Maintenance Of Historical Buildings Research Articles

Effects of an Isobutylene-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer on the Rheological Behavior and Early Hydration of Natural Hydraulic Lime.

Natural hydraulic lime (NHL) is a cementitious material widely used in the restoration of stone cultural relics and maintenance of historic buildings, the practical use of which is mainly hindered by its poor fluidity. Due to the multilayer (double-layer) adsorption that isobutylene–maleic anhydride (IBMA) has on the surface of NHL, the effects that IBMA copolymer have on the fluidity and hydration of NHL were thus investigated. Moreover, the yield stress and plastic viscosity of NHL pastes were found to be reduced significantly by the incorporation of IBMA. Combined with the effects of electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance, the flocculated structures in NHL pastes were gradually dismantled, releasing the trapped water and leading to a significant enhancement in the fluidity of NHL. IBMA was found to postpone the early hydration of NHL. In particular, it showed that adding specific content of IBMA can significantly improve the early strength of NHL.

Planning Concept of Lalebbata: Combining Heritage, Policy and Participation

Palopo City is a member of the Indonesian Heritage City Network (JKPI) and has been directed by the government as a Heritage City. Lalebbata is an important space in the history of Palopo City. In this area, the pulse of the economy, socio-culture and religiosity of the Palopo people begins. The intertwining of these three aspects is symbolized by the existence of the market – as the center of crowds, the Kedatuan Palace of Luwu and the Old Mosque of Palopo City. Lalebata as one of the historical areas needs efforts to be structured as an effort to revive activities in this area as well as as an effort to protect, including controlling the development of the area so as not to lose its historical identity. The Regional Regulation of the City of Palopo on Cultural Heritage mandates that the spatial pattern of the Cultural Conservation Area is stipulated in the Batupasi Sub-District. The management plan for this cultural heritage area includes the revitalization of cultural heritage, as well as the preservation and maintenance of historical buildings as well as being directed as a Trade and Service Allocation Area, particularly as a shopping center and public open space. This paper aims to produce a planning concept and arrangement of the Lalebbata Area in Batupasi as a Center of Heritage as well as a public space in Palopo City. The method used is a participatory approach to the residents living around the site, to explore potential and problems, as well as to review policies related to planning and arrangement that will be carried out. The result of this paper is the area planning concept by dividing the area into several functions such as commercial space, public and pedestrian space, green area/parks/sclupture, plaza, exhibition space and museum.

Strengthening of masonry rings with composite materials

The paper presents the results of experimental testing of six masonry rings built to technical scale and strengthened with CFRP strips and sheets and also with an FRCM system with PBO, glass, basalt and carbon fibers. The rings were subjected to tensile loads induced by four hydraulic jacks. The assumption is that the masonry rings are a representative simplification of domes, especially their structural support. Both single layered domes and ribbed domes are exposed to tensile stress in up to one third of their height.During the tests, the following information was collected: loads, displacements, strains of composites and failure modes. In some cases, an initial prestressing of reinforcements was carried out. Recommendations and limitations related to the use of the materials tested for reinforcing round, masonry structures under tensile stresses are discussed. The criterion for choosing the best solution was not only based on comparing the tensile strength of the reinforcement but also its stiffness. A strengthening efficiency index is proposed. The assessment of strengthening effectiveness was carried out, taking into account also heritage building conservation standards. Adopting the EF indicator as the criterion for assessing the effectiveness of reinforcement, it can be concluded that the application of the following methods should be considered in the structural maintenance of historical buildings: PBO mesh reinforcement in the PBO-FRCM system, carbon mesh reinforcement in the C-FRCM system and also basalt reinforcement in the B-FRCM system.

