Major Age Groups Research Articles

Provenance change from the Middle to Late Triassic of the southwestern Sichuan basin, Southwest China: Constraints from the sedimentary record and its tectonic significance

The formation of the Sanjiang and Qinling orogens caused by closure of Paleo-Tethys Ocean along the western and northern margins of the Yangtze block during the early Mesozoic created a unique basin-mountain system. Petrology, geochemistry, geochronology, sedimentary facies and paleocurrent data are integrated in order to investigate the changing provenance of Middle-Late Triassic successions from the southwestern Sichuan region, SW China. The detrital compositions from the Middle Triassic successions indicate low mature sediments of mafic and intermediate rocks origin, which derivation mainly from recycled orogenic and secondarily from the Emeishan Large Igneous Province (ELIP). The detrital zircon U-Pb age distribution pattern of the Middle Triassic sandstone samples exhibits four major age Groups at ~257Ma, 650–500Ma, 880–710Ma, and 1000–900Ma. Combined with the geochemical characteristics, an interior Yangtze block source including the Khamdian uplift and ELIP is suggested. The Late Triassic sedimentary rocks yield seven U-Pb age Groups at 245–210Ma, 290–260Ma, 460–410Ma, 650Ma, 880–710Ma, 1900–1600Ma, and 2600–2400Ma, which are consistent with the data reported from the Sichuan basin, Songpan Ganzi basin and the southern Yidun terrane, and are partly similar to those of the south Qinling orogen, Jiangnan Xuefeng thrust belt. In contrast to the Middle Triassic successions, the sandstone composition modals and whole-rock geochemistry of the Late Triassic samples denote mature deposits and of intermediate and acid rocks origin. Therefore, during the Late Triassic, the southwestern Sichuan basin received materials from the Songpan Ganzi folded belt and Yidun arc complex dominantly, and from the Qinling orogen and Jiangnan Xuefeng thrust belt subsidiarily. The Sanjiang orogen and the Songpan Ganzi folded belt should have controlled the formation of the southwestern Sichuan basin, while the development of the Qinling orogen and the western Jiangnan-Xuefeng orogen may also influenced the formation of the southwestern Sichuan basin. The southwestern Sichuan region evolved from the passive continental margin basin in the Middle Triassic into a foreland basin in the Norian age of the Late Triassic.

The tectonic evolution of the Bogda region from Late Carboniferous to Triassic time: evidence from detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology and sandstone petrography

AbstractField-based mapping, sandstone petrology, palaeocurrent measurements and zircon cathodoluminescence images, as well as detrital zircon U–Pb geochronology were integrated to investigate the provenance of the Upper Carboniferous – Upper Triassic sedimentary rocks from the northern Bogda Mountains, and further to constrain their tectonic evolution. Variations in sandstone composition suggest that the Upper Carboniferous – Lower Triassic sediments displayed less sedimentary recycling than the Middle–Upper Triassic sediments. U–Pb isotopic dating using the LA-ICP-MS method on zircons from 12 sandstones exhibited similar zircon U–Pb age distribution patterns with major age groups at 360–320 Ma and 320–300 Ma, and with some grains giving ages of > 541 Ma, 541–360 Ma, 300–250 Ma and 250–200 Ma. Coupled with the compiled palaeocurrent data, the predominant sources were the Late Carboniferous volcanic rocks of the North Tianshan and Palaeozoic magmatic rocks of the Yili–Central Tianshan. There was also input from the Bogda Mountains in Middle–Late Triassic time. The comprehensive geological evidence indicates that the Upper Carboniferous – Lower Permian strata were probably deposited in an extensional context which was related to a rift or post-collision rather than arc-related setting. Conspicuously, the large range of U–Pb ages of the detrital zircons, increased sedimentary lithic fragments, fluvial deposits and contemporaneous Triassic zircon ages argue for a Middle–Late Triassic orogenic movement, which was considered to be the initial uplift of the Bogda Mountains.

