Major Field Of Study Research Articles

창의융합 시대 인문교양교육에 대한 비판적 고찰 및 제언: 영문학의 사례를 중심으로

This study critically discusses the current state of liberal arts education in Korea in the era of creative convergence. Specifically, this study examines whether the demands of the times for fostering creative convergence talent are effectively being met through the nation’s liberal arts education. Today, all Korean universities cry out for “interdisciplinary convergence” as an antidote to the crisis of higher education; however, even professors in the same department put up a firm fence around their major field of study in the real world. Widely using co-teaching methods across disciplinary boundaries can help to tackle this problem. Moreover, this study proposes how the humanities can be renewed afresh in resistance to the fiercely pragmatist trend blasted on universities and societies more broadly, how to appeal to students (or the public) more effectively, and what to do with the humanities more immediately, focusing on the case of English literature specifically. It is necessary to have students (or the public) recognize that the humanities are studies that can not only change human beings in the long term, but also meet students’ ‘practical’ needs in the short term as well. This study discusses and proposes a plan for promoting both together, reinstating the intrinsic value of the humanities, and stressing and drawing social utility from such a value. In this context, this study sheds new light on the ‘problem-solving ability’ that can be developed through liberal arts education as an important agenda. Lastly, it shows the ways in which the humanities scholars can better aid and guide the students on the job market through long-term efforts to normalize the humanities fields and higher education more generally.

The study of urban form in Iran

The study of urban form in Iran has not produced a substantial body of knowledge. This paper categorizes the works of Iranian researchers into two main groups. The first group comprises the efforts of individual researchers, forming the origins of this field of study. This group includes studies on individual cities or the history of urban form, explanations of the fundamental concepts of urban morphology, and the use of urban form as a general term. The second group comprises the currently-emerging flow of research. This relies on more precise explanations of urban morphological concepts, addressing urban morphology and its varied methods, including space syntax. These publications are categorized by the scale, methodological approach, elements examined, temporal dimension, cities studied, techniques used, relation to other fields of knowledge, major field of study and reliance on a technical vocabulary of urban morphology. This paper thus presents a critical review of the study of urban form in Iran to reveal gaps of this field of research, and identifies the urban morphology domains that remain unexplored by Iranian scholars.

The study of urban form in Iran

The study of urban form in Iran has not produced a substantial body of knowledge. This paper categorizes the works of Iranian researchers into two main groups. The first group comprises the efforts of individual researchers, forming the origins of this field of study. This group includes studies on individual cities or the history of urban form, explanations of the fundamental concepts of urban morphology, and the use of urban form as a general term. The second group comprises the currently-emerging flow of research. This relies on more precise explanations of urban morphological concepts, addressing urban morphology and its varied methods, including space syntax. These publications are categorized by the scale, methodological approach, elements examined, temporal dimension, cities studied, techniques used, relation to other fields of knowledge, major field of study and reliance on a technical vocabulary of urban morphology. This paper thus presents a critical review of the study of urban form in Iran to reveal gaps of this field of research, and identifies the urban morphology domains that remain unexplored by Iranian scholars.

The Impact of Life Philosophy and Major Field of Study on Brazilian Students' Knowledge of Biological Evolution.

Evolutionary theory (ET) is the unifying theory of Life Sciences, but it is largely misunderstood and the target of dispute in many countries, mainly because of conflicts with religious beliefs. Brazil is a country with a culture that is deeply rooted belief in God. In this paper, we report a study in Brazil where we applied a 12-question questionnaire to understand the relationship among the major field of study and the self-declared religious and philosophical context on the knowledge of evolutionary theory by Brazilian freshmen. We answer the following questions: (1) Is there a difference in ET comprehension according to the major field of study? (2) Are religious and philosophical contexts related to the comprehension of ET? (3) Are major field of study and religious/philosophical contexts together related to the comprehension of ET by Brazilian freshmen? A total of 153 freshmen students answered our questionnaire. Students from the Biological Sciences fared better than students from most other major field of study but were equal to students of Humanities. The philosophical perception of life had a major correlation with their knowledge about evolution, with self-declared atheists and agnostics showing better performance than religious students. There were no clear trends in the interaction of major field of study and philosophy of life. We discuss these results in the light of the rising ideological activism in Brazilian society since philosophy of life was the main driver of evolutionary theory perception. We highlight the importance of scientists and teachers in reassuring the role of science and scientific knowledge in modern societies.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11191-021-00286-z.

