Major Reason For Death Research Articles

Basal Cell Carcinoma in a Case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus – A Case Report

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune with autoantibody production, complementactivation, and immune complex deposition. SLE patients have higher mortality rates as compared to the general populationEven though there have been improvements in finding and treating diseases, cancer is still a major reason for death in this group.The most common type of cancer is Basal cell carcinoma, and it is widespread. The risk of malignancy in SLE is of considerableinterest because the immune and genetic pathways underlying the pathogenesis of SLE and the immunosuppressant drugs (ISDs)used in its management may mediate this altered risk. Here, we present a case of long-standing SLE in an elderly female who wason treatment for the same. She presented with a chronic ulcer over her scalp. She got checked, and a biopsy showed she hadBasal Cell Carcinoma on her scalp. Doctors removed it with surgery and covered the open area with skin from another part ofher body. At her first checkup, everything looked good, and the new skin was healing well. Even though skin cancers are knownto happen in people with certain skin conditions, getting Basal Cell Carcinoma with lupus is very uncommon. In various cohortstudies of adults with SLE and overall risk of malignancy, ranging from 1992 to 2017, it was found that though cutaneousmalignancies did occur, not a single study reported Basal Cell Carcinoma.

Overview of Cancers and Impact of Music Therapy in Intervention: A Literature Review

Cancer is taken under consideration as a fatal disease. It’s caused by a spread of things including unhealthy lifestyles, pollution, stress, radiation exposure, infection, tobacco consumption, and unhealthy food choices. There are several varieties of cancer that affect the chassis and their growth varies depending on the type. Cancer could be a major reason for death after a heart condition. There are 10 million new cases of cancer and approximately 5 million deaths in 2020 were caused by cancer (World Health Organization, 2018)1, and deaths from cancer worldwide are projected to still rise to over 20 million by 2025 (Stewart and Wild. 2014)2. There are several intervention modes to treat cancer patients. Besides medical intervention, there are prominent psychosocial concerns that have a very noticeable impact on intervention in the case of cancer patients. Cancer treatment facilities in India have incorporated psychosocial services into cancer care by routinely assessing patients’ levels of distress. For that Music therapy can improve their quality of life by addressing the emotional, spiritual, and physical needs that will arise during this point. Furthermore, music therapy also can be applied to assist relationships throughout the grieving process by providing comfort, continuity, and opportunities for specific feelings of loss (Rossetti et al., 2017)3. Hence, there’s a greater need and justification for exploring the scope of using music therapy with cancer patients, especially in low-income countries, including India

An efficient deep learning scheme to detect breast cancer using mammogram and ultrasound breast images

Breast cancer is the second major reason of death among women around the world. Early and accurate breast cancer detection is important for proper treatment planning to save a life. In this paper, a deep learning-based ensemble classifier is proposed for the detection of breast cancer. The primary contributions are: (1) an efficient deep learning-based breast cancer detection method that can exhibit admirable performance with a small dataset; (2) the integration of three efficient transfer learning models (AlexNet, ResNet, and MobileNetV2), which lead to more accurate results; (3) the use of residual learning, depthwise separable convolution, and inverted residual bottleneck structure to make the system faster, as well as skip connection to make optimization easier and lastly, employing Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) and modified high-boosting to improve performance. The experimental results convey that the suggested scheme gives superior classification performance by achieving an accuracy of 99.17% to detect abnormality and 97.75% to detect malignancy on the mini-DDSM dataset. Similarly, on the ultrasound dataset (BUSI), it provides accuracies of 96.92% and 94.62% to detect abnormality and malignancy, respectively. It also gives the best performance in another ultrasound dataset, BUS2, with 97.50% accuracy. Therefore, because of its versatility and reliability, the proposed model can be used for breast cancer detection in multimodal datasets.

