Major Consumer Research Articles

Public knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding antibiotics use and resistance in Montenegro.

A drug consumption monitoring revealed that Montenegro is one of the major consumers of antimicrobial drugs in Europe. The aim of this study is to obtain the first data on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the general population in Montenegro regarding antibiotics use. This cross-sectional study was designed according to the methodology of Eurobarometer survey on antimicrobial resistance, created by the European Commission. The standardized questionnaire was conducted in Podgorica, in October-November 2022. A total of 532 participants completed the questionnaire. More than a half of responders (60.9%) have received antibiotics within the last 12 months and among them 33.4% was missing a medical prescription, nor the antibiotic was administered by a medical practitioner. The rest of the responders mostly had some antibiotics left over from a previous course (13.0%), had taken it from a pharmacy (11.4%), or elsewhere without a prescription. The most frequent reasons for antimicrobial therapy were "cold" (22.5%), "sore throat" (21.0%), "cough" (19.4%), and "COVID-19" (coronavirus disease 2019) (17.9%). Throat swab, blood test, urine test, or other test that could identify the cause of the illness preceded antimicrobial therapy in 46.3% participants. Only one-half of the participants were convinced that antibiotics are ineffective in viral infection treatment. This study is the first report on public knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antibiotics use and resistance in Montenegro and it highlights the need for the knowledge improvement among general population, better regulations for antibiotics procurement and a campaign regarding appropriate antibiotics use among youth.

The impact of country risk on nickel supply chain: based on complex network and panel regression analysis

Nickel is an important key resource and plays an increasingly important role in new energy technologies. The stability of its worldwide supply chain is crucial for addressing country risks and unforeseen events. To explore the impact of country risks on the stability of the global nickel supply chain, this study conducts a complex network analysis and panel regression analysis on nickel ore, ferro-nickel, and the stainless-steel trade data from 2000 to 2022. The study reveals the mechanisms by which economic and political risks affect the trade structure of nickel commodities and identifies the drivers of global nickel supply chain patterns. The study finds that an increase in economic risk promotes diversification of supply sources, while political risk hurts export scale and resource control ability. Industrial structure adjustments and R&D investments have a significant impact on trade structure, especially on the stainless-steel trade. China is a major consumer and importer, and occupies a central position in the global nickel trade network, while Indonesia and the Philippines’ policy changes have a significant impact on the market. This study provides an empirical basis for the risk management of the global nickel supply chain and a scientific basis for policy formulation and strategic planning.

Beyond Do No Harm: Introduction to Green Radiology.

In 2021, the Human Rights Council declared that having a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment is a human right. According to the WHO, 24% of deaths are attributable to environmental health risks and are largely preventable. Current predictions show that rising emissions will be linked to an enormous healthcare burden, especially for high-risk populations and historically disadvantaged communities. The US healthcare industry accounts for nearly 18% of its GDP and is a major consumer of resources. The largest healthcare-related source of greenhouse gas emissions is from the supply chain, including pharmaceuticals, other chemicals, food, and the transportation required to mobilize them accounting for 80% of emissions, with only 20% of emissions from purchased energy and the facilities directly. As a field, radiology has historically monitored its impact in terms of radiation exposure and thermal effects but has not focused on other pollutants, greenhouse gas emissions, or waste. Although tackling large issues such as climate change and pollution seems daunting, we can start by raising awareness through education, investigation, and advocacy. In this review, we discuss a systems-based approach to addressing climate change from the federal to the local level focusing on the potential role of the radiologist.

New Technology and Primary Energy Consumption in the Transportation Sector: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Global economic growth is closely tied to energy consumption, with fossil fuels still dominating the global energy mix. The transportation sector, a major energy consumer, significantly impacts global primary energy demand and CO₂ emissions. This paper critically examines the Discourse surrounding technological innovations in transportation and their potential to reduce energy consumption. Using a critical Discourse analysis (CDA) framework, we explore the promotion of technologies such as intelligent automation, self-driving vehicles, and digitalization in transportation. The study highlights a techno-optimistic narrative that often overlooks broader structural challenges, unintended consequences, and the need for systemic changes, including policy innovation and behavior modification. Although technological advancements offer potential efficiency gains, their impact on energy consumption depends on implementation, governance, and socio-economic context. This paper argues for a holistic approach, combining technological innovation with non-technological strategies to achieve sustainability in the transportation sector. Through case studies such as high-speed rail, ride-sharing, and automated vehicles, it examines how policies, user behavior, and structural barriers influence energy use. Findings stress the importance of adaptive governance and inclusive public engagement to foster sustainable, equitable mobility transitions in the evolving transport landscape.

