Network Maintenance Research Articles

Application of Portable CH4 Detector Based on TDLAS Technology in Natural Gas Purification Plant

Methane (CH4) is the main pollutant in oil and gas production. The detection and accounting of CH4 is an important issue in the process of greenhouse gas control and emission reduction in oil and gas industry. In this study, a portable CH4 detector based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technology was deployed. The three-dimensional distribution of CH4 in a natural gas purification plant in Sichuan was obtained through vertical unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) flight observations and ground mobile observations. According to the mass balance method, the emission of CH4 on 30 m above ground level (AGL) and 60 m AGL in this site was about 0.012 kg/s (±42% at 1σ) and 0.034 kg/s (±47% at 1σ), respectively, in one day. The vertical distribution showed that the CH4 concentration reached the maximum (2.75 ± 0.19 ppm) with height of 0 to 100 m AGL. The CH4 concentration from 100 to 300 m AGL showed a downward trend with height. Atmospheric instability at high altitude and high wind speed promoted the diffusion of CH4. The CH4 concentrations of horizontal distribution on 30 m AGL and 60 m AGL were 2.48 ± 0.11 ppm and 2.76 ± 0.34 ppm. In the observation of mobile campaigns, the connecting equipment of natural gas treatment facilities was prone to leakage, such as in valves and flanges. CH4 leakage was also detected at the torch mouth, especially when there was an open flame at the torch mouth. During the mobile movement investigation, the downwind measurement (OTM-33A) was applied to determine the overall CH4 emission rate shortly after patrolling the site. This work plays a vital role in optimizing the operation and maintenance of natural gas production stations pipe network, ensuring human safety and minimizing greenhouse gas emissions.

Analisa Pengaruh Issue Overshooting Cell Terhadap Coverage dan Quality Jaringan 4G LTE Kelurahan Jati Baru Kota Padang

The increase in service users causes network problems, such as poor signal quality, sudden signal loss, or no network at all, To improve network quality, improvements are made to service coverage. One of them is by adding eNodeB. With the addition of eNodeB, network maintenance must be carried out to ensure identification and improvement related to network coverage and performance. If maintenance is not performed, it can cause bad spots, one of which is cell overshooting. The purpose of this research is to analyse the effect of cell overshooting on 4G LTE network coverage and quality parameters. 4G network coverage parameters are: Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) and 4G network quality parameters namely Signal to Interference Noise Ratio (SINR). From the drive test results obtained 80.77% of 546 samples on RSRP parameters ≥ -100 dBm and 32.78% of 546 samples on SINR parameters ≥ 3 dB. The low SINR parameter of the drive test results is caused by bad spot overshooting cell interference that occurs at site 4253364E and site MC425CC02E with sites around the bad spot area. From the analysis, it can be seen that bad spot overshooting cell affects network quality, while network coverage parameters do not. Where the RSRP parameters at the bad spot point are -87 dBm and -92 dBm and SINR parameters at the bad spot point are -1 dB and -3 dB.

The role and significance of water in the development of Sarajevo over the course of history

