Major Domains Of Personality Research Articles

Couple dominance, dark personality traits, and power motivation

In romantic couples, there is usually an asymmetry in decisional power such that one partner is dominant and the other is subordinate. This study investigated the role of sex, ethnicity, self-assessed social status, personality traits, and power motivation (both explicit and implicit) as potential determinants or correlates of couple dominance in a mixed-sex sample of 50 college students. Through a previously validated questionnaire, participants indicated whether they were dominant or subordinate in their romantic relationship, or whether the latter was egalitarian. Major personality domains, narcissism, psychopathy, borderline, autistic-like traits, and explicit power were assessed through questionnaires. Participants also underwent a Picture Story Exercise to evaluate their implicit motives. Being dominant and having high explicit, but not implicit, power motivation were associated with some psychopathic, narcissistic, and/or borderline traits, while autistic-like traits were associated with being subordinate. Traits such as extraversion, conscientiousness, and honesty-humility had weak associations with couple dominance and/or explicit or implicit power motivation. Our findings have implications for the understanding of dominance dynamics within couples and the relationship between personality traits and power motivation.

The association between personality, relationship satisfaction, and psychopathology in a three-wave, longitudinal study.

The aim of this work was to better understand the role of personality as it relates to psychopathology, with satisfaction as a mediating variable. Personality is an important determinant of many life outcomes including relationship satisfaction and psychopathology. Previous work has demonstrated that broad domains of normal personality have low-to-moderate associations with various forms of psychopathology. Research has primarily focused on mechanisms that might explain how common personality traits put one at risk for common forms of psychopathology; this work builds upon existing work in examining relationship satisfaction as one possible mechanism. No study to date has examined whether relationship satisfaction mediates the connection between personality and psychopathology. We utilized multilevel modeling in a longitudinal sample of 100 newlywed couples to test the hypothesis that major domains of personality (positive temperament, negative temperament, disinhibition) have a significant effect on relationship satisfaction which, in turn, is significantly associated with internalizing and externalizing forms of psychopathology. We found no evidence for the mediating role of relationship satisfaction; however, in exploratory analyses, we did find evidence for both between-person and within-person effects of personality on psychopathology. This study confirms the role of personality as an important factor in consideration of dyadic processes, though not entirely deterministic for downstream functioning. Thus, separate factors in addition to personality may be worth examining in consideration of how low relationship satisfaction may be associated with psychopathology.

Pathological personality in relation to multiple domains of quality of life and impairment: Evidence for the specific relevance of the maladaptive poles of major trait domains.

The current study examined whether personality domains have nonmonotonic relationships with functional outcomes, specifically in relation to quality of life and impairment. Four samples were utilized, which were drawn from the United States and Germany. Personality trait domains were measured via the IPIP-NEO and PID-5; quality of life (QoL) was measured with the WHOQOL-BREF, and impairment was measured using the WHODAS-2.0. The PID-5 was analyzed in all four samples. Two-line testing, which fits two spline regression lines separated at a break point, was conducted to evaluate potential nonmonotonicity of the relationship between personality traits and quality of life. Overall, results demonstrated little support for nonmonotonic relationships in the PID-5 and IPIP-NEO dimensions. Rather, our results indicate that there is one clear pathological pole of major domains of personality that is associated with lower quality of life and increased impairment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Self-defining memories-Narrative features in relation to adaptive and maladaptive personality traits (replication and extension of Blagov & Singer, 2004).

Self-defining memories (SDMs) are units of life-story analysis, whose features resemble elements from narrative identity's factorial structure. To bridge narrative-identity and personality-trait domains, we conducted a replication and extension of prior research. We linked four SDM features - affect, specificity, meaning making, and content - to the Big Three trait domains of personality and psychopathology in a small sample that was well-powered for multilevel modeling (133 participants, 1330 SDMs). Affect SDM affect correlated with indices of Positive Emotionality and Negative Emotionality, and narrative themes of contamination were associated with Negative Emotionality. Specificity SDM specificity vs. overgenerality related to Constraint and Negative Emotionality indices, lending support to the executive dysfunction and emotional disorder theories of overgeneral autobiographical memory. (Tests of the avoidance thesis of overgeneral memory were inconclusive.) Meaning making Explicit meaning making in SDMs reflected adaptive personality. It moderated (or buffered) the link between SDMs' affect and chronic emotional distress. Content The links between SDM content and traits suggest that SDMs reflect personal goals, whose fulfillment or frustration relate to psychological health. This research serves replication purposes as well as the purpose of connecting two major domains of personality: narrative identity and adaptive and maladaptive traits.

