Major Public Health Emergency Research Articles

Study on the Evolutionary Mechanism of Social Stability Risk of Major Public Health Emergencies

The outbreak of major public health emergencies and the spread of epidemics often seriously threaten people's lives, hinder normal economic development, and even endanger social order and lead to social instability, therefore, it is important to study the evolution mechanism of social stability risk of major public health emergencies. Based on the definition of social stability risk of public health emergencies and identification of major risk categories based on existing research results, the evolution mechanism of social stability risk of public health emergencies is analyzed using social combustion theory, and relevant suggestions are made from the perspective of the three elements of social combustion in order to provide reference for risk management.

Central diabetes insipidus following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination: a case report

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a major public health emergency worldwide. Vaccines were rapidly developed and approved to prevent the spread of viral infection. However, various side effects of the COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have been reported after their commercialization. A 24-year-old man visited our emergency department with polyuria and polydipsia that occurred after he received a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine 10 days beforehand. The initial laboratory findings showed very low urine osmolality with hyperosmolar hypernatremia. Based on these findings, diabetes insipidus was suspected, and sella magnetic resonance imaging showed an enlarged pituitary gland and the absence of posterior pituitary higher intensity. After 12 hours of using oral desmopressin acetate, urine volume decreased, and after 5 days of administration, serum electrolyte and serum osmolality improved. This case report of diabetes insipidus occurring after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine is presented as a reminder that close monitoring is necessary for patients with polyuria and polydipsia after vaccination.

Quantitative Assessment of a Dual Epidemic Caused by Tuberculosis and HIV in the Philippines.

Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the two major public health emergencies in the Philippines. The country is ranked fourth worldwide in TB incidence cases despite national efforts and initiatives to mitigate the disease. Concurrently, the Philippines has the fastest-growing HIV epidemic in Asia and the Pacific region. The TB-HIV dual epidemic forms a lethal combination enhancing each other's progress, driving the deterioration of immune responses. In order to understand and describe the transmission dynamics and epidemiological patterns of the co-infection, a compartmental model for TB-HIV is developed. A class of people living with HIV (PLHIV) who did not know their HIV status is incorporated into the model. These unaware PLHIV who do not seek medical treatment are potential sources of new HIV infections that could significantly influence the disease transmission dynamics. Sensitivity analysis using the partial rank correlation coefficient is performed to assess model parameters that are influential to the output of interests. The model is calibrated using available Philippine data on TB, HIV, and TB-HIV. Parameters that are identified include TB and HIV transmission rates, progression rates from exposed to active TB, and from TB-latent with HIV to active infectious TB with HIV in the AIDS stage. Uncertainty analysis is performed to identify the degree of accuracy of the estimates. Simulations predict an alarming increase of 180% and 194% in new HIV and TB-HIV infections in 2025, respectively, relative to 2019 data. These projections underscore an ongoing health crisis in the Philippines that calls for a combined and collective effort by the government and the public to take action against the lethal combination of TB and HIV.

Medical health resources allocation evaluation in public health emergencies by an improved ORESTE method with linguistic preference orderings

As an important major public health emergency, COVID-19 broke out more than two years. At present, China has entered the post-epidemic era. However, it is still necessary to study the medical health resource allocation in public health emergencies. Therefore, the evaluation of medical health resources allocation is important. Firstly, we use two kinds of linguistic preference orderings (LPOs) to represent experts’ opinions when evaluating the medical health resources allocation in public health emergencies. Then, a novel ORESTE method with LPOs is developed to solve multiple criteria decision-making (MCDM) problems. Additionally, we apply the proposed ORESTE method to solve a practical MCDM problem involving the medical health resources allocation in public health emergencies. Finally, some comparative analyses among the proposed ORESTE method and some existing methods under a double hierarchy linguistic environment are set up, and some discussions are summarized to show the validity and applicability of the proposed novel ORESTE method.

