Maintenance Subsystem Research Articles

Peculiarities of public administration in the field of urban improvement in Ukraine

The scientific article is devoted to highlighting the features of public administration in the field of urban improvement in Ukraine. The article identifies a number of problems in the field of improvement of settlements in modern Ukraine and suggests practical ways to solve them. Definitions of the terms «improvement of the settlement», «measures for the improvement of the settlement», «maintenance of the territory in proper condition», «roads and street-road network», «green spaces» are given. The field of improvement of settlements as an object of management in modern Ukraine, types of improvement of settlements and objects of improvement are characterized. The differences between the content of state and regional policies in the field of improvement of settlements in Ukraine are determined. Subsystems in the field of improvement of settlements are defined according to the hierarchy of relevance. For example, the street and road network maintenance subsystem, the local outdoor lighting subsystem, the local landscaping subsystem, the communal services subsystem (household waste management, burial, parking), etc., and the problems of these subsystems are also defined and characterized. An assessment of the priority problems in most areas of urban development is given. Directions of theoretical and practical research in the field of improvement of settlements in modern Ukraine are proposed.
 It was established that the main problems of public administration in the field of improvement of settlements are: irrational use of the territory of the settlement; non-use of many facilities of the settlement in accordance with their immediate functional purpose; the unsatisfactory condition of most of the facilities, including roads, alleys, slopes, driveways, pedestrian and bicycle paths (especially in rural areas); the need to increase the number of newly equipped burial places; the presence of unauthorized landfills of household waste; a general low level of care for green spaces within settlements; inadequate conditions for the protection and restoration of an environment favorable for human activity; early development and approval by local councils and heads of newly created united territorial communities of the Rules for the Improvement of Settlements (based on the Model Rules provided for in Article 34 of the Law of Ukraine «On the Improvement of Settlements»); the measures developed by local self- government bodies to maintain the territory of settlements in proper condition, sanitary cleaning and preservation of facilities are not fully implemented in practice due to a lack of human, technical and financial resources, etc.

Unconscious priming shares a common resource pool with the manipulation subsystem.

BackgroundWorking memory can be subdivided into two relatively independent subordinate systems, the maintenance subsystem and the manipulation subsystem. Although the two subsystems are quite heterogeneous, research thus far has not adequately distinguished the resource pools of the two subsystems. Additionally, previous research on the relationship between working memory and unconscious priming is paradoxical. Different subsystems leading to different effects on unconscious priming might be the reason for the paradoxical research. Therefore, the current article aimed to distinguish the resource pools among two working-memory subsystems and to investigate the relationship between the two subsystems and unconscious priming.MethodsTo address these issues, a maintenance dual-task and a manipulation dual-task program were developed. Each participant had to separately perform the two dual tasks in a balanced order. In each dual task, participants first completed a masked priming task accompanied by working-memory load. As a control, participants completed a prime identification test to confirm that the processing of the masked prime was at the unconscious level. The maintenance dual task comprised sandwich masking trials accompanied by Sternberg trials, while the manipulation dual task comprised sandwich masking trials accompanied by N-back trials.ResultsThe results of the prime identification test indicated that the participants could not consciously perceive the masked prime of both dual tasks. The results of the working-memory task of both dual tasks indicated that the load manipulation was successful for both dual tasks. Most importantly, the results of the masking task of both dual tasks showed that an increase in working-memory load decreased the magnitude of unconscious priming in the manipulation dual task, whereas an increase in working-memory load did not decrease unconscious priming in the maintenance dual task. These observations demonstrate that the manipulation subsystem, rather than the maintenance subsystem, interferes with unconscious priming. Together with previous research, we propose a two-pool attention resource model to explain the modulation of working memory on unconscious priming by dissociating the executive resource pool of the manipulation system from the retention resource pool of the maintenance system. Thus, the current work confirms and extends the extant literature about the dependence of unconscious processing on attention resources by suggesting that unconscious priming shares a common resource pool with the manipulation subsystem.