Low-emission hydrogen supply chain for oil refining: Assessment of large-scale production via electrolysis and gasification

The refining industry is a major hydrogen consumer, mainly relying on fossil fuel-derived hydrogen. While recent literature has focused on the production of hydrogen from water electrolysis, (waste) biomass gasification is another effective method for low-emission hydrogen production, and the refining industry is well positioned for its rapid adoption. This study conducts a techno-economic assessment of the whole supply chain of hydrogen for oil refining and analyses the LCA-climate change for residual biomass gasification and water electrolysis pathways. The potential economic and environmental benefits of combining both production methods are also analyzed. A real case study featuring four different scenarios, using data from a refinery, coupled with local data and future projections for potential curtailment and electricity prices, is included. The hourly hydrogen generation and demand profiles of the refinery were analyzed to accurately assess storage requirements. Results indicate that combining both technologies does not result in clear environmental or cost benefits, with residual biomass gasification emerging as the most advantageous configuration for the base case. Sensitivity analysis reveals that hydrogen produced via electrolysis may become more cost-effective if residual biomass prices are high enough. The importance of underground storage (salt cavern) is highlighted due to its low investment, while other storage methods can significantly increase the Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH). This study demonstrates that hydrogen production through gasification can be less carbon-intensive and more cost-competitive than electrolysis. Achieving low LCOH values and greenhouse gas emissions is feasible in all scenarios, indicating that both water electrolysis and residual biomass gasification are economically viable options for contributing to a low-emission global energy system.

Exploiting geospatial shifting flexibility of building energy use for urban multi-energy system operation

As one of the major energy consumers and greenhouse gas emitters, cities are at the center of global energy transition. For city managers, the energy consumption in the building sector is an important flexibility resource that can be utilized to improve the operation of urban multi-energy systems. Although demand response strategies have been widely studied for the temporal shifting of building energy use, the potential of spatial shifting flexibility is still lack of exploration. To this end, this paper proposes a novel approach to estimate and utilize the geospatial load shifting flexibility at the city scale. At the estimation stage, a methods is developed to calculate urban building energy consumption using publicly available databases and simulation tools, and the spatial distribution of supply side (energy infrastructures) and demand side (buildings) is analyzed through geographical information system. In the utilization part, a novel optimal energy flow model is proposed, where the geospatial shifting of load demand among different energy suppliers is achieved by topology reconstruction and equipment switching. To demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method, a real-world case study is conducted. The results show that the proposed approach can effectively exploit the spatial shifting flexibility of load demand, and the operation indicators of urban multi-energy systems such as total operating cost and maximum available capacity have also been improved.

Bacterial aerobic respiration is a major consumer of oxygen in sputum from patients with acute lower respiratory tract infection.

Bacterial aerobic respiration may determine the outcome of antibiotic treatment in experimental settings, but the clinical relevance of bacterial aerobic respiration for the outcome of antibiotic treatment has not been tested. Therefore, we hypothesized that bacterial aerobic respiration is higher in sputum from patients with acute lower respiratory tract infections (aLRTI), than in sputum from patients with chronic LRTI (cLRTI), where the bacteria persist despite antibiotic treatment. The bacterial aerobic respiration was determined according to the dynamics of the oxygen (O2) concentration in sputum from aLRTI patients (n = 52). This result was evaluated by comparison to previously published data from patients with cLRTI. O2 consumption resulting in anoxic zones was more frequent in sputum with detected bacterial pathogens. The bacterial aerobic respiration in aLRTI sputum approximated 55% of the total O2 consumption, which was significantly higher than previously published for cLRTI. The bacterial aerobic respiration in sputum was higher in aLRTI patients than previously seen in cLRTI patients, indicating the presence of bacteria with a sensitive physiology in aLRTI. These variations in bacterial physiology between aLRTI patients and cLRTI patients may contribute the huge difference in treatment success between the two patient groups.

