Major Donor Research Articles

Clinical and radiological results of the vascularized medial femoral condyle graft for scaphoid non-union

IntroductionThis study evaluated the use of a free vascularized bone graft with and without cartilage from the medial femoral condyle (MFC) in patients with recalcitrant scaphoid non-union, with a special focus on union rates and the osteochondral graft for proximal pole destruction.Materials and methodsThirty-eight avascular scaphoid non-unions in 37 patients who were treated with a free osteoperiosteal or osteochondral MFC graft were retrospectively evaluated (mean follow-up 16 months). Bone union, the scapholunate and the radiolunate angles were evaluated on X-ray images. The range of motion, grip strength, VAS, DASH and PRWE scores were evaluated clinically.ResultsThe overall union rate was 95%. Bone union was achieved in 27 out of 29 (93%) scaphoids treated with a free osteoperiosteal MFC grafts and in 9 out of 9 (100%) scaphoids treated with a free osteochondral MFC graft. The range of motion remained almost unchanged, while grip strength increased significantly (34 kg vs. 44 kg) and the VAS (22–5), DASH (59–19) and PRWE (62–30) score decreased significantly. The scapholunate (71°–65°) and radiolunate (28°–18°) angle decreased. No major donor site morbidity was observed. Postoperative complications were observed in eight cases (21%).ConclusionsThe vascularized medial femoral bone graft leads to a good functional outcome in the treatment of scaphoid non-unions. The graft provides adequate blood supply and structural stability to the scaphoid. A proximal pole destruction can be replaced using an osteochondral graft with promising short-term results preventing carpal osteoarthritis and collapse.

Major Donors and Higher Education: Are STEM Donors Different from Other Donors?

Philanthropic support of higher education is a growing area of interest among academic fundraisers and philanthropy scholars. The academic fields of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), in particular, are in need of a better understanding of their major donors. This article analyzes a unique database of announced gifts to higher education institutions from 1995 to 2017 to investigate relationships between major donors’ characteristics and the magnitude of their gifts to STEM and all other academic disciplines. Major donors to STEM are disproportionately entrepreneurs who, on average, give larger gifts to STEM than other major donors. Quantile regressions reveal a positive and statistically significant relationship between major donors’ entrepreneurial status and gift amounts at the 99th quantile (worth US$100 million or more). As major funding sources for academic STEM are increasingly threatened, these findings are pertinent to academic institutions seeking to leverage major donors as an alternative source of funding.

Historical and economic analysis of cooperation between the International Monetary Fund and Ukraine in the context of modern challenges

The article an attempt was made to trace the historical path of cooperation between Ukraine and the International Monetary Fund from the early 1990s, when Ukraine gained independence, to the present. The purpose of the International Monetary Fund's activity has been defined in Article I of the Fund's Statute and is to promote: international monetary cooperation; expansion and balanced growth of international trade;exchange rate stability, maintenance of proper exchange between participants; the creation of a multilateral system of payments for current transactions between members and the elimination of currency restrictions that impede the growth of world trade; reduction of terms and degree of imbalance of participants' balance of payments. The main task of Ukraine's cooperation with the International Monetary Fund is financial support and development of the economy as a whole, as well as its restructuring from a planned administrative type to a market one. In addition, Ukraine has been experiencing a difficult period since 2014 in the context of military conflict with the Russian Federation, as well as the loss of part of its territories that played an appropriate economic role in the country's life. The International Monetary Fund has become a major donor in such a difficult environment.The International Monetary Fund is a unique organization in the world in the number and diversity of member countries, while maintaining the status of a lender of last resort in the event of financial crises.The International Monetary Fund provides foreign currency loans to Member States for two purposes: to cover the balance of payments deficit (actually to replenish official foreign exchange reserves) and to support macroeconomic stabilization and structural adjustment of the economy (lending to government budget expenditures). As a result of the study, the authors concluded that Ukraine's cooperation with the IMF had several historical stages, characterized by its specificity and peculiarities. Also, cooperation between Ukraine and the International Monetary Fund has both positive and negative points. At the same time, without such cooperation, it is difficult, and often impossible, for Ukraine to maintain its balance of payments, forcing the country to continue working together with this reputable world institution.

Growing Academic Physiatry: The Impact of the Baruch's Grants on Harvard Medical School and Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons. Part II.

Growing Academic Physiatry: The Impact of the Baruch's Grants on Harvard Medical School and Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons. Part II.

Impact of ABO incompatibility on outcomes after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for severe aplastic anemia.