The Impression of Endowment on Urban Zone Formation and Protection and Maintenance of Historical Buildings, Case Study Aligholi Agha Complex

The Impression of Endowment on Urban Zone Formation and Protection and Maintenance of Historical Buildings, Case Study Aligholi Agha Complex

CARACTERIZAÇAO DE DANOS EM EDIFÍCIOS HISTÓRICOS: ESTUDO DE CASO EM QUATRO EDIFICAÇÕES DO MÉDIO OESTE DO RN

RESUMO: A conservação e manutenção das construções históricas é fundamental para transferência de conhecimento e perpetuação do patrimônio da sociedade. O estudo da patologia das edificações contribui para identificação dos mecanismos, causas e origens de problemas que afetem a vida útil dessas edificações. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar uma avaliação das manifestações patológicas nas edificações de importância história em municípios do Médio Oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Norte, situado no Nordeste brasileiro. Os procedimentos metodológicos empregados envolveram o levantamento da importância histórica e a inspeção in loco, feita com aplicação de Fichas de Identificação dos Danos, registro fotográficos e medições. A Matriz de Gravidade, Urgência e Tendência (GUT) foi utilizada para definir a prioridades nas intervenções futuras. Destacaram-se a ocorrência de: infiltrações; retração e expansão da alvenaria por absorção de água; retração e expansão por movimentação térmica; agentes biológicos e suas excreções; e ineficiência de elementos usados como verga. Como terapias sugeridas, indicam-se técnicas com selagem com resina epóxi ou uso de nata de cimento com consistência adequada nas fissuras, e para as manchas, degradação, descascamento e disgregação a remoção das partes afetadas e preparação do local para ser repintado ou aplicado novo revestimento. A ordem de priorização indicou a sequência de correções: substituição de madeiramento de cobertura, tratamento das fissuras, desagregação, disgregação, descascamento e manchas.
 ABSTRACT: The conservation and maintenance of historic buildings is essential for the transfer of knowledge and perpetuation of society's heritage. The study of the pathology of buildings contributes to the identification of mechanisms, causes and origins of problems that affect the useful life of these buildings. The objective of the work was to carry out an evaluation of the pathological manifestations in buildings of historical importance in cities in the Middle West of the state of Rio Grande do Norte, located in the Northeast of Brazil. The methodological procedures employed involved the survey of historical importance and on-site inspection, carried out with the application of Damage Identification Sheets, photographic records and measurements. The Gravity, Urgency and Tendency Matrix (GUT) was used to define priorities for future interventions. The occurrence of: infiltrations; masonry retraction and expansion by water absorption; retraction and expansion by thermal movement; biological agents and their excretions; and inefficiency of elements used as lintels. As suggested therapies, techniques with sealing with epoxy resin or use of cement cream with adequate consistency in the cracks are indicated, and for stains, degradation, peeling and disgregation the removal of the affected parts and preparation of the site to be repainted or applied again coating. The order of prioritization indicated the sequence of corrections: replacement of covering wood, treatment of cracks, disintegration, disgregation, peeling and stains.

BIM-based Cultural Heritage Asset Management Tool. Innovative Solution to Orient the Preservation and Valorization of Historic Buildings

ABSTRACT Digital technologies are more and more needed to give access to Cultural Heritage (CH) and to allow for their curation and re-use. For this reason, it is necessary to increase the knowledge on the CH building stock to support sustainable maintenance, preservation and revitalization strategies through the development of user-friendly asset management tools to support the decision-making process towards an affordable and feasible conservation strategy. The Asset Management tool described in this paper is a software solution used for condition assessment on–site and management of assets with embedded Building Information Model (BIM) software. The main aim of the tool is to leverage the existing data in BIM to expedite and enhance the quality of building inspections. The solution provides the possibility to not only asses the condition in a professional way, but also to optimize the conservation maintenance planning according to different ambition levels and needs. A well elaborated and used standard for Condition Assessment is integrated and tailored on Cultural Heritage within the framework of H2020-INCEPTION project. In this context, the CH Asset Management (CH AM tool) is regarded mainly within the framework of decision-making for restoration, conservation and maintenance of historic buildings.