A Comprehensive Systematic Review of CO2 Reduction Technologies in China’s Iron and Steel Industry: Advancing Towards Carbon Neutrality

The iron and steel industry, a major energy consumer, faces significant pressure to reduce CO2 emissions. As the world’s largest steel producer, China must prioritize this sector to meet its carbon neutrality goals. This study provides a comprehensive review of various carbon reduction technologies to drive decarbonization in the steel industry. China’s iron and steel sector, which accounted for approximately 15% of the country’s total CO2 emissions in 2022, predominantly relies on coke and coal combustion. This study provides a comprehensive review of a variety of carbon reduction technologies to advance decarbonization in the iron and steel industry. This study categorizes carbon reduction technologies in the steel sector into low-carbon, zero-carbon, and negative-carbon technologies. Low-carbon technologies, which are the most widely implemented, are further divided into energy structure adjustment, material structure adjustment, energy efficiency improvement technologies, etc. This study specifically reviews dry quenching technology, high-scale pellet technology for blast furnace, and top pressure recovery turbine power generation technology. As a zero-carbon technology, hydrometallurgy is a central focus of this study and a key area of research within China’s iron and steel industry. While negative-carbon technologies are primarily centered around carbon capture, utilization technologies are still in early stages. By presenting the latest advancements, this study offers valuable insights and guidance to facilitate the iron and steel industry’s transition to a low-carbon future, crucial for mitigating global climate change.

Life satisfaction and the variety and intensity of cultural participation in Italy: disentangling the individual and regional dimensions

ABSTRACT This paper proposes a novel approach to explore the relation between cultural participation and subjective well-being, and to dig into the relation between the individual and regional dimensions. Using the Italian Multipurpose survey, we derive major cultural consumer profiles that combine the variety and intensity of engagement through latent class analysis. We then investigate how heterogeneity in cultural profiles at the national and regional levels relates to overall life satisfaction and relevant domains (leisure and friendship relationships). The results indicate a positive relation with diversity in consumption becoming more significant in specific domains. At the same time, we find patterns of regional variation in the relation, which is only partly explained by indicators of cultural supply at the regional level. The findings shed light on the role of habits of cultural consumption in individual well-being and inform the policy debate on culture-led interventions.

Predicting green technology innovation in the construction field from a technology convergence perspective: A two-stage predictive approach based on interpretable machine learning

The construction industry, as a major global energy consumer and carbon emitter, plays a crucial role in achieving global sustainability. A key strategy for the green transformation of this industry—without compromising development—involves fostering green technology innovation. Nevertheless, existing studies exhibit a notable gap in identifying and evaluating potential green technology innovation opportunities within the construction field, leading to a scarcity of decision-making information for governments and innovation entities during the research and development stage. Recognizing this, our study proposes a two-stage technology opportunity prediction approach based on interpretable machine learning from the perspective of technology convergence. Diverging from previous methods, it not only predicts the probability of technology opportunity occurrence but also forecasts the technical impact of convergence opportunities. By analysing 600,442 patent documents in the green and construction fields, we identify 305 high-potential technology convergence opportunities. Our results reveal that technologies such as carbon capture and storage, pollution alarms, solar energy, forestry techniques, wind energy, energy-saving methods, and waste materials for water treatment have significant potential for convergence with construction technologies. Additionally, we analyse the influencing factors behind these convergence innovations, finding that technical similarity and proximity play crucial roles. These findings provide robust decision support for governments and industry stakeholders in formulating scientifically grounded green technology innovation strategies, thereby accelerating the green transformation of the construction industry and contributing to the goal of sustainable development.

The online video ecology for preschoolers in India: investigating the creative industry practices