The Promise by , The True Blue Scouts of Sugar Man Swamp by Washashore by

 2017 Children, Youth and Environments Children, Youth and Environments 27(3), 2017 Book Reviews The Promise Nicola Davies, illustrated by Laura Carlin (2014) Somerville: Candlewick Press, 32 pages $16.99 (hardcover); ISBN: 978-0763666330 The True Blue Scouts of Sugar Man Swamp Kathi Appelt (2013) New York: Atheneum, 352 pages $8.99 (paperback); ISBN: 978-1442421080 Washashore Suzanne Goldsmith (2013) Lucky Marble Books, 282 pages $3.99 (eBook); ISBN: 294-0148371076 Environmental fiction is available to children of all ages and in various formats. Educators would do well to remember that a “story can be remembered when instruction is forgotten,” so fiction can be a useful tool when teaching any subject— not just language arts (Bigger, 2010, p. 411). When fiction is not used, the facts students cram for tests will likely just as easily be crammed out when the test is over because they have made no real connection with the knowledge they have gained. Providing students with realistic fiction, with its lifelike settings, characters, and situations [allows students to] easily relate to the books.… The books can promote empathy and allow readers to see a world beyond their own. [These books] not only convey information to readers, but also encourage children to develop responsibility toward living things (Fleming, 2005, p. 37). The added advantage to using fiction in a learning environment is that children will receive information from different angles, including facts as well as the characters’ dilemmas, enabling the students to “learn information from multiple sources written at a variety of reading levels and in a variety of formats” (Fleming, 2005, p. 36). For educators who want to move in this direction, there are numerous books from which to choose, about many topics. A review of one book for each of the major age groups follows. The first book, a picture book example for children ages 5 to 7, shows how a child transforms a gray, unfriendly city into a joyful place by planting seeds and growing things. The second book, for readers ages 8 to 12, focuses on the preservation of wild land and Book Reviews 139 protection for native species. The last book, for teenaged readers, is concerned with human destruction of environments, specifically through physical and chemical pollution. Picture Books Nicola Davies’ The Promise, illustrated by Laura Carlin, is a picture book that uses both language and color to convey its message to young readers. The city where the story takes place, the narrator, and the environment are linked together—none of them can be fruitful without the others. Davies binds the characters to the world around them simply and beautifully: “Nothing grew. Everything was broken. No one ever smiled” (Davies, 2014, p. 5). As the story continues, the narrator begins to plant acorns around the city. Although she had stolen the seeds, she realized that she “held a forest in [her] arms, and [her] heart was changed” (Davies, 2014, p. 13). With beautiful language—“I pushed aside the mean and hard and ugly, and I planted, planted, planted”—Davies shows that in order to make other things beautiful, the narrator must get rid of the ugly in herself (Davies, 2014, p. 21). When the story turns from ugly and barren to joyful, the illustrations change from the drab grays, browns, and blues that depicted the city into a kaleidoscope of colors. The narrator observes this, noticing poetically that “green spread through the city like a song, breathing to the sky, drawing down the rain like a blessing” (Davies, 2014, p. 29). The Promise is an excellent book that could be used to introduce children to the magic of trees and the satisfaction of planting them yourself, as well as the power nature has to change hearts and minds so that a hard, mean city can become a place of kindness. Because the illustrations effectively support the point of the text, this book enables even very young children to make the connection between trees and goodness. Middle Grade For middle-grade readers, including children aged 8 to 12, the 2013 National Book Award Finalist The True Blue Scouts of Sugar Man Swamp by Kathi Appelt is a wonderful example of a book that is...

What generated the Late Permian to Triassic unconformities in the southern Junggar Basin and western Turpan Basin; tectonic uplift, or increasing aridity?