Water represented a very important segment in the design and functioning of Sarajevo over the course of its long past. Water, as a symbol of life, in various forms and shapes, has been an indispensable factor in the creation and development of many urban areas in human history, which is very clearly visible in the Sarajevo example. Based on data from unpublished archival materials, published sources and relevant literature, this text attempts to present certain elements that undoubtedly led to the city's development. The work deals with different thematic areas that chronologically presented the exploitation of the water potential of Sarajevo and its immediate surroundings, as one of the key causes of the city's urban development and its economic and social transformation. In the classic Ottoman era, Sarajevo was, to the greatest extent thanks to the institution of the Waqf, an area with an extremely large number of different forms of construction on the water. Wells, fountains and shadirwans as well as a wide branched network of water supply systems, made it possible to use the bounty of water unhindered. Mills and bridges were in the function of economic activity, which directly affected the prosperity of the city. In addition to these positive examples, the paper also provides information on certain problems caused by the natural effect of water power. During the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian periods, Sarajevo was faced with floods which, depending on the intensity and whether the Miljacka or one of its tributaries flooded, caused damages of different scopes. Therefore, special attention was paid to the efforts of the city authorities to prevent such scenarios. The paper deals with the construction and maintenance of Sarajevo's water supply network. Its beginnings in the Ottoman period are presented and analyzed, as well as the first, at that time, modern approaches in the construction of a modern water supply system after the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Austro-Hungarian authorities, aware of the existing water potential of the source of the Mošćanica river not far from Sarajevo, tried to make maximum use of these facilities with the aim of supplying the city with sufficient quantities of drinking water. The Ottoman waterworks were dilapidated and could not meet the needs of the entire population, which was constantly growing, and the city's territory was expanding year by year, so this was also an aggravating circumstance. The paper shows in detail how the construction of the first modern water supply system in Sarajevo proceeded in 1889, as well as how it functioned in the following period. The presented and analyzed cases from the original material clearly illustrate the problems faced by the residents who wanted to connect their housholds to the water supply network as well s how the new water supply system caused various types of damage to their private properties. The last segment that this paper treats refers to the use of water power for the production of electricity. Towards the end of the First World War, the Dudin Hrid power plant was put into operation, which used the water power of the existing water supply brought from the Jahorina mountain. In this way, the city was supplied with water and electricity, which was extremely important. Particular attention was paid to the construction of a hydroelectric plant on the Željeznica River, in Bogatići, not far from Sarajevo. This project, although conceived and planned at the beginning of the twentieth century, was only realized after the Second World War and represented the first built object of the First Five-Year Plan. The results of the research presented here can serve, not only within the framework of the historiographic range, but also for the needs of knowledge that is of various social significance.

A Critical Analysis on Different High Impedance Fault Detection Schemes

High Impedance Fault (HIF) results due to non-isolation of high intensity transmission line with that of the low intensity conductors like trees and ground etc. The current flowing in the line in this case is so low that the condition usually cannot be detected by conventional technologies such as relays and fuses. However, the condition needs to be detected sooner and addressed quicker as it can be very hazardous to human beings and animals living nearby. As the current is low, detection of HIF is a major challenging task in the distribution side of power utility. This paper presents an analysis of different available HIF detection schemes. This paper focuses on different recent available remarkable HIF detection schemes until 2023. For better understanding about HIF detection schemes, the model and algorithm involved in each scheme are described followed an extensive analysis of the technologies. The analysis includes classification, complexity in evaluation, pros & cons, and scope of application. This paper can be a very useful tool for the researchers and working professional working in maintenance of distribution-side utility network.

Distributed and multi‐layer hierarchical controller placement in software‐defined satellite‐terrestrial network

AbstractAiming at the controller placement in software‐defined satellite‐terrestrial network, a distributed and multilayer hierarchical controller placement mechanism is proposed to improve the reliability and scalability. First, the metrics of network reliability, maintenance cost and usage cost are defined to establish the controller placement optimization model for the software‐defined satellite‐terrestrial network. Then, a distributed and hierarchical control structure composed of super controller, master controller, and slave controller is presented to enhance the scalability. Furthermore, according to the latitude variation of the LEO satellites, a time‐slot division method is proposed to staticize the network control topology. It reduces control link handover and enhances the stability of control links. In addition, a LEO satellite latitude based slave controller selection strategy and a shortest distance based inter layer control strategy are proposed to facilitate cost reduction and stability enhancement. Finally, extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed control structure not only obtains high stability and scalability, but also efficiently saves the maintenance and usage cost. Besides, the impacts of service request distribution and satellite number on the control structure are analyzed.

