Maintenance Of Healthy Weight Research Articles

Implementing weight maintenance with existing staff and electronic health record tools in a primary care setting: Baseline results from the MAINTAIN PRIME trial

BackgroundThere is need for interventions that can assist with long-term maintenance of healthy body weight and be sustainably integrated into existing primary care teams. The goal of MAINTAIN PRIME (Promoting Real (World) IMplEmentation) is to evaluate whether a successful electronic health record (EHR)-based weight maintenance intervention can be adapted to a new clinical setting with primary care staff serving as coaches. MethodsEHR tools include tracking tools, standardized surveys, and standardized “SmartPhrases” for coaching. Inclusion criteria were age 18–75 years, voluntary 5% weight loss in the past 2 years with prior BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, and no bariatric procedures in past 2 years. Participants were randomized 1:1 to tailored online coaching with EHR tracking tools (coaching) or EHR tracking tools alone (tracking). ResultsWe screened 405 individuals between September 2021 and April 2023; 269 participants enrolled (134 coaching; 135 tracking). The most common reason for not enrolling was ineligibility (55%). At baseline, participants were 50.3 (SD 15.02) years old, 66.4% female, and 84% White; 83.7% reported moderate physical activity. Average weight and BMI at baseline were 205.0 (SD 48.9) lbs. and 33.2 (6.8) kg/m2, respectively. Participants lost an average of 10.7% (SD 5.2) of their body weight before enrolling. We recruited 39 primary care coaches over the same period.ConclusionThe study successfully identified and recruited primary care patients with recent intentional weight loss for participation in a weight maintenance program that uses EHR-based tools. We also successfully recruited and trained primary care staff as coaches.

Hungry brain: about the possible contribution of neurotrophic factors to anorexia nervosa

Introduction: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is an eating disorder characterized by restricted energy intake leading to weight loss below the healthy range. It is accompanied by anxiety and distorted body perception. While the disorder often manifests during adolescence, there is a noted decrease in the average age of onset, with an increasing number of cases in childhood. Successful treatment and maintenance of healthy body weight require an understanding of the complex etiology of AN, encompassing both psychosocial and specific biological factors. Material and methods: For the review, databases PubMed, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were utilized, searching for the following keywords: anorexia nervosa, neurotrophins, neurotrophin 3, neurotrophin 4, BDNF, nerve growth factor, from the inception of the databases until September 2023. Discussion: In the biological context, neurotrophic growth factors such as neurotrophin 3 (NT-3), neurotrophin 4 (NT-4), brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and nerve growth factor (NGF) may play a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of AN. These substances are involved in processes such as neuroprotection, proliferation, maturation, and survival of neurons in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. They regulate neuronal plasticity, impact the production of neurotransmitters, and control synaptic activity. BDNF and neurotrophin 3 influence the serotoninergic and noradrenergic systems, which may be associated with neurobiological processes responsible for anxiety and mood disorders. Conclusions: Understanding the role of neurotrophins in AN has the potential to lead to more effective and personalized therapies, enabling a better comprehension of the biological mechanisms of this disorder and the development of targeted pharmacological interventions. Keywords: anorexia nervosa, bdnf, neurotrophin 3, neurotrophin 4, nerve growth factor

Healthy weight loss maintenance with exercise, GLP-1 receptor agonist, or both combined followed by one year without treatment: a post-treatment analysis of a randomised placebo-controlled trial