The Upper Permian to Triassic sedimentary successions of the southern Junggar Basin and western Turpan Basin are characterized by widespread unconformities. However, the origin of these unconformities remains highly controversial. Three sections, namely the Jimsar section in the southern Junggar Basin and the Aiweiergou and Yuergou sections in the western Turpan Basin, have been systematically studied using detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology, heavy mineral assemblages, and whole-rock geochemical analyses. Detrital zircon ages show that both Upper Permian and Triassic samples from each section have similar age distributions, with a major age group at 250–380Ma, a subordinate age group at 380–540Ma, and sporadic Precambrian ages, suggesting that the main provenance areas were the North Tian Shan and the northern margin of the Yili-Central Tian Shan, with a secondary source area in the Yili-Central Tian Shan. REE distributions and trace element crossplots also indicate that Upper Permian and Triassic samples display similar characteristics in both basins; all were sourced from felsic or mixed mafic/felsic rocks, with only a minor component of ancient or recycled sediments. Detrital provenance and geochemical analyses agree in showing no significant changes in the source-to-sink sediment transport system from the Late Permian to the Triassic. However, field observations, heavy minerals analysis, and geochemistry do suggest that both the southern Junggar Basin and western Turpan Basin experienced an arid climate during this interval. Both Upper Permian and Triassic sediments in the two basins contain abundant hematite, display low CIA values and Th/U ratios, and have mudcracks, redbeds, and other indicators of arid climate. Therefore, we suggest that the regional unconformities in the two basins were not generated by regional tectonic uplift, but most likely resulted from an increasingly arid climate.

Endometrial patterns in abnormal uterine bleeding

Background: Abnormal utrerine bleeding is the direct cause of significant health burden for women. Examination of endometrial biopsy is a challenge to pathologists , due to wide range of morphologic patterns. Aims and objectives: The present study was undertaken in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding and to correlate it with the clinical condition. Method: Atotal of 212 cases were included either by endometrial curettage or hysterectomy. Results: Major age group was 40-49 years. Menorrhagia was the commonest bleeding pattern. DUB was the largest group as regards the clinical diagnosis. Overall proliferative endometrium was the commonest histopathologiacal picture also it was the commonest picture of patients presenting with different bleeding patterns except of postmenopausal bleeding where atrophic endometrium was the commonest histological picture. Consistancy rate between curettage and hysterectomy was 56.25%. Conclusion: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common debilitataing in women. Correct and timely diagnosis is necessary and specially to rule out cases of hyperplasia and carcinomatous focus for proper and timely management of patients.

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There are different ways to calculate demographic potential. In our opinion, in the first approximation it must consider the characteristics of population structure and its movement. We offer to define the demographic potential as the product of a decimal logarithm of the population structure (applying weights for major age groups) and half the sum of ratios from birth and death rates and all directions migration.

Incidence of Carotid tears in cases of deaths due to hanging-a prospective study conducted in Govt. Stanley Medical College, Chennai

The present study was carried out between 2012 and 2015. A total of 5068 autopsies were conducted of which 15.7% (n-764) cases were deaths due to hanging. The commonest ligature materials of choice were Sari. In 68% of the cases, hanging was complete. Females (n-343) and males (n-421) were equally affected. The major age group involved in both the sexes was of 31–40 years, contributing to 60.7% of the self-suspension. Majority of the ligatures had a fixed type of knot contributing to 97.73% (n-658) of the suspensions and only 2.27% (n-106) showed slip knot. Based on position of knot all cases were divided into four categories according to the position of the knot on the neck (I-IV) and further based on position of the body they are further classified into complete and partial hanging (A & B) Of the 764 cases of hanging, transverse laceration in the intimal layer was seen in 412 cases in which most of them were identified by histological examination rather than naked eye examination, Amongst complete hanging (IA, IIIA, IVA) shows more incidence of carotid tear than posterior partial hanging (II B).

Late Paleozoic final closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean in the eastern part of the Xing-Meng Orogenic Belt: Constrains from Carboniferous–Permian (meta-) sedimentary strata and (meta-) igneous rocks

Zircon U–Pb dating and whole-rock geochemical data for Carboniferous–Permian (meta-) sedimentary sequences, igneous rocks, and Precambrian amphibolite in the eastern Xing-Meng Orogenic Belt (XMOB) were used to constrain the final stage evolution and the position of closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO). Detrital zircons from Late Paleozoic strata range in age from Archean to Late Paleozoic, with major age groups at ~1.0–0.7Ga and ~0.5–0.25Ga in the northern part and at ~2.7–2.5Ga, ~2.1–1.8Ga, and ~0.5–0.25Ga in the southern part of the XMOB. Striking changes in zircon age distribution patterns indicate inputs to these strata were separated by the Paleo-Asian Ocean (PAO) in the Late Paleozoic. The PAO closed along the Solonker–Linxi suture. The Late Paleozoic formation ages (~346Ma, ~303Ma, and ~269Ma) of the igneous rocks with arc-like geochemical features south to the PAO, together with previously published data on the regional igneous rocks and ophiolites, indicate double-side subduction of the PAO in the Late Paleozoic.