The impact of ABO incompatibility on transplantation outcomes in severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients receiving haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains controversial without published data. A total of 199 SAA patients receiving haploidentical HSCT from ABO-matched (n = 114), minor ABO-incompatible (n = 47), or major ABO-incompatible donors (n = 38) were included in this study. The median time and cumulative incidences of both myeloid and platelet engraftment in the ABO-compatible and ABO-incompatible groups were similar, and pure red cell aplasia was absent. Minor ABO incompatibility increased the rate of grade III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) (ABO compatible: 6.14 ± 0.05%, minor incompatible: 19.15 ± 0.34%, and major incompatible: 10.53 ± 0.25%; P = 0.051), but did not influence the rates of grade II-IV aGVHD or chronic GVHD (cGVHD). Minor ABO-incompatibility was identified as an independent risk factor for grade III-IV aGVHD by multivariate analysis (hazard ration (HR) = 4.00 (1.48-10.80), P = 0.006). Chronic GVHD, mortality, and treatment failure were not increased in the minor ABO-incompatible group. For SAA patients receiving haploidentical HSCT, ABO compatible donors are better than ABO minor incompatible donors if several haploidentical donors are available.

Seven Practical Ways to Retain Major Donors

The Major Gifts ReportVolume 22, Issue 2 p. 1-1 Major Gifts Management Seven Practical Ways to Retain Major Donors First published: 09 January 2020 https://doi.org/10.1002/mgr.31395Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume22, Issue2February 2020Pages 1-1 RelatedInformation

Major Donors and Higher Education: Are STEM Donors Different from Other Donors?

Major Donors and Higher Education: Are STEM Donors Different from Other Donors?

Chinese Aid to Africa: Distinguishing Features and Local Effects

Drawing on our recent work on local effects of Chinese development projects in Africa, this review article highlights a number of distinguishing features of Chinese aid, and discusses how these may translate into local aid impacts that differ from those of other donors. Unlike aid from other major donors, Chinese aid projects were found to fuel local corruption, discourage trade union involvement, to not increase political incumbency support, and to make ethnic identities more salient in the local areas. As such, our findings highlight important donor heterogeneities as well as the need to consider not only to what extent aid achieves its explicit objectives, but also its potential unintended effects, or externalities.

Resident Terrorist Groups, Military Aid, and Moral Hazard: Further Empirical Analysis

ABSTRACT This paper revisits moral hazard associated with military aid given to host countries to eliminate their resident terrorist groups. This conflict aid presents recipient countries with perverse incentives because the aid ends once resident groups are removed. In the case of US aid recipients, the longevity of resident terrorist groups rose dramatically. The current article improves on the empirics of the pioneering article by showing that the moral-hazard concerns extend to other major donors – the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. Additionally, military assistance given by a collective of countries to host countries greatly reduces the moral hazard but does not eliminate it. Moreover, policy alignment or affinity between a major donor and the host aid-recipient country does not generally augment resident terrorist groups’ survival, except marginally for the United States, when other sources of military aid are allowed. We introduce other empirical and conceptual innovations for analyzing military-aid-induced moral hazard.

Agricultural Aid Allocations of Korea in Five sub-Saharan Countries: Aid Policy Implications for Agriculture-Rural Development

Background:The Official Development Assistance, or ODA has been an invaluable source to assist developing countries in their economic and social development. Of the major ODA donors, the Republic of Korea (Korea) became a significant player in ODA and a role model. Providing its ODA, Korea designates the priority partner countries to which 70% of Korean bilateral ODA is allocated and formulates a country partnership strategy for each priority partner country.Objective:This study focuses on five sub-Saharan countries that were designated as Korea’s priority partner countries during the period of 2011-2020 and takes a detailed look at Korea’s ODA to their Agriculture and Rural Development (ARD) during the same period. With the five countries and ARD, this study intends to examine a hypothesis; the worse its food security and agricultural development was at a national level, the larger Korea’s ARD aid the country received.Methods:To test the hypothesis, data collected from World Bank, Global Hunger Index Reports and Korea ODA Statistics are sorted and analyzed. Then comparisons are made between Korea’s grant disbursements to ARD and the status of food security of the five African countries: Ethiopia, Ghana, Mozambique, Rwanda, and Uganda.Results:Results from the data indicate that there seems little consistency between the status of agriculture and food security of the five African countries and the allocated amounts of Korean ARD grants.Conclusion:Therefore, selection criteria for ARD grant allocation should exist and policy suggestions are made for Korea to formulate more consistent and systemic strategies for ARD support in sub-Saharan countries.