New obesity medications result in large weight losses. However, long-term adherence in a real-world setting is challenging, and termination of obesity medication results in weight regain towards pre-treatment body weight. Therefore, we investigated whether weight loss and improved body composition are sustained better at 1year after termination of active treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, supervised exercise program, or both combined for 1 year. We conducted a post-treatment study in extension of a randomised, controlled trial in Copenhagen. Adults with obesity (aged 18-65 years and initial body mass index 32-43kg/m2) completed an eight-week low-calorie diet-induced weight loss of 13.1kg (week-8 to 0) and were randomly allocated (1:1:1:1) to one-year weight loss maintenance (week 0-52) with either supervised exercise, the GLP-1 receptor agonist once-daily subcutaneous liraglutide 3.0mg, the combination of exercise and liraglutide, or placebo. 166 Participants completed the weight loss maintenance phase. All randomised participants were invited to participate in the post-treatment study with outcome assessments one year after treatment termination, at week 104. The primary outcome of the post-treatment assessment was change in body weight from after the initial weight loss (at randomisation, week 0) to one year after treatment termination (week 104) in the intention-to-treat population. The secondary outcome was change in body-fat percentage (week 0-104). The study is registered with EudraCT, 2015-005585-32, and with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04122716. Between Dec 17, 2018, and Dec 17, 2020, 109 participants attended the post-treatment study. From randomisation to one year after termination of combined exercise and liraglutide treatment (week 0-104), participants had reduced body weight (-5.1kg [95% CI-10.0;-0.2]; P=0.040) and body-fat percentage (-2.3%-points [-4.3 to-0.3]; P=0.026) compared with after termination of liraglutide alone. More participants who had previously received combination treatment maintained a weight loss of at least 10% of initial body weight one year after treatment termination (week-8 to 104) compared with participants who had previously received placebo (odds ratio [OR] 7.2 [2.4; 21.3]) and liraglutide (OR 4.2 [1.6; 10.8]). More participants who had previously received supervised exercise maintained a weight loss of at least 10% compared with placebo (OR 3.7 [1.2; 11.1]). During the year after termination of treatment (week 52-104), weight regain was 6.0kg [2.1; 10.0] larger after termination of liraglutide compared with after termination of supervised exercise and 2.5kg [-1.5 to 6.5] compared with after termination of combination treatment. The addition of supervised exercise to obesity pharmacotherapy seems to improve healthy weight maintenance after treatment termination compared with treatment termination of obesity pharmacotherapy alone. Body weight and body composition were maintained one year after termination of supervised exercise, in contrast to weight regain after termination of treatment with obesity pharmacotherapy alone. Helsefonden and the Novo Nordisk Foundation.

Transition in metabolic health phenotypes across general adiposity categories and association with the risk of depression: a prospective analysis.

The association between obesity and depression may partly depend on the contextual metabolic health. The effect of change in metabolic health status over time on subsequent depression risk remains unclear. We aimed to assess the prospective association between metabolic health and its change over time and the risk of depression across body mass index (BMI) categories. Based on a nationally representative cohort, we included participants enrolled at the wave 2 (2004-2005) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing and with follow-up for depression at wave 8 (2016-2017). Participants were cross-classified by BMI categories and metabolic health (defined by the absence of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia) at baseline or its change over time (during waves 3-6). Logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of depression at follow-up stratified by BMI category and metabolic health status with adjustment for potential confounders. The risk of depression was increased for participants with metabolically healthy obesity compared with healthy nonobese participants, and the risk was highest for those with metabolically unhealthy obesity (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.18-2.20). Particularly hypertension and diabetes contribute most to the increased risk. The majority of metabolically healthy participants converted to unhealthy metabolic phenotype (50.1% of those with obesity over 8years), which was associated with an increased risk of depression. Participants who maintained metabolically healthy obesity were still at higher risk (1.99, 1.33-2.72), with the highest risk observed for those with stable unhealthy metabolic phenotypes. Obesity remains a risk factor for depression, independent of whether other metabolic risk factors are present or whether participants convert to unhealthy metabolic phenotypes over time. Long-term maintenance of metabolic health and healthy body weight may be beneficial for the population mental well-being.

Health status of childcare center providers in a COVID-19 hotspot.

Childcare center providers in Miami-Dade County, Florida a COVID-19 hotspot, are made up almost entirely of ethnic minority women. This is a critical frontline staff that is now encountering the triple threat of respiratory illnesses from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza viruses (or the seasonal flu), and COVID-19. To examine sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometrics, and health behaviors that were collected from a sample of CCC teachers in Miami Dade County, a COVID-19 hotspot. Cross-sectional data were used from Healthy Caregivers, Healthy Children (HC2), a randomized controlled intervention trial (#NCT02697565) for healthy weight maintenance among children 2-to-5 years old, conducted in 24 subsidized childcare centers in MDC in 2015-2018. Prevalence was determined by frequency or mean/standard deviation of each variable. Chi-squared analyses were performed to test for differences in BMI categories. In this sample of childcare center providers (n = 255), the majority (61%) had an elevated body mass index. Positive health behaviors such as regular exercise and eating fruits and vegetables were only reported in about a third of the sample. It is vital that we encourage the uptake of regular vaccination schedules as a means to protect our community, especially the critical frontline workers that have been caring for our young children.

How should we monitor marketing foods to children for their better eating habits?