Personality and HbA1c: Findings from six samples

Personality traits are associated with risk of diabetes, but most research to date has relied on participants reported diagnosis rather than objective markers of glycaemia. The present study examined the association between the five major domains of personality (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Participants (N > 26,000) were individuals aged from 16 to 104 years from six large community samples from the US, Europe, and Japan who had data on personality, demographic factors, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and HbA1c. Of the five factors, only higher conscientiousness was related consistently to lower HbA1c level across most samples and in the meta-analysis. Conscientiousness was also related to lower risk of HbA1c ≥6.5 % (OR = .85, 95 %CI = 0.80−0.90). BMI and physical activity partially mediated the link between conscientiousness and HbA1c. There were not consistent associations for the other four traits across the six samples and no consistent associations between personality and likelihood of undiagnosed diabetes. The present study found replicable associations between conscientiousness and HbA1c in adulthood. Assessment of conscientiousness may improve the identification of individuals at risk of diabetes and guide personalized interventions for regulation of HbA1c level.

Mental Toughness and Associated Personality Characteristics of Marathon des Sables Athletes.

Mental toughness (MT) is commonly referred to as an important prerequisite for sustained athletic achievement. The increased research focus on MT has led to the development of a consistent debate centered around whether the construct is a unidimensional or multidimensional trait, and whether it can be differentiated from similar constructs such as hardiness. In order to move toward more clarity of MT, the present study is exploratory in nature, using athletes who have competed in the Marathon des Sables (MdS) ultra-endurance event. The MdS is a timed 250 km race in the Sahara Desert that takes place over 6 days in temperatures exceeding 40°C. Forty two British MdS competitors were recruited via the United Kingdom organizing company. Each participant completed the NEO PI-R as a measure of the five major domains of personality, as well as the six traits or facets that define each domain. Additionally, they completed the Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire (SMTQ). The MdS sample’s NEO PI-R results were compared against general population norms, and results showed a distinct ultra-endurance athlete profile characterized by significantly higher levels of extraversion and openness to experience. Additionally, the MdS sample’s SMTQ scores were higher than the normed sample consisting of a collection of athletes representing multiple sports. Finally, linear regression analyses indicated a convergence between the two measures, supporting the argument that MT may in fact be measured by a general personality questionnaire such as the NEO PI-R.

Five-Factor Personality Profile in Bipolar Mood Disorder and Borderline Personality Disorder

Background: Bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder have some similar symptoms that might confuse the diagnosis. Many experts defend the borderline pathology within the spectrum of bipolar illness. Objectives: This study aimed to compare patients with borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder from a novel perspective, i.e., personality traits defined by the five-factor model of personality. Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted in Psychiatry Clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Consecutive patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder and bipolar I disorder by a semi-structured clinical interview were enrolled excluding those with comorbidity. The NEO inventory was used to score on five major domains of personality. Results: A total of 60 patients (40 males) completed the study with a mean age of 28.3 ± 8.1 years (range: 19 - 59). Regardless of the diagnosis, patients scored the highest on openness to experience and the least on conscientiousness. There was no significant difference between patients with bipolar mood disorder and patients with borderline personality disorder in terms of five personality dimensions. Males, in general, scored higher than females on conscientious, but male patients with bipolar disorder scored higher on agreeableness and extroversion. Conclusions: This study showed a comparable personality profile between patients with bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder.

No evidence for morphometric associations of the amygdala and hippocampus with the five-factor model personality traits in relatively healthy young adults.