Mechanical characterization of mortars used in the restoration of historical buildings: an operative atlas for maintenance and conservation

The complexity of the architectural and structural restoration of historical buildings requires a careful choice in the use of repair mortars compatible with the original materials of the existing building. It is important to set up an atlas of reference, compared to many mixtures of mortars and conglomerates, useful to support the operational choices in the project of restoration, recovery, and maintenance of historical buildings. The aim is also to encourage the use of local materials with a “short supply chain”, compatible with buildings and applied by traditional techniques. The research makes use of experimental bending, compression and elastic modulus tests on different mixtures of mortars. This paper describes some of the first results obtained so far, because the research is still underway for many different mixtures to test and catalogue. The comparison between the data and the reference values that will be identified, will lead to set up a reference atlas of mechanical behaviour of repair mortars in order to direct the design and operational choices in function of requirements and performance (of the wall systems) of each specific cases in the field of the restoration of historical buildings.

Minero-Petrographic Characterization of Chianocco Marble Employed for Palazzo Madama Façade in Turin (Northwest Italy)

The study of ancient marble plays an important role in the interpretation of historical and archaeological sites and gives interesting information about building materials used in ancient times and their trade routes. The present work focuses on Chianocco marble that represents one of the most important ancient white marbles for cultural heritage exploited in the Piedmont region (Northwest Italy) and employed for the Palazzo Madama façade. A multi-analytical study based on petrographic (optical and scanning electron microscopy), electron microprobe, cathodoluminescence and stable isotope analyses was carried out on these marbles in order to perform an archaeometric study. Chianocco marble was used in Turin during the baroque era by the Savoy architect Filippo Juvarra (1678–1736) in historical buildings, such as the façade of the Palazzo Madama, the plinth of the façade of the town Cathedral and the columns (now plastered) of the portico of Piazza San Carlo. This stone is a dolomitic rock belonging to the Mesozoic cover of the Dora Maira Massif (Pennidic Unit). It shows a vuggy fabric characterized by a vacuolar texture due to tectonic brecciation and subsequent selective dissolution during subaerial exposure. This kind of research is useful to highlight the importance of the use of local stones as building materials and to investigate stone materials for the restoration and maintenance of historical buildings.

Detection of reinforcement in the non-traditional building structures - historical statues

During restoration and maintenance of historical buildings, statues and sculptures are often neglected elements in the pre-construction condition surveys, especially in case they are not part of the supporting structure but only an ornamental and aesthetic complement of the architectural whole. The condition of a number of such artworks requires restoration or static assessment from the viewpoint of safety and durability. In the case of statues made of stone, artificial stone or concrete, an inseparable part of the pre-construction condition survey is determining the method of their reinforcement with steel elements, which is, considering the often complex spatial aspects of their surface, relatively complicated. The paper offers some possibilities of its solution on three examples. The diagnostic methods were proposed based on the authors’ workplace’s long-term experience with the diagnostics of reinforced concrete structures. During the past 10 years, about 1,000 such diagnostics have been performed. These experiences were subsequently experimentally applied to several historical sculptures with great success.

FROM POINT CLOUD TO BIM: A SURVEY OF EXISTING APPROACHES

Abstract. In order to handle more efficiently projects of restoration, documentation and maintenance of historical buildings, it is essential to rely on a 3D enriched model for the building. Today, the concept of Building Information Modelling (BIM) is widely adopted for the semantization of digital mockups and few research focused on the value of this concept in the field of cultural heritage. In addition historical buildings are already built, so it is necessary to develop a performing approach, based on a first step of building survey, to develop a semantically enriched digital model. For these reasons, this paper focuses on this chain starting with a point cloud and leading to the well-structured final BIM; and proposes an analysis and a survey of existing approaches on the topics of: acquisition, segmentation and BIM creation. It also, presents a critical analysis on the application of this chain in the field of cultural heritage.

Features youth hostels Loft USA

The article explores the experience of adaptation the industrial architecture in the tourist institutions for young people and stylistic features of loft by examples of youth hostels USA. Showing the problem of the architecture formation the tourist founding by the adaptation of industrial buildings and facilities into the youth hostels in Ukraine, providing efficient land use, and maintenance of historical buildings.