Abstract There is unequivocal evidence that childhood obesity is influenced by marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages high in saturated fat, salt and/or free sugars (HFSS). Furthermore, there is convincing evidence that HFSS marketing in traditional media has detrimental effects on children's eating and eating-related behaviour, and HFSS marketing in digital media has similar effects with stronger effect in vulnerable groups. According to the WHO Commission on ending childhood obesity, efforts must be made to ensure that children everywhere are protected against the impact of marketing and given the opportunity to grow and develop in an enabling food environment - one that fosters and encourages healthy dietary choices and promotes the maintenance of healthy weight. Children are being continuously exposed to powerful food marketing, increasingly in the digital environment. Best-ReMaP partners were exploring how to better monitor food marketing and advertising activities, in particular of promotional activities targeted to and/or impacting children at one hand, and how could marketing activities could be better regulated. Main actions of Best-ReMaP consortium in this field were as following, among others: (1) to identify, develop and share best policy practices to reduce exposure of children to the (digital) marketing of unhealthy foods, (2) develop coordinated and comprehensive protocols and tools to monitor the extent and nature of (digital) marketing exposure of children, including the upgraded WHO nutrient profile model, and to (3) support Member States with the implementation of the new EU rules on audiovisual media services.

P11 Pooling the evidence: a review of swimming and atopic dermatitis

Abstract Swimming is an excellent form of aerobic exercise and is an essential life skill. Many children with atopic dermatitis (AD) are advised not to swim because of concerns about negative impacts on their skin disease, and some children with AD do not swim because they are self-conscious about the appearance of their skin. We aimed to review the available literature on swimming and AD and scientifically analyse the potential impact of all components of swimming in AD – water, skin barrier, swimming gear and exercise. Studies examined the impact of swimming on the skin barrier and relative contraindications to swimming. Constituents of water that may affect AD include hardness, pH, temperature, antiseptics and other chemicals. Potential interventions to reduce damage included emollient application, special swim gear, and showering post-submersion. The benefits of swimming as a form of exercise in AD included reduced sweating, cardiorespiratory fitness and maintenance of healthy weight. Drawbacks of swimming as a form of exercise in AD included the limited benefit on bone mineral density. Future research should examine the impact of swimming on flares of AD using noninvasive biomarkers as well as clinical severity assessment, and assess the role for different types of emollient as an intervention for optimal eczema control. Based on the review we provide new guidance on how to advise parents and children with AD regarding general measures, swim wear, and pool-side interventions to minimize any deleterious effect on skincare, and maximize opportunities to swim.

Effect of Health Education on Posture Practices Towards Reduction of Low Back Pain Among Patients in Rivers State

This study investigated the effect of health education on posture practices in reducing low back pain among patients in Rivers state, Nigeria. To achieve this, pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was employed, and the study targeted 170 patients at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. Two objectives having corresponding research questions and hypotheses guided the study, while convenience and stratified sampling techniques were used to select 50 participants, comprising 35 patients from the general outpatient clinic department and 15 patients from the spine physiotherapy unit, with 20 male and 30 female participants. Data collection was done by administering a self-structured, self-administered questionnaire, titled health education effect on ergonomic practices and low back pain, which had a reliability coefficient of 0.75. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to answer the research questions and test the hypotheses. The research found that educating patients on various methods of preventing low back pain, including healthy weight maintenance, warm-up exercises, and proper postural habits while sitting and standing, had a noteworthy impact on reducing pain. Moreover, the study also revealed that health education programmes were successful in therapeutic posture practices and reducing low back pain in patients residing in Rivers state. Therefore, the study concluded and recommended that health education interventions for functional and therapeutic posture practices are effective strategies for reducing low back pain among patients in Rivers state, and healthcare providers should incorporate these interventions into their treatment plans for patients suffering from low back pain.

Pooling the evidence: A review of swimming and atopic dermatitis.

