Major Publications Research Articles

Art and archaeology

The most significant book of this review is Richard Beacham and Hugh Denard's Living Theatre in the Ancient Roman House, a volume in which the authors’ previous accomplishments, expertise in theatre and leading roles at Kings Visualisation Laboratory (which is reflected in the use of digital visualizations throughout the volume, both to recreate architectural spaces and to test the viability of painted architecture), is brought to bear on domestic space. The subject, epic length, and format of the book immediately evoke the memory of Cambridge University Press's last major publication on wall painting, Eleanor Leach's 2004 The Social Life of Painting in Ancient Rome and on the Bay of Naples and the comparison shows up very sharply the development of attitudes towards both wall painting and its theatrical referents in the last twenty years. In Leach's book, much was made of the theatrical influence on Pompeian interiors, particularly in the architectural Second Style and the Fourth Style. Leach relied on the theatre in order to search for signs of actual theatrical influence on frescoes painted in these styles, for example discussing whether their scenographic ‘sets’ were based on permanent or temporary theatres, and then to tie the way the two styles presented theatrical performance to the political circumstances of the times in which they flourished. Leach saw Second Style as a reflection of the active competition of elites during the late republic whilst Fourth Style was symptomatic of the tyranny of the Neronian age, in which these same elites were now largely reduced to passive spectators of the emperor's performance.

New northern voices: Black British writing and the devolving politics of prize culture

ABSTRACTRepresentations of Black British life have long been concentrated in London. The capital occupies the centre of Britain’s post-imperial imaginary and its literary economy, with Manchester at the fore of attempts to address cultural inequalities, from George Osborne’s Northern Powerhouse agenda to regional outposts of the BBC and major publishers. Amidst increasing decentralizing momentum, this article proposes that literary awards are key in what James Procter and Corinne Fowler call the “devolution” of Black British writing. Focusing on Manchester’s Portico Prize for the book that “best evokes the spirit of the North of England”, I trace the award’s approach to “racial diversity” and “the North” since 1985, identifying a creative economy framework in which a “placed” literary northernness exists in tension with the centralized Black British discourse. Overall, this article suggests that literary awards articulate in new ways the spatial imbalances within Britain’s literary and political economies.

Self-Rated Physiological Health and Psychological Intervention among Residents during Major Public Health Emergencies

In the public health emergencies, young and inexperienced residents often face immense physiological, psychological, and social health pressures in their challenging and demanding efforts. Understanding the impact of such an emergency on the health of residents and implementing proactive psychological interventions can enhance the quality of their training. Using a Self-rated Health Measurement Scale (SRHMS), a pre-intervention measurement was conducted among all residents in our hospital. Based on the analysis of the results, targeted psychological intervention measures were implemented, followed by a post-intervention measurement. During the major public health emergencies, the overall SRHMS scores of the residents in our hospital, as well as the scores of various sub-scales, were higher than those of the general population. There was a significant positive correlation between physiological health, psychological health, and social health (P<0.01). Prior to intervention, third-year residents had lower scores compared to second-year and first-year residents, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Those with a history of epidemic epidemiology had lower scores, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Based on the total scores, there were statistically significant differences between high and low score groups (P<0.05). After psychological intervention, there were significant improvements, with scores increasing among low-score groups and residents of different years. The impact of epidemic epidemiology on residents was reduced, leading to increased scores. However, in the dimension of physiological health, there was a decrease in scores for physical condition and organ function sub-scales. During the public health emergencies, the physiological, psychological, and social health of residents were affected to a certain extent. Implementing proactive and targeted psychological interventions can contribute to the overall recovery of their health, allowing them to engage in clinical work during the epidemic in their optimal state.

A Century of Evolution in Spine Surgery Publications: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Field From 1900 to 2023.

