Major Problem In Indonesia Research Articles

Larvicidal Effect of Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Flower Extract Against Aedes aegypti

Highlights:1. This study attempted an experiment on the novel invention of a naturally sourced larvacide, specifically breadfruit (Artocarpus atilis) flower extract, against Aedes aegepti.2. The findings of this study suggest that breadfruit flower extract can serve as an effective larvacide, as evident by an increased mortality rate of Aedes aegepti larvae. Abstract Dengue hemorrhagic fever remains a major problem in Indonesia. The mosquito that spreads this disease is the Aedes aegypti species. The use of larvicides is a viable method to inhibit the growth of larvae into adult mosquitoes. The flowers of breadfruits (Artocarpus atilis) have long been used as a natural mosquito killer. The objectives of this study were to determine the lethal dose 50 (LC50) of breadfruit flower extract and to analyze its potential as a larvicide against stage 2–3 instar Aedes aegypti larvae. In this true experimental research, each of four treatment groups was administered with breadfruit flower extracts at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 90 ppm, respectively. The positive control group was treated with temephos (Abate), while the negative control group received no treatment. Larval mortality was recorded at 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours post-intervention. The observed larval deaths were compared among the groups. Quantitative data encompassing the larval mortality in each group were analyzed using the repetitive analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the probit test with minimum p value <0.05. The results indicated that the LC50 value of breadfruit flower extract was 52.67–54.12 ppm. The doses of 50 ppm, 75 ppm and 90 ppm were effective in killing Aedes aegypti larvae. In conclusion, breadfruit flower extract of 50 ppm and higher can effectively kill Aedes aegypti larvae.

LAW ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS AGAINST CORRUPTION CRIMINAL ACTS IN INDONESIA

Corruption in Indonesia is a complex and profound problem, hindering development and damaging public trust in state institutions. Law enforcement efforts against corruption have been regulated in various regulations, including Law No. 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption, and strengthened by the existence of the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). Although the legal framework has been prepared, significant challenges are still faced, such as low human resource capacity, lack of coordination between institutions, and an internalized culture of corruption. The formulation of the problem is 1) How is transparency regulated in preventing corruption? 2) What are the obstacles to transparency in efforts to prevent corruption in government? The research method used is normative juridical. The results of the study show that Indonesia still faces great difficulties in eradicating corruption. Although there have been various efforts, the increase in cases and state losses caused by corruption are still a major problem in Indonesia. There are regulations and policies to overcome corruption and punish perpetrators of corruption, but the implementation of regulations and policies still has many shortcomings so that their effectiveness has not been felt greatly.

Family resilience of smallholder farmers in Indonesia’s oil palm plantation

Problems about family are still analyzed in general and do not specifically look at the livelihood aspect. Whereas from the social sciences lensed, livelihood is the main factor that significantly contributes to the resilience of family. One of the family issues which became a major problem in Indonesia is family resilience in the oil palm plantation context. Families in the plantation sector always have tremendous challenges either from internal, external, or structural layers. At the internal level, families have to bear with psychological and physical issues which may trigger them to become more vulnerable. From an external level, the work ambiance in palm plantations, as well as price fluctuation and access to financial capital, may threaten the families who work and live surrounding palm plantations. Furthermore, from a structural level, families have to deal with biased and unfair regulations which undeniably make them much poorer and more suffered. This study aimed to analyze the vivid condition of smallholder families in the oil palm plantation context and how they deal with those challenges. Besides, this study also aimed to formulate some strategies to make them become a resilient family. This study used qualitative methods, by conducting FGDs and in-depth interviews with smallholder farmers of oil palm plantations as key informants in two different plantation areas in Indonesia; Lampung and Kalimantan.