Assessment of the Risk and Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Healthcare Workers During the Omicron Transmission Period: A Multicentric Study from Four Hospitals of Mainland China

The SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant emerged and spread rapidly among the population in the early stage of China's normalized prevention and control in December 2022. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are particularly exposed to SARS-CoV-2, it is important to evaluate the impact of the omicron pandemic on HCWs in China.A self-administered online survey was conducted on infected HCWs from four hospitals of Taizhou. A total of 748 HCWs received the survey via DingTalk, and 328 responded to the questionnaire. The risk factors were investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.By December 20, 2022, 748 HCWs tested positive by PCR, and the infection rate was 11.4% (748/6581). Among 328 respondents, the most common symptoms were cough (88.4%), fever (83.5%), runny nose (77.1%), sore throat (73.2%), headache (70.1%), muscle aches (67.1%), and fatigue (53.4%). 69.8% (229/328) of the participants had five or more major onset symptoms, while no severe case was observed. The multivariate analysis indicated that the poor sleep quality (OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.31-4.02, P = 0.004) was an independent risk factor for more major onset symptoms, while wore gloves ≥95% times in working (OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28-0.85, P = 0.011) was significantly related to fewer symptoms. In addition, 239 (72.9%) recipients reported high fever (temperature ≥38.5°C), less common cold (≤3 vs >3 times/year, OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.05-4.65, P = 0.038) was significantly associated with high fever.Our findings imply rapid transmissibility of omicron and multiple-onset symptoms among HCWs. Improved autoimmunity and self-protection measures for HCWs may be helpful in controlling infection and clinical symptoms. Our results provide empirical reference values for improved countermeasures and protective measures for major public health emergencies.

Optimization of urban emergency support material distribution under major public health emergencies based on improved sparrow search algorithm.

The outbreak of major public health emergencies such as the coronavirus epidemic has put forward new requirements for urban emergency management procedures. Accuracy and effective distribution model of emergency support materials, as an effective tool to inhibit the deterioration of the public health sector, have gradually become a research hotspot. The distribution of urban emergency support devices, under the secondary supply chain structure of "material transfer center-demand point," which may involve confusing demands, is studied to determine the actual situation of fuzzy requests under the impact of an epidemic outbreak. An optimization model of urban emergency support material distribution, based on Credibility theory, is first constructed. Then an improved sparrow search algorithm, ISSA, was designed by introducing Sobol sequence, Cauchy variation and bird swarm algorithm into the structure of the classical SSA. In addition, numerical validation and standard test set validation were carried out and the experimental results showed that the introduced improved strategy effectively improved the global search capability of the algorithm. Furthermore, simulation experiments are conducted, based on Shanghai, and the comparison with existing cutting-edge algorithms shows that the designed algorithm has stronger superiority and robustness. And the simulation results show that the designed algorithm can reduce vehicle cost by 4.83%, time cost by 13.80%, etc. compared to other algorithms. Finally, the impact of preference value on the distribution of emergency support materials is analyzed to help decision-makers to develop reasonable and effective distribution strategies according to the impact of major public health emergencies. The results of the study provide a practical reference for the solution of urban emergency support materials distribution problems.

Challenges Confronting the Sustainability of Anti-Epidemic Policies Based on the BERT-Pair-ABSA Model

As a major public health emergency, the COVID-19 pandemic has some uncertainties. Coupling of the uncertainties and anti-epidemic policies easily leads to the spread of negative emotions. It is challenging to maintain the sustainability of anti-epidemic measures. Therefore, this paper aimed to analyze the challenges that the sustainability of anti-epidemic measures is faced with. A topic clustering extension method was proposed, which integrated Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic information with Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) contextual information through aspect-based sentiment analysis. In addition, this paper constructed a thesaurus of aspect words from the two stages of dynamic zero-COVID and orderly relaxation of epidemic control. This paper established the BERT-pair-ABSA model for semantic expansion of auxiliary sentences and calculated sentiment polarity to gain insight into the changes in netizens' concerns, emotional states and evolution trends at different stages. The research results showed: (1) Compared with the benchmark model, the proposed sentiment analysis model had better classification accuracy and was applicable to the sentiment classification of short texts in the epidemic situation; (2) During the dynamic zero-COVID stage, netizens paid attention to grassroots epidemic management and the scope of lockdown and epidemic control, which were closely related to both specific lockdown and control management, and the implementation of regional epidemic management; and (3) in the orderly relaxation stage of epidemic control, netizens were concerned about drug guarantee, medical care guarantee, personal health protection and health protection of special population groups, and negative emotions always dominated in drug guarantee, medical care guarantee and health protection of special groups. The negative sentiment of drug guarantee, medical care guarantee and health protection of special groups always dominated. The results provided an empirical basis for the optimization and adjustment of the anti-epidemic policies.