Age-specific cancer survival in Estonia: recent trends and data quality.

BackgroundA number of population-based studies have demonstrated lower cancer survival in elderly patients than among middle-aged or younger patients. Also, data quality in cancer registries has been shown to be associated with age. The objective of this study was to examine the recent age-specific cancer survival trends and age-specific quality of cancer data in Estonia.MethodsUsing Estonian Cancer Registry data, we calculated relative survival ratios (RSRs) for eight common cancers in Estonia in 1995–1999 (cohort method) and 2005–2009 (period method) for four major age groups (15–54, 55–64, 65–74, and 75–84 years at diagnosis). The main data quality indicators were calculated, and the age-specific effect of missing death certificate initiated (DCI) cases on survival was estimated comparing 5-year RSRs computed from the complete data set with those from data set without DCI cases.ResultsWe observed overall rise in 5-year RSR for all eight cancers over the study period, with a considerable variation by age, with the lowest survival among the oldest patients. The widest age gradient in 5-year RSR was seen for bladder cancer (20% units in 2005–2009), followed by cancers of lung (16% units), kidney (15% units), breast and prostate (13% units), stomach and rectum (11% units), and colon (5% units). All data quality indicators, including proportion of cases with unknown stage showed a similar age-related pattern with the lowest quality in the oldest age group. The effect of missing DCI cases on survival estimates increased by age and was around 3% units for prostate and kidney cancers among the oldest patients.ConclusionYoung or middle-aged patients in Estonia experienced larger survival gain since the late 1990s than elderly patients. Decreasing quality of cancer registry data along with increasing patient age suggests less thorough clinical investigations in older age groups.

Late Paleozoic to Early Mesozoic provenance record of Paleo‐Pacific subduction beneath South China

AbstractNortheast trending Yong'an Basin, southeast South China Craton, preserves a Permian‐Jurassic, marine to continental, siliciclastic‐dominated, retroarc foreland basin succession. Modal and detrital zircon data, along with published paleocurrent data, sedimentary facies, and euhedral to subhedral detrital zircon shapes, indicate derivation from multicomponent, nearby sources with input from both the interior of the craton to the northwest and from an inferred arc accretionary complex to the southeast. The detrital zircon U‐Pb age spectra range in age from Archean to early Mesozoic, with major age groups at 2000–1700 Ma, 1200–900 Ma, 400–340 Ma, and 300–240 Ma. In addition, Early Jurassic strata include zircon detritus with ages of 200–170 Ma. Regional geological relations suggest that Precambrian and Early Paleozoic detritus was derived from the inland Wuyi Mountain region and Yunkai Massif of the South China Craton. Sources for Middle Paleozoic to early Mesozoic detrital zircons include input from beyond the currently exposed China mainland. Paleogeographic reconstruction in East Asia suggests derivation from an active convergent plate margin along the southeastern rim of the craton that incorporated part of Southwest Japan and is related to the subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Ocean. Integration of the geologic and provenance records of the Yong'an Basin with the time equivalent Yongjiang and Shiwandashan basins that lie to the southwest and south, respectively, provides an integrated record of the subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Ocean along the southeast margin of the South China Craton and termination of subduction of the Paleo‐Tethys beneath its southwest margin in Permo‐Triassic.