Cybervictimology as a New Course Unit: Methodological Guidance

The author’s own teaching guide of the course “Cybervictimology” is presented. It is aimed at developing students’ scientific and research competencies within in the Master’s degree program “Criminal Law and Criminology” (major field of study is “Law”). Apart from that, the key objectives of the academic course are as follows: a) to inform students about the most relevant processes in the modern criminality, and specificities and changes in the status of victims afflicted by cybercrimes; b) to develop professional competencies related to efficiency of the future occupation in law enforcement; c) to develop skills of digital hygiene. Relevance of the proposed training course, its goals and tasks are described. The structure of lectures and seminars is outlined. Digital didactic technologies to be used in the course are detailed. To complete the course, a number of final testing forms (test questions, credit questions) ensuring quality of the acquired knowledge are introduced.

Effects of Corona Virus Pandemic on Community Health Services in Ilorin South Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria.

The World Health Organization (WHO) (2018) define community health as a branch of public health that focuses on people and their role as determinants of their own and other people's health in contrast to environmental health, social and economic resources to sustain emotional and physical wellbeing among people in ways that advance their aspirations and satisfy their needs in their unique environment. Community health is a major field of study within the medical and clinical sciences that focuses on the maintenance, protection, and improvement of the health status of population groups and communities. It is a distinct field of study that may be taught within a separate school of public health or environmental health .

The Role of Gut Microbiota in Overcoming Resistance to Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Patients: Mechanisms and Challenges.

The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has constituted a major revolution in the treatment of patients with cancer. In contrast with the traditional cytotoxic therapies that directly kill tumor cells, this treatment modality enhances the ability of the host’s immune system to recognize and target cancerous cells. While immune checkpoint inhibitors have been effective across multiple cancer types, overcoming resistance remains a key area of ongoing research. The gut microbiota and its role in cancer immunosurveillance have recently become a major field of study. Gut microbiota has been shown to have direct and systemic effects on cancer pathogenesis and hosts anti-tumor immune response. Many studies have also shown that the host microbiota profile plays an essential role in the response to immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint inhibitors. As such, modulating this microbial environment has offered a potential path to overcome the resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this review, we will talk about the role of microbiota in cancer pathogenesis and immune-system activity. We will also discuss preclinical and clinical studies that have increased our understanding about the roles and the mechanisms through which microbiota influences the response to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

How Should Translators Be Protected in the Workplace? Developing a Translator Rights Model Inventory

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying translators in the workplace, but the rights of translators are an uncharted area. The objectives of this paper are twofold. First, it studies translators’ perceptions of translator rights in the workplace. Second, it develops a translator rights model inventory that compiles practitioners’ viewpoints for studying and measuring translator rights. This paper presents findings from a questionnaire survey that collected both quantitative and qualitative data from 155 translation practitioners in Greater China (China, Hong Kong and Taiwan). The findings suggest that the translators attach the greatest importance to rights related to working conditions, followed by rights related to economic and social position, and finally those related to copyright issues. It was found that the translators are quite dissatisfied with the rights they have in the workplace, because what they wish to enjoy is much less than what they expect. In addition, a translator’s social variables, such as age, level of education, major field of study, and years of translation experience, are not related to the number of rights the person enjoys in the workplace. What was found to be related is sex and region in which the translator lives.