With over 690 million internet users, India ranks second globally in terms of internet user, trailing only China. This surge in internet penetration is fueling online content consumption among preschoolers in the country. As per Statista’s January 2024 data, India has the largest share of YouTube worldwide viewership, with 462 million users, which is nearly double of the 239 million users in the United States. Notably, six out of the 10 most-viewed videos on YouTube globally, cater to the preschoolers. Topping the list for 2024 is “Baby Shark Dance” by Pinkfong Kids’ Songs & Stories with a massive 13.93 billion views on YouTube, and its channel boasting 80.4 M subscribers. The other similar-category videos in the top-ten list include: “Johny Johny Yes Papa” by LooLoo Kids, “Bath Song” and “Wheels on the Bus” by Cocomelon – Nursery Rhymes, “Phonics Song with Two Words” by ChuChu TV, and “Learning Colors – Colorful Eggs on a Farm” by Miroshka TV. These statistics underscore the extensive online consumption of content specifically designed for young children, while also highlighting India’s significant role as a major consumer hub for such content. It is in this context that this paper examines the creative industry practices behind production of such content consumed largely on mobile or TV screens by preschoolers in India. This study engages with select content creators from India who have been developing content on YouTube for preschoolers. Adopting a theoretical framework that synthesizes the political economy perspective with the critical media industry studies (CMIS) framework proposed by Havens et al., the paper critically interrogates the children’s content industry within the context of the economic and cultural forces that shape it. The production of content cultures serves as a starting point for exploring the digital content ecology for preschool children in India. It also explores how these children’s contents are shaped in India and also, how the quotidian practices surrounding this content have shaped the industry practices in the Indian context. Given the significant economic potential of this industry, which shapes the media discourse significantly, this paper seeks to gain a deeper understanding of the business culture within the media industry; and also of the creative industry practices of digital content creators and the online video ecology for preschoolers, in India. With a constructivist epistemic foundation, the study investigates industry practices around this content by reviewing secondary data and intensive interviews with content creators, and producers.

Heat Exchanger Improvement of a Counter-Flow Dew Point Evaporative Cooler Through COMSOL Simulations

Due to modern comfort demands and global warming, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are widely used in many homes and buildings. However, HVAC based on the Vapor Compression System (VCS) is a major energy consumer, accounting for 20–50% of a building’s energy consumption and responsible for 29% of the world’s CO2 emissions. Dew-point evaporative coolers offer a sustainable alternative yet face challenges, e.g., dew point and wet bulb effectiveness. Given the above, dew point evaporative cooling systems may find a place to dethrone conventional air conditioning systems. This research aims to design a dew point evaporative cooler system with better performance in terms of dew point and wet bulb effectiveness. In terms of methodology, a heat exchanger as part of a counter-flow dew point cooling system was designed and analyzed using COMSOL simulations under different representative climatic, geometric, and dimensional conditions, taking into account turbulent flow. Next, our model was compared with other cooling systems. The results show that our model performs similarly to other cooling systems, with an error of around 6.89% in the output temperature at low relative humidity (0–21%). In comparison, our system is more sensitive to humidity in the climate, whereas heat pumps can operate in high humidity. The average dew point and wet bulb effectiveness were also higher than reported in the literature, at 91.38% and 147.84%, respectively. In addition, there are some potential limitations of the simulations in terms of the assumptions made about atmospheric conditions. For this reason, the results cannot be generalized but must be considered as a starting point for future research and technology development projects.

Estimation of Monthly Irrigation Water Requirement of Crops Using CROPWAT

Water is increasingly becoming a limited resource due to rising demands for various uses, including hydropower generation, irrigation, and domestic supply. As the population grows, the need for water across different sectors constantly increases. However, the availability of water resources is restricted both spatially and temporally. Therefore, there is an urgent need for systematic and scientific planning to ensure its optimal use. Agriculture sector being the major consumer of water resources, the adoption of modern irrigation techniques can significantly reduce water consumption and promote water conservation. This advancement will expand the irrigated areas and ultimately lead to increased agricultural productivity. Irrigation water requirements of major crops, namely, Paddy, maize, sugarcane etc. are determined using the CROPWAT model. The present study aimed to find out the irrigation water requirement for the major crops grown in Krishna Central Delta, Andhra Pradesh. Results revealed that irrigation water requirement for kharif season ranges from 89-475 mm and in rabi season varies from 320-821 mm. For sugarcane irrigation water requirement was found to be 927 mm.

Microplastic contamination in the aquaculture icon Oreochromis mossambicus: Prevalence, characteristics, and comprehensive overview

The global production of plastics has surged to 368 million tonnes annually, leading to significant plastic waste accumulation, projected to reach 12,000 Mt by 2050, impacting aquatic ecosystems. Fish, crucial for their protein and nutrients, are particularly vulnerable to microplastic (MP) ingestion. As a major aquaculture producer and fish consumer, India faces rising plastic pollution in freshwater, which disrupts fish health and growth, posing a significant threat to the sustainability and productivity of aquaculture systems and potential health risks. This study focuses on Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), valued for its widespread aquaculture use, rapid growth, and nutritional benefits. Our research reveals significant MP contamination (69.23 %) in Mozambique tilapia, with over 80 % from the Ulhas River and 60 % from the Bhima River contaminated and females showing higher susceptibility. These findings emphasise the need for further research on MP impacts on human health and the development of mitigation strategies.