NEW SURVEYING TASKS IN AUTOMATED INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

In 2018, the Pavlodar petrochemical plant introduced a modern system of maintenance and repair, designed to modernize and improve the production process. A maintenance system consisting of subsystems allows: - organizing a system for managing the condition of the company fixed assets taking into account the current condition of the equipment; - receiving information about the performed maintenance, repair or replacement works, about reducing the risks of unplanned production downtime; - determining the feasibility of repairing or replacing equipment based on the total cost of maintenance; - establishing the validity of planning for the procurement of spare parts and materials for scheduled repairs; - reducing the risk of missing spare parts in case of emergency shutdown of equipment. The process of implementation and expansion of maintenance subsystems is ongoing. The Engineering Data Creation and Management (EDCM) system is being introducing using AVEVA solutions. The introducing and integration of EDCM is carried out with the IBM Maximo subsystem of the maintenance system based on a three-dimensional digital plant model, created in the AVEVA Everything 3D software. A brief description of the process of creating a three-dimensional model of an industrial enterprise, its connection with a maintenance system, as well as the transformation of surveying information through the lens of the development of digital transformation of surveying information when creating digital twins of industrial enterprises, using the example of creating a 3D model of PNHZ for an engineering data management system is given. As a result of the 3D modeling development in the framework of the widespread introduction of digitalization in manufacture, surveying works received a new launch for development. It should be noted that surveying measurements are the key to the success of a complex and multi-stage technological process for creating and operating a digital spatial twin or 3D plant model in a TOPO system.

System management technology for technical maintenance of transport and technological machines

The paper considers the generalized structure of maintenance system, including, in the general case, the protection subsystem, the functional diagnostics subsystem, the test diagnostics subsystem, the maintenance and repair subsystem. The technical implementation of the listed subsystems is possible in the form of tools built into the object and in the form of tools external to the object. For the generalized structure of the transport and technological machines maintenance system, the possible ratios of the volumetric characteristics of built-in and external subsystems are analyzed (using the simplest analytical expression). The possibility of formalizing the control process of a generalized system of technical maintenance of autonomous objects within the framework of a finite-automaton model is discussed. In accordance with this model, it is proposed, first, to consider the on-board maintenance system as an operational automaton; second, each of its subsystems should be considered as a separate internal automaton that implements its own technological algorithm; third, the interaction of the four automata should be organized within the control automaton for the above-mentioned operating automaton. The algorithm for the functioning of this control automaton has been synthesized.

Integrated Supervision for Supporting Control and Proactive Maintenance of Material Handling System

Abstract Material handling systems, as an important part of different type of manufacturing processes, face the same challenges as manufacturing industries pushed nowadays forward by innovative ideas and technologies to the next level loudly announced as industry 4.0. Development of the next generation of automated manufacturing systems involves advanced approaches to material handling systems design and their close integration with the higher levels of manufacturing and production control and management, e.g. manufacturing execution systems (MES), enterprise resource planning (ERP). In the presence of increasing demands for manufacturing process optimization, the role of supervisory level of material handling systems is much more advanced today, ensuring not only data acquisition, visualization, monitoring, supervisory control, as well as synchronization with the higher control levels (FEM, ERP), but also providing functionality for supporting maintenance and decision-making processes to reduce downtimes, operations and maintenance costs. The article deals with the integration of control and maintenance functions in the hierarchical control system of a crane. The supervisory system for supporting control and proactive maintenance is prototyped at the laboratory overhead travelling crane. The article presents the control-measurement equipment and intelligent software tools implemented in the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system to aid decision-making process in proactive maintenance. The overview of the main components of the supervisory control and proactive maintenance subsystems is provided, and their respective role in control, supervision, and proactive maintenance is explained. The crane’s supervisory control includes the stereovision-based subsystem applied to identify the crane’s transportation workspace, determine the safety and time-optimal point-to-point trajectory of a payload. The proactive maintenance module consists of the human machine interface (HMI) supporting decision-making process, intelligent tools for upcoming downtime/failure prediction, and the crane's girder inspection using the metal magnetic memory technique.