Assessment of risks to the quality of water supplied in Bushenyi-Uganda using the water safety plan approach

Abstract This study assessed the effects of environmental and operational hazardous events on the Bushenyi water supply system over the period 2017–2020. Monthly secondary water quality data for the period July 2013–December 2017 were analyzed together with data from field samples collected monthly from January 2018 to November 2020. The parameters analyzed were pH, turbidity, total iron, free chlorine and faecal coliforms. Hazardous events and risks affecting the water supply at the source, treatment and distribution system were identified and assessed during the field visits. Control measures were determined during water safety plan development effective July 2017 and implemented effective August 2018. Quality of water in the distribution system met the national standards for turbidity (93%), total iron (99%), residual free chlorine (90%) and faecal coliforms (96%). pH in the storage and distribution system was below the national standard (annual mean range, 5.5–6.7). Water quality was negatively influenced by extreme seasonal weather variations at the source, source protection gaps, treatment deficiencies related to clarifier, filter and chemical dose management as well as distribution management and maintenance gaps. Improved source protection, treatment and distribution network management and maintenance are recommended for sustainable system and water quality standards.

An Empirical Study of Destructive Nodes Characterization in Wireless Networks

Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are deployed in various new public and domestic environments, going up to new needs in terms of concert and effectiveness. According to the wireless dynamic nature, some needed services like security for network maintenance, trust-based routing and resource management among network nodes are not carried out as good as expected. Also, the ad-hoc networks are vulnerable to secure communications and multiple attacks can participate in various layers of a network stack. Destructive nodes have chances to change or discard routing specifications, sometimes it can send false routes to capture source data packets to pass through themselves. Some protocols have been designed to address the complication from secure data communication. Even though, a secure protocol cannot handle all kinds of attack detection and elimination in all situations. New secure data communication wireless protocols need to focus these challenges, because security care is not natively built in MANET. Therefore, in this research paper, analysis of destructive nodes characterization and impacts on wireless networks investigated the multiple attacks behaviour, activities of the attacks all through neighbour selection, path establishment from source to destination, creating awareness of attack presence detection knowledge to the normal devices during path discovery and data transmission mechanisms. Legitimate nodes need to be building with secure transmission knowledge to make sure trusted communication, ensure validation, honesty, and privacy to classify the attacks in MANETs.

Multi-Agent Learning of Asset Maintenance Plans through Localised Subnetworks

Maintenance planning of networked multi-asset systems is a complex problem due to the inherent individual and collective asset constraints and dynamics as well as the size of the system and interdependencies among assets. Although multi-asset systems have been studied numerous times in the past decades, maintenance planning implications of the system’s network characteristics have been barely analysed. Likewise, solutions that consider the network perspective suffer from scalability issues as a network-wide observability is assumed. This paper proposes a network maintenance planning approach based on the decomposition of the multi-asset network into fixed-size localised subnetworks. The overall network maintenance plan is produced by aggregating the subnetwork maintenance plans, which are computed independently via a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithm. The results are evaluated against a network-wide approach as well as the commonly-used individual approach. The paper also introduces a systematic approach to integrate the MARL resulting policy in a multi-asset agent-based model. Simulation results of several random asset networks and a large nationwide network infrastructure show that, although a network-wide approach outperforms, on average, other approaches considered, the localised subnetworks approach, provides an acceptable alternative in networks with small-world properties, without the need of a network-wide view.

6 The Moderating Role of Physical Activity on Hippocampal Iron Deposition and Memory Outcomes in Typically Aging Older Adults