Review: Transatlantic Encounters: Latin American Artists in Paris between the Wars, by Michele Greet

Review: <i>Transatlantic Encounters: Latin American Artists in Paris between the Wars</i>, by Michele Greet

Gender economics: an assessment

AbstractConcerns about gender equality have jumped to the forefront of public debate in recent years, and Gender Economics is slowly affirming its place as a major field of study. This assessment examines where we are in terms of gender equality. It reviews the theoretical foundations that can explain existing inequalities, and documents the empirical findings supported by the theories, identifying avenues for future research and providing a fruitful framework to think about the effectiveness of policies and interventions targeting gender inequality. In doing so, I provide the foundations against which the contributions in this issue can be placed.

Islam, Travel, and Learning

This article focuses on the study of the relationship between Islam, travel, and learning by conducting a case study on Indonesian Muslim students who studied (or are studying) in Saudi Arabia. Specifically, it examines the changing dynamics of these students who traveled, immigrated to, and studied in Saudi Arabia in search of knowledge from previous centuries to the contemporary era. This article shows that Indonesian students in this peninsula are deeply plural and complex, far from being a monolithic group in terms of social background, religious affiliation, political orientation, major field of study, and motive of their study, among other factors. Thus, the present article aims at demystifying and challenging the common beliefs and narratives which hold that Saudi Arabia–trained Indonesian students have been exporters of Islamist intolerance, radicalism, or even terrorism.

Social media use and its impact on intrinsic motivation in Generation Z: a case study from Poland

PurposeActivities on social platforms affect the audience. They may impact brand perception, purchasing decisions or motivation to act. Motivation makes people behave in certain ways. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the use of social media and its impact on intrinsic motivation, with a focus on Generation Z users (born between 1994 and 2002).Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted multifaceted survey research among full-time and part-time students of one of the largest universities in Poland. The survey was carried out on students of three major fields of study. The analysis involved 427 questionnaires. The data was analysed both with unidimensional and two-dimensional statistical analysis.FindingsAlthough the respondents indicated some “motivational aspects” of social media usage, most of them were characterised by a passive attitude and infrequent activity on such websites. Not many of the respondents published actively. The respondents expected valuable content but were not inclined to disseminate it.Originality/valuePublishing of own content and ability to view others’ content in social media may not be enough to increase the user base of a social platform. One way to do this may be narrowing down or diversification of the array of additional services and functionalities that induce users to increase the use rate.

How bilayer properties influence membrane protein folding.

The question of how proteins manage to organize into a unique three-dimensional structure has been a major field of study since the first protein structures were determined. For membrane proteins, the question is made more complex because, unlike water-soluble proteins, the solvent is not homogenous or even unique. Each cell and organelle has a distinct lipid composition that can change in response to environmental stimuli. Thus, the study of membrane protein folding requires not only understanding how the unfolded chain navigates its way to the folded state, but also how changes in bilayer properties can affect that search. Here we review what we know so far about the impact of lipid composition on bilayer physical properties and how those properties can affect folding. A better understanding of the lipid bilayer and its effects on membrane protein folding is not only important for a theoretical understanding of the folding process, but can also have a practical impact on our ability to work with and design membrane proteins.

Solvent extraction of lithium from simulated shale gas produced water with a bifunctional ionic liquid

The recovery of lithium from brines is a major field of study with an increase in lithium-ion batteries consumption and the subsequent growth of lithium consumption. The recovery of lithium from shale gas produced water is promising since these sources could contain non-negligible concentrations of lithium. In this study, lithium extraction was investigated using solvent extraction with a bifunctional ionic liquid (IL) as an extracting agent diluted in n-dodecane. The components of these IL are cheap and commercially available products, namely Aliquat-336 (methyltrioctylammonium chloride) and DEHPA (di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid), and its synthesis is straightforward. Lithium extraction was optimized by studying several experimental parameters (mixing time, aqueous phase acidity, IL concentration in the solvent phase, aqueous lithium concentration). The mechanism of extraction was detailed, and the stripping was shown to be complete with 0.5 mol.L−1 of HCl. A two stages strategy was defined to recover lithium from synthetic brine. In the first stage, divalent metals are removed using five successive cycles of extraction with DEHPA (1 mol.L−1) dissolved in n-dodecane. In the second stage, the IL extracting agent [Aliquat-336][DEHPA] (1 mol.L−1) allowed to remove 83% of lithium in one cycle of extraction, which is higher than reported solvent extraction results with conventional extracting molecules.