Dental Infection is a Major Problem in Indonesia: Retrospective Study in Emergency Department Attached to Dental Hospital

Dental Infection is a Major Problem in Indonesia: Retrospective Study in Emergency Department Attached to Dental Hospital

The Overview of Correct Toothbrushing and Diet Habit Towards Oral Health Status Using Indonesian Digital Caries Risk Assessment (IDCRA)

Abstract. Dental caries is an infectious disease in oral health and has become a major problem in Indonesia due to a lack of awareness. There are several causes of dental caries, such as consuming sugary snacks and toothbrushing habits which are common in school-aged children. Based on the caries risk assessment survey conducted in Yogyakarta, as many as 76.5% of the children had a high carries risk, 12.9% had a low caries risk, and 10.6% had a moderate caries risk. This research aims to determine the overview and correlation of correct toothbrushing and diet habit on oral health status using the IDCRA application at SD (Elementary School) Muhammadiyah Pepe and SD Muhammadiyah Warungboto Yogyakarta. This research type is descriptive-analytic with a cross-sectional design. The data were collected by subjective and objective intra-oral screening to examine the number of dental caries experiences (DMF-T/def-t) using IDCRA application in elementary school students aged 6-9. The data were then analysed using Spearman correlation by SPSS. The results revealed that students at SD Muhammadiyah Pepe and SD Muhammadiyah Warungboto Yogyakarta had caries with an average of DMF-T/def-t 7,5, meaning each had seven teeth with caries. In addition, most students (74%) consumed sugary snacks 1-3 times daily, while 60,6% needed to brush their teeth correctly. The caries incidence in school-aged children at SD Muhammadiyah Pepe and Warungboto Yogyakarta was classified as very high. This was influenced by their habit of brushing teeth and dietary habits done by the students. So promotive and preventive activities to increase the knowledge and awareness of children and parents need to be carried out regularly.

CULTURAL BARRIERS IN GROWTH AND PARENTING PATTERNS CHILDREN AND POLICY ALTERNATIVES IN EFFORTS STUNTING PREVENTION

Stunting is still a major problem in Indonesia. A culture that is strong enough in children's growth and development and parenting patterns influences health behavior which will have an impact on health status. The aim of this research is to determine cultural barriers to children's growth and development and parenting patterns as well as alternative policies in efforts to prevent stunting in Aceh. This research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological design, data collection using in-depth interviews with seven participants with inclusion criteria mothers with stunted toddlers, able to communicate well, cooperative, willing to be informants in this research. The research was conducted in August-November 2023. Data analysis uses Inductive Content Analysis methods. The results have five themes, namely non-exclusive breastfeeding, not providing immunizations, inappropriate provision of MP-ASI, lack of use of health facilities and policy alternatives. Based on the research results, it is recommended that cultural barriers and parenting styles towards stunting prevention behavior require a multidimensional approach such as the government and the wider community involving families, local communities, health workers and health services to overcome barriers to stunting prevention behavior. Keywords: Culture; Growth and Development; Parenting Patterns; Stunting

Transformation As The Church's Efforts To Overcome Poverty In Indonesia Based On PSALM 146:1-10

In this case the author proposes a solution based on Psalm 146:1-10, namely that the church carries out transformation as an effort to overcome major problems in Indonesia. The method used is qualitative research which includes library research with critical historical theory, namely form criticism (sitz im leben). The Psalms were sung in communion with the nation of Israel. In particular, surah 146 is read to strengthen the hope that humans will only believe in Allah, while rejecting the power of the nobles. The nobles mentioned by the Psalmist had various unavoidable weaknesses, referring to their limitations. The psalmist reminds us again that the God in question is the God of Jacob. God is almighty and remains faithful in fulfilling His covenant, namely liberation. God will save everyone who asks for His help like one of human ancestors, Jacob. The psalmist praises that as God freed Jacob, so God also freed the Israelites from oppression. In Israel's history, God's submission was manifested through Israel's kings. God chose the kings of Israel to be tools or agents to carry out God's plan or vision of liberation. The novelty of this research is that churches in Indonesia with real commitment will be able to solve the big problem, namely poverty in Indonesia. Likewise, churches in the world will be able to solve global problems. This church-centered approach relies on the church's ability to fight poverty more effectively than other institutions. The church is an institution that has the resources to provide solutions to big problems. By mobilizing churches in all corners of Indonesia, churches can reach communities and the specific needs of the poor