Clinicopathological correlation of Cathepsin K expression in salivary gland carcinomas; relation to patients` outcome

BackgroundSalivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) represent various groups of tumors that demonstrate marked diversity in their prognosis owing to different histology and clinical characteristics. One of the poor prognostic indicators is distant metastasis which is considered the major reason for death in SGC patients. Discovering new biomarkers is urgently required to aid in the detection of cancer onset and progression. Cathepsin K (CTSK), the lysosomal cysteine protease has a principal role in cancer invasion and progression through interaction with the tumor microenvironment, degradation of extracellular membrane proteins and destruction of the elastic lamina of blood vessels. In the English literature, little information was present about the role of CTSK in SGCs. The current study aimed to assess the immunohistochemical expression of CTSK in SGCs and correlate its expression to different clinicopathologic parameters.MethodsThe retrospective study applied to 45 cases of SGCs categorized as high-grade (33 cases) and low-grade SGCs (12 cases) following the criteria of WHO classification (2017) of head and neck tumors. All patients` clinicopathological and follow-up records were retrieved. The following statistical tests were used to study the variance of CTSK expression in SGCs concerning different clinicopathological parameters; Pearson`s Chi-square test, unpaired two-tailed student t-test, One-way ANOVA, and Post Hoc tests. Disease-free survival (DFS) and Overall survival (OS) were calculated and displayed with the Kaplan–Meier strategy and analyzed with the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed with Cox regression. A P-value lesser than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsStrong CTSK expression was significantly related to high-grade SGCs (P = 0.000), large infiltrating carcinomas (P = 0.000), presence of nodal (P = 0.041) and distant metastasis (P = 0.009), advanced TNM clinical stage (P = 0.000), the incidence of recurrence (P = 0.009), and reduced DFS (P = 0.006). Distant metastasis was the independent predictor for DFS using Cox regression model.ConclusionsCTSK has a great role in cancer progression by triggering many signaling pathways. Its level in cancerous tissue is considered an effective index for predicting the severity and prognosis of cancer. Therefore, we indicate its utility as a prognostic tool and therapeutic target for cancer treatment.Trial registrationRetrospectively registered.

A «Push&Plug» Lifesaving Device to Prevent Exsanguination

Introduction:Severe bleeding from external wounds is a major reason for death. Immediate control of hemorrhage is of highest priority. We present the novel Acute Wound Occluder (AWO) which was developed for rapid and targeted wound occlusion. Here, we present the design, in-vitro testing, and in-vivo performance compared to QuikClot® using a clinically-relevant pig model.Method:AWO is made of an applicator with pushing function into which a self-expanding, Silicone coated Nitinol meshgraft is mounted to enable plugging into the wound-channel. In-vitro tests included biocompatibility, cytotoxicity, skin sensitization, and aging validation. Next, 12 pigs underwent standardized sized femoral-artery puncture to mimic life-threatening bleeding and were either treated with the AWO (n=6) or QuikClot® (control). Animals were followed-up for 4hrs, before device-removal macroscopic assessment.Results:The AWO successfully passed all in-vitro tests. The AWO could be delivered within 40±15 seconds to the wound to achieve instant bleeding control, and no additional manual compression needed. Quick Clot application was less convenient, with approximately four minutes (application 56±8ss, plus three minutes of manual compression) to achieve bleeding control. In all AWO treated pigs, exsanguination could be prevented immediately, no major blood-pressure drops occurred, with four pigs where bleeding could be completely stopped, and two pigs with irrelevant oozing which stopped within 75-150 seconds leading to minimal blood-loss of 12ml and 2ml. Tissue-analysis showed only small hematomas in five out of six animals. In contrast, QuickClot treated pigs showed significant bleeding and a blood-loss of 19ml. All six pigs showed substantial hematomas, two out of six showed very large hematomas. AWO application appeared to be safe with no peri-procedural adverse-events (AEs) or collateral damage to surrounding tissues.Conclusion:The AWO enables rapid and targeted control of life-threatening bleeding without any AEs. The AWO may represent a promising hemostatic device for bullet or knife-stab wounds.