Despite the important functional role of the amygdala and hippocampus in socioemotional functioning, there have been limited adequately powered studies testing how the structure of these regions relates to putatively relevant personality traits such as neuroticism. Additionally, recent advances in MRI analysis methods provide unprecedented accuracy in measuring these structures and enable segmentation into their substructures. Using the new FreeSurfer amygdala and hippocampus segmentation pipelines with the full Human Connectome Project sample (N = 1105), the current study investigated whether the morphometry of these structures is associated with the five-factor model (FFM) personality traits in a sample of relatively healthy young adults. Drawing from prior findings, the following hypotheses were tested: 1) amygdala and hippocampus gray matter volume would be associated with neuroticism, 2) CA2/3 and dentate gyrus would account for the relationship of the hippocampus with neuroticism, and 3) amygdala gray matter volume would be inversely associated with extraversion. Exploratory analyses were conducted investigating potential associations between all of the FFM traits and the structure of the hippocampus and amygdala and their subregions. Despite some previous positive findings of whole amygdala and hippocampus with personality traits and related psychopathology (e.g., depression), the current results indicated no relationships between the any of the brain regions and the FFM personality traits. Given the large sample and utilization of sophisticated analytic methodology, the current study suggests no association of amygdala and hippocampus morphometry with major domains of personality.

Internal and external aspects of self-handicapping reflect the distinction between motivations and behaviours: Evidence from the Self-handicapping Scale

Self-handicapping is an extensively studied phenomenon that has important educational consequences. Much of its empirical study uses the Self-handicapping Scale (SHS) to assess self-handicapping as a single construct. The current study (N=484 university students) tests whether a multifactorial solution to the SHS is more appropriate and meaningful. Parallel analysis and exploratory factor analysis of 242 responses to the SHS suggested two factors. Confirmatory factor analysis of this solution showed satisfactory fit in a second sample (N=242; CFI=.909, RMSEA=.062). The factors were labelled ‘Self-handicapping Internal’ and ‘Self-handicapping External’. These two factors reflect a distinction between cognitive/affective and behavioural components of the self-handicapping phenomenon. The factors showed a significantly different pattern of correlations with procrastination, self-esteem, conscientiousness and emotional stability. Collectively the two factors showed greater incremental prediction of academic achievement than a single SHS total score alone. Moreover, this prediction of achievement held after accounting for personality, providing some degree of evidence that self-handicapping is distinct from major personality domains. Results are discussed in terms of the additional substantive information gleaned from separating self-handicapping measures into multiple components.

Analogy’s straddling of analytical and creative thinking and relationships to Big Five Factors of personality

This research study examined how the analogy test items in both the multiple-choice and the non-multiple-choice forms related to analytical thinking, creative thinking, and the five major personality domains. Five hundred eighty-two 6th graders were recruited from 12 public elementary schools located across Taiwan. Both ready-made and self-constructed instruments were used in this study. The major findings are shown as follows. The three analogy subscales in the multiple-choice form were all significantly correlated with analytical and creative thinking, with their correlations with analytical thinking stronger than those with creative thinking. In contrast, the analogy subscales in the non-multiple-choice form, the simile sentence completion, had a much stronger correlation with creative thinking than that with analytical thinking. The traditional analogical-verbal items in the multiple-choice form and the analogy test items in the form of simile sentence completion could significantly predict creative thinking independent of analytical thinking and also significantly predict analytical thinking independent of creative thinking. In addition, the simile sentence completion, openness to experience, and analytical thinking could significantly explain the variance of creative thinking. Discussions of the findings, with a special focus on the two types of novel analogy items, were presented in the context of the existing literature.