Pakistan's State Sovereignty in the Light of Saudi Arab's Overt Dictation

Historically Pakistan's relations with Saudi Arab have been concerted and coordinated on the basis of calculated strategy, except for the few exceptions. Pakistan had maintained friendly ties with Saudi Arab but with time Saudi Arab started playing more assertive role in relation to Pakistan. Since inception Pakistan tends to look towards the Saudi Arab due to cultural orientation of its public. The unprecedented transition in paradigm of Pak-Saudi relations came when Saudi Arab assumed the role of major economic aid donor. Today, the role of Pakistan can be described as 'shatter belt' vis-à-vis major powers. Pakistani an attempt to pull itself out of Western influence relied on Saudi Aid which resulted in explicit dictation of Saudi Arab.The internal weakness of Pakistan extended the opportunity for accepting external pressure which compromised the sovereignty of state directly and placed Pakistan in compliant position in relation to Saudi Arab. This paper will divulge the unique relations of Saudi Arab and Pakistan by dissecting the dimensions of Saudi Arab's political, economic and cultural influence on Pakistan. It will also illume the Saudi hegemonic policies in which Pakistan adjusts and influenced to revise its own policy choices. This paper will dwell on the way forward in Pak-Saudi relations in order to restore balance and maintain sovereignty of the state.

Nonprofits looking for better‐informed, more engaged major donors

A survey of more than 600 nonprofit leaders from across the country highlights how charities are working to attract and retain major donors—an increasingly vital source of donations for the charitable sector—and how these donors can best support the needs and programming of the groups they fund.

Equity in aid allocation and distribution: A qualitative study of key stakeholders in Northern Uganda.

The Sustainable Development Goals have spurred a growing interest in and focus on equitable development. In theory, donors can play an important role in promoting equity within a country by providing services, influencing government policies and incorporating equity into decision-making. However, we know little about whether this actually happens on the ground. We conduct what we believe is the first study to explore the extent to which equity is prioritised in the allocation and distribution of aid, based on in-depth interviews with government officials, bilateral and international donors, and implementing partners operating in Northern Uganda. We find that a broad category of people are perceived to be marginalised/vulnerable, with a substantial segment largely untargeted by major donor programmes. Various stakeholders employ a wide range of strategies to identify the most vulnerable individuals and groups, including the use of available data and statistics, consultation and engagement with relevant stakeholders, and undertaking primary data collection. The strategies used to incorporate equity in aid allocation and distribution include: targeting the regions of Northern Uganda and Karamoja in particular, targeting both refugees and host populations in refugee-hosting districts, prioritising the critically vulnerable in any aid distribution process, and using specific tools and consultants to ensure that major equity issues are addressed in proposals. Challenges undermining the process include poor understanding of the concept of equity among some implementing partners, lack of comprehensively disaggregated data, corruption, and political interference in choice of aid location from government officials and donors.

Hydrogen Does Not Appear To Be a Major Electron Donor for Symbiosis with the Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent Tubeworm Riftia pachyptila.

Use of hydrogen gas (H2) as an electron donor is common among free-living chemolithotrophic microorganisms. Given the presence of this dissolved gas at deep-sea hydrothermal vents, it has been suggested that it may also be a major electron donor for the free-living and symbiotic chemolithoautotrophic bacteria that are the primary producers at these sites. Giant Riftia pachyptila siboglinid tubeworms and their symbiotic bacteria ("Candidatus Endoriftia persephone") dominate many vents in the Eastern Pacific, and their use of sulfide as a major electron donor has been documented. Genes encoding hydrogenase are present in the "Ca Endoriftia persephone" genome, and proteome data suggest that these genes are expressed. In this study, high-pressure respirometry of intact R. pachyptila and incubations of trophosome homogenate were used to determine whether this symbiotic association could also use H2 as a major electron donor. Measured rates of H2 uptake by intact R. pachyptila in high-pressure respirometers were similar to rates measured in the absence of tubeworms. Oxygen uptake rates in the presence of H2 were always markedly lower than those measured in the presence of sulfide, as was the incorporation of 13C-labeled dissolved inorganic carbon. Carbon fixation by trophosome homogenate was not stimulated by H2, nor was hydrogenase activity detectable in these samples. Though genes encoding [NiFe] group 1e and [NiFe] group 3b hydrogenases are present in the genome and transcribed, it does not appear that H2 is a major electron donor for this system, and it may instead play a role in intracellular redox homeostasis.IMPORTANCE Despite the presence of hydrogenase genes, transcripts, and proteins in the "Ca Endoriftia persephone" genome, transcriptome, and proteome, it does not appear that R. pachyptila can use H2 as a major electron donor. For many uncultivable microorganisms, omic analyses are the basis for inferences about their activities in situ However, as is apparent from the study reported here, there are dangers in extrapolating from omics data to function, and it is essential, whenever possible, to verify functions predicted from omics data with physiological and biochemical measurements.