Swimming is an excellent form of aerobic exercise and is an essential life skill. Many children with atopic dermatitis (AD) are advised not to swim because of concerns about negative impacts on their skin disease, and some children with AD do not swim because they are self-conscious about the appearance of their skin. We aimed to perform a narrative review of the available literature on swimming and AD and scientifically analyze the potential impact of all components of swimming in AD-water, skin barrier, swimming gear, and exercise. Studies examined the impact of swimming on the skin barrier and the relative contraindications to swimming. Constituents of water which may affect AD include hardness, pH, temperature, antiseptics, and other chemicals. Potential interventions to reduce damage included emollient application, special swim gear, and showering post-submersion. The benefits of swimming as a form of exercise in AD included reduced sweating, cardiorespiratory fitness, and maintenance of healthy weight. Drawbacks of swimming as a form of exercise in AD included the limited benefit on bone mineral density. Future research should examine the impact of swimming on flares of AD using noninvasive biomarkers as well as clinical severity assessment and assess the role for different types of emollient as an intervention for optimal eczema control. This review highlights gaps in the scientific literature on swimming and AD and provides evidence-based guidance on interventions to minimize deleterious effects on skincare and maximize opportunities for children with AD to swim.

Does an obesogenic family environment moderate the association between sports participation and body composition in children? The ENERGY project.

Previous research on the association between sports participation and body composition has shown mixed findings. The family home is considered one of the most influential environments on childhood obesity. Thus, the association between sports participation and body composition in children may be influenced by an obesogenic home environment. To investigate if an obesogenic family environment moderates the association between sports participation and body composition in children. A total of 3999 children (54% girls; 11.6 ± 0.7 years) and their parent(s) were included from the ENERGY project. A composite obesogenic family environment risk score was created from 10 questionnaire items. Height, weight (to calculate body mass index), and waist circumference were obtained by trained researchers and used as indicators of body composition. The composite risk score significantly moderated the association between sports participation and both waist circumference and body mass index. In children from families with moderate and high obesogenic risk, organized sports participation was significantly associated with smaller waist circumference (moderate risk: -0.29, 95% CI -0.45 to -0.14; high risk: -0.46, 95% CI -0.66 to -0.25) and lower body mass index (moderate risk: -0.10, 95% CI -0.16 to -0.04; high risk: -0.14, 95% CI -0.22 to -0.06), but not in children with a low obesogenic family risk score. Enrolling children in sports activities from an early age can be important for healthy weight maintenance, especially among children from obesogenic family environments.

Association between different metabolic phenotypes and the development of hypothyroidism: 9 years follow-up of Tehran thyroid study.

The association between metabolic phenotypes and thyroid function has not yet been established; therefore, this study examined whether different metabolic phenotypes are associated with the development of hypothyroidism. Study participants were selected from the Tehran Thyroid Study (TTS). A total of 3338 euthyroid adults were included and categorized into four obesity phenotype groups: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically healthy obese (MHO), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). The participants were assessed at baseline and during three follow-up studies at three-year intervals. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between metabolic phenotypes and the development of hypothyroidism. In the total population, the chi-square test was only significant (P=0.008) in 3rd year with a higher prevalence of hypothyroidism in the MUNW phenotype, followed by MHO, MUO, and MHNW. Moreover, in the 3rd and 9th years of follow-up, hypothyroidism was more prevalent in MUO only in male subjects (P=0.002 and 0.035, respectively). In the unadjusted model, the MHO phenotype increased the odds of hypothyroidism compared with the MHNW phenotype (OR=1.51; 95% CI=1.04, 2.18; P-value=0.031). After adjusting for confounding factors, the odds of hypothyroidism were higher in the MUNW (OR=1.86; 95% CI=1.17, 2.96; P-value=0.008), MHO (OR=1.71; 95% CI=1.09, 2.67; P-value=0.018), and MUO (OR=1.64; 95% CI=1.03, 2.62; P-value=0.036) phenotypes than in the MHNW group. The MUNW phenotype increased the risk of hypothyroidism compared to MHNW, only in males. However, in females, the MHO phenotype increased the risk of hypothyroidism compared to MHNW. Both obesity and metabolic abnormalities are associated with hyperthyroidism. Healthy metabolic and weight maintenance were associated with a lower risk of hypothyroidism in males and females.