Detrital zircon record of Paleozoic and Mesozoic meta-sedimentary strata in the eastern part of the Baoshan block: Implications of their provenance and the tectonic evolution of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau

The Baoshan block is one of the important members in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Cambrian to Jurassic (meta-) sedimentary strata and their metamorphic counterparts were well preserved in the eastern part of the Baoshan block. Zircon U–Pb dating, trace elements, and Hf isotope data for both the Cambrian to Jurassic (meta-) sedimentary sequences and the Lincang granite were used to deduce the provenance of sediments and crustal affinity with eastern Gondwanaland. The Lincang granite outcropped in the Fengqing area is typical S-type, with crystallization age of ~230Ma and narrow range of zircon εHf(t) values from −15.5 to −10. Detrital zircons from Paleozoic strata range in age from Archean to early Paleozoic, with age peaks at ~2.5, ~0.95, and ~0.6Ga. Triassic age peak (~230Ma) was also detected in the Jurassic strata. Detrital zircon εHf(t) values exhibit a wide range from negative to positive for each of the four major age groups, showing the host magma of zircons from these groups have diverse sources. The Baoshan block should be along the Indian margin as the Qiangtang, Tengchong and Simao–Indochina blocks in Early Paleozoic based on the provenance analyses. Sediment inputs eroded from both the Lincang granite and the coeval igneous rocks in the Baoshan and Gongshan blocks were the dominant contributions to the Jurassic strata after the amalgation of the Baoshan and Simao–Indochina blocks. Tectonic processes linking dispersion of the Baoshan–Sibumasu terrane from the Gondwana supercontinent to the collision with the Simao–Indochina block and the deposition of the Cambrian to Jurassic sedimentary sequences were reconstructed.

An autopsy study of death due to Suicidal Hanging – 264 cases

The present study was carried out between 2010 and 2013, a total of 7968 Autopsies were conducted of which 3.31% (n – 264) cases were deaths due to hanging. The most preferred ligature materials were Stole (n – 79) and Bed spread/Sari (n – 68). In 88% of the cases, hanging was complete. Females (n – 136) and males (n – 128) were equally affected. The major age group involved in both the sexes was of 31–40years, contributing to 50.76% (n – 136) of the self suspension. In 80.58% (n – 213) of the incidents, ligature mark showed discontinuity (incomplete). A Slip type of knot was used in majority of the noose, contributing to 97.73% (n – 258) of the suspensions. In 87.88% (n – 232) of hanging an oblique shaped ligature mark was noticed. The horizontal and near oblique ligature marks were seen only in cases of partial suspension. In 95.45% (n – 252) of the cases, the ligature mark showed blackening of the skin (friction burn). Only 4.54% (n – 12) showed intact skin. The outer layer of the skin over the ligature mark showed displacement in majority of the cases. Married victims contributed to 70.45% of cases. Domestic issues were the commonest reason (n – 82) for self suspension, of which female (n – 68) formed the majority of victims. In 70.83% (n – 187) of cases damage to neck muscle fibers and hemorrhage at the Sternal end of the Sternocleidomastoid muscle were present. In 85.61% (n – 226) of cases the cervical vertebra was intact. In 52.27% (n – 138) of the cases the internal carotid artery showed transverse tear. In 99.42% (n – 248) cases the thyroid cartilage was found intact. The hyoid bone was damaged in 6.06% (n – 16) of the victims. Majority of the victims, 59.09% (n – 156) belonged to low socioeconomic class.

Survival for patients with chronic leukemias in the US and Britain: Age-related disparities and changes in the early 21st century.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are highly treatable conditions occurring primarily in older patients. Lower survival among older people has been reported in both conditions, but newer treatments may change both the overall survival rate and the relative risk associated with aging. Here, we examine survival for patients with CLL and CML in the United States (US) and England. Patients with CLL and CML were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (US) and National Cancer Registry (England). Five-year relative survival was calculated by major age group. Excess hazard ratios (EHR) by age were calculated for each condition, and multivariable analysis was performed to adjust for the following potential confounders: gender, race or ethnic group (US only), period of diagnosis, and a measure of socioeconomic deprivation (England only). Five-year relative survival increased for both CLL and CML in both England and the US between 1996-2000 and 2006-2010. However, relative age-related disparities persisted. For CLL, the EHR for death was 9.44 (7.84-11.36) in the US and 6.14 (5.65-6.68) in England for ages 85+ compared to ages 55-64. For CML, the EHR was 3.52 (3.17-3.90) in the US and 4.54 (4.13-4.98) in England for ages 75+ compared to ages 45-64. Survival improved for patients with chronic leukemias in the early 21st century. However, age-related disparities persist, despite clinical trial evidence that treatment in older adults with chronic leukemia can be safe and effective. Further research to determine the reasons for the lower survival in older patients and greater awareness of this problem may improve survival for older patients with chronic leukemia.