Spine surgery has advanced in concert with our deeper understanding of its elements. Narrowly focused bibliometric analyses have been conducted previously, but never on the entire corpus of the field. Using big data and bibliometrics, we appraised the entire corpus of spine surgery publications to study the evolution of the specialty as a scholarly field since 1900. We queried Web of Science for all contents from 13 major publications dedicated to spine surgery. We next queried by topic [topic = (spine OR spinal OR vertebrae OR vertebral OR intervertebral OR disc OR disk)]; these results were filtered to include articles published by 49 other publications that were manually determined to contain pertinent articles. Articles, along with their metadata, were exported. Statistical and bibliometric analyses were performed using the Bibliometrix R package and various Python packages. Eighty-five thousand five hundred articles from 62 journals and 134 707 unique authors were identified. The annual growth rate of publications was 2.78%, with a surge after 1980, concurrent with the growth of specialized journals. International coauthorship, absent before 1970, increased exponentially with the formation of influential spine study groups. Reference publication year spectroscopy allowed us to identify 200 articles that comprise the historical roots of modern spine surgery and each of its subdisciplines. We mapped the emergence of new topics and saw a recent lexical evolution toward outcomes- and patient-centric terms. Female and minority coauthorship has increased since 1990, but remains low, and disparities across major publications persist. The field of spine surgery was borne from pioneering individuals who published their findings in a variety of journals. The renaissance of spine surgery has been powered by international collaboration and is increasingly outcomes focused. While spine surgery is gradually becoming more diverse, there is a clear need for further promotion and outreach to under-represented populations.

Get Full Text Research (GetFTR): can it be a good tool for researchers?

Technological advances have been an integral part of discussions related to journal publishing in recent years. This article presents Get Full Text Research (GetFTR), a discovery solution launched by five major publishers: the American Chemical Society, Elsevier, Springer Nature, Taylor & Francis Group, and Wiley. These founding publishers announced the development of this new solution in 2019, and its pilot service was launched just 4 months later. The GetFTR solutions streamlines access to not only open access resources but also to subscription-based resources. The publishers have assured that this solution will be beneficial for all relevant stakeholders involved in the journal publication process, including publishers, researchers, integrators, and libraries. They highlighted that researchers will have the ability to access published articles with minimal effort or steps, benefitting from existing (single sign-on) access technologies, ideally accessing the article PDF with a single click. While GetFTR is free for integrators and researchers, publishers are required to pay an annual subscription fee. To lower the barrier for participation, GetFTR supports smaller publishers by offering them a discount based on the number of digital object identifiers (DOIs), as recorded in Crossref data. While this project appears promising, some initial concerns were raised, particularly regarding user data control, which the project has responded to by more closely engaging the librarian community and by providing further information on how GetFTR supports user privacy.

Facing HCV as a Major Public Healthcare Threat in Italy: Epidemiology and Micro-Elimination Pathways among Underserved Populations.

Underserved populations have a wide heterogeneity on healthcare provision and use. They also represent the key populations according to WHO 2030 goals for HCV micro-elimination. Our review evaluated the available literature on HCV diagnosis, staging, and treatment among underserved populations, such as incarcerated people, patients with psychiatric disorders, and migrants. A narrative review of literature was performed using key electronic databases (Scopus, Pubmed-MEDLINE) and search engines (Google Scholar). Peer-reviewed publications, grey literature on HCV, and recent models proposed for micro-elimination in underserved populations were included. An insight into the COVID-19 pandemic and its influence on HCV micro-elimination pathways will be also provided. Regarding prison settings, a progressive reduction in HCV epidemiology among incarcerated people in the last years was found (one-third of the level it had been before). People suffering from psychiatric disorders have a high anti-HCV prevalence, but there is a lack of data on active infections. A bidirectional relationship between HCV and psychiatric disorders was found. Migrants showed a very inconsistent assessment of HCV. Furthermore, available studies recorded data from populations with high heterogeneity of anti-HCV prevalence, Therefore, the reported results need caution in their evaluation.

Enhancing attack resilience of cyber-physical systems through state dependency graph models

AbstractThis paper presents a method that utilizes graph theory and state modelling algorithms to perform automatic complexity analysis of the architecture of cyber-physical systems (CPS). It describes cyber physical systems risk assessment (CPSRA), a tool to provide automatic decision support for enhancing the overall resilience of CPS architectures often used in critical infrastructures. CPRSA is built to enhance industrial risk assessment and improve the resilience of CPS architecture against malicious attacks on the cyber domain that can affect industrial processes, which is critical in a distributed cyber environment. Such attacks often compromise execution states on physical components and lead to hazards or even disasters through plant malfunction. CPSRA is tested against a real-world testbed model of a large SCADA system that is infused with real-world CVE vulnerabilities in some of its components. The tool creates an isomorphic graph of the CPS process model and uses graph algorithms and network analytics on the model to test cyber-attacks and evaluate attack resilience aspects. The tool’s output is then used to pinpoint high-complexity components in terms of influence on the overall CPS architecture and suggest mitigation points for security measure implementation while considering every potential subattack path and subliminal path on the model’s attack graph. The paper complements standardized assessment reports and contributes to automatic architecture assessment for critical infrastructure environments and can be used as the basis to model dependencies and threat propagation in larger digital twins, a need outlined in major NIST publications concerning the security of industrial systems that was previously done manually, without automatic insight into state and vulnerability influences.