Objective:Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) is an MRI-based technique that sensitively measures in-vivo iron deposition via relaxation and magnetic susceptibility of brain tissue. Iron is essential for brain homeostasis, including oxidative metabolism, formation and maintenance of neural networks, and myelin synthesis. While increased levels of iron deposition occur during normal aging, high levels may have detrimental effects. Previous work has linked excessive brain iron accumulation to oxidative stress, beta-amyloid and tau toxicity, neurodegeneration, and cognitive dysfunction, particularly memory loss. Physical activity, on the other hand, correlates with higher synaptic integrity and memory performance, even in the presence of neuropathology. To date, it is unknown how physical activity may affect iron deposition-related cognition changes. We examined the moderating role of physical activity on the relationship between QSM hippocampal iron deposition and verbal memory in typically aging adults.Participants and Methods:62 cognitively unimpaired older adults from the UCSF Memory and Aging Center (age mean(SD) = 78.34(7.28) years; 56% women; education mean(SD) = 17.94(1.72) years; 85% non-Hispanic White) completed neuropsychological testing and brain MRI during annual research visits, followed by Fitbit™ physical activity monitoring for 30 days. Average total daily steps were aggregated. Participants completed 3T Prisma neuroimaging with QSM, and regional iron deposition levels were quantified. All subjects also underwent diffusion tensor imaging (fractional anisotropy). Verbal memory was assessed via long delay free recall scores from the California Verbal Learning Test II (CVLT-II). Linear regression examined verbal memory as a function of hippocampal QSM (bilateral), physical activity, and their interaction. Models covaried for age, sex, and education. Additional models separately examined left and right hippocampal QSM, as well as subcortical QSM to determine lateralization and specificity of verbal memory effects to hippocampal iron deposition, respectively.Results:Univariably, higher bilateral hippocampal QSM correlated with worse verbal memory (r= 0.35; p= 0.015). Adjusting for demographics, physical activity moderated the relationship between bilateral hippocampal QSM and verbal memory (ß= 0.41, p= 0.011), such that at higher levels of physical activity, the negative relationship between hippocampal QSM and verbal memory was significantly attenuated. Results persisted when adjusting for DTI integrity of the uncinate fasciculus and fornix white matter tracts. Lateralization models were both significant, suggesting that results were not dominantly driven by either left (ß= 0.34, p= 0.048), or right (ß=0.31, p= 0.035) hippocampal QSM. In contrast, subcortical QSM did not correlate with memory performance (r= 0.13, p > 0.05) or interact with physical activity on verbal memory outcomes (p > 0.05).Conclusions:Physical activity significantly moderated the negative relationship between hippocampal QSM and verbal memory performance. Higher exercise engagement may buffer the adverse effect of hippocampal iron deposition on memory, potentially through its role in maintenance of myelin and synaptic integrity and/or protecting against other neurotoxic events (e.g., oxidative stress, neuronal cell death). Our results support that physical activity continues to be a modifiable risk factor that may offer a protective role in neurobiological pathways of memory and cognitive decline.

Results of Estimating the Absolute Gravimetric Measurements at the Ledovo Fundamental Gravity Station and on the First Order Gravimetric Network of Russia

Abstract—This work is aimed at estimating the long-term continuing measurements of the acceleration of gravity at the Ledovo fundamental gravity station and first order stations of the gravimetric network of Russia. The observations are carried out by absolute gravimeters beginning from the mid-1970s to the present time. It is shown that the observed value of the acceleration of gravity at the Ledovo station has a tendency to decrease during last 45 years; according to our estimates, the value decreased by 32 µGal. The measurements carried out at first order gravity stations in Russia after renewal of network maintenance are compared with measurements carried out in the 1980s.

Ensuring reliable network operations and maintenance: The role of PMRF for switch maintenance and upgrades in SDN

In the realm of software-defined networking (SDN), ensuring robust maintenance operations and the consistent performance of switch operations, especially during maintenance and upgrades, is of paramount importance. Traditional SDN methods, both reactive and proactive, face challenges like extended convergence times, inefficient use of Ternary Content-Addressable Memory (TCAM) space, and unpredictable maintenance time. To tackle these issues and enhance maintenance operations, this paper introduces the Preventive Maintenance Routing Framework (PMRF) – a novel approach designed for uninterrupted upgrades in SDN settings. Our framework focuses on selecting reliable backup paths and timely isolation of the maintenance switch except critical switch, framed as an NP-hard mixed-integer linear programming problem. To address this complexity, we present a multi-objective heuristic algorithm that efficiently determines the best path for upcoming affected flows. Testing shows that, in varied network conditions, PMRF markedly reduced packet drops, potentially enhancing SDN operation efficiency, minimizing end-to-end delays, and maintaining failure recovery times below 50 ms and efficiently manage TCAM resources. In summary, PMRF offers a robust solution for optimizing network reliability and efficiency during maintenance operations and upgrades in core networks.