Reducing waste in timber procurement is critical to replacement of original wooden shingle roofs on heritage buildings at Norfolk Island

Summary Traditional timber cutting, recovery and installation processes used by loggers and builders on Norfolk Island are a major impediment to the continued and sustainable restoration and maintenance of historic buildings at the southern tip of the island. Sustainable restoration and maintenance is likely to be a contributing factor in the expected decision by UNESCO about whether the island is included on the World Heritage List.

The façades along the Cassaro in Palermo: historical-building characterization, degradation, restoration norms for interventions

The good-will to operate in the old town privileging the history and the maintenance of historic buildings, is manifest in this study on the Vittorio Emanuele monumental street, the foundation axis of Palermo, and it’s architectural degraded and disfigured fronts. The search concerning sixty civil buildings is based initially on a cognitive process that includes historical analysis, geometric and dimensional survey, investigation on constituent materials and decay systems, in relation to environmental or anthropic causes. The study includes a design proposal that, according to the individuality of cases, it would represent an intervention code about some recurrent critical aspects on which it’s possible to intervene only applying codified procedures. The proposed designs show so an application to concrete cases, not abdicating to involve physical and economic urban environment: the re-qualification of building materials and architectural language would respect the historical image without depressing the market demands.

Maintenance: From Philosophy to Practice

Even with increasing attention to issues of sustainability and despite being cited as a key element in approaches to building conservation, maintenance of historic buildings has received little academic study or practice-orientated development in the United Kingdom. European models of best practice have seldom been disseminated or emulated. Maintain our Heritage (MoH) is seeking to change this. It has developed a wide programme of research aimed at understanding current attitudes towards maintenance and exploring potential ways forward; and has undertaken a pilot maintenance service, the first of its kind in the United Kingdom, inspecting 73 listed buildings in the Bath area. This paper examines the results of the latter in the context of the former. It explains the genesis of the project, examines the constraints and opportunities encountered, and looks to the future. It also points to the need for a national maintenance strategy.

Philosophical Approach to Conservation of Buddhist Monastery in Thailand

The degree of repair and conservation of a historic building often creates controversy. Guidelines and principles in conservation such as international charters and manifestos of various conservation movements can generate inconclusive debates. A philosophical approach to conservation is based on the value given to the monument and site, since the aim of conservation is" ... the upkeep and maintenance of historic buildings and areas that merit care either due to their cultural significance or due to their social and economic values" (Jokilehto 1992: 109). It is obvious that we want to conserve what we value. Therefore, if the values of a historic monument are agreed upon, planning for its conservation should not create much argument.

Application of sonic and radar tests on the piers and walls of the Cathedral of Noto

The authors applied systematically sonic tests, radar tests and other diagnostic techniques on the remaining walls and piers of the Cathedral of Noto. The experimental survey was carried out by the Laboratory of the DIS, Politecnico of Milan (Person in Charge: Prof. Binda, Prof. Baronio) in collaboration with the designers (Ing. R. De Benedictis, Arch. S. Tringali) and the experts working on the reconstruction. The Prefettura of Siracusa founded the research. The right aisle and most of the dome of the Cathedral collapsed in 1996. The aim of the research was to verify the state of damage and the possibility of conservation of the walls and piers in view of the reconstruction of the damaged part of the Cathedral. Furthermore, the sonic tests were used to control the effect of grout injection used as a possible technique for repair of the damaged masonry (Proceedings of the Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Civil Structures and Materials, Boulder, Colorado; (1992) 329; Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Structural Faults and Repair, 3 (1995) 195). In the following the results will be reported and the reliability of the tests will be discussed as it was confirmed by the use of other complementary diagnosis techniques (Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Historical Buildings, STREMAH 99, Dresden, Germany, (1999) 323).