A new method of design for additive manufacturing including machining constraints

Metal additive manufacturing is a major field of study and innovation. In almost every industry, a lot of effort goes into modelizing and optimizing designs in order to minimize global mass. In this context, despite all efforts, metal additive manufacturing, especially SLM, still produces parts generally considered as raw parts with some surfaces still needing to be machined in order to obtain the required geometrical quality. Despite sometimes, great complexity and cost, the machining stage is never taken into account in the design process, especially during the topological optimization approach. This paper proposes a new design for the additive manufacturing method in order to optimize the design stage and takes into account topological optimization machining as well as geometrical and mechanical constraints. The machining constraints are initially integrated as forces and functional surfaces, but also as the result of a topological optimization loop, in order to find the best possiblemounting solution for machining. It is shown on a typical aeronautic part that machining forcesmay be indeed the greatest forces during the part’s lifetime. Using two different topological optimization software, i.e. Inspire and Abaqus Tosca, the paper illustrates that it is possible to take into account most of the machining constraints to only slightly modify the initial design and thus simplify the machining stage and reduce cost and possible failure during machining.

평택 일부지역 대학생의 영양지식 수준과 식습관에 관한 연구

This study investigated nutrition knowledge and eating behaviors according to demographic factors among college students [n=306] in the Pyeongtaek area. Nutrition knowledge scores for carbohydrates (p＜0.05) and lipids (p＜0.01) as well as for obesity and diabetes (p＜0.01) and cancer (p＜0.01) were higher in female students than in male students. On the other hand, the nutrition knowledge score for vitamin E was higher in female students than in male students (p＜0.05). First-year students scored generally higher than second-year students for total nutrition knowledge related to vitamins and minerals (p＜0.05) as well as knowledge related to the prevention of disease such as cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis (p＜0.05). Nutrition knowledge by major field of study was generally higher for science and technology than for physical arts and others, particularly knowledge related to obesity and diabetes (p＜0.001) and osteoporosis (p＜0.05). Good and bad eating behavior scores were higher in males and first-year students than in females and second-year students. The obese student group had a significantly high score for eating soup (p＜0.05), whereas the normal group had significantly high scores for frequent eating out (p＜0.01) and bad eating behaviors (p＜0.05). Overall, female students had a higher nutrition knowledge score than that of male students. First-year students had a higher nutrition knowledge score than that of second-year students. But, female students had a lower good eating behavior score than that of male students, and first-year students had a higher score for both good and bad eating behaviors. These results show that nutrition knowledge of college students by gender or college year was not associated with good eating behaviors. Therefore, practical nutrition education plans to promote good eating behaviors of college students are needed. Nevertheless, development of plans for improving nutrition knowledge should consider the demographic characteristics of the students.

Just-In-Time Constraint-Based Inference for Qualitative Spatial and Temporal Reasoning

We discuss a research roadmap for going beyond the state of the art in qualitative spatial and temporal reasoning (QSTR). Simply put, QSTR is a major field of study in Artificial Intelligence that abstracts from numerical quantities of space and time by using qualitative descriptions instead (e.g., precedes, contains, is left of); thus, it provides a concise framework that allows for rather inexpensive reasoning about entities located in space or time. Applications of QSTR can be found in a plethora of areas and domains such as smart environments, intelligent vehicles, and unmanned aircraft systems. Our discussion involves researching novel local consistencies in the aforementioned discipline, defining dynamic algorithms pertaining to these consistencies that can allow for efficient reasoning over changing spatio-temporal information, and leveraging the structures of the locally consistent related problems with regard to novel decomposability and theoretical tractability properties. Ultimately, we argue for pushing the envelope in QSTR via defining tools for tackling dynamic variants of the fundamental reasoning problems in this discipline, i.e., problems stated in terms of changing input data. Indeed, time is a continuous flow and spatial objects can change (e.g., in shape, size, or structure) as time passes; therefore, it is pertinent to be able to efficiently reason about dynamic spatio-temporal data. Finally, these tools are to be integrated into the larger context of highly active areas such as neuro-symbolic learning and reasoning, planning, data mining, and robotic applications. Our final goal is to inspire further discussion in the community about constraint-based QSTR in general, and the possible lines of future research that we outline here in particular.