MEMBANGUN BUDAYA LITERASI MELALUI PENINGKATAN MINAT BACA PADA MASYARAKAT DESA PANTAI SEDERHANA

Low interest in reading is a major problem in Indonesia, which must be resolved by the government and is of concern to various groups, especially the public. Muara Gembong Sub-District, Simple Beach Village is one of the factors causing a lack of educational motivation in schools and an inadequate level of education. Therefore, it is hoped that the programs that will be held in this village can be centered on the community, both parents and children, about literacy culture through increasing interest in reading. The goal of community service is to make the Pantai Modest Village more qualified, intelligent and independent. The method of implementing community service applies counseling methods to village communities and children regarding the importance of a reading culture in order to generate abilities and educate the community. The result of implementing this service is to increase reading literacy in children and to raise awareness among parents about the importance of fostering an interest in reading from an early age in children.

MENU GIZI SEIMBANG UNTUK PENCEGAHAN STUNTING PADA BALITA DI DESA KABUPATEN KUDUS

Stunting is a nutritional problem that is a major problem in Indonesia. The Ministry of Health provides health programs in dealing with the problem of stunting. One of the efforts made to prevent stunting is through nutrition education. The purpose of community service activities (PKM) is to improve the subject's attitudes and behavior regarding toddler nutrition and types of food for stunting prevention. The method used is community empowerment by providing nutrition education and cooking demonstrations to subjects in the villages of Ngembal Rejo and Purwosari, Kudus Regency. Subjects in this PKM are posyandu cadres and mothers who have toddlers. The education given to the subject is about toddler nutrition and types of food for stunting prevention. The results of education show that there is an increase in subject knowledge after being given education. Subjects from cadres are expected to become agents of behavior change in preventing stunting for toddlers. Meanwhile, the subject of mothers who have toddlers is expected to be able to change behavior in providing food to their toddlers.

Implementasi Principal Component Analysis dalam Analisis Faktor Kecacingan pada Anak Sekolah Dasar di Kabupaten Jember

Despite a decrease from 2021 to 2022 based on data from the Indonesian Nutrition Status Survey in 2023, helminthiasis remains a major problem in Indonesia, with high prevalence rates in 2020. The Indonesian government has intervened to address the problem, including a survey to assess helminthiasis prevalence in Jember district conducted by BBTKLPP Surabaya and Jember District Health Office. The survey results showed that some students were still infected with helminthiasis, and there were problems with clean and healthy living behavior in some students. However, there are difficulties in presenting sensitive reports, so 13 indicators in the questionnaire were simplified using PCA (Principal Component Analysis) method to facilitate data visualization and analysis given the correlation among indicators. This study used a descriptive observational design with a cross-sectional approach and included 190 samples of primary school students out of a total of 615 samples. Some samples were not used because of incomplete or blank data due to absence at the time of the survey. The results showed that 7 out of 13 indicators were feasible for further testing, while the remaining 6 indicators were not feasible. Using the PCA method, 3 indicators (Principal Component) were successfully obtained to represent the other 7 indicators, namely basic knowledge of helminthiasis, environmental sanitation, and personal hygiene related to helminthiasis among primary school children. This study concluded that the PCA method is effective in identifying factors associated with helminthiasis and can reduce correlated variables without losing important information from the original data. This helps in the implementation of helminthiasis prevention efforts in Indonesia.

Analysis of Iron (Fe) Content and PH Content of Protected Well Water in Leubok Village, Aceh Barat District