Optimization Model and Algorithm of Logistics Vehicle Routing Problem under Major Emergency

The novel coronavirus pandemic is a major global public health emergency, and has presented new challenges and requirements for the timely response and operational stability of emergency logistics that were required to address the major public health events outbreak in China. Based on the problems of insufficient timeliness and high total system cost of emergency logistics distribution in major epidemic situations, this paper takes the minimum vehicle distribution travel cost, time cost, early/late punishment cost, and fixed cost of the vehicle as the target, the soft time window for receiving goods at each demand point, the rated load of the vehicle, the volume, maximum travel of the vehicle in a single delivery as constraints, and an emergency logistics vehicle routing problem optimization model for major epidemics was constructed. The convergence speed improvement strategy, particle search improvement strategy, and elite retention improvement strategy were introduced to improve the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for it to be suitable for solving global optimization problems. The simulation results prove that the improved PSO algorithm required to solve the emergency medical supplies logistics vehicle routing problem for the major emergency can reach optimal results. Compared with the basic PSO algorithm, the total cost was reduced by 20.09%.

Training community health workers to limit the transmission of monkeypox virus in India: an urgent need for action.

Training community health workers to limit the transmission of monkeypox virus in India: an urgent need for action.

Experience and Exploration of Social Aid in Major Public Health Emergencies

NCP (novel coronavirus pneumonia) is another public health emergency after the SARS. Social aid has significantly protected the life and health of civil service targets, such as older adults, children, homeless people, and people in need. It can alleviate the difficulty of the rescued targets' life and increase their confidence in overcoming the epidemic. Social aid is the vital cornerstone that overcomes the epidemic, reduces the negative impact, and maintains social stability. Based on the actual situation, this paper analyzes and researches social assistance policies and measures of the epidemic in various regions, discovers existing problems, and explores ideas for solving them.

Shift in Prehospital Mode of Transportation for Trauma Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic

IntroductionSince the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, we experienced alterations to modes of transportation among trauma patients suffering penetrating injuries. Historically, a small percentage of our penetrating trauma patients use private means of prehospital transportation. Our hypothesis was that the use of private transportation among trauma patients increased during the COVID-19 pandemic and was associated with better outcomes. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all adult trauma patients (January 1, 2017 to March 19, 2021), using the date of the shelter-in-place ordinance (March 19, 2020) to separate trauma patients into prepandemic and pandemic patient groups. Patient demographics, mechanism of injury, mode of prehospital transportation, and variables such as initial Injury Severity Score, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission, ICU length of stay, mechanical ventilator days, and mortality were recorded. ResultsWe identified 11,919 adult trauma patients, 9017 (75.7%) in the prepandemic group and 2902 (24.3%) in the pandemic group. The number of patients using private prehospital transportation also increased (from 2.4% to 6.7%, P < 0.001). Between the prepandemic and pandemic private transportation cohorts, there were reductions in mean Injury Severity Score (from 8.1 ± 10.4 to 5.3 ± 6.6: P = 0.02), ICU admission rates (from 15% to 2.4%: P < 0.001), and hospital length of stay (from 4.0 ± 5.3 to 2.3 ± 1.9: P = 0.02). However, there was no difference in mortality (4.1% and 2.0%, P = 0.221). ConclusionsWe found that there was a significant shift in prehospital transportation among trauma patients toward private transportation after the shelter-in-place order. However, this did not coincide with a change in mortality despite a downward trend. This phenomenon could help direct future policy and protocols in trauma systems when battling major public health emergencies.

Evaluating Whether and How Public Health Event Information Frameworks Promote Pro-Environmental Behavior.

The major public health emergencies (PHEs) represented by the COVID-19 pandemic, while posing a serious threat to human health, have led people to rethink about the harmonious relationship between humans and nature. It is worthy to explore whether and how the framework effect of event information can be used to turn crises into opportunities to promote public pro-environmental behavior (PEB). Through a pre-and post-test control experiment, this study took the COVID-19 pandemic as a case, to explore the effects of four PHE information frameworks on promoting PEB, coupled with two information loss-gain frameworks and two information content frameworks. The results showed that all four information frameworks contribute to the public PEB. However, there are differences: only the environmental gain information effect is significant for PEB in the private sphere. The environmental loss and health gain information are effective for PEB in organizations. However, in the public sphere, all four information frameworks significantly motivate PEB. Further factorial analysis revealed that the interaction between the information content and loss-gain framework was not significant, with the latter playing the dominant role. These findings provide a new approach to how to develop the information framework effect and turn crises into opportunities to promote public PEB in the context of major PHEs.