In-vitro evaluation of copper/copper oxide nanoparticles cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in normal and cancer lung cell lines

BackgroundNanotoxicology is a major field of study that reveals hazard effects of nanomaterials on the living cells. MethodsIn the present study, Copper/Copper oxide nanoparticles (Cu/CuO NPs) were prepared by the chemical reduction method and characterized by different techniques such as: X-Ray Diffraction, Transmission and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Evaluation of the toxicity of Cu/CuO NPs was performed on 2 types of cells: human lung normal cell lines (WI-38) and human lung carcinoma cell (A549). To assess the toxicity of the prepared Cu/CuOs NPs, the two cell types were exposed to Cu/CuO NPs for 72 h. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration IC50 of Cu/CuO NPs for both cell types was separately determined and used to examine the cell genotoxicity concurrently with the determination of some oxidative stress parameters: nitric oxide, glutathione reduced, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase. ResultsCu/CuO NPs suppressed proliferation and viability of normal and carcinoma lung cells. Treatment of both cell types with their IC50’s of Cu/CuO NPs resulted in DNA damage besides the generation of reactive oxygen species and consequently the generation of a state of oxidative stress. ConclusionOverall, it can be concluded that the IC50's of the prepared Cu/CuO NPs were cytotoxic and genotoxic to both normal and cancerous lung cells.

Tuberculosis Knowledge among University Students in Indonesia

The rising tuberculosis (TB) incidence has become one of the main health issues in the world. The objective of this study is to understand TB knowledge and what factors may predict students’ TB knowledge among University students in Indonesia. This study included a total of 200 students. Convenient sampling was used to recruit students for the study. Univariate analysis utilized, such as t-test and one-way ANOVA and Pearson correlations coefficient. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to understand which factors can predict the TB knowledge. Overall, the mean score for TB knowledge among the students was 9.49 out of 14. Most of the respondents were male, and included several ethnicities, such as Sunda and non-Sunda. The variables associated with TB knowledge were gender, education, major field of study, and heard of TB. Moreover, the study found that, as predictors, the variables that influenced knowledge about TB ranked according to relevance were: major field of study and educational background. Health promotion among students is very important to improve their knowledge related to TB disease. The findings could be used for designing the university strategic programs in measuring the knowledge of TB among their students. Students with accurate knowledge of TB can help reduce its prevalence in Indonesia.

Precipitation Prediction for South West Monsoon Over Karnataka using Supervised Learning Technique

Weather forecasting is a major field of study in the area of Meteorology. Data Scientists, meteorologists and weather forecasters are implementing the experimentation of weather forecasting base on numerical and statistical methods. Traditional models used the fluid and thermal dynamic strategies for grid-point time series prediction based on few inherited constraints, such as the adoption of incomplete boundary rules, model assumptions and numerical instabilities. The nominated work is focused on finding the south west monsoon months’ precipitation patterns over the specific stations of Karnataka State. A multi-dimensional data framework for climate database with implementation online based data analysis has been developed. This works is carried out on the basis of monsoons that have prevailed during a year for the past 10 years. The proposed model emphasis the implementation of the association rules which has been extracted by the supervised classifier approach of data mining algorithms. The data mining technique of association rules emphasis the occurrence of the precipitation and will be helpful to take decisions in advance to the day to day operations in business, agriculture, water management and etc.