The provision of clean water is still a major problem in Indonesia and one of the reasons is that the available raw water is still limited. Even though it is recognized that water sources are closely related to the nutritional status of children, including stunting. The research objective was to analyze the water quality in protected deep wells in Leubok Village, Aceh Barat District. The method used is descriptive with an observational approach and laboratory examination. Two water sources, namely water from a drilled well with a depth of 12 meters and water from a drilled well with a depth of 6 meters are the research samples. The results of the physical test showed that the water was colorless, odorless and tasteless in both water sources. In the water of the drilled well at a depth of 12 meters, it was found that the content of Fe was 0.16 Mg/L and the pH was 7.9 Mg/L, while the water in the well, which was 6 meters deep, was found to contain Fe 0.06 Mg/L and the pH of the water was 7.5 Mg/L. The conclusion that can be drawn is that the sources of clean water from both water sources in Leubok Village meet the standard of maximum concentration for clean water for hygiene and sanitation purposes, as well as the requirements for drinking water, especially the physical and chemical criteria (particularly pH and Fe). To be truly suitable for consumption, further studies are needed on microbiological parameters, inorganic chemical parameters, and other chemical parameters.

Utilization of quantile mapping method using cumulative distribution function (CDF) to calibrated satellite rainfall GSMaP in Majalaya watershed

Flooding is a major problem in Indonesia, with a need for a more data-driven model to understand the sources of floods and potential measures. As ground-based data availability and quality are major sources of uncertainty in flood modeling in such a developing country, satellite-based data is one significant option to complement the drawbacks of ground-based data. The data available from the satellite data still needs to be calibrated with the ground-based observation data. This research uses satellite rainfall data from GSMaP (Global Satellite Mapping and Precipitation) by JAXA and the quantile mapping method to calibrate the satellite rainfall data with local rainfall observation. The quantile method is a bias correction method frequently used for precipitation and temperature variables. This method investigates the bias in regional satellite rainfall data and local rainfall observation. The satellite and ground-based data scales are changed to quantiles or percentiles to calculate the correction factors. The quantile mapping method aims to determine the closely fitted CDF curve between the satellite and the ground-based rainfall data. The study area is Majalaya, one of the regencies in West Java known as the metropolitan city for the textile industry and agriculture center. The Quantile Mapping method successfully calibrated the GSMaP rainfall data in Majalaya with an R2 of 0.996. This research can solve the problem of rainfall data in Indonesia and can further be developed for other purposes, such as flood analysis and prediction.

Contributions of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education to Entrepreneurial Intention with Entrepreneurial Motivation as an Intervening Variable in Vocational High School Students

Unemployment is a major problem in Indonesia. This happens because Indonesia is a country with a high population growth rate, which affects the competition for jobs. One way that is considered quite effective to overcome the problem of unemployment is to create or increase the number of entrepreneurs. This study aims to determine the direct effect and indirect effect of Innovation, Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurial Intention, on Entrepreneurial Motivation. The research method used in this research is quantitative. The independent variables are Innovation (X1) and Entrepreneurship Education (X2), the dependent variable is Entrepreneurial Intention (Y), and the Intervening variable is Entrepreneurial Motivation (Z). The number of respondents in this study were Vocational High School students with a sample of 32 students. Based on the results of research that has been done, directly and indirectly Innovation, entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial intention, and motivation have a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention in Vocational Students.

EDUKASI GIZI BALITA PADA IBU NIFAS DI DESA TEGAL SARI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS WALANTAKA SERANG BANTEN

Nutrition is still a major problem in Indonesia, so that it can lead to serious nutritional problems. Nutrition is one of the assessment indicators to determine the degree of public health in Indonesia. Good nutrition can increase the productivity of human resources. Toddlers who experience nutritional disorders have an impact on stunting and underweight. On the other hand, if the child is over-nourished, then the child can experience obesity and other diseases such as diabetes mellitus. The contributing factor is the lack of knowledge of mothers about healthy menus and how to process food. The solution taken is to provide health education to the community in the form of health counseling. This activity aims to increase mothers' knowledge about toddler nutrition. Community Service will be held in September 2021 in Tegal Sari Village, Walantaka District, Serang City, Banten. Respondents who took part in the activity were 30 mothers with toddlers. This activity consists of 3 stages, including: the preparation stage, the implementation stage and the evaluation stage. Data obtained from the results of interviews, pre-test, post-test, and discussion. The result of this activity is an increase in mother's knowledge about toddler nutrition. Pre-test results, lack of knowledge 63.3% and 36.7% good. The results of the post test showed a change, namely 30% less knowledge and 70% good knowledge