Cognitive empathy mediates the relationship between gray matter volume size of dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and social network size: A voxel-based morphometry study

Social networks are an important factor in developing and maintaining social relationships. The social brain network comprises brain regions that differ in terms of their location, structure, and functioning, and these differences tend to vary among individuals with different social network sizes. However, it remains unknown how social cognitive abilities such as empathy can affect social network size. The goal of our study was to examine the relationship between brain regions in the social brain network, empathy, and individual social network size by using the Social Network Index, which measures social network diversity, size, and complexity by assessing 12 different types of relationships. We performed voxel-based morphometry and mediation analyses using data from questionnaires and structural magnetic resonance imaging data in a sample of 204 young adults. Our findings showed that the gray matter volume of the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) was inversely associated with social network size and cognitive empathy mediated this association, suggesting that decreased gray matter volume in the dmPFC is associated with greater utilization of cognitive empathy, which, in turn, seems to increase social network size. A potential mechanism explaining this inverse relationship could be cognitive pruning, a phenomenon that occurs in the brain between early adolescence and adulthood, but future longitudinal studies are needed. In conclusion, our findings provide information about the neurocognitive mechanisms involved in the formation and maintenance of social networks.

Multi‐criteria analysis applied to ranking rehabilitation strategies of water distribution networks

Rehabilitation of water distribution systems is a complex task that water companies have to tackle continually to keep high‐quality service. The larger and more complex the network, the harder to make decisions about the network maintenance strategy to be implemented. Considering pipe replacement as a strategy for water network rehabilitation, this work presents a combination of water distribution system analysis and multi‐criteria analysis to rank alternatives for pipe replacement. A set of eight performance criteria is used to evaluate the rehabilitation alternatives. The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is herein adopted to rank the solutions, coupled with a final sensitivity analysis on criteria weights. The obtained results point out as pipe replacement is an essential strategy for rehabilitation since the eight evaluation criteria are improved. The sensitivity analysis shows the best solutions' robustness, with just a few variations in their position in the ranking. The most frequent best solution is then hydraulically evaluated, showing the real benefits of pipe replacement in terms of pressure deficit reduction.

Peculiarities of public administration in the field of urban improvement in Ukraine

The scientific article is devoted to highlighting the features of public administration in the field of urban improvement in Ukraine. The article identifies a number of problems in the field of improvement of settlements in modern Ukraine and suggests practical ways to solve them. Definitions of the terms «improvement of the settlement», «measures for the improvement of the settlement», «maintenance of the territory in proper condition», «roads and street-road network», «green spaces» are given. The field of improvement of settlements as an object of management in modern Ukraine, types of improvement of settlements and objects of improvement are characterized. The differences between the content of state and regional policies in the field of improvement of settlements in Ukraine are determined. Subsystems in the field of improvement of settlements are defined according to the hierarchy of relevance. For example, the street and road network maintenance subsystem, the local outdoor lighting subsystem, the local landscaping subsystem, the communal services subsystem (household waste management, burial, parking), etc., and the problems of these subsystems are also defined and characterized. An assessment of the priority problems in most areas of urban development is given. Directions of theoretical and practical research in the field of improvement of settlements in modern Ukraine are proposed.
 It was established that the main problems of public administration in the field of improvement of settlements are: irrational use of the territory of the settlement; non-use of many facilities of the settlement in accordance with their immediate functional purpose; the unsatisfactory condition of most of the facilities, including roads, alleys, slopes, driveways, pedestrian and bicycle paths (especially in rural areas); the need to increase the number of newly equipped burial places; the presence of unauthorized landfills of household waste; a general low level of care for green spaces within settlements; inadequate conditions for the protection and restoration of an environment favorable for human activity; early development and approval by local councils and heads of newly created united territorial communities of the Rules for the Improvement of Settlements (based on the Model Rules provided for in Article 34 of the Law of Ukraine «On the Improvement of Settlements»); the measures developed by local self- government bodies to maintain the territory of settlements in proper condition, sanitary cleaning and preservation of facilities are not fully implemented in practice due to a lack of human, technical and financial resources, etc.