A Survey on Time-Sensitive Networking Standards and Applications for Intelligent Driving

Stimulated by the increase in user demands and the development of intelligent driving, the automotive industry is pursuing high-bandwidth techniques, low-cost network deployment and deterministic data transmission. Time-sensitive networking (TSN) based on Ethernet provides a possible solution to these targets, which is arousing extensive attention from both academia and industry. We review TSN-related academic research papers published by major academic publishers and analyze research trends in TSN. This paper provides an up-to-date comprehensive survey of TSN-related standards, from the perspective of the physical layer, data link layer, network layer and protocol test. Then we classify intelligent driving products with TSN characteristics. With the consideration of more of the latest specified TSN protocols, we further analyze the minimum complete set of specifications and give the corresponding demo setup for the realization of TSN on automobiles. Open issues to be solved and trends of TSN are identified and analyzed, followed by possible solutions. Therefore, this paper can be an investigating basis and reference of TSN, especially for the TSN on automotive applications.

Prospects of digital scientific publishing on blockchain: The concept of DAP

Background: Traditional publishing models, open access and major publishers, cannot adequately address the key challenges of academic publishing today: Speed of peer review, recognition of work and incentive mechanisms, transparency and thrust of the system. Methods: To address these challenges, the authors propose Decentralised Academic Publishing (DAP), which is based on the novel HashNET DLT platform. The DAP introduces several innovative components: tracking the activities of all participants in the peer review process using blockchain and smart contracts, the introduction of the Scholarly Wallet for holding reputation (non-fungible) and reward (fungible) tokens, the use of the Scholarly Wallet as the main interface to the DAP platform, the Virtual Editor that enables automatic discovery of the research area and invitation of reviewers, and finally the global database of evaluated reviewers, ranked by the quality of their previous work. Results: The DAP platform is in the development phase, with the design and functionalities of all modules defined. An exception is the central component of DAP, the Scholarly Wallet module, whose first prototype has already been created, tested and published. The implementation of DAP is planned for the next phase of the HorizonEurope TruBlo project and other research initiatives. The DAP platform will be connected to the publishing ecosystem: 1) as a backend system (distributed blockchain database) for existing publishing platforms and 2) as a standalone publishing platform with its own API interface. Conclusions: The authors believe that DAP has the potential to significantly improve academic peer review and knowledge dissemination. It is expected that the use of blockchain technology, the fast HashNET consensus platform and tokens for reward (fungible) and reputation/ranking (non-fungible) will lead to a more efficient and transparent way of rewarding all participants in the peer review process and ultimately advance scientific research.

Recommendations for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections in nursing homes.

Nursing homes (NH) conceptually should look as much like a home as possible. However NH have unquestionable similarities with a nosocomium as they are places where many patients with underlying diseases and comorbidities accumulate. There is evidence of transmission of microorganisms between residents and between residents and caregivers. We have not found any recommendations specifically aimed at the prevention of nosocomial infections in NH by the major Public Health Agencies and, therefore, the Health Sciences Foundation (Fundación de Ciencias de la Salud) has convened a series of experts and 14 Spanish scientific societies to discuss recommendations that could guide NH personnel in establishing written programs for the control and reduction of these infections. The present document is the result of these deliberations and contains suggestions for establishing such control programs on a voluntary and flexible basis in NH. We also hope that the document can help the health authorities to encourage this control activity in the different territorial areas of Spain. In our opinion, it is necessary to draw up a written plan and establish the figure of a coordinator or person responsible for implementing these projects. The document includes measures to be implemented and ways of quantifying the reality of different problems and of monitoring the impact of the measures established.

The Interactive Web – ChatGPT as Writing Tool and Publisher Policies

This “Interactive Web” column will discuss ChatGPT and other content generative Artificial Intelligence utilities, with a brief description of some of the current discussion about their use in the period after their first major public release. The column also investigates and presents current publisher policies for a sampling of major biomedical and academic publishers as of March 2023, presenting a brief summary of conclusions of common threads.

