Major Change In Direction Research Articles

Evolutionary Development of Command and Control Systems: The Fort Lewis Experience

The philosophy of evolutionary development has been applied in the development of a command and control system for the Ninth Infantry Division (Motorized) at Ft. Lewis, WA. The methodology, product, and lessons learned are described. In particular, the history of the development is reviewed to examine the major changes in direction that occurred as a result of hands-on use and evaluation by an operational unit. Major program changes were directed and implemented within cycles less than six months long. In this instance a successful result was achieved through innovative and flexible management by both the customer and contractors.

The Impact of Neighborhoods and Neighborhood Organizations on Community Development Block Grants

The Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 marked a major change of direction for federal urban policies in America. The primary object of the Community Development Block Grant Program was the development of viable urban communities by providing decent housing and a suitable living environment and expanding economic opportunities, principally for persons of low and moderate income. This study examined ten cities over a three-year period from 1979 to 1982, to determine the impact of CDBG. The findings suggest that greater involvement of neighborhood groups increases CDBG impacts.

Daughter 3T3 cells. Are they mirror images of each other?

Using a new technique to visualize the tracks of moving 3T3 cells and combining it with the visualization of actin-containing microfilament bundles by indirect immunofluorescence (Lazarides, E. and K. Weber. 1974, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 71:2268-2272), I present experiments which suggest that: (a) 30-40% of the pairs of daughter 3T3 mouse fibroblasts in noncloned cultures have mirror symmetrical actin-bundle patterns. (b) The angle between separating daughter cells is approx. 90 degrees or 180 degrees and seems related to the directions of certain actin-containing bundles. (c) Approximately 40% of separately moving daughter cells which did not collide with any other cell in the culture performed directional changes in a mirror symmetrical way. Both daughter cells entered the next mitosis at approximately the same time. I suggest that the actin-bundle pattern, the angle of separation, major directional changes during interphase, and the time of the next mitosis are predetermined by the parental cell.

Review of marine geochemistry

In the period from January 1971 to December 1974, marine geochemical studies have progressed and expanded without major changes in direction from the previous half decade. One of the most significant aspects of this period is the establishment of some large cooperative international programs developed for the International Decade of Ocean Exploration.The end of 1974 has seen the completion of much of the fieldwork of programs such as Geosecs (Geochemical Ocean Section Study), CUEA (Coastal Upwelling EcoSystems Analysis), and Climap (Climate/Long Range Investigation Mapping and Predictions). The accelerated rate of acquisition of data on many oceanic parameters, a direct result of these programs, has yet to have its full influence on the science, but it is already clear that a number of our concepts of factors controlling the distribution of various chemical species in the ocean are in need of revision.

On the Intensification of Hurricane Celia (1970)

Low and high cloud motions derived from ATS-III satellite pictures, wind data from surface ships, vertical temperature profiles through the upper layer of the ocean, and sea-surface temperatures were used to examine intensity variations of Hurricane Celia. Fields of radial and tangential wind components, absolute angular momentum flux, and absolute vorticity were computed from analyzed streamlines and isotachs. Radial and tangential velocities and absolute angular momentum flux were averaged around circles of several radii from the storm center. Average values of relative vorticity and divergence within these circular areas were also computed. High-cloud motion computations were successful in identifying the intensification process in the outflow layer. The low-cloud motions, unfortunately, were not representative of the storm inflow layer. An investigation of dynamic instability at the outflow level was made. The results did not indicate strongly that dynamic instability contributed to the intensification of the storm. Final deepening followed a major change in direction of the surface inflow over warm shelf waters of shallow depths.

After ten years: a follow-up study of comprehensive vocationally oriented psychotherapy.

The third in a series of follow-up studies of adolescent delinquent boys successfully treated in a community-based program that combined job placement, remedial education, and psychotherapy shows significantly better overall adjustment in the treated group when compared with untreated controls. The lack of any major change in direction over a decade seems to confirm the significance for later development of identity formation during adolescence, and the need for priority to be given to innovative means of reaching adolescents during the crises that arise in that developmental period.

Robert Lowell: Payment Gat He Nane

place to begin is with the Aeneid. Not because Lowell started reading the classics after his second year at Harvard, or because his poems are full of classi cal allusions and imitations of Vergil, although these facts are part of the pic ture. reason for my starting there is that Vergil, in creating Aeneas, is so remarkably close to Lowell's own position both as man in history and as artist. Much of the Vergilian melancholy is due to his feeling of the movement of Roman history: the loss of the past and the stature of the early Romans, the growing complexity and importance of the state and the law, limiting the scope of individual action and importance. Aeneid itself is almost an example, a commissioned panegyric which manages, because of Vergil's greatness, not to be only that. One could elaborate more, but the point should be clear to a reader of Lowell who has experienced his nostalgia for the old order?the period of this country's greatness, and his own family's. was in the same kind of transi tional state that Lowell is in, with the melancholy feeling that history is over, that we are marking time waiting for some new development which may or may not be desirable?the end of everything, or a totally new beginning. This spirit was common in England in the nineteenth century, while America was still po tentially a new world. It has hit America even harder in the twentieth century, because we are so close to our own heroic past, so aware of the nature of the change without being able to understand it. In the twenties Hart Crane set out to become the Vergil of the new world, only to learn that the world was no longer new and to become, ironically, even more Vergilian in the process of dis covery. In many ways, Lowell begins Life Studies (1959) at a point Crane reached only in The Tunnel section of Bridge: the explicit recognition that an older mode of vision produced only illusion or madness. But even before Life Studies, with its major change in direction, he had struck the note of experi ence as a diminished thing?first, as a spiritual phenomenon, where the failure or

Musicians seamount province and related crustal structures north of the Hawaiian ridge

The Musicians seamounts comprise a major volcanic province that extends northwesterly from just north of the Hawaiian ridge, across the Murray fracture zone, to the Pioneer fracture zone at 35°N. Approximately 60,000 km 3 of material has been extruded onto the deep ocean floor in this region. Most of this volcanism has been localized along distinct linear trends or was associated with a large uplifted block of crust. These features appear to reflect zones of crustal weakness that were produced during a major change in direction of sea-floor spreading; volcanism apparently did not commence until sometime after the crust was generated. Seventeen prominent seamounts lie along a 1,200-km northwest-trending line which marks the western limit of the Musicians province and coincides with a line along which the large east-west fracture zones in the northeast Pacific all undergo a change in trend. Immediately south of the Murray fracture zone five linear structures in the form of narrow ridges of coalescing seamounts extend for about 300 km eastward from the above mentioned line of seamounts. These structures apparently reflect a system of en echelon fractures that were generated immediately following the change in spreading direction. A large uplifted block of crust situated halfway between the Murray and Pioneer fracture zones also appears to be related to crustal complications following the change in spreading direction. This horst-like structure offsets a prominent linear magnetic anomaly that may reflect an early Cretaceous reversal in the earth's magnetic field, suggesting that an intermittent transform fault may have offset the spreading axis as it was reorienting.