Efek Pemberian Formula Tepung Mocaf, Kacang Merah Dan Ikan Bandeng Untuk Balita Gizi Kurang Di Puskesmas Sabokingking

Background : One of the nutrition major problems in Indonesia is malnutrition. Age <5 years is a very important period in the process of child development. Therefore, during this period, child nutritional intake and health care must be considered . Purpose : To see the effect of giving biscuits formula of mocaf, red bean, and milkfish flour on the body weight of undernourished children at the Sabokingking Health Center. Methods : This research was conducted in 2 stages. In the first stage, it uses an experimental research type with a completely randomized non-factorial design. Then the second stage uses a quasi-experimental type of research with pre-test and post-test designs with two groups. This research was conducted in January-April 2022 at the Sabokingking Health Center with a total sample of 30 children under five in each group, which was determined by a non-random method based on inclusion criteria. Results : The results of the Independent T-Test showed that there was no significant difference in the average weight gain in the treatment and comparison groups with a p-value of 0.15 (> 0.05). Conclusion : There is no effect of giving the formulated cookies to the body weight of children under 5.

Acute Encephalitis Syndrome, Difficulties in Enforcing a Diagnosis and Promoting Vaccination in Indonesia

Brain infection in children is still a major problem in Indonesia. The term acute encephalitis syndrome refers to a state of body heat with altered mental status and/or seizures. AES is caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or other parasites. Data on AES incidents in Indonesia is still unclear. At Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, which is one of the education centers in Indonesia, 30 cases were found in 2015.1 One of the viral etiology that causes AES is Japanese Encephalitis (JE). In 2014 the Ministry of Health in collaboration with WHO developed JE sentinel surveillance in Bali and four other at-risk provinces. In 2016, JE sentinel surveillance was expanded to 11 provinces. Surveillance data for JE cases in Indonesia in 2016 showed that there were nine provinces that reported JE cases, including the Provinces of Bali, West Kalimantan, North Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara, DKI Jakarta, DI Yogyakarta, Central Java, West Nusa Tenggara, and Riau Islands. . The results of sentinel surveillance 2016 in 11 provinces showed that there were 326 cases of AES with 43 cases (13%) of which were positive for JE. As many as 85% of JE cases in Indonesia are in the 15 year age group and 15% in the > 15 year age group. Most JE cases are in the province of Bali.

Analysis of the Family's Role on the Status of Weight and Height of Children at Pelita Hati Early Childhood Education

Background: Child health problems are a major problem in Indonesia, especially those related to nutrition in children under five. This can cause barriers to the child's height and weight. This study aimed to analyze the influence of the role of the family on the weight and height status of children.Methods: This research design is an observational quantitative research with a cross sectional approach with the focus of his research directed at analyzing the independent variable the role of the family on the dependent variable of weight and height status in children at PAUD Pelita Hati Karangrejo Tulungagung using linear regression statistical test with a sample of 35 respondents were taken by using Simple Random Sampling technique.Results: The results of the study found that almost half of the respondents had a moderate category of family roles as much as 16 respondents (45,7%). Almost half of the respondents have body weight in the normal category as much 16 respondents (45,7%) and most of the respondents have a normal height category of 20 respondents (57,1%). Results of data analysis using Test Linear Regression on the weight variable that the p-value is 0.00 0 < 0.05 then H0 is rejected and H 1 is accepted so it can be concluded that there is an influence of the role of the family on the weight status of children in PAUD Pelita Hati Karangrejo Tulungagung. Meanwhile, in the height variable, the p-value is 0.045 <0.05, so H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted , so it can be concluded that there is an influence of the role of the family on the height status of children in PAUD Pelita Hati Karangrejo Tulungagung.Conclusion: Parents can monitor their child's growth and also provide foods that are high in fiber such as fruits and vegetables, foods that contain lots of protein such as meat and tempeh, drinks that contain lots of calcium such as milk so that children can grow optimally

Blood Zinc Profile and Fecal Analysis of Colitis Patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital

Background: Colitis is a gastrointestinal disease that poses a major problem in Indonesia. Zinc (Zn) is an important trace element which plays role as antimicrobial in intestinal mucosa, increases gastrointestinal barrier, and immune function. Colitis can cause histologic changes in gastrointestinal tract epithelial which will disrupt the absorption and excretion of Zn causing zinc deficiency. This study aims to evaluate the difference of Zn level in colitis and healthy subjects, as well as the fecal analysis profile of colitis patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Method: The design of this study was cross-sectional and was performed in colitis and healthy subjects. Colitis patients were recruited consecutively in patients in Gastroenterology Clinic and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Centre in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital. Zinc examination from blood sample was performed using spectrophotometry. Fecal analysis was performed manually. The level of zinc from colitis subjects was compared to healthy subjects. Fecal analysis examination consists of macroscopic, microscopic, and chemical examinations of the feces.Results: There were 40 colitis subjects and 16 healthy subjects in August 2019 - May 2020. There were significant differences in Zn levels between colitis and healthy subjects, which were 10.9 ± 1.9 mol/L and 12.3 ± 1 mol/L, respectively (p = 0.011). There were 45% (18/45) colitis subjects who were also suffering from Zn deficiency. The stool analysis in colitis subjects showed soft stool consistency in 90% subjects, slimy stools in 17.5%, increased in erythrocyte count in 60%, increased in leukocyte count in 5%, positive stool starch in 20%, positive stool fat in 7.5%, acid pH in 97.5%, positive stool occult blood in 37.5%, and fungi in stool in 7.5%.

Characteristics of product complementary feeding with fortified fish protein hydrolysate (FPH)

Malnutrition is still a major problem in Indonesia, particularly stunting and acute malnutrition due to protein deficiency. In contrast, Indonesia is rich in protein sources such as fish but they are poorly utilized. Biologically processed fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) has proven to be highly nutritious and digestible. Our preliminary study in developing the High Protein Complementary Food (HPCF) formula for infant enriched with FPH, showed that of 17 formulas, 3 formulas was the best. This study was aimed to analyzing sensory analysis using the hedonic test, physical analysis and absorption protein. The result shows that the hedonic test of FPH-enriched HPCF infant food revealed that the product was acceptable in term of colour, aroma and texture. In comparison to the commercial product, FPH-enriched instant HPCF infant product had higher bulk density. The highest Water Absorption Index (WAI) was F1-C, the highest Water Solubility Index (WSI) was F1-P, and the lowest rehydration was F2-P. Compared to commercial products, the instant FPH-enriched HPCF baby porridge has a bulk density that is greater than that of commercial products. The highest Water Absorption Index (WAI) was F1-C, the highest Water Solubility Index (WSI) was F1-P and the lowest time for Rehydration was at F2-P. HPCF enriched with FPH showed the best protein absorption significantly in the P2 treatment group

Antituberculosis agents of Lactobacillus plantarum and Pediococcus acidilactici Lactic Acid Bacteria in Breast milk isolates against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the infectious diseases that have become a major problem in Indonesia. This disease is caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. The bacteria are commonly treated with antibiotics. However, the use of irrelevant antibiotics is the most influential factor of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, natural ingredients are required as novel antibiotic agents, some of which are sourced from lactic acid bacteria. This study aims at investigating the antituberculosis activities of Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from breast milk against M. tuberculosis. Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactobacillus plantarum breast milk isolates were rejuvenated with MRS (De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe) broth media, and the supernatant was then neutralized to pH 7.0 using a pH meter by adding 1N NaOH solution. Antituberculosis activity test was performed with Lowensten Jensen media to investigate the growth of M. tuberculosis. The results of this study showed that Pediococcus acidilactici had antituberculosis activity at 48 hours at concentrations of 80% and 90%, while the secondary metabolites of L. plantarum had antituberculosis activity at 24 hours and 48 hours at concentrations of 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%. Therefore, this study concludes that P. acidilactici and L. plantarum bacteria have the potential to be developed as antituberculosis agents.