PH-responsive and targeted delivery of chrysin via folic acid-functionalized mesoporous silica nanocarrier for breast cancer therapy

Cancer is a disease of global importance. In order to mitigate conventional chemotherapy-related side effects, phytochemicals with inherent anticancer efficacy have been opted. However, the use of nanotechnology is essential to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of these phytochemicals. Herein, we have formulated folic acid conjugated polyacrylic acid capped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (∼47.6 nm in diameter) for pH-dependent targeted delivery of chrysin to breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Chrysin loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles (Chr- mSiO2@PAA/FA) have been noted to induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through oxidative insult and mitochondrial dysfunction with subsequent G1 arrest. Further, in tumor bearing mice, intravenous incorporation of Chr-mSiO2@PAA/FA has been noticed to enhance the anti-neoplastic effects of chrysin via tumor site-specific accumulation. Enhanced cytotoxicity of chrysin contributed towards in vivo tumor regression, restoration of normalized tissue architecture and maintenance of healthy body weight. Besides, no serious systemic toxicity was manifested in response to Chr-mSiO2@PAA/FA administration in vivo. Thus, the study evokes about the anticancer potentiality of chrysin and its increased therapeutic activity via incorporation into folic acid conjugated mesoporous silica nanoparticles, which may hold greater impact in field of future biomedical research.

Deletion of the Alzheimer's disease risk gene Abi3 locus results in obesity and systemic metabolic disruption in mice.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetics studies have identified a coding variant within ABI3 gene that increases the risk of developing AD. Recently, we demonstrated that deletion of the Abi3 gene locus dramatically exacerbates AD neuropathology in a transgenic mouse model of amyloidosis. In the course of this AD project, we unexpectedly found that deletion of the Abi3 gene locus resulted in a dramatic obese phenotype in non-transgenic mice. Here, we report our investigation into this serendipitous metabolic finding. Specifically, we demonstrate that mice with deletion of the Abi3 gene locus (Abi3-/- ) have dramatically increased body weight and body fat. Further, we determined that Abi3-/- mice have impaired energy expenditure. Additionally, we found that deletion of the Abi3 gene locus altered gene expression within the hypothalamus, particularly within immune-related pathways. Subsequent immunohistological analysis of the central nervous system (CNS) revealed that microglia number and area were decreased specifically within the mediobasal hypothalamus of Abi3-/- mice. Altogether, this investigation establishes the functional importance of the Abi3 gene locus in the regulation of systemic metabolism and maintenance of healthy body weight. While our previous findings indicated the importance of Abi3 in neurodegeneration, this study indicates that Abi3 related functions are also essential for metabolic regulation.

Impact of Rehabilitation Nutrition and Healthy Weight Maintenance in Motor-Complete Tetraplegia Patients.

Cachexia and low muscle mass in motor-complete tetraplegia are associated with poor outcomes. This study aimed to document anthropometric, body composition, and nutritional indices in patients and to assess the effect of a comprehensive rehabilitation nutrition program in cachexia and low muscle mass. For 34 motor-complete tetraplegia in the subacute phase, a comprehensive rehabilitation nutrition program was provided for 8 to 9 weeks. Risk of malnutrition, anthropometric and body composition indices, as well as laboratory tests were assessed upon admission and at discharge. A body mass index of less than 20.2 kg/m2 was used as the cut-off value for obesity. Upon admission, 73.5% of patients were classified as obese, half were at risk of malnutrition, and 29.4% were compatible with cachexia. Compared to the premorbid state, the non-obese group showed greater weight reduction (p < 0.01) and higher prevalence of low muscle mass (p = 0.004) than the obese group. Disease duration was different between groups (p < 0.01). After rehabilitation, malnutrition risk, protein levels, and hemodynamic results improved in both groups (p < 0.05). A significant time × group interaction was observed for muscle mass, skeletal muscle mass, and appendicular lean mass index (p < 0.05). Muscle mass was maintained while fat components increased in both groups. Functional improvement was negatively correlated with an increase in fat components (p < 0.05). A personalized rehabilitation nutrition intervention improved the nutritional status, body composition, and functional outcomes in motor-complete tetraplegia. The increase in muscle mass was associated with functional gain; healthy weight gain or maintenance may improve the level of independence. Further studies to endorse this beneficial evidence of rehabilitation nutrition in the maintenance of muscle component are needed.