Integrating Production and Maintenance Planning as an Element of Success at the Tactical Level: A Fuzzy Control Theory Approach

Abstract This contribution focuses on the topic of the Production–Maintenance integration at the tactical level and what it presents to the correct functioning and success of companies. For these purposes, a general framework for the integration of production and maintenance planning at the tactical level is introduced and described within this paper. It considers the key elements from the Value Analysis, Fuzzy Control and the Reliability-Centered Maintenance theories and implements them into the context of an existing method for selecting maintenance strategies. The proposal mainly focuses and addresses the definition of 1/ the roles played by the fixed assets that do really add value to the production system, 2/ the best maintenance strategy for each asset, and also addresses 3/ the modifications that, may be needed in the tactical production plan due to potential capacity problems in the maintenance subsystem.

Quality Requirements Regarding Aircraft Maintenance and Repair Services

Abstract During operation, aircraft (AC) are subject to use, maintenance, repair and disposal. Each of those processes requires adequate quality. This study presents requirements related to quality management with which an AC maintenance and repair sub-system ought to comply. Documents containing requirements pertaining to both management and technical aspects have been analysed. Applicable standards and regulations affecting the AC repair process quality assurance have been presented. A description of standards observance of which is required to ensure effective operation of modern AC maintenance and repair subsystems significantly affecting maintenance of the AC required airworthiness has been included. Complexity of the decision-taking process pertaining to AC maintenance and repair within the airworthiness maintenance sub-system has been presented

On the Integration of Production and Maintenance Planning at the Tactical Level: Proposal of a Contribution Procedure

This paper deals with the problematic of the ProductionMaintenance integration and what it represents to the correct functioning of the companies. As a consequence of this, it is introduced a general contribution procedure for the integration of production and maintenance planning at the tactical level. With it, elements of the Value Analysis, the Reliability Centered Maintenance and the Fuzzy Control Theory are integrated in the context of an existing method for selecting maintenance strategies. The key outputs of the proposal consist on defining (1) the roles played by the fixed assets that do really add value to the production system, (2) the best maintenance strategy for each asset and, (3) the modifications that, if necessary, are to be made in the tactical plan of production due to potential capacity problems in the maintenance subsystem.

Optimal spares and preventive maintenance frequencies for constrained industrial systems

The research investigates the influence of an effective maintenance system on the efficient performance of any industrial system. The core concept of the research explains that the simultaneous focus on the spares inventory subsystem as well as on the preventive maintenance subsystem must be considered when developing a quality maintenance programme. Considering and developing such aspects separately will lead to suboptimal performance since there exists a trade-off between overstocking and undersupplying spares for preventive maintenance activities. Details on the technique chosen are discussed, namely simulation modelling as well as recent developments such as agent based modelling. Advantages of this technique are the flexibility in representing complex relationships within a system without knowing the exact form. The optimisation heuristic, a genetic algorithm, which was used to solve the research problem is explained. Finally a case study is used to demonstrate the aptness and success of the research approach, namely an annual 44% maintenance cost saving and 3% increase in production output.

Taking decisions in the expert intelligent system to support maintenance of a technical object on the basis information from an artificial neural network

In this paper, an intelligent operation system, which consists of an intelligent diagnostic subsystem (with a neural network) and an intelligent maintenance subsystem (with an expert system), was presented and discussed. The artificial neural network and the expert system, which use the information developed in the neural network, perform a special function in this system. The functional combination of the artificial neural network and the expert system together created a new solution in the form of an intelligent system, which was referred to as an intelligent maintenance system. This article also covers decision-making methods that are used in an expert maintenance system and whose purpose is an organization and control of the process of the prevention of technical objects. For this purpose, the method was described of taking decisions by an expert for complex parametric type hypotheses and for simple finished type hypotheses in the set of possible decisions’ hypotheses. A considerable part of this paper covers the presentation of the method to transform diagnostic information into the required form of maintenance information. For this purpose, an algorithm of the work of maintenance system was performed and descried. In the creation process of the maintenance knowledge base, the specialist knowledge of a human specialist was also used. Hence, a skilful and proper taking of decisions by an expert to create this set of information is essential. Two inference methods were characterized and described in this paper. The theoretical results obtained were verified in the examination of the influence of each of these decision-making inference methods on the final results of the process of the prevention treatment of an object.