Trend of suicidal autopsy cases at Government Medical College and New Civil Hospital, Surat

Background: Surat is one of the fastest growing cities in Asia, situated in the southern region of the state of Gujarat, India. Suicidal deaths reflect overall social and mental stress and grief of any society. We analyzed the current trend of suicidal deaths in Surat in this epidemiological study. Objective: To analyze various demographic, social, and forensic aspects of suicidal deaths in Surat. Materials and Methods: A total of 358 profiles of suicidal autopsy cases were studied retrospectively, which were conducted during 2012 at GMC & NCH, Surat, Gujarat, India. The observations were compared with previous studies conducted in same region as well as studies conducted in other regions. Result: In this study, the incidence rate of suicidal deaths was 16.52% and major age group among the victims was 31–40 years (i.e. 22.06%). In 62.84% cases, the victims were male. The chief method of suicide was poisoning, used by 40.50% of deceased, involved in 45.53% of cases. Conspicuously, steep rise (21.17%) in number of suicides seen in third quarter of the year, that is, in beginning of monsoon. Conclusion: The current incidence rate of suicidal deaths in Surat shows an inclining trend recently. Maximum affected victims were middle-aged males (31–40 years) but cases of suicides of females have been increased in recent years. The chief method of suicide was poisoning and main mode of death was asphyxia.

Access to early breast cancer diagnosis in the Brazilian Unified National Health System: an analysis of data from the Health Information System

The recent reduction in breast cancer mortality in high-income countries resulted from improvements in early detection and treatment. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Brazilian women. Since 2004, the government has recommended annual clinical breast examination for women aged ≥ 40 years and biannual mammograms for those aged 50-69. This article investigates the degree of implementation of these guidelines using data from the Brazilian Unified National Health System for 2010 according to major geographic region and age group. The findings showed low national mammogram coverage in the target population (32% in the 50-59-year group; 25% from 60 to 69 years). The percentage of women with abnormal radiological findings who underwent biopsy was also low (27% for 50-59 years; 63% for 60-69 years). The number of breast cancer surgeries exceeded the number of cases detected by mammography but was well below the estimated number of incident breast cancer cases in 2010. There are striking regional inequalities in access to early detection and surgery, being the lowest access in the North Region and the highest in the South Region.

Provenance analysis of Nanyinger Group in the North Qilian Belt: constraints from zircon U–Pb geochronology

LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating has been performed on detrital zircons from the Nanyinger Group in the eastern section of the north Qilian orogenic belt in Jingyuan County, Gansu Province. The results show five major age groups: 3.1–2.0, 1.8–1.4, 1.4–0.8, 0.6–0.4, and ~0.26 Ga. Archean to Neoproterozoic zircons were derived from the central Qilian belt. The early Paleozoic grains are considered to have been derived from the magmatic arc related to ocean closure. The youngest age may be derived from the recycling of sediments prior to the Nanyinger Group. The youngest detrital zircon age (262 ± 5 Ma) is close to the depositional age of the strata, suggesting rapid uplift of the Qilian Mountains. In the early Indosinian, the palaeo-Qilian Mountains uplifted rapidly and provided the main source for the Hexi Corridor basins. The North Qilian Belt is the southern boundary of the Hexi Corridor basins. From the Ordovician to the Triassic, the depocenter gradually moved to the Qilian Mountains and was very close to the Qilian Mountains in the Late Triassic. By comparing with previous research, we infer that the Hexi Corridor basin may not connect with the Ordos Basin in the Triassic.