The Time is Now: Climate Change and Aging Adults’ Mental Health

Climate change is a major public health emergency, with significant consequences to not only physical health, but also to mental health across the lifespan. Aging adults are more likely to be exposed and vulnerable to heat waves and extreme weather events (e.g., hurricanes, floods), poor air quality, and vector-borne infectious diseases. Risk factors include chronic medical conditions; limited mobility due to medical or neurological disease (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease); sensory deficits; cognitive impairment; polypharmacy; psychiatric illness; linguistic isolation; and living alone or having limited support. Psychiatric impacts of climate change include new-onset or exacerbation of existing symptoms of anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairment, in addition to eco-distress (anticipatory anxiety about climate change and its consequences).Following a brief overview of the mental health impacts of climate change across the lifespan, we will review age-specific and socio-economic-cultural determinants which increase the risk of adverse outcomes for this vulnerable population. We will discuss the prevalence and phenomenology of psychiatric conditions that can occur in aging adults exposed to heat waves and/or natural disasters. Using a diversity and health equity lens, we will provide tips for clinicians to help facilitate discussions about climate change and its mental health impacts. We will review the extant evidence focused on treatment interventions and propose adaptation and resilience-enhancing strategies. Finally, we will discuss effective communication strategies regarding this crucial topic.

Sleep quality with nurse burnout during the covid-19 pandemic in East Java

The COVID-19 pandemic is currently a major global public health emergency. Health workers on the front lines during the pandemic are exposed to high chronic stress due to the high risk of infection and long working hours. These stress factors hurt sleep quality and mental health and ultimately lead to burnout in nurses. This study aimed to determine the relationship between sleep quality and nurse burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic in East Java. The research design used is correlational analytic with a cross-sectional approach. The research sample was 180 respondents who were taken by consecutive sampling technique according to the researcher's criteria for 2 weeks. Collecting data using the MBI-HSS questionnaire to measure burnout and PSQI to measure sleep quality via a google form link. Analysis of the data in this study using SPSS for Windows version 25 using the chi-square. The results showed that most of the respondents experienced poor sleep quality as many as 166 respondents (92.4%) and respondents experienced burnout were 83 respondents (53.9%). The results of the analysis obtained a p-value of -0.170 &gt; 0.170 which means that there is no significant relationship between sleep quality and burnout. Respondents who have poor sleep quality but do not experience burnout, one of which is due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which is starting to slant, but respondents still show alertness to the incidence of COVID-19 which is indicated by the presence of several signs of burnout experienced by respondents.

The impact of traffic control measures on the spread of COVID-19 within urban agglomerations based on a modified epidemic model

With the spatial structure of urban agglomerations, well-developed transportation networks and close economic ties can increase the risk of intercity transmission of infectious diseases. To reveal the epidemic transmission mechanism in urban agglomerations and to explore the effectiveness of traffic control measures, this study proposes an Urban-Agglomeration-based Epidemic and Mobility Model (UAEMM) based on the reality of urban transportation networks and population mobility factors. Since the model considers the urban population inflow, along with the active intracity population, it can be used to estimate the composition of urban cases. The model was applied to the Chang-Zhu-Tan urban agglomeration, and the results show that the model can better simulate the transmission process of the urban agglomeration for a certain scale of epidemic. The number of cases within the urban agglomeration is higher than the number of cases imported into the urban agglomeration from external cities. The composition of cases in the core cities of the urban agglomeration changes with the adjustment of prevention and control measures. In contrast, the number of cases imported into the secondary cities is consistently greater than the number of cases transmitted within the cities. A traffic control measures discount factor is introduced to simulate the development of the epidemic in the urban agglomeration under the traffic control measures of the first-level response to major public health emergency, traffic blockades in infected areas, and public transportation shutdowns. If none of those traffic control measures had been taken after the outbreak of COVID-19, the number of cases in the urban agglomeration would theoretically have increased to 3879, which is 11.61 times the actual number of cases that occurred. If only one traffic control measure had been used alone, each of the three measures would have reduced the number of cases in the urban agglomeration to 30.19 %–57.44 % of the theoretical values of infection cases, with the best blocking effect coming from the first-level response to major public health emergency. Traffic control measures have a significant effect in interrupting the spread of COVID-19 in urban agglomerations. The methodology and main findings presented in this paper are of general interest and can also be used in studies in other countries for similar purposes to help understand the spread of COVID-19 in urban agglomerations.