Depression, GABA, and Age Correlate with Plasma Levels of Inflammatory Markers.

Immunomodulation is increasingly being recognised as a part of mental diseases. Here, we examined whether levels of immunological protein markers changed with depression, age, or the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). An analysis of plasma samples from patients with a major depressive episode and control blood donors (CBD) revealed the expression of 67 inflammatory markers. Thirteen of these markers displayed augmented levels in patients compared to CBD. Twenty-one markers correlated with the age of the patients, whereas 10 markers correlated with the age of CBD. Interestingly, CST5 and CDCP1 showed the strongest correlation with age in the patients and CBD, respectively. IL-18 was the only marker that correlated with the MADRS-S scores of the patients. Neuronal growth factors (NGFs) were significantly enhanced in plasma from the patients, as was the average plasma GABA concentration. GABA modulated the release of seven cytokines in anti-CD3-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the patients. The study reveals significant changes in the plasma composition of small molecules during depression and identifies potential peripheral biomarkers of the disease.

STATISTICAL SURVEY OF MIGRATION PROCESSES IN UKRAINE IN CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION

The article is devoted to the study of the main indicators of the Ukrainian labor market and the phenomenon of labor migration to the countries of the European Union and the world in general. The peculiarity of this situation and migration policy in our country consists in Ukraine acting simultaneously as the country of origin, destination and transit of migrants. On the one hand, this leads to many problems occurring, on the other hand, it is opening up new opportunities related to migration.The basis of our research was the official statistics of the country's population movements. The analysis of supply and demand in the labor market showed that the supply level was drastically increased. However, the availability of vacancies allows us to state the dissatisfaction of potential employees with those because of their allowance. The structure of unemployment among various professional groups was also investigated.We analyzed the directions, age groups and employment sectors of Ukrainian labor migrants. Moreover, we looked into the financial income of workers from the major labor donor countries. We discovered that the top three countries of labor migration are the Philippines, Pakistan and Ukraine. According to the results of the study of financial revenues, it is found that long-term migrants' transfers to Ukraine make up almost half of the households’ budget.It has also been ascertained that the uncontrolled arrival of workers from abroad increases competition in the national labor market, which may cause a decrease in real wages and an increase in unemployment. Illegal staying of foreigners, and especially them working here, provokes the development of criminal structures, undermining the legal system. Also, foreign migrants who are not cared for by their native country can become an additional burden on the host country's social system.

Finding the Next Major Donor: The Relationship between Financial Planning Horizon and Charitable Giving

Previous research has studied the characteristics associated with the presence and amount of charitable giving. However, few of these studies have explored the relationship between financial planning horizon and philanthropic donations, especially large donations. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the Health and Retirement Study data, this paper explores the factors associated with charitable giving over time with a particular focus on financial planning horizon. This paper concludes that American adults who have longer financial planning horizons are more likely to make charitable donations compared to those whose planning horizon is short, i.e., less than six months. Among donors, major gifts are associated with long-term financial planning horizon, wealth, religious activity frequency, volunteer experience, and education.

Make Time to Qualify Major Gift Donors

Make Time to Qualify Major Gift Donors

332.7: Liver grafts with major extended donor criteria might expand the organ pool for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Liver Transplantation. Background: The major extended donor criteria (maEDC; steatosis > 40%, age > 65 years and cold ischemia time > 14 hours) influence graft and patient outcome after liver transplantation (LT). Despite organ shortage, maEDC organs are often considered unsuitable for transplantation and discarded. We investigated the outcomes of maEDC organ LT in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: 264 HCC LT patients were eligible for analysis. Risk factor analysis was performed for early allograft dysfunction, primary non-function, 30-day and 90-day graft failure, and 30-day, 90-day and 1-year patient mortality. Results: One-year graft survival was higher in recipients of no-maEDC grafts. One-year patient survival did not differ between the recipients of no-maEDC and maEDC organs. The univariate and the multivariate analyses revealed no association between maEDC grafts and 1-year patient mortality. Graft survival differed between the recipients of no-maEDC and maEDC organs after correcting for a labMELD score with a cut-off value of 20 and patient survival did not. Also, patient survival did not differ between recipients who did and did not meet the Milan criteria and who received grafts with and without maEDC. Conclusions: Instead of being discarded, maEDC grafts may be an alternative to expand the organ pool for patients with HCC who are waiting for LT and reduce the oncological drop-out rate from the waiting list.

117.6: The impact of major extended donor criteria on graft failure and patient mortality after liver transplantation.

117.6: The impact of major extended donor criteria on graft failure and patient mortality after liver transplantation.