Bibliometric and Visual Analysis of Natural Capital Studies

Natural capital is an important part of the ecological service systems, a necessary condition for human survival and development, and an important support for the sustainable and healthy development of the three dimensions of society, economy and environment. Based on the core ensemble database of Web of science (WOS) database, this paper uses CiteSpace and VOSviewer software to visualise and analyze the subject development trend and hot research of natural capital from 2001 to 2022. The results show that: 1. The major publishing countries in natural capital are the United States, China, the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada, with the United States in first place followed by China, and China and the United States are far ahead of the rest of the world in natural capital research. 2. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Australian National University, the University of Oxford, Stanford University, the University of Queensland and Beijing Normal University are the top six publishers in natural capital research institutions, with the Chinese Academy of Sciences leading the way in terms of the number of articles published. 3. In the past 20 years, the number of articles published on natural capital research has been growing exponentially, with an explosive growth during 2013-2022. 4. Research hotspots cover resource management, sustainable development, climate change, ecological services, environmental protection and biodiversity, etc. , indicating that natural capital needs scientific and technological support from multi-disciplinary fields, and in-depth research in this field also promotes the development of other disciplines.

А.И. ИШАНОВ – ВЫДАЮЩИЙСЯ УЗБЕКСКИЙ УЧЕНЫЙ-ГОСУДАРСТВОВЕД

The article is dedicated to the memory of the teacher and mentor, the outstanding legal scholar Atabay Ishanovich Ishanov, as a tribute and honor for his many years of work in training highly qualified lawyers and great achievements in research activities to improve national statehood and develop the legal science of the country. In addition to the main biographical data, the Alma mater, that is, the years of study, the formation as a scientific researcher in the field of the history of the creation and development of national statehood in Uzbekistan, as well as the resolution of many theoretical problems of the nationwide state, which were embodied in the scientific works of A.I. Ishanov, a number of articles in the republican and allied press, in his editorial activities in relation to major scientific publications. Particular attention is paid to the scientific activity of A.I. Ishanov in the training of highly qualified scientific personnel from local nationalities (Uzbeks, Turkmens, Karakalpaks, Tajiks, Kirghiz, Kazakhs, etc.), characterizing A.I. Ishanov as an internationalist scientist. In addition to the recognition of Atabay Ishanovich Ishanov as a great figure in legal science, a recognized, well-known scientist, public figure, teacher, and mentor of all lawyers in Uzbekistan, his life is presented as a role model, a kind of standard in everything, from behavior in everyday life to legislative activity, in which it is surprising that he combined the best human qualities with excellent professionalism. In general, it should be noted the need for this article is designed to serve as a role model and a service in the preparation of the younger generation.

Study on the Evolutionary Mechanism of Social Stability Risk of Major Public Health Emergencies

The outbreak of major public health emergencies and the spread of epidemics often seriously threaten people's lives, hinder normal economic development, and even endanger social order and lead to social instability, therefore, it is important to study the evolution mechanism of social stability risk of major public health emergencies. Based on the definition of social stability risk of public health emergencies and identification of major risk categories based on existing research results, the evolution mechanism of social stability risk of public health emergencies is analyzed using social combustion theory, and relevant suggestions are made from the perspective of the three elements of social combustion in order to provide reference for risk management.

XLUM: an open data format for exchange and long-term preservation of luminescence data

Abstract. The concept of open data has become the modern science meme, and major funding bodies and publishers support open data. On a daily basis, however, the open data mandate frequently encounters technical obstacles, such as a lack of a suitable data format for data sharing and long-term data preservation. Such issues are often community-specific and best addressed through community-tailored solutions. In Quaternary sciences, luminescence dating is widely used for constraining the timing of event-based processes (e.g. sediment transport). Every luminescence dating study produces a vast body of primary data that usually remains inaccessible and incompatible with future studies or adjacent scientific disciplines. To facilitate data exchange and long-term data preservation (in short, open data) in luminescence dating studies, we propose a new XML-based structured data format called XLUM. The format applies a hierarchical data storage concept consisting of a root node (node 0), a sample (node 1), a sequence (node 2), a record (node 3), and a curve (node 4). The curve level holds information on the technical component (e.g. photomultiplier, thermocouple). A finite number of curves represent a record (e.g. an optically stimulated luminescence curve). Records are part of a sequence measured for a particular sample. This design concept allows the user to retain information on a technical component level from the measurement process. The additional storage of related metadata fosters future data mining projects on large datasets. The XML-based format is less memory-efficient than binary formats; however, its focus is data exchange, preservation, and hence XLUM long-term format stability by design. XLUM is inherently stable to future updates and backwards-compatible. We support XLUM through a new R package xlum, facilitating the conversion of different formats into the new XLUM format. XLUM is licensed under the MIT licence and hence available for free to be used in open- and closed-source commercial and non-commercial software and research projects.

Bibliometric analysis of real-time PCR-based pathogen detection in plant protection research: a comprehensive study.