COVID-19 pandemic: what are the countries with low cases of COVID-19 doing right?

As of the 17th of September in 2021, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 over the world had reached 227.7 million, with around 8.2 million of those instances being reported in Africa and the island nations of the Atlantic and Pacific. The development of the COVID- 19 pandemic in Africa and other countries across the world has been significantly different from the first apocalyptic forecasts researchers in the scientific community provided. This is the case both in terms of the pandemic itself and its impact. This report investigates the factors – such as the political will to address COVID-19 through immediate and severe actions, collaborative leadership, and historical experience with infection disease outbreaks – that are responsible for the low reported cases of infections and deaths in two regions of the world: Africa and the island countries of the Atlantic and Pacific. In Africa, the political will to address COVID-19 through immediate and severe actions was high, and collaborative leadership was prevalent. Despite the fact that they have handled the pandemic in an effective way, vaccination continues to be a major worry because only a tiny fraction of the population in each of these locations has received at least one dose of vaccine. The healthcare systems in the countries located throughout these regions are in a poor shape, and an outbreak of a highly infectious coronavirus variety has the potential to overwhelm the already frail healthcare system and wreak havoc on these global regions. It is recommended that the leadership of these regions turn their attention inward and develop a collaborative strategy for the production of vaccines on a local level. Additionally, it is recommended that these regions make improvements to their healthcare systems so that they are adequately prepared to deal with the next major public health emergency.

Reflection and Foresight on Personal Information Protection and Optimization in Public Health Emergencies in China-From the Perspective of Personal Information Collection during the Period of China's Dynamic-Zero COVID-19 Prevention and Control Policy.

Public health emergencies threaten the overall public health security of the country. Based on the need to control the ways of infection, the collection and processing of personal information by the government have become an important part of epidemic prevention and control. However, personal information related to the epidemic is highly sensitive, which contains other personal information and even private information in addition to information on personal health. In the early days of China's response to the public health emergency of COVID-19, a great deal of non-desensitized information was transmitted in an unaccredited manner. With the implementation of epidemic prevention and control measures, the collection and processing of personal information in China have gradually transited from the initial disorder and chaos to the current orderly, legal, and effective situation, continuously optimizing the processing paths of personal information. Serious summary and reflection on the optimization path of China's epidemic-related information collection and processing methods by looking for a border at which the way and scope of personal information disclosure in future major public health emergencies are compatible with its purpose and role may help to improve the development of China's personal information protection legal system from a long-term perspective.

Research on the impact mechanism of major public health emergency on China's economic growth

Under different transmission mechanisms, major public health emergencies have different effects on economic growth. Based on the specific economic impact of COVID-19, a literature analysis method was used to systematically explain the economic impact of different channels and specific transmission mechanisms caused by major public health emergencies. Major public health emergencies caused serious damage to life and health, and had a huge impact on the entire economic environment. However, different economic sectors have different levels and channels of impact from the pandemic. The existing literature has analysed the various impact mechanisms of major public health emergencies on the economic development process from many angles, but there are still problems that need in-depth discussion and supplementary research.

Analysis of Influencing Factors of Rural Residents' Online Consumption under the Major Public Health Emergency

Analysis of Influencing Factors of Rural Residents' Online Consumption under the Major Public Health Emergency

A Study of the Discourse Form of the &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;People’s Daily&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; during the COVID-19 Epidemic

As a journal with certain influence popularity and brand value, People’s Daily not only performs the functions of the party and national mainstream media, but also gives full play to its media positioning and role advantages, it has a certain outstanding performance in the reporting of the COVID-19 which is worthy of attention. This paper takes the reports of People’s Daily during the “COVID-19” epidemic in 2020 as the object of study, focusing on the characteristics of the reporting discourse of mainstream media represented by People’s Daily and the role of discourse in guiding public opinion during major public health emergencies, as well as summarizing its characteristics based on the results of the analysis. This paper mainly focuses on qualitative research, collecting relevant literature through the Internet, making full use of China Knowledge Network, Google Scholar and other relevant websites to organize, summarize and conclude the currently available literature. Through the research and discussion in this paper, we expect to provide relevant reference opinions for the future reporting and public opinion guidance of similar public health emergencies.