Is empathizing in the E–S theory similar to agreeableness? The relationship between the EQ and SQ and major personality domains

This study investigated the relationship between the Empathy Quotient (EQ) and Systemizing Quotient (SQ) and major personality domains (Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Honesty–Humility) using two personality questionnaires: the NEO-FFI and the HEXACO-PI. Participants who responded were 1382 university students for the NEO-FFI, and 842 for the HEXACO-PI, with the EQ and SQ. The results showed almost no relationship between the EQ and SQ and the five-factor personality domains of the NEO-FFI. The regression analysis showed that the NEO-FFI explained only 2–3% of the variance of the EQ/SQ, while in the domains of the HEXACO-PI extraversion moderately correlated with the EQ (r=0.32) and openness showed the highest correlation with the SQ (r=0.44). The regression analysis showed that the HEXACO-PI explained 22% of the variance of the EQ and 28% of the variance of the SQ. The strong relationship between the EQ and agreeableness, which was reported as r=0.75 by Nettle (2007), was hardly found in the results of the NEO-FFI (r=0.16) and HEXACO-PI (r=0.17). These results suggest that that empathizing and systemizing, as one-dimensional constructs, are not substantially related to personality, although some weak relationship might be observed between the EQ/SQ and some personality domains.

Ordem do Nascimento e Abertura à Experiência: Comunicação Breve

Ordem do nascimento é definida como a posição ocupada por uma pessoa conforme a sua idade entre seus irmãos e irmãs. Abertura à experiência é uma das cinco dimensões básicas da personalidade. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a relação entre ordem do nascimento e abertura à experiência em uma amostra de 472 estudantes universitários (média de idades = 24,6 anos; DP = 8,8). Os resultados indicaram efeitos distintos para homens e mulheres quanto à influência da ordem do nascimento. Os resultados são discutidos em termos de possíveis particularidades culturais e do delineamento metodológico empregado para a avaliação da personalidade.

Brain Biochemistry and Personality: A Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study

To investigate the biochemical correlates of normal personality we utilized proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Our sample consisted of 60 subjects ranging in age from 18 to 32 (27 females). Personality was assessed with the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). We measured brain biochemistry within the precuneus, the cingulate cortex, and underlying white matter. We hypothesized that brain biochemistry within these regions would predict individual differences across major domains of personality functioning. Biochemical models were fit for all personality domains including Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Our findings involved differing concentrations of Choline (Cho), Creatine (Cre), and N-acetylaspartate (NAA) in regions both within (i.e., posterior cingulate cortex) and white matter underlying (i.e., precuneus) the Default Mode Network (DMN). These results add to an emerging literature regarding personality neuroscience, and implicate biochemical integrity within the default mode network as constraining major personality domains within normal human subjects.

P02-490 - Personality traits and PTSD after experiencing civilian war-related trauma among women in Croatia

IntroductionAlthough many studies report that neuroticism and introversion predispose people to PTSD after exposure to traumatic event, the relationship between personality traits and PTSD is still vague. Also, little attention has been given to posttraumatic responses of civilians and especially women after war circumstances.ObjectivesTo explore the relationships between basic personality traits and PTSD among female civilians who have experienced war- related trauma.AimsTo investigate whether women with current PTSD, PTSD in remission, and those who did not develop PTSD differ in neuroticism, extroversion, openness to experience, agreeableness and conscientiousness.MethodsThe research is a part of a larger study „Psychobiology of PTSD”. CAPS and NEO PI-R were administrated to 395 female participants: 61 participants have current PTSD, 124 PTSD in remission and 108 never developed PTSD after experiencing at least one civilian war related traumatic event. The control group consisted of 101 women with no war related trauma.ResultsFour groups significantly differ on four out of five major domains of personality (one way ANOVA). Women with current PTSD and PTSD in remission have significantly higher scores on neuroticism (F = 25,170, p = ,000). Non PTSD group and controls show significantly higher scores on extroversion (F = 29,980, p = ,000) and on openness to experience (F = 18,421, p = ,000). Participants with current PTSD score have significantly lower scores on conscientiousness in comparison to the other three groups (5,672, p = ,001).ConclusionAccording to our results, personality traits are in significant relationship with PTSD development in female civilians with war related traumatization.

Fluctuating Asymmetry and personality

The relationship between Fluctuating Asymmetry (FA) and personality can cast light on the fitness consequences and selective benefits underlying personality. However few studies have investigated the topic and these have rendered inconsistent findings. Theoretically predicted relationships of FA to personality include linear associations and curvilinear associations (with low FA leading to average—not extreme—personality trait levels). Evidence for no association would suggest that personality has no consequences for general fitness. We summarise the findings to date, adding two new studies, testing each of the hypothesised models with well-validated measures of FA, and personality traits. No consistent associations were found. Though it remains possible that low FA is weakly related to conscientiousness and openness to experience, the major personality domains seem unrelated to FA.