Why people die of active tuberculosis in the era of effective chemotherapy in Southern Ethiopia: A qualitative study

BackgroundHigh TB mortality is increasingly understood as an indicator of different problems in the health system and community. Limited awareness of TB in the community, restricted accessibility and/or quality of health services can hamper survival. Exploration and analysis of death among TB patients can lead to a clearer and specific understanding of why the deaths happened and where interventions are likely to make a difference in a specific context. ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess why people die of active tuberculosis in the era of effective chemotherapy. MethodsThe study was conducted from October to December 2020 in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance System (AM-HDSS) by applying phenomenological study design. A total of 27 family members of people who had died of TB, 9 health extension workers (HEW) and 8 health care professionals working in TB clinics were participated in open in-depth interview. A total of 130 individuals participated in 16 focus group discussion which composed of patient survived from TB, religious leader, health development army (HAD) and HEWs. Adequacy of information (saturation) was considered as an adequate sample size to create the intended qualitative product. All the interviews and FGD were tape recorded and recordings were transcribed immediately. ATLAS TI 9 software was used to analyse and process qualitative data. From data set codes were created then by identifying pattern among them themes were created. Then, generated themes were compared and some of them were split, combined, discarded and new ones created after returning to data set. Finally, themes were defined and a concise and easily understandable name was given for each theme. ResultLuck of sufficient knowledge about TB was considered to be a reason for cause of death. Most of the time, TB patients underestimate and ignore when the symptoms first emerge and will not relate it with any diseases. The low level of community awareness about the cause, transmission, treatment and prevention highly contributed to increased transmission rate and death due to TB. The study identified misconceptions in the community; they prefer traditional medicine to the scientific way. First, they try different herbal medicine to get relief from their illness. At the end, if the disease is getting worse, they visit health facilities. Participants mentioned high transportation cost, poor health seeking behaviours, inadequate food consumption and lack of TB awareness as reasons for low treatment adherence. The health facilities were inaccessible for the community. Most of them indicated that health facilities were too far to reach. In some health institution, right amount and combination of medication were not delivery on time and Diagnostic facilities for TB were reported to be inadequate. ConclusionPoor treatment adherence, lack of TB awareness, stigma, inadequate food consumption, poor health care seeking behaviour and inaccessibility of health facility were identified as major reasons for death. To prevent death of TB patients all sectors such as education, health, and agriculture should work to address health education, infrastructures, nutritional supplementation needs of TB patients, caregivers and the community as a whole.

Desialylated Mesenchymal Stem Cells-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Loaded with Doxorubicin for Targeted Inhibition of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the dominating causes of cancer-related death throughout the world. Treatment options for patients with HCC vary, however, the lack of effective targeted drugs is the major reason for death in advanced HCC patients. In this study, a delivery system based on mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) loaded with doxorubicin (Dox) was developed. In this system, we initially erased terminal linked α2–3 and α2–6 sialic acids on the surface of EVs by neuraminidase. The exhibition of galactose (Gal) and N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residues in treated MSC-EVs can specifically be recognized by asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) of hepatoma cells. Compared to free Dox and Dox-loaded EVs, desialylated EVs loaded with Dox significantly presented the improved cellular uptake, prioritized targeting efficacy, and had a better inhibiting effect in vitro and in vivo. Overall, the results of the present study of the demonstrated delivery system using desialylated MSC-EVs suggest its therapeutic potential for HCC.

Effect of Hypertension, Waist-to-Height Ratio, and Their Transitions on the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Analysis from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