Change in craving and frequency of consuming palatable foods for non-homeostatic motives after a gut-cued eating intervention

IntroductionLittle is known regarding consumption of palatable foods (PFs) for non-homeostatic reasons after weight-loss interventions and if baseline or change in frequency of this kind of eating can predict weight-loss outcomes. Little is also known of the relationship between PF eating for non-homeostatic motives and PF craving. Addressing these gaps is important because cravings and habitual consumption of PFs in the absence of homeostatic need contribute to obesity. MethodsN = 30 adults with a mean 34.8 BMI completed a seven-response choice version of the PEMS (PEMS-7) before and after Gut-Cued Eating (GCE), an intervention that did not ban PFs but instructed them to eat only when stomach-hungry and stop eating before feeling too full. Photos of PFs were also rated pre- and post-GCE. ResultsFrequency of eating PFs for social, reward enhancement, and coping, but not conformity motives, decreased after GCE. The decreases predicted amount of weight loss independent of initial weight and demographics. PF craving also decreased and, while correlated with decreasing PF intake, it did not predict weight loss. DiscussionThe study is preliminary because GCE was uncontrolled. However, results warrant a controlled investigation. That craving and frequency of consuming PFs for non-homeostatic motives declined with an intervention that did not ban PFs suggests a method that may voluntarily decrease one's intake of PFs. This should facilitate weight-loss and healthy-weight maintenance. Finally, decreased eating for non-homeostatic motives suggests that individuals were no longer using PFs to cope, socialize, and enhance reward, a change with benefits beyond weight loss.

Associations Between Perceived Changes in Eating, Weight, and Perceived Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Adults in Puerto Rico: Assessments of Puerto Rico-CEAL

ObjectivesTo examine the associations between changes in eating, weight, and perceived health during the COVID-19 pandemic among adults in Puerto Rico. MethodsThis analysis used cross-sectional data from the Puerto Rico-Community Alliance Against COVID-19 Disparities (CEAL) study. Individuals were adult men and women (n = 551; ≥18 y) who completed an online survey from December 30, 2021, to January 28, 2022. Two items assessed perceived changes in eating and weight throughout the pandemic (from March 2020 to survey completion). Response options were ‘increased’, ‘decreased’, and ‘no change’. Two other items assessed overall perceived health, one pre-pandemic (asked retrospectively) and one pandemic (current). Response options were on a five-point scale: excellent-poor. Changes in perceived health were calculated and categorized as decrease, increase, and no change. Adjusted Poisson models with robust error variance estimated prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), using those reporting no change as the reference group. ResultsEligible respondents with complete data on study variables (n = 496) were on average 38 ± 14 y and 73.4% were women. Overall, 55.6% had no change in perceived health during the COVID-19 pandemic, whereas 36.7% experienced a decrease and 7.5% an increase. In adjusted models, individuals reporting an increase in eating (vs. no change) were more likely to experience a decrease in perceived health (PR = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.24, 2.05). Individuals reporting an increase in weight (vs. no change) and a decrease in weight (vs. no change) were more likely to experience a decrease in perceived health (PR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.29, 2.28; and PR = 1.70, 95% CI = 1.17, 2.48; respectively). No significant associations were observed for changes in weight and eating and increases in perceived health. ConclusionsOver a third of adults in Puerto Rico reported decreases in perceived health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increases in eating and changes in weight during the pandemic were associated with a decrease in perceived health. Interventions and public health campaigns on the island need to address negative eating behaviors and promote healthy weight maintenance during public health emergencies to preserve the population’s health. Funding SourcesPuerto Rico-CEAL was funded by NIH-NHLBI.

Weight Change and Incident Distal Colorectal Adenoma Risk in the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial.

BackgroundAlthough obesity is a known risk factor, the impact of weight change on colorectal adenoma risk is less clear and could have important implications in disease prevention. We prospectively evaluated weight change in adulthood and incident colorectal adenoma.MethodsWe assessed weight change during early-late (age 20 years to baseline, ie, ages 55-74 years), early-middle (20-50 years), and middle-late (50 years-baseline) adulthood using self-reported weight data in relation to incident distal adenoma in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (cases = 1053; controls = 16 576). For each period, we defined stable weight as greater than −0.5 kg to less than or equal to 1 kg/5 years, weight loss as less than or equal to −0.5 kg/5 years, and weight gain as greater than 1-2, greater than 2-3, or greater than 3 kg/5 years. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using logistic regression; all tests were 2-sided.ResultsCompared with stable weight, weight loss during early-late adulthood was associated with reduced adenoma risk (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.34 to 0.86), particularly among those who were overweight or obese at age 20 years (OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.84). Results were similar for early-middle adulthood but less pronounced for middle-late adulthood. Weight gain greater than 3 kg/5 years during early-late adulthood was associated with increased risk (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.58, Ptrend < .001). Findings appeared stronger among men (OR for >3 kg/5 years = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.80) than women (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.79 to 1.50, Pinteraction = .21).ConclusionsWeight loss in adulthood was associated with reduced adenoma risk, particularly for those who were overweight or obese, whereas weight gain greater than 3 kg/5 years increased risk. Findings underscore the importance of healthy weight maintenance throughout adulthood in preventing colorectal adenoma.