A study on a single-unit repairable system with state aggregations

This article analyzes a single-unit repairable system consisting of an operating subsystem and a maintenance subsystem that is solely used to repair the operating subsystem in the event of it breaking down. Formulae for reliability indexes such as availability and distributions concerned with visits to certain subsets of states are presented in terms of state aggregations in which two partitions are used. The situation with exponentially distributed operational times is discussed not only as a special case of the approach used in this article but also using a Markov model. A numerical example is given to illustrate the results obtained in this article.

The Method of the Evaluation of the Efficiency of the Processes Carried Out at Traffic Maintenance Subsystem Posts

We’ve built this digital research platform to provide academics everywhere with fast, stable and secure digital access to our library of over 110,000 scholarly books and 800,000 journal articles. We’ve tested the platform in close cooperation with leading academic institutions. If you have any questions or you notice something doesn’t quite work as it should, please visit our <a href="/publishing/faq?lang=en" class="text-primary">Help/FAQ</a> page and let us know.

A Model to Distinguish Between Educational and Training 3D Virtual Environments and its Application

This paper proposes a model to identify education and/or training emphasis for 3D Virtual Environments. Through a survey of such applications specific characteristics of each emphasis were identified. Although few authors highlight the distinction between Virtual Environments for Education and Training, the correct definition of each of these types can facilitate the attainment of educational goals for the niche one wants to accomplish. In this study a special focus is given to the training applications, with the proposal of a standardization of the "training modes" based on a functional conceptual framework. At the end of the article a case study of a desktop Virtual Reality (VR) system for training will be presented. This system includes a maintenance sub-system in a Hydroelectric Energy Unit, using a "learn by doing" approach

Remote operational trials with the ITER FDR divertor handling equipment

The ITER divertor test platform (DTP) located at ENEA's Research Centre in Brasimone, Italy is a full-scale mock-up of a 72° arc of the ITER 1998 vessel divertor region—the result of a major initiative over the period 1996–2000. Since the implementation of this facility, the design of the ITER vessel—and therefore much of the remote maintenance equipment—has changed substantially. However, the nature and principles of the remote handling equipment are still very similar, and hence many valuable lessons can yet be learned from the existing equipment for the future. In particular, true remote handling tests of the major maintenance subsystems were seen as an important step in determining their suitability for ITER. This paper describes and documents a series of three, discrete, remote-handling trials carried out using most of the major DTP subsystems, and presents an overview of the conclusions and suggestions for future development of ITER cassette remote handling equipment.

Fault Diagnosis in an Expert System for Health Services Management in the Tropics

An integrated large-scale expert system called Health-2000, for the management of health services in regions where tropical diseases are endemic, has been designed. This system combines knowledge and databases, the contents of which are operated upon by an inference engine, to produce usable information. The system allows a host of applications, ranging from medical diagnosis to fault detection and preventive maintenance of biomedical equipment. The theoretical background and approach used in the development of the fault diagnosis and equipment maintenance sub-system of Health-2000 is presented. Model-based knowledge acquisition, and an extension of the Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis are two methodologies applied to build its knowledge bases. The inference engine which supports backward and forward chaining, operates on numerical and non-numerical facts, and uses fuzzy logic to handle vague and uncertain knowledge. Fault isolation proceeds in a top-down fashion, from equipment sub-system, to modules and components.

ICONKAT: an integrated constructivist knowledge acquisition tool

In this paper, we report on a continuing research effort aimed at the development of an integrated knowledge acquisition system, ICONKAT. We describe the components of the tool and discuss how they may be used to facilitate the design, construction, testing, maintenance and explanation of knowledge bases. ICONKAT's knowledge elicitation subsystem, based on both personal construct theory and assimilation theory, interactively assists the domain expert in the task of building a model of his or her expertise. ICONKAT employs a collection of modeling primitives (i.e. the glue) as the material basis for the construction of a conceptual domain model. The maintenance subsystem provides support tools for use by the knowledge engineering team, as well as the domain expert, when testing the system's performance, refining the knowledge base, and maintaining the overall system. The components of the maintenance subsystem employ a variety of mediating representations (e.g. concept maps, repertory grids) to furnish various perspectives of the evolving domain model as embodied in the modeling primitives. Moreover, the domain model that emerges from the knowledge acquisition process is subsequently exported from the development environment to the delivery environment where it serves as the foundation of the explanation capability for the deployed system. ICONKAT is currently employed in the design and construction of an expert system for the diagnosis of first pass functional cardiac images.

