was detected by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The OTA levels ranged from <0.1 to 5.65 μg/L. The wines from the northeast area had the highest OTA level, with an average concentration of 2.18 μg/L. Analysis of the correlation between meteorological parameters and the OTA concentration in red wine revealed that the OTA concentration was positively correlated with rainfall in August, but negatively correlated with the average temperature. No significant correlation was found with the daily range of temperature and relative humidity. The results show that climate factors affect the OTA distribution in wines from the four major regions of China.

Scientific publications on systematic review and meta-analysis from Chinese authors: a 10-year survey of the English literature.

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are playing an increasingly important role in clinical research and practice. This study aimed to measure the scientific production of systematic review and meta-analysis from the three major regions of China: the Mainland (ML), Hong Kong (HK), and Taiwan (TW). English articles on systematic review and meta-analysis from ML, HK, and TW from 2001 to 2010 were retrieved from the PubMed database. The total number of articles, impact factors (IF), and articles published in high-impact journals were conducted for quantity and quality comparisons among the three regions. There were 1 587 published articles from ML (1 292), HK (203), and TW (92) during the past ten years. The annual total numbers of articles in the three regions increased significantly from 2001 to 2010 (from 13 to 677). The number of articles from ML has exceeded that from TW since 2001, and surpassed that from HK in 2003. The accumulated IF of articles from ML (3 488.24) was higher than those from HK (493.16) and TW (216.39). HK had the highest average IF of 3.31, followed by ML of 2.90 and TW of 2.85. Researchers from HK published a larger proportion of papers in high-impact journals than those from ML and TW. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was the most popular journal in China. Chinese authors have been very active to enhance the systematic review and meta-analysis research over the past ten years, especially in ML. The gap between ML and the other two regions has been narrowed. But there is still considerable room for Chinese authors to improve their studies on systematic review and meta-analysis.

Productivity in China's high technology industry: Regional heterogeneity and R&D

This paper analyzes the impact of Research and Development (R&D) on the productivity of China's high technology industry. In order to capture important differences in the effect of R&D on output that arise from geographic and socioeconomic differences across three major regions in China, we use a novel semiparametric approach that allows us to model heterogeneities across provinces and time. Using a unique provincial level panel dataset spanning the period 2000–2007, we find that the impact of R&D on output varies substantially in terms of magnitude and significance across different regions. Results show that the eastern region benefits the most from R&D investments, however it benefits the least from technical progress, while the western region benefits the least from R&D investments, but enjoys the highest benefits from technical progress. The central region benefits from R&D investments more than the western region and benefits from technical progress more than the eastern region. Our results suggest that R&D investments would significantly increase output in both the eastern and central regions, however technical progress in the central region may further compound the effects of R&D on output within the region.

Publications in ISI-indexed public health journals from mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan during 1999–2008

SummaryBackgroundThere has been a steady increase in China’s annual research output. We aimed to investigate the research output in public health from 3 major regions of China: mainland China (ML), Hong Kong (HK) and Taiwan (TW).Material/MethodsWe retrieved papers published in 105 public health-related journals from ML, HK and TW with the applications of the ISI Web of Knowledge database. The total papers, impact factor, times cited, papers published in the highest impact factor journals, and most often published journals were analyzed for quantity and quality comparisons among the 3 regions.ResultsTotally, 2587 papers were published during 1999–2008, including 1089 (42.1%) from ML, 471 (18.2%) from HK, and 1027 (39.7%) from TW. The total annual number of papers from the 3 regions increased significantly, from 140 in 1999 to 424 in 2008. The average impact factor of papers from TW (2.588) was higher than those from HK (2.531) and ML (1.568). The average number of times cited of each paper from TW was 8.84, followed by 8.34 from HK and 5.90 from ML. Excluding publications in Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, papers from ML had higher average IF and average times cited. TW had the most articles published in the highest impact factor journals, and HK had the highest total IF of most often published journals.ConclusionsThe total number of papers in public health from China increased significantly during 1999–2008. ML contributed the highest annual paper output compared with HK and TW, but papers from ML are more often locally published and less frequently cited.