Pre-Liver Transplant Patient Perspective on Weight and Activity Level

Introduction: In liver transplantation, obesity associated comorbidities increase peri-procedural and post-transplant complications. While the importance of physical conditioning pre-transplant is recognized, patient perspectives on weight and health maintenance are not known. In this study, we assessed patient perceptions of current weight and perceived needs for healthy weight and activity maintenance while on the transplant waitlist.

Association between nutrition knowledge, lifestyle, dietary practices and nutritional status among civil servants in western Nigeria

Nutrition knowledge plays a crucial role in promoting healthier eating practices, leading to the maintenance of healthy body weight. This is because knowledge of dietary guidelines and healthy eating habits among adults has been positively correlated. However, in terms of dietary habits, presumptions that the supposed civil servants in some parts of Western Nigeria are knowledgeable about basic dietary practices are yet to be explored. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the nutrition knowledge, lifestyle, dietary practices, and nutritional status among men and women civil servants in Ado, Ekiti State, Nigeria. A structured interviewer questionnaire was administered to civil servants (180 male and 220 female elderly respondents, &lt;60years old) to collect data on economic and socio-demographic characteristics, nutrition knowledge, lifestyle, and dietary habits. Anthropometric measurements were also taken. The quantitative were coded, collated, and analyzed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize data from categorical variables. Chi-square test, at a 5% confidence level, was used to establish any significant relationship between food intake parameters and nutrition knowledge. Most of the respondents (66.7%) were affected by the delayed payment of their monthly salaries. The total knowledge scores revealed that 13.25%, 41.25% and 45.50% of the respondents had poor, fair and good nutrition knowledge, respectively. Unfortunately, this higher nutrition knowledge does not translate into good dietary habits. Data obtained revealed bad eating habits, as a more significant percentage of the respondents regularly ate high-fat foods (99.5%), ate outside the home (85.3%) and did not take vegetables (83.3%) nor fruits (60%) daily. There exists, however, a significant and positive relationship between nutrition knowledge and physical activity (P=0.043), high-fat foods consumption (P&lt;0.001), daily fruits consumption (P&lt;0.001) and vegetable consumption (P&lt;0.001). In conclusion, the discrepancy between the respondents' high nutrition knowledge and their seemingly poor lifestyle and dietary behaviour show that nutrition knowledge alone does not translate into good dietary behaviour.

Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitors &amp; Weight Gain in Children with Perinatal HIV

Background: In the past, HIV infection was associated with weight loss due to metabolic wasting. Now with early initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) an increasing number of patients are being classified as overweight/ obese both prior to initiation and during the course of ART. Certain integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) have been associated with weight gain in the adult population, but data in the pediatric population is lacking. This study explores the association of ART with an INSTI backbone and changes in weight and body mass index (BMI) in children with perinatal HIV who are followed in the HIV clinic at Riley Hospital.&#x0D; Methods: We performed a retrospective review of 59 patients with perinatally acquired HIV from 2016 to 2021. Weight, BMI, z-score, blood pressure (BP) percentiles, and lipid panels were recorded from the patients’ most recent visit. BMI and BP percentiles were compared between patients on Bictegravir, Dolutegravir, and Elvitegravir. For patients currently on an INSTI-backbone ART regimen, BMI was compared before and up to 5 years after INSTI initiation.&#x0D; Results: In our cross-sectional analysis between patients on Bictegravir, Dolutegravir, and Elvitegravir there was no significant difference in BMI (p=0.859), systolic BP percentile (p=0.188), or diastolic BP percentile (p=0.541). In our longitudinal analysis, we observed a significant increase in BMI over 3 years compared to pre-INSTI initiation (p=0.049). In addition, we observed an upwards trend with patients on Bictegravir (p=0.094) and Elvitegravir (p=0.121).&#x0D; Conclusion/Impact: Our study suggests that ART regimens with an INSTI backbone are associated with greater increases in BMIs. Our study is limited by a small n, but provides pilot data to direct future studies. It also illustrates that emphasis on healthy body weight maintenance may be necessary when patients are placed on ART regimens with INSTI backbones.