JNK regulates ciliogenesis through the interflagellar transport complex and actin networks.

The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) regulates various important physiological processes. Although the JNK pathway has been under intense investigation for over 20 yr, its complexity is still perplexing, with multiple protein partners underlying the diversity of its activity. We show that JNK is associated with the basal bodies in both primary and motile cilia. Loss of JNK disrupts basal body migration and docking and leads to severe ciliogenesis defects. JNK's involvement in ciliogenesis stems from a dual role in the regulation of the actin networks of multiciliated cells (MCCs) and the establishment of the intraflagellar transport-B core complex. JNK signaling is also critical for the maintenance of the actin networks and ciliary function in mature MCCs. JNK is implicated in the development of diabetes, neurodegeneration, and liver disease, all of which have been linked to ciliary dysfunction. Our work uncovers a novel role of JNK in ciliogenesis and ciliary function that could have important implications for JNK's role in the disease.

Analysis The Effectiveness of E-Court System at The Religious Court of Bangil Based on Simple Principles Quickly and Low Cost

A system can be declared successful if its application in the field has achieved predetermined objectives. The Supreme Court as the highest agency in the judicial sphere has issued a system to register cases and trials in court electronically, one of which is the Bangil Religious Court. The purpose of the study was to determine the application of the e-court system in the examination of cases at the Bangil Religious Court and to determine the effectiveness of the e-court system at the Bangil Religious Court. Research methods used by researchers are sociological empirical research methods that describe the actual environmental conditions of society supported by data and facts obtained by conducting interviews and observations. The results showed that: 1) The examination of cases at the Bangil Religious Court has not fully implemented the examination of cases using the e-court system because one of the agendas for examining cases in the trial, namely the agenda of evidence, is still carried out manually. 2) Effectiveness of e-court system implementation The Bangil Religious Court cannot run effectively because 4 factors of legal effectiveness cannot be met, namely Law Enforcement Factors there are obstacles experienced by judges in the verification process in the e-court system, Facilities and Infrastructure Factors related to network system constraints from the center and facilities that are less attractive to the community, Community Factors that do not understand technological developments, Cultural Factors The difficulty of transitioning people's way of life from conventional to electronic. The factor that is fulfilled is Law Enforcement Factors evidenced by the issuance of PERMA Number 1 of 2019. Suggestion that the Supreme Court improve network repair and maintenance on the e-court system to avoid system errors at certain times and often conduct socialization related to e-court renewal.

Carbon Accounting and Carbon Emission Reduction Potential Analysis of Sponge Cities Based on Life Cycle Assessment

In recent years, China has been vigorously carrying out the construction and development of a sponge city. To prove that the material and energy consumption involved in the implementation of a sponge city is much less than that of the integrated urban drainage system (IUDS) in addition to saved energy and reduced carbon in the sponge city, it was important to calculate the corresponding carbon source and sink and analyze its key influence factors. The emission factor method was used to calculate carbon emissions. In view of this, based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines and life cycle assessment (LCA), this research established a systematic accounting method for carbon emissions from the IUDS and the sponge city, which focused on improving the calculation method of the carbon sink stage. A case study was conducted in Beijing, China, and the carbon emission reduction effect of the construction of the sponge city was discussed. The results showed that the carbon emission reduction potential (CRP) of sponge facilities in this project for 50 years was 612.45 tons of CO2 equivalent after the renovation. Compared with IUDS, sponge city construction had a positive effect on carbon emission reduction and reduced carbon emissions by 87.08% on average. For the IUDS and the sponge city, the stormwater pipe network had the largest contribution of carbon emission, and its material, transportation, pipeline laying, and maintenance of stormwater pipe networks had important influences. Morris global analysis method was used to analyze the sensitivity of LCA results and obtained that the influence degree of sensitivity factors on carbon emissions in the life cycle was in the order of annual rainfall > carbon sequestration rate of green space > high-density polyethylene (HDPE) > transport distance > fertilization and insecticide. This study can provide a positive contribution to the construction of a sponge city and planning the low-carbon development of the city in the future in China.