Background Diabetes is a major reason of death and disability worldwide and frequently coexists with hypertension and central obesity. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of hypertension, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and their dynamic transitions on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) onset among middle-aged and elderly people in China. Methods We analyzed 9843 participants free of T2DM (average age, 59.04 ± 9.26 years) at baseline from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We classified the participants into the following four categories based on hypertension and WHtR statuses: nonhypertensive with a normal WHtR (NHNW); hypertensive with a normal WHtR (HTNW); nonhypertensive with an elevated WHtR (NHEW); and hypertensive with an elevated WHtR (HTEW). By using a Cox proportional hazards regression model, we assessed whether hypertension, WHtR, and their transitions over time correlated with T2DM risk. Results During the follow-up of 8 years, 1263 participants developed incident T2DM. The hazard ratio (HR) for T2DM was 1.48 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.97), 1.56 (95% CI: 1.27, 1.92), and 2.15 (95% CI: 1.74, 2.67) in the HTNW, NHEW, and HTEW groups, respectively, compared with the NHNW group after controlling for confounding factors. When stratified by statuses of hypertension and WHtR transitions, the participants who transitioned from HTNW to HTEW (HR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.24-3.17), or NHEW to NHNW/HTNW (HR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.14–2.65), or remained NHEW (HR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.04-1.93), or NHEW to HTEW (HR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.66-3.49), or remained HTEW (HR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.87-3.37) during the follow-up period showed a higher T2DM risk than the consistently NHNW participants. Conclusions Being HTNW, NHEW or HTEW or occurring adverse transitions between those states was strongly associated with T2DM onset. Effectively warding off hypertension and central obesity or preventing their further aggravation may substantially decrease the T2DM risk.

Awareness of non-communicable diseases in women: a cross-sectional study

Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD) are the major reason for death, morbidity, loss of independency and public health cost. NCD prevalence could be significantly reduced by adopting a healthy lifestyle. This cross-sectional cohort study (online survey) in 221 women aimed to assess NCD awareness, knowledge about NCD prevention and willingness to adopt a healthier lifestyle in women. Overall, NCD awareness level was quite high with, however, information mainly originating from lay media, probably being one reason for false estimations of age groups mainly affected by NCD, impact of NCD on quality of life, NCD mortalities, and the extent of NCD prevention by lifestyle interventions, respectively. Furthermore, also due to mainly lay media, half of women knew online NCD risk calculators, most of them would like to know their NCD risk, but only few had been offered NCD risk calculation by their physician. The mean threshold for willing to adopt a healthier lifestyle was a roughly calculated 37% 5–10 years risk to develop a certain NCD. Acceptance of non-pharmacological interventions for NCD prevention was high, however, major barriers for not implementing a healthier lifestyle were lack of expert information and lack of time. In conclusion, future public health strategies should focus on distributing better understandable and correct information about NCD as well as meeting the individuals’ request for personalized NCD risk calculation. Furthermore, physicians should be better trained for personalized NCD prevention counseling.

Three-dimensional models of the lung: past, present and future: a mini review.

Respiratory diseases are a major reason for death in both men and women worldwide. The development of therapies for these diseases has been slow and the lack of relevant human models to understand lung biology inhibits therapeutic discovery. The lungs are structurally and functionally complex with many different cell types which makes designing relevant lung models particularly challenging. The traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell line cultures are, therefore, not a very accurate representation of the in vivo lung tissue. The recent development of three-dimensional (3D) co-culture systems, popularly known as organoids/spheroids, aims to bridge the gap between 'in-dish' and 'in-tissue' cell behavior. These 3D cultures are modeling systems that are widely divergent in terms of culturing techniques (bottom-up/top-down) that can be developed from stem cells (adult/embryonic/pluripotent stem cells), primary cells or from two or more types of cells, to build a co-culture system. Lung 3D models have diverse applications including the understanding of lung development, lung regeneration, disease modeling, compound screening, and personalized medicine. In this review, we discuss the different techniques currently being used to generate 3D models and their associated cellular and biological materials. We further detail the potential applications of lung 3D cultures for disease modeling and advances in throughput for drug screening.

Recent Development in Metallic Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer Therapy and Diagnosis.

Metal-based nanoparticles are very promising for their applications in cancer diagnosis, drug delivery and therapy. Breast cancer is the major reason of death in woman especially in developed countries including EU and USA. Due to the heterogeneity of cancer cells, nanoparticles are effective as therapeutics and diagnostics. Anti-cancer therapy of breast tumors is challenging because of highly metastatic progression of the disease to brain, bone, lung, and liver. Magnetic nanoparticles are crucial for metastatic breast cancer detection and protection. This review comprehensively discusses the application of nanomaterials as breast cancer therapy, therapeutics, and diagnostics.