Protection Of Cultural Heritage In A ModernCity: The Case Of Belo Horizonte - Brazil

This paper is a case study about the maintenance of historical buildings in the city of Be10 Horizonte - Brazil. The authors discuss the management strategies adopted by the local government to protect the cultural heritage. The analyses are based in the toggle between groups interested in the economic-technological development of the city and the maintenance of architectural heritage. In this case, the strategies of management of the local government try to articulate the concepts of collective memory, identity and cultural citizenship to the economic efficiency. The results indicates dilemmas and challenges to the public management of historical buildings in developing countries.

6th International Conference STREMAH 99 Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Historical Buildings

BautechnikVolume 75, Issue 11 p. 956-956 Termine 6th International Conference STREMAH 99 Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Historical Buildings First published: 28 March 2013 https://doi.org/10.1002/bate.199806240AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume75, Issue11November 1998Pages 956-956 RelatedInformation

The Architectural Heritage of Campania: Protection from and Prevention of Seismic Hazards

This paper concerns the rehabilitation of historical buildings located in seismic areas, and is organized in two parts. The first part considers some of the new trends in the field of research in preservation and rehabilitation. These are elaborated in the following five-point summary: 1) Maintenance of historical buildings as an efficient means of minimizing damage from an earthquake. 2) Reduction of consolidation. The present-day policy is that of limiting “strengthening work” intervention in favor of “small and timely repairs.” 3) In-depth knowledge as a necessary premise to plan a rehabilitation project. 4) Re-evaluation of traditional techniques by incorporating modern materials 5) Preservation of the function and character of monuments in their changing life (use) and new technological needs. The second part of the paper describes examples of rehabilitation undertaken in the aftermath of the 1980 Irpinia earthquake.

The Evaluation Of Laser Cleaning Of StoneSculpture

A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser has been developed to clean polluted stone sculpture. Results are presented showing the controlled manner in which polluted layers are removed from the sculpture without damage to the underlying stone. The absorption of laser radiation at 1.06jam by a black encrustation has been shown to be three times that of a clean limestone surface. Measurements of the threshold laser fluence (energy density) for surface material removal show that there exists a range of fluence within which it is possible to clean the sculpture without damage to the stone surface. The amplitude of the shock pulse generated in air by the sudden ejection of material from the polluted surface has been monitored to show that as the stone is exposed the laser pulse has a negligible effect on the surface. INTRODUCTION The formation of unsightly and damaging black encrustations on stone monuments due to interaction with atmospheric pollution has become an all too familiar problem. Traditional cleaning techniques, such as particle abrasion and liquid jets, have often proved successful in restoring the outer appearance of a sculpture. However, by their very nature these techniques damage the underlying stone and often result in the loss of fine detail from a sculpture. Whilst working in Venice in 1972 it became apparent to Asmus and coworkers (Asmus [1]) that laser radiation is able to selectively vaporise layers of dirt from decaying marble sculpture. A Nd: YAG laser was later used in several conservation projects in Venice (Asmus et al [2,3,4]). However, at that time lasers were expensive and conventional cleaning techniques provided a more practical and affordable solution. At Loughborough, a Nd:YAG laser is being developed into a practical cleaning tool which can be used in a very precise and controlled manner to remove black encrustations from stone sculpture in various states of decay. Research has shown that a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser Transactions on the Built Environment vol 4, © 1993 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3509 260 Structural Repair and Maintenance of Historical Buildings (wavelength 1.06 jum, pulse length 20 ns) is the most suitable form of laser radiation for the cleaning of sculpture (Cooper [5]). The technique allows removal of the encrustation without damage to the patina of the stone in a way not possible using conventional techniques. This paper presents results which demonstrate the very controlled nature in which dirt is removed from the sculpture whilst preserving the state of the underlying stone. EXPERIMENTAL 1. Absorption of Laser Radiation at 1.06 |im by Clean and Polluted Stone A matt or rough surface reflects radiation diffusely. An ideal diffuse reflecting substance scatters the incident radiation according to I(obs) = I(o) cos(oc) cos(P) where I(o) is incident intensity I(obs) is reflected intensity a is angle of observation P is incident angle of radiation This gives rise to the circular distribution of reflected radiation seen in figure 1.