Kajian Manajerial Efektifitas Pemeliharaan Jaringan dan Transformator Distribusi 20 kV Menggunakan Uji ANOVA

PT PLN (Persero) is an electricity company in Indonesia which supports the development and industrial sectors. Process Business PLN starts from power plant, Transmission and distribution until Retail to Customers. For Supply the needed for customer in electricity power, PLN keep the reliability electricity network for fulfil it. The reliability of electric power distribution network depends on several factors, including the quality of materials, maintenance, operating patterns, protective equipment used and also network configuration. One of the ways to maintain electricity service is to carry out distribution transformer maintenance. After the maintenance is carried out, it is necessary to evaluate the distribution transformer maintenance activities that have been carried out, whether the maintenance activities have an impact or not on management, this is measured by the quality of the voltage and the rupiah per kWh that can be distributed and is denominated in rupiah. The purpose of this study is to find out whether the network and transformer maintenance has had an impact or not. One way that can be done statistically is through the ANOVA test. From the result, Minitab results obtained a value of 0.321 > α = 0.05 and the results of the autocorrelation do not show plots that are outside the lines or margins. This means that the maintenance activities of the 20 kV distribution transformers in data collection unit affect the company’s income. This means that maintenance activities affect the company's income. Therefore, the maintenance factor affects the company's income. Thus, it can be the main focus for improving distribution reliability by doing transformer 20 kV maintenance.

Mechanical loading due to muscle movement regulates establishment of the collagen network in the developing murine skeleton.

Mechanical loading is critical for collagen network maintenance and remodelling in adult skeletal tissues, but the role of loading in collagen network formation during development is poorly understood. We test the hypothesis that mechanical loading is necessary for the onset and maturation of spatial localization and structure of collagens in prenatal cartilage and bone, using in vivo and in vitro mouse models of altered loading. The majority of collagens studied was aberrant in structure or localization, or both, when skeletal muscle was absent in vivo. Using in vitro bioreactor culture system, we demonstrate that mechanical loading directly modulates the spatial localization and structure of collagens II and X. Furthermore, we show that mechanical loading in vitro rescues aspects of the development of collagens II and X from the effects of fetal immobility. In conclusion, our findings show that mechanical loading is a critical determinant of collagen network establishment during prenatal skeletal development.

Application of quantum key distribution in intelligent security operation and maintenance of power communication networks

With the continuous development of power communication network and the improvement of intelligent degree, network security and operation and maintenance become more and more important. Therefore, this paper proposes a solution for intelligent security operation and maintenance of power communication network based on Quantum key distribution (QKD). QKD is an encryption technology based on the principle of quantum mechanics, which can realize secure Key exchange and resist attacks of traditional encryption algorithms. We use QKD technology to generate and distribute security keys for protecting communication and data transmission in power communication networks. The results show that the efficiency and accuracy of communication data acquisition, transmission, analysis and processing of the Artificial Intelligence for IT Operations system of the power communication network using the power Internet of Things technology are far higher than that of the traditional operation and maintenance technology, which improves the operation and maintenance accuracy of the power communication network by about 25%. The intelligent operation and maintenance system of the power communication network designed by the author, it effectively improves the communication data processing capability and the reliability of operation and maintenance results, and can meet the current practical engineering application requirements. This study provides an innovative solution for the secure operation and maintenance of power communication networks, which is of great significance for protecting the security and stable operation of power communication networks.