Side-Sweep Accident Detection System using Ultrasonic sensor

Accidents are one of the major reasons for loss of life. Many numbers of deaths occur due to road accidents. Passenger safety acts as the most important parameter. Carelessness is the first and foremost reason for the major accidents. This paper makes us to understand the cause of accidents, especially the side sweep accidents which occur in multi-lane highways. Side-sweep accidents acts as the major reason for death which occur due to accidents. This is when the driver wants to change the lane at the same time the other driver or vehicle obstructs the road within the same lane. Our objective is to know and simulate the different kind factors that have an effect on the chance of side sweep accidents. As an example, we all know that blind spots, components of the road that don’t seem to be visible to the driving force directly or through the rear-view mirrors. Similarly, the frequency produced with that a driver gives a glance to his rear-view mirrors before deciding to change the lane affects the chance of the accident. Even there is an intuition that may cause side-sweep accidents are additional possible if there’s a big distinction within the velocities of the vehicle and also the targeted lanes. There are a lot of factors that may cut back the chance of the accident: as an example, the sign of the lane change by the driving force will alert the near vehicles concerning the lane change, and that they will change their behaviors as if no accidents or commotion can happen.

The association of Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphisms with the coronary artery disease

Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the major reason for death in today’s world. Among these non-communicable diseases, the prevalence of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) ranked highest. Worldwide among these CVDs Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the most common cause of mortality and morbidity. It is a multifactorial disorder and is influenced by many genes to environment and gene to gene interactions. The lack of physical activity, unhealthy diet routine, stress and smoking are the most common lifestyle-related risk factors. The family history, ethnicity and genetic polymorphisms including the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes also increase the susceptibility to the CAD. One of the most important polymorphisms is in the gene paraoxonase 1 (PON1). Single nucleotide polymorphism in this gene can alter its hydrolytic activity as the mutant allele carriers are more susceptible to CAD as the wild allele type is more effective in inhibiting the oxidation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDLC) as compared to the mutant isoform. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize the association between the polymorphisms in the PON1 gene and coronary artery disease. Moreover, we also conclude that the several in-silico tools and pharmacogenomics approaches can play a potential role in the treatment of coronary artery diseases.

IoT Based Smart Road Safety and Vehicle Accident Prevention System for Mountain Roads

Within the upgrading countries, the accident is that the major reason for death. If we tend to remark dangerous roads within the world then all of them area unit mountain roads and curvy roads. The intensity of the deaths area unit additional in incurved roads. Within the mountain roads, there'll be slim roads with tight curves. In such forms of things, the driving force of a vehicle cannot see vehicles coming back from the alternative aspect. as a result of this downside, thousands of individuals lose their lives every year. Whereas we tend to area unit talking regarding mountain roads here alternative aspect can because of a drop-off. The answer for this downside is alerting the driver regarding the vehicle coming back from an alternative aspect. One among the answer is planned during this paper. We will alert the driver by inserting an inaudible sensing element in one aspect of the road before the curve and keeping the junction rectifier light-weight alternative aspect of the curve, so if the vehicle comes from one finish of the curve sensing element can sense the vehicle and junction rectifier light-weight glows at the other aspect as Red. By gazing at the Red junction rectifier light-weight driver will become alert and might prevent the speed of the vehicle. Still, if an associate accident happens we will save the life of the victim by giving medical help like a shot. This will increase the survival probabilities of victims.