A critical Review on Advanced Membrane Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment: Fouling Reduction and Energy Demand

Objectives:Rapid industrialization has highlighted the importance of addressing environmental issues and the increasing demand for water supply. As a result, innovative solutions to improve water circulation management in both public and industrial sectors have been proposed, one of which is the introduction of Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) technology. This study aims to understand the mechanisms and characteristics of membrane fouling in MBR processes and compare the associated energy consumption, with the goal of improving process efficiency and energy performance.Methods:In this study, various factors influencing the MBR process were considered to analyze the mechanisms and characteristics of membrane fouling. The impact of fouling on the process was assessed, and energy consumption was compared. Specifically, the power consumption of flat-sheet and hollow-fiber MBRs was analyzed, focusing on the proportion of energy used for microbial treatment and membrane cleaning. The Specific Energy Demand (SED) was calculated to evaluate the energy consumption efficiency of different fouling control methods in MBRs.Results and Discussion:In typical MBR processes, 68.0% (flat-sheet) and 53.0% (hollow-fiber) of the power consumption is attributed to air scouring for microbial treatment and membrane cleaning. Notably, 57.0% (flat-sheet) and 36.0% (hollow-fiber) of the power is consumed to supply air for detaching adhered foulants to maintain filtration performance. These results indicate that aeration is a major energy consumer in MBR processes. SED is a critical indicator for assessing the energy consumption of specific fouling control methods, with typical MBR processes having an SED of 0.2-0.3kWh/m3. In contrast, using a non-aerated membrane module with reciprocating inertial force for fouling control reduces SED to 0.005-0.01 kWh/m3, representing a 20-60 fold decrease in energy consumption, highlighting the need for energy reduction.Conclusion:This study provides insights into fouling reduction characteristics in MBR processes, suggesting a new paradigm for enhancing the economic feasibility of MBR technology. Applying non-aerated membrane modules to reduce energy consumption can significantly improve MBR efficiency, contributing to energy reduction and environmentally friendly technology development. Therefore, strategies to maximize energy efficiency and minimize environmental impact in MBR processes are essential.

A production-inventory model to optimize the operation of distributed energy resource networks in a rolling horizon

The recent advancements in energy production, storage, and distribution are creating unprecedented opportunities in the field. Major consumers can benefit from the implementation of distributed energy resource networks capable of generating electricity or heating from sources, often renewable ones, in close proximity to the point of use, rather than relying on centralized generation sources from power plants. In this paper, we introduce a pioneering model designed to determine the optimal set of energy commands in a distributed energy resource network, minimizing operational costs in a time horizon. Indeed, we propose an innovative mixed-integer linear programming formulation rooted in the production-inventory models commonly employed in aggregate production planning. The system integrates diverse energy generation sources, storage facilities, and demand points, encompassing both electric and heating commodities. The optimum of the model is achieved for all analyzed instances of the test library (2 scenarios-20 instances) in an exceptionally short time, outperforming other approaches previously presented in the literature. We employed the Gurobi optimizer to solve the model, obtaining rapid responses that ensure real-time decision-making and facilitate effective control of the distributed energy resource network within a three-days' rolling horizon, as discussed in a simulated real-life application case study. Indeed, the proposed model solves in less than 1s, enabling near-instantaneous decision-making. This swift solution time surpasses any known references in the field, effectively shifting the bottleneck in DER network operation from the decision-making process to the forecasting of demand and weather conditions. While forecasting typically requires a minimum of 15min, our approach suggests that a reduction in this forecasting time could further enhance the control system's response time, given the model's ability to deliver optimal solutions almost immediately. The real-time availability of optimal solutions allows for the seamless incorporation of stochastic elements into the control loop via a rolling horizon process.

