Major Ginsenosides Rb1 Research Articles

Simplified Extraction of Ginsenosides from American Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) for High-Performance Liquid Chromatography−Ultraviolet Analysis

Four methods were tested for extraction and recovery of six major ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, and Rg1) found in roots of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius): method A, sonication in 100% methanol (MeOH) at room temperature (rt); method B, sonication in 70% aqueous MeOH at rt; method C, water extraction (90 degrees C) with gentle agitation; and method D, refluxing (60 degrees C) in 100% MeOH. After 0.5-1 h, the samples were filtered and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-UV. A second extraction by methods C and D was done, but 85-90% of ginsenosides were obtained during the first extraction. Lyophilization of extracts did not influence ginsenoside recovery. Method D resulted in the highest significant recoveries of all ginsenosides, except Rg1. Method C was the next most effective method, while method A resulted in the lowest ginsenoside recoveries. Method B led to similar recoveries as method C. All methods used one filtration step, omitted time-consuming cleanup, but maintained clear peak resolution by HPLC, and can be used for quantitative screening of ginsenosides from roots and commercial ginseng preparations.

Quantitative determination of ginsenosides by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

An HPLC-MS/MS method was developed for the quantitative determination of ginsenosides, which are the marker compounds for herbal products containing Panax ginseng (Korean or Chinese ginseng) and P. quinquefolius (American ginseng). Samples were extracted with BondElut C18 HF extraction columns and the concentrations of seven major ginsenosides (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf, and Rg1) were determined by reversed-phase HPLC-MS/MS employing a quadrupole-ion trap mass spectrometer. Both positive and negative electrospray ionisation techniques were evaluated. Positive ionisation spectra of these compounds gave strong sodium adduct molecular and sodium adduct dimer ions. Negative ionisation yielded the molecular ion primarily and was, therefore, used for analysis: quantitative determination was based on the most abundant product ions for each ginsenoside. The method was used to extract and analyse commercial samples of P. ginseng and P. quinquefolius.

Determination of marker constituents in radix Glycyrrhizae and radix Notoginseng by near infrared spectroscopy.

High-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods were developed for the determination of glycyrrhizin in radix Glycyrrhizae and ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rf and Rg, in radix Notoginseng. These methods were used as reference methods for near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Spectroscopic calibrations were developed for the determination of glycyrrhizin, the total content of ginsenosides and the individual major ginsenosides Rb1, Rd, Re and Rg1. Standard errors of cross validation (SECV) were 1.22 mg g(-1) for glycyrrhizin (concentration range 21.3-34.1 mg g(-1)) and 0.99 mg g(-1) for the sum of ginsenosides (concentration range 55.3-71.1 mg g(-1)). The corresponding coefficients of determination (R2) were 0.94 and 0.98, respectively. The SECVs were generally less than a factor of 2.5 of the repeatability standard deviation of the HPLC methods.