Analysis on segmentation and biomarker‐based approaches for liver cancer detection: A survey

Liver cancer is the major reason for death in this entire world. Manual detection of cancer tissue is found time consuming and difficult. Therefore, the development of an automatic detection approach with high accuracy for liver cancer is considered as the main aim of this work. The image processing approach can use the CAD for the classification of liver cancer in order to assist the physician in the decision-making process. An automated approach to effective classification of the liver tumour using effective features is conveyed in terms of the CAD system. Traditionally, radiologists delineate the liver and liver lesion on a slice-by-slice basis, which is time consuming and susceptible to inter- and intra-rater variations. Automatic methods for the segmentation of liver and liver tumours are, thus, highly demanded in clinical practice. A systematic review is being carried out to detect reported liver cancer from 2013 to 2020. Finally, a more precise technical direction is provided for all researchers in this review. Research gaps for earlier detection and its potential future aspects are also discussed.

A Unified Automated Segmentation Technique for the Left Ventricle Segmentation in Cardiac MRI

Though the technology updated for every minute of time to aid all kinds of problems facing in every day practical life, the technique requires amelioration to solve or support specific kinds of problems like early identification of cardiovascular disease. For the past decades, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the major reason for death. Cardiac MRI is useful for acquiring the anatomical data of the alive heart for the clinical diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. F rom the LV Segmentation on cardiac MRI, the important parameters estimated to diagnose are ejection fraction, left ventricle myocardium mass, stroke volume, etc. Hence segmenting the LV automatically plays a significant role in helping the physician to test cardiac functions quickly since manual segmentation is a time-consuming work. This Automatic Segmentation also eliminates manual errors during evaluation. Therefore, to discuss the problem we propose enhanced techniques that is a unified method to segment the left ventricle automatically from the cardiac MRI image. The algorithm demonstrated in this work is to combine existing segmentations in an efficient way to give even more efficient and accurate results. two performance evaluation techniques namely APD and DICE to quantify the result. Outcomes obtained are then compared with recent segmentation methods to show the efficiency of the unified segmentation technique.

Abstract 3700: Role of salivary miRNAs and their target genes in oral cancer patients as a potential diagnostic tool

Abstract Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major cancer type worldwide, ranked in among top ten cancers. However, in South Asia, OSCC is at third position in commonly occurring cancer. Pakistan is ranked at tenth level in world but second in South Asia in OSCC. High ratio of cancer suggests that it is a major reason of death around the globe and is mainly because of the late-stage diagnosis. Metastasis of OSCC depends on many environmental and genetic factors including different genes, proteins and non-coding RNAs i.e. miRNAs. In cancer cells, miRNAs express themselves differentially. This differential expression of miRNAs in cancer cells can be explored and is worth considering as a diagnostic biomarker. On account of these facts, this study was designed to aim at detection of miRNAs and their target genes in OSCC through functional and expression analysis. We already have reported a list of miRNAs and their differentially expressed target genes in OSCC along with their functional and network analysis, in an in silico study. To evaluate the role of miRNAs and their target genes in OSCC patients of Pakistan, we measured the expression of four miRNAs; miR-300, miR-27a-3p, miR-340-5p, miR-205-3p with their corresponding target genes; ALB, CDH1, CACNA1, ARID5B, CDKN1A, BCL2, ABL1 in saliva samples of patients (n=100) and healthy controls (n=100). Total RNA was extracted from saliva samples; cDNA was synthesized and real time quantitative PCR was used to measure the expression. Preliminary results showed that miRNAs were down regulated in saliva samples of patients as compared to healthy controls. Consequently, target genes of each miRNA were dysregulated in patients. miR-300 targets CDH-1 and ALB and there was a direct relationship of miR-300 with ALB. Both of them were down regulated in OSCC patients. We found a down regulation in the expression of miRNA-27a-3p and its target genes CACNA1I and ARID5B in the saliva samples of patients when compared with the healthy controls. This suggests that there is a direct relationship between the miRNA-27a-3p and its target genes CACNA1I and ARID5B. We identified that miRNA-340-5p targets BCL2 and CDKN1A genes; miR-340-5p was down regulated by targeting both genes and also down regulated their expression, which results in OSCC. miRNA-205-3p targets ABL1 gene and there is direct relationship between the two. Both of them were down regulated in OSCC patients and change in expression leads to OSCC. The change in expression pattern of miRNAs and their target genes suggests a potential diagnostic role of these miRNAs in early detection of OSCC by saliva samples at early stages. Citation Format: Muhammad Jawad Khan, Andleeb Zahra, Ghulam Rabia, Syeda Aba Ali, Shanza Sahar, Sobia Bibi, M. Qaiser Fatmi. Role of salivary miRNAs and their target genes in oral cancer patients as a potential diagnostic tool [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3700.