OPTIMIZING HVAC EFFICIENCY AND RELIABILITY: A REVIEW OF MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

This study presents a comprehensive review of strategies to optimize HVAC systems in commercial and industrial buildings, focusing on enhancing energy efficiency, system reliability, and environmental sustainability. HVAC systems are major energy consumers, contributing significantly to operational costs in large buildings. With increasing energy costs, regulatory pressures, and the push for sustainability, technological advancements and management strategies have emerged to improve HVAC performance. Following PRISMA guidelines, this review analyzed 58 high-quality peer-reviewed studies published between 2010 and 2023. Key findings show that energy management systems (EMS) can reduce energy consumption by up to 30%, while Building Management Systems (BMS) enhance system reliability through centralized control and predictive maintenance. The adoption of eco-friendly refrigerants and energy-efficient designs, such as heat recovery and variable refrigerant flow (VRF) technologies, further lowers energy usage and environmental impact. Additionally, integrating renewable energy sources like solar and geothermal into HVAC systems can reduce energy consumption by as much as 40%. Green building certifications, such as LEED and BREEAM, drive the adoption of optimized HVAC technologies, delivering both environmental and financial benefits. This review underscores the crucial role of HVAC optimization in reducing energy consumption, lowering carbon footprints, and improving the operational performance of buildings, offering valuable insights for building managers, engineers, and policymakers.

How Food Consumption Trends Change the Direction of Sheep Breeding in China.

This paper discusses how food consumption trends have influenced the direction of sheep and goat breeding, particularly concerning the shift in sheep and goat farming and the development of the Hu sheep industry in China. Historically, sheep have been bred primarily for wool production, but with the increased demand for meat, the breeding direction has begun to shift toward meat use. As a major producer and consumer of mutton and goat meat, there is room for development of the meat sheep industry in China. In this paper, we review the development of China's sheep breeding industry before and after the reform and the change in breeding objectives through examples, summarize the factors causing breeding changes in China's sheep breeding industry, introduce the breeding achievements of the Hu sheep after its shift to meat use, analyze the reasons as to why this breed was selected by a vast number of farmers, and reveal the current decisive traits in the development of the meat sheep industry. This article also shows the improvement in Chinese people's consumption abilities and the change from sheep breeding to consumption, providing China's development experience as an example for today's regions lagging in the global livestock industry. Breeding to respond positively to changes in the economy can better cater to the consumer food market.

Modelling the properties of aerated concrete on the basis of raw materials and ash-and-slag wastes using machine learning paradigm

The thermal power industry, as a major consumer of hard coal, significantly contributes to harmful emissions, affecting both air quality and soil health during the operation and transportation of ash and slag waste. This study presents the modeling of aerated concrete using local raw materials and ash-and-slag waste in seismic areas through machine learning techniques. A comprehensive literature review and comparative analysis of normative documentation underscore the relevance and feasibility of employing non-autoclaved aerated concrete blocks in such regions. Machine learning methods are particularly effective for disjointed datasets, with neural networks demonstrating superior performance in modeling complex relationships for predicting concrete strength and density. The results reveal that neural networks, especially those with Bayesian Regularisation, consistently outperformed decision trees, achieving higher regression values (Rstrength = 0.9587 and Rdensity = 0.91997) and lower error metrics (MSE, RMSE, RIE, MAE). This indicates their advanced capability to capture intricate non-linear patterns. The study concludes that artificial neural networks are a robust tool for predicting concrete properties, crucial for producing non-autoclaved curing wall blocks suitable for earthquake-resistant construction. Future research should focus on optimizing the balance between density and strength of blocks by enhancing the properties of aerated concrete and utilizing reliable models.

Aligning Advances in Biodiesel Technology with the Needs of the Defense Community

The global transportation sector is transitioning towards renewable energy to combat climate change, with biodiesel playing a critical role. Significant research over the past decades has focused on enhancing biodiesel through novel feedstocks and production methods. The defense community, a major diesel consumer, is particularly interested in biodiesel to support national sustainability goals while also leveraging the benefits of the new technology, including the ability to produce biodiesel locally at the point of need. This paper sets out to review recent advances in biodiesel technology and aligning them with the needs of the defense communities. By doing so, this paper provides insight into the challenges, benefits, and technical feasibility for the two primary consumers of military diesel fuel—naval ships and ground vehicles. For naval applications, algae-based biodiesel shows promise due to its potential for local production near ports. Advances in genetic engineering and cultivation are crucial for increasing lipid content and reducing costs. Innovative methods such as microwave-assisted transesterification and artificial neural networks for optimization could further enhance economic viability. In military ground vehicles, locally produced biodiesel could sustain operations by minimizing supply chain dependencies. Efforts are ongoing to develop mobile production facilities and improve feedstock diversity and methanol-independent transesterification processes. Overall, advancements in biodiesel production from various feedstocks and innovative techniques are poised to significantly benefit the military sector, promoting sustainability and operational efficiency.