Personality in 100,000 Words: A large-scale analysis of personality and word use among bloggers

Previous studies have found systematic associations between personality and individual differences in word use. Such studies have typically focused on broad associations between major personality domains and aggregate word categories, potentially masking more specific associations. Here I report the results of a large-scale analysis of personality and word use in a large sample of blogs ( N = 694). The size of the dataset enabled pervasive correlations with personality to be identified for a broad range of lexical variables, including both aggregate word categories and individual English words. The results replicated category-level findings from previous off-line studies, identified numerous novel associations at both a categorical and single-word level, and underscored the value of complementary approaches to the study of personality and word use.

Categorical and Dimensional Models of Personality Disorder

We review major categorical and dimensional models of personality pathology, highlighting advantages and disadvantages of these approaches. Several analytic and methodological approaches to the question of the categorical versus dimensional status of constructs are discussed, including taxometric analyses, latent class analyses, and multivariate genetic analyses. Based on our review, we advocate a dimensional approach to classifying personality pathology. There is converging evidence that four major domains of personality are relevant to personality pathology: neuroticism/negative affectivity/emotional dysregulation; extraversion/positive emotionality; dissocial/antagonistic behavior; and constraint/compulsivity/conscientiousness. Finally, we discuss how dimensional approaches might be integrated into the diagnostic system, as well as some of the major issues that must be addressed in order for dimensional approaches to gain wide acceptance.

The utility of the Five Factor Model in understanding risky sexual behavior

Abstract The physical, emotional, and financial consequences of engaging in risky sexual behavior can be extremely high. This paper explores the relations between the Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality and a variety of risky sexual behaviors using a community sample of 481 individuals who are part of an ongoing longitudinal study. More specifically, we examined the relations between the five major personality domains, as well as the 30 specific facets, and six risky sexual behaviors including number of partners, the use of drugs or alcohol before or during sex, number of sexual acts without using a condom, giving birth at an early age, sex outside one's primary relationship, and early sexual initiation. The results suggest that personality can make a valuable contribution to our understanding of several risky sexual behaviors. In particular, the domains of low Agreeableness, low Openness to Experience, and high Extraversion were significantly related to multiple high risk sexual behaviors. In addition, several specific personality traits made significant contributions (e.g., high gregariousness, high excitement seeking, low openness to fantasy, low trust, and low straightforwardness).

Personality and sex

This study investigated the links between 12 personality traits representative of the five major personality domains and sexual attitudes and behaviours. Respondents were 125 university undergraduates who participated in the study in exchange for course credit. The data were analysed using correlation analysis, MANOVA (General Linear Model), and principal components analysis. Although the correlation analysis showed that sexual attitudes and behaviours were related to a wide range of personality traits, the more advanced analyses revealed that these attitudes and behaviours can best be understood in terms of components of E as well as a small number of other facets. The principal components analysis suggested that sexual attitudes can be grouped into two distinct categories, namely, sexual anxiety/fear of sex and sexual motivation/sexual preoccupation. Each has its own personality correlates. The results are discussed with reference to earlier research.

The influence of distraction on reading comprehension: a Big Five analysis

This experiment is a partial replication of the Furnham, Gunter, and Peterson (1994) study of personality and television distraction effects on undergraduate reading comprehension performance. We examined the effects of television distraction on the reading comprehension of 178 undergraduates who were either relatively high or low on the five major personality domains: extraversion (E), neuroticism (N), agreeableness (A), conscientiousness (C), and openness to experience (O). Participants completed a personality inventory and two comprehension passages—one in silence and the other while being distracted. The usual extraversion over introversion superiority was found in one condition, while a lack of task difficulty/complexity and the effects of transmarginal inhibition are thought to have complicated other findings pertaining to E. Results were inconclusive with respect to N, C, A and O. These results, which highlight the complex nature of personality, comprehension and distraction, are discussed with reference to other research findings.