Single Virus Targeting Multiple Organs: What We Know and Where We Are Heading?

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has already infected more than 6. 3 million people worldwide as of 1st June 2020 and caused a global medical emergency. Healthcare professionals have been struggling to devise appropriate therapeutic strategies against the virus mainly due to the diverse range of symptoms and multiple-organ failure in infected patients. Several broad-spectrum antiviral drugs are being used for treatment; however, there is yet no specific drug or vaccine against the virus. Multiple-organ failure due to hyperactivity of the immune system resulting in cytokine storms is a major reason for death among the 5% critically ill patients. In this article, we have discussed the damage caused by COVID-19 on different organs of the human body.

A SURVEY ON DETECTION OF HEART DISEASE

Coronary disease is one of the most huge reasons for mortality on the planet today. Expectation of cardiovascular infection is a basic test in the region of clinical information investigation. Among them heart disease are the major reasons for death. Hazard factors like undesirable weight control plans, physical dormancy, smoking propensities, hypertension, high blood cholesterol, unpredictable heartbeat rate, diabetes, dietary patterns, age being a significant help for happening heart infections. Taking in to justification the above-mentioned distressing conditions, this paper is motivated in the Trend of emphasizing of the control and restrictions of previously recommended category strategies referred in the recent literature. In addition summarizing the literature, the paper also offers a vital valuation of the surveyed literature which reveals novel sides of studies.

Venous thromboembolic events in glioblastoma patients: Common complication but not a major reason for death.

e14530 Background: Venous thromboembolic events (VTE) are a major complication in cancer patients. Anticoagulant use is the appropriate treatment for acute VTE in cancer patients, although associated with increased risk for bleeding, especially in brain tumor patients. In glioblastoma patients it remains unclear whether occurrence of VTE is associated with survival and to what extent thromboprophylaxis is necessary and efficient. Methods: Frequency, risk factors, and treatment of VTE as well as its complications were assessed in an epidemiological glioblastoma cohort in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland, in the years 2005 to 2014. Association of clinical data with survival were retrospectively analyzed using the log rank test. Results: Four-hundred-nineteen patients diagnosed with isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype glioblastoma were identified in the 10-year time-frame. Median overall survival (OS) was 12.4 months (95% CI 11.4-13.4) with a median follow up of 64.5 months (95% CI 46.6-82.4).VTE were seen in 65 patients (15.7%; 5 patients with missing information on VTE).Median time from diagnosis of glioblastoma to occurrence of VTE was 2.0 months (95% CI 0.8-3.1). A history of VTE was found in 6 patients (9.2%). Thirty-nine patients were on steroids (62.5%; 1 patient with missing data) at time of diagnosis of VTE, and 35 patients (56%; 3 patients with missing data) had a Karnofsky Performance Score of less than 70%. At the time patients were diagnosed with VTE the majority of patients (93.8%) were treated with therapeutic anticoagulation. Complications resulting in stop of anticoagulation occurred in 11 patients (18.0%; 4 patients had no anticoagulation) mainly because of intracranial bleedings (9 patients). OS was not different (p = 0.355) between patients who were diagnosed with VTE and those who were not. Tumor progression (283 patients, 77.3%) was the major reason for death (366 patients with confirmed death) in this patient cohort, only 3 patients (0.8%) died because of confirmed VTE and another 5 patients (1.4%) had an unexpected sudden death. Conclusions: Although VTE was identified in 65 patients (16%) diagnosed with glioblastoma, VTE was no major reason for death. On a population-based level these data do not support the implementation of primary thromboprophylaxis in this cohort of patients.