HUMAN AGE CLASSIFICATION WITH OPTIMAL GEOMETRIC RATIOS AND WRINKLE ANALYSIS

This paper presents geometric feature-based model for age group classification of facial images. The feature extraction is performed considering significance of the effects that age has on facial anthropometry. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique is used to find optimized subset of geometric features. The relevance and importance of age differentiation capability of the features are evaluated using support vector classifier. The facial images are categorized in seven major age groups. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed feature extraction is demonstrated with the experiments that are conducted on two publicly available databases namely Face and Gesture Recognition Research Network (FGNET) Aging Database and Iranian Face Database (IFDB). The results demonstrate that the success rate of the classification is 92.62%. The results also show significant improvement compared to the state-of-the-art models.

Provenance and Crustal Evolution of the Northern Yangtze Block Revealed by Detrital Zircons from Neoproterozoic–Early Paleozoic Sedimentary Rocks in the Yangtze Gorges Area, South China

AbstractDetrital zircon U-Pb ages of six sedimentary rocks in the northern Yangtze Block reveal three major age groups of 740–890 Ma, 1.9–2.1 Ga, and 2.4–2.55 Ga and two minor groups of 2.6–2.7 and 2.9–3.1 Ga. Although Lu-Hf isotope analysis suggest both juvenile crustal growth and reworking of old crust for all the age populations, juvenile input occurred mainly in the Archean and Neoproterozoic time, whereas Paleoproterozoic is a period dominated by recycling of preexisting crust. The predominant Neoproterozoic detritus is mainly derived from coeval igneous rocks distributed along the western and northwestern margin of the Yangtze Block. However, most of the pre-Neoproterozoic sediments cannot be matched with exposed basement rocks within the Yangtze Block. The similar age patterns of the sedimentary rocks in this study imply only a slight variation in the source regions from the Neoproterozoic to Silurian.

Drivers for late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic orogenesis in South China: Constraints from the sedimentary record

Unconformity bound Permo-Triassic successions in the Qinfang Basin, South China Craton, reflect tectonic processes associated with tectonothermal activity along the margins of the craton. The provenance record of these successions, based on modal analysis, geochemical composition, detrital zircon U–Pb ages, and paleocurrent data indicate derivation from the adjoining Precambrian Yunkai massif and surrounding Paleozoic sedimentary units. The quartz dominated nature of the siliciclastic units, along with their high Th/Sc and Zr/Sc ratios indicate a recycled orogen source. Detrital zircons from Late Permian to Early Triassic samples display major age groups at 1100–800 Ma, 650–500 Ma, 480–420 Ma, with subordinate age groups at 2800–2400 Ma, 1900–1600 Ma and 1400–1200 Ma. Late Triassic sandstones show a similar detrital zircon age pattern as well as a 300–250 Ma age group. Integration of this provenance data with regional geological information suggests that the unconformity at the base of the Permian succession is related to subduction of the Paleo-Tethys ocean to the south of the craton, whereas the major driver for Triassic tectonic activity corresponds with terrane accretion and the termination of Paleo-Tethys Ocean subduction along the southwest margin of the craton.

Profile of homicidal death cases at Government Medical College and New Civil Hospital, Surat

Background: Surat is one of the fastest growing cities in Asia, situated in the southern region of the Gujarat state of India. Homicidal crimes are one of darkest & inevitable part of any society. We analyzed the current trend of homicidal crimes in Surat in this epidemiological study. Aims & Objective: To analyze various demographic, social and forensic aspects of homicidal crimes in Surat. Materials and Methods: Profiles of total 119 homicidal autopsy cases studied retrospectively, which were conducted during 2011 & 2012 at FMTD, GMC & NCH, Surat. The observations were compared with previous studies conducted in same region as well as studies conducted in other regions. Results: In the present study, the incidence rate of homicidal deaths was 2.79% and major age group amongst the victims was 21-30 years i.e. 30.25%. In 72.27% cases the victims were male. The chief mode of death was Haemorrhagic shock involving 57.14% of cases. In most cases 31.37% sharp edged and pointed type of weapons were used by the accused. Conclusion: The current incidence rate of homicidal deaths in Surat shows a declining trend recently. Maximum affected victims were young adult males but cases of homicides of females and children are increased in recent years. The chief mode of death was haemorrhagic shock and most common part of body receiving fatal homicidal injury was neck. Most common method for homicide was producing mechanical injuries mainly by sharp cutting weapons but mere manual force also used in significant number of cases.