The survival strategy of a small local cooperative bank

The research on the strategic problems of the firm operates with concepts wich refer to markets, products, resources, and organization of the firm. This approach which concentrated on the economic aspects of the behaviour of the firm may in some cases ignore vital points especially with reference to the strategy of small firms. This article analyses the strategy of the Lannevesi Cooperative Bank. This small bank has been able to survive in a world, where concentration in the banking industry has been rapid. The bank has survived due to its strategy. This strategy may be given a meaningful interpretation in the framework of the theories of Parsons and Smelser (1956). In the miniature society of the village the bank operates in the economy and polity sub-systems as banks do in a modern specialized society. The unique feature in the strategy of the bank, which cannot be analyzed just in economic terms is its operation as an active agent in the integrative and pattern maintenance sub-systems of the village society. Solidarity and cohesion in the village are essential to the survival of the bank.

Administrative structure theory and evaluation: An example from the Community Services Administration

Concern about the inability of existing theories of utilization to explain the use (or lack thereof) of evaluation research on policymaking in public agencies leads the authors to postulate an “administrative structure theory.” Utilization is then explained, in large part, by the structure and behavior of administrative agencies. Administrative structure theory rests on four propositions which relate evaluation research to the development and maintenance sub-systems (within the administrative structure). These propositions are illustrated in the context of the recently abolished U.S. Community Services Administration.

No. 5 ESS Maintenance Software

No. 5 ESS is a stored program controlled digital switching system using distributed processing to provide smooth growth across the entire central office line range. The No. 5 ESS maintenance hardware and software is designed to meet all Bell System reliability and maintenance requirements. New approaches for maintenance software design have been required to accomplish this in a distributed processing environment. The responsibility for carrying out maintenance functions is distributed so that major functional units are almost totally responsible for their own maintenance. This allows system evolution to take place with minimum impact on the overall software structure and also allows loose coupling of system elements. Loose coupling means that relatively slow control channels can be used for intrasystem communication. All of these features facilitate the remoting of major functional units away from No. 5 ESS. Switch maintenance, terminal maintenance, system integrity, and human-machine interface software are present in each of No. 5 ESS's distributed processors. Software in these processors is decomposed into small, easily understood components with well-defined interfaces. Operating systems are used to switch messages between software processes and to provide common services for the maintenance subsystems. Most of the software is written in the C high-level language. This simplifies software development by allowing the same coding language to be used for all system processors and provides future code portability when new generations of processors are introduced into the system. The No. 5 ESS maintenance software architecture and design approach helps ensure a high-quality end product. It should also minimize future effort needed to introduce new hardware, services, and features into the system.

The Education Satellite: A Systems Model

The educational satellite is a new innovation under the broad concept of educational technology. While satellites have been used for nearly a decade for various kinds of scientific experimentation and military applications, they have only recently been programmed into the problem solving process in areas generally considered social in nature. Moreover, in the education category of social services, the educational satellite experimentation is just getting underway. Personnel of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, for example, in cooperation with researchers of the Federation of Rocky Mountain States and the Appalachian Regional Commission, are presently undertaking a series of experiments to determine the feasibility of using a satellite in the educational process. Such an undertaking is a new experience for the educational community. While educators have a background in the introduction of technology at the classroom level, their experience with the systems approach to the use of educational technology is very limited. Consequently, a frame of reference for integrating such technology into an educational system is needed. Such a frame of reference is developed in this paper. A systems model is suggested, based upon the flow of educational material, feedback information, and support activities. Various system elements are identified, designated as subsystems, and named according to the function to be performed at various points in the process. A total of nine subsystems are developed, and named as follows: 1) The Design and Production Subsystem, 2) The Transmission Subsystem, 3) The Satellite Subsystem, 4) The Reception and Distribution Subsystem, 5) The Classroom Subsystem, 6) The Evaluation Subsystem, 7) The Logistics Subsystem, 8) The Administrative Subsystem, and 9) The Maintenance Subsystem.