The discovery of RT-PCR-based pathogen detection and gene expression analysis has had a transformative impact on the field of plant protection. This study aims to analyze the global research conducted between 2001 and 2021, focusing on the utilization of RT-PCR techniques for diagnostic assays and gene expression level studies. By retrieving data from the 'Dimensions' database and employing bibliometric visualization software, this analysis provides insights into the major publishing journals, institutions involved, leading journals, influential authors, most cited articles, and common keywords. The 'Dimensions' database was utilized to retrieve relevant literature on RT-PCR-based pathogen detection. Fourteen distinct search queries were employed, and the resulting dataset was analyzed for trends in scholarly publications over time. The bibliometric visualization software facilitated the identification of major publishing journals, institutions, leading journals, influential authors, most cited articles, and common keywords. The study's search query was based on the conjunction 'AND', ensuring a comprehensive analysis of the literature. The analysis revealed a significant increase in the number of scholarly publications on RT-PCR-based pathogen detection over the years, indicating a growing interest and investment in research within the field. This finding emphasizes the importance of ongoing investigation and development, highlighting the potential for further advancements in knowledge and understanding. In terms of publishing journals, Plos One emerged as the leading journal, closely followed by BMC Genomics and Phytopathology. Among the highly cited journals were the European Journal of Plant Pathology, BMC Genomics, and Fungal Genetics and Biology. The publications with the highest number of citations and publications were associated with the United Nations and China. Furthermore, a network visualization map of co-authorship analysis provided intriguing insights into the collaborative nature of the research. Out of 2,636 authors analyzed, 50 surpassed the level threshold, suggesting active collaboration among researchers in the field. Overall, this bibliometric analysis demonstrates that the research on RT-PCR-based pathogen detection is thriving. However, there is a need for further strengthening using modern diagnostic tools and promoting collaboration among well-equipped laboratories. The findings underscore the significance of RT-PCR-based pathogen detection in plant protection and highlight the potential for continued advancements in this field. Continued research and collaboration are vital for enhancing knowledge, developing innovative diagnostic tools, and effectively protecting plants from pathogens.

Perspectives from a publishing ethics and research integrity team for required improvements

Abstract It is imperative that all stakeholders within the research ecosystem take responsibility to improve research integrity and reliability of published research. Based on the unique experiences of a specialist publishing ethics and research integrity team within a major publisher, this article provides insights into the observed trends of misconduct and how those have evolved over time, and addresses key actions needed to improve the interface between researchers, funders, institutions and publishers to collectively improve research integrity on a global scale.

SPCK Tracts and Rites of Passage in the Long Nineteenth Century

This article investigates how the SPCK, the Church of England's major nineteenth-century publishing house, encouraged what it saw as correct participation in church-administered rites of passage, by the mass production of tracts. SPCK's elaborate editorial policy meant that the tracts provide a rare glimpse into what can be assumed to be the Church of England's officially sanctioned voice, giving the tracts a significance beyond their survival as ephemeral religious literature. The article discusses tracts relating to marriage, baptism, churching and confirmation, the audience for which was mainly, although not exclusively, working-class adherents of the Church of England. It highlights the tangle between theological ideas and social expectations, as well as the echoes of some other theorists – from Malthus to Freud – which found their way into the Church of England's thinking at different times during this period.

Applying Lessons From Major Public Health Accomplishments to Firearm Injuries in the US

This JAMA Forum discusses policies that reduce access to guns, reengineering to improve firearm safety, and hyperlocal community-led responses in marginalized communities.

Scientometric analysis of flood forecasting for Asia region and discussion on machine learning methods

Abstract Flood forecast models have become better through research as they led to a lower risk of flooding, policy ideas, less human death, and less destruction of property, so this study uses Scientometric analysis for floods. In this analysis, citation-based data are used to uncover major publishing areas, such as the most prominent keywords, top best commonly used publications, the most highly cited journal articles, countries, and authors that have achieved consequent distinction in flood analysis. Machine learning (ML) techniques have played a significant role in the development of prediction systems, which have improved results and more cost-effective strategies. This study intends to give a review of ML methods such as decision trees, artificial neural networks, and wavelet neural networks, as well as a comparison of their precision, speed, and effectiveness. Severe flooding has been recognized as a significant source of massive deaths and property destruction in several nations, including India, China, Nepal, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. This study presents far more effective flood forecast approaches. This analysis is being used as a guide for experts and climate researchers when deciding which ML algorithm to utilize for a particular forecasting assignment.