Maintenance Of Dental Health Research Articles

Bleaching of non-vital teeth, five-year follow-up: case reports

In 2009, a study was conducted for the purpose of comparing the effectiveness of two bleaching agents: sodium perborate and 37% carbamideperoxide gel. Thirteen patients diagnosed with “non-vital teeth with traumatic dyschromias” were treated at the Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo School of Dentistry, Dominican Republic. The findings showed that both bleaching agents were effective; however, 37% carbamideperoxide worked more rapidly and was easier to administer. Because it comes in individualised pre-measured syringes, the gel is immediately ready for application, thereby giving patients the results they desire in a considerably shorter amount of time. After five years, the 13patients previously treated with the non-vital dental bleaching products were recalled to be re-evaluated for possible reversal of tooth discolouration and the development of cervical resorption. Only four patients came to this follow-up dental visit. In all four of the patients’ radiographic findings, there was a complete absence of external cervical resorption. Three of the patients had reversal of tooth discolouration; however, for one patient there were no observable dyschromias. Regardless of the bleaching agent used, if the patient had poor final dental restoration(s) post-bleaching procedure and a lifestyle counter to the maintenance of proper dental health (i.e. smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, and excessive simple sugar consumption), the dyschromias tended to return.

Rapid Detection of Fluoride in Potable Water

The development of rapid, efficient and inexpensive methods for the detection of fluoride in potable water, has been gaining significant attention in the recent years, particularly in the developing countries. Fluoride, which is known to have antimicrobial properties, plays a significant role in human health. Fluoride helps in treating Osteoporosis and also has many beneficial effects in the maintenance of dental health. Fluoride is an additive in most of the toothpastes that are commercially available. Fluoride is also added to drinking water in limited concentrations owing to its properties in preventing and controlling dental Caries. The recommended level of fluoride in drinking water is 1.5 mg/L as directed by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, an increase in fluoride concentration above this level leads to dental and skeletal fluorosis. Excess exposure to fluoride is also known to induce many endocrine effects such as decreased thyroid function and Type II diabetes. Hence, fluoride levels in drinking water have to be regularly monitored and precautions need to be taken to control the increased levels of fluoride in drinking water. In view of the need for a simple cost effective method for the detection of fluoride ion, we considered the unique chemistry of fluoride ion towards the silyl ethers. The highly electronegative fluoride ion has been widely used to remove the silyl protective group from silyl ethers. In order to use this unique character of the reaction, we have synthesized a new water soluble colorless chemical sensor 7-O-tert.Butyldiphenylsilyl-4-methylcoumarin (SiC), which upon interaction with fluoride ions in water, releases fluorescent molecules that impart blue fluorescence to the solution. The blue fluorescence can be observed using simple hand held ultraviolet (UV) lamps. For quantification, the resultant fluorescence can be measured using simple and portable battery operated optical readers. SiC is extremely sensitive to fluoride and our results indicate that fluoride concentrations as low as 1 mmol/L can be accurately detected within a few seconds. This method is quite simple and rapid compared to the conventional methodologies. This method doesn’t warrant any special training and can be used by any unskilled person on site at the source of water and can also be easily incorporated into any multiplexed detection system. Figure 1

STUDY OF DENTAL STATUS IN ATHLETES OF PERM KRAI GOING FOR FORCE NONCONTACT KINDS OF SPORT

Aim. To assess the dental status of force athletes in Perm Krai and develop the method of prevention of dental system (DS) pathology in this category of patients. Materials and methods. The dental study of 30 athletes with different training level, who are going in for noncontact kinds of sport, was performed. At the stage 1 (preclinical), questionnaire design of the participants of the study using the developed specific questionnaire was carried out. At the stage 2 (clinical), dental status of patients was assessed. Results. The survey results showed that 35,7 % of interviewed patients were aware of the possibility of aggravation of dental pathological processes when going in for force noncontact kinds of sport, 78,6 % of athletes knew about the necessity of using sport kapps during sport training, but only 7 % applied them constantly. It was determined when estimating the dental status of athletes that a mean value of KPU index was 9,9 ± 5,46, but CPITN - 2 ± 0,67. Noncarious injuries of the teeth were observed in 60 % of the examined athletes. Conclusions. It was determined by the results of the conducted study that it is necessary to work out a complex of measures promoting maintenance of dental health in this category of patients, to introduce programs for prevention of dental diseases among athletes and to develop a new design of individual sport dental splint taking into account all the parameters of dental system and specific character of sport.

Factors associated with dental caries in children aged 4-6 years old

ABSTRACTDental caries is one of the dental health problems. Dental caries are formed because there was leftover food that sticks to the teeth, which eventually lead to tooth calcification. Impact, teeth become brittle, hollow, even broken.Dental caries experience a loss of power to make a child chewing and digestive disruption, which resulted in growth of less than the maximum. This study aims to determine the relationship of parents’ behavior towards the maintenance of dental health of children (feeding habits sweet, sticky and drinking milk, teeth maintenance, inspection tooth and mouth) with dental caries in the TK R.A Bustanussholihin in Balun village Turi District of Lamongan. This study Analytics whose data is collected with a cross sectional sample of kindergarten children aged 4–6 years with a total sample of 49 children. The collection of primary data through interviews parents TK R.A Bustanussholihin student using questionnaires and secondary data obtained from the agency are in the region of the profile data TK R.A Bustanussholihin in Balun Village of Turi District of Lamongan. This study used a correlation coefficient of contingency. Based on the results of the contingency coefficient correlation test showed that the factors that have a strong relationship is the habit of feeding the sweet, sticky, and drink milk with a value of P = 0.504. While the factors that have a weak link is the habit of maintaining dental hygiene habits of children and child oral examination . From this study it can be concluded that there is a relationship or a strong correlation between feeding habits sweet, sticky and drinking milk with the incidence of dental caries in children aged 4–6. So as to prevent dental caries severity we need to hold counseling on feeding sweet, soft and gooey on the effect of dental caries as well as how it should be formula feeding or breast milk to the child to prevent rampant caries.Keywords: dental caries, sweetened food, children aged 4–6 years

Factors associated with dental caries in children aged 4-6 years old

ABSTRACTDental caries is one of the dental health problems. Dental caries are formed because there was leftover food that sticks to the teeth, which eventually lead to tooth calcification. Impact, teeth become brittle, hollow, even broken.Dental caries experience a loss of power to make a child chewing and digestive disruption, which resulted in growth of less than the maximum. This study aims to determine the relationship of parents’ behavior towards the maintenance of dental health of children (feeding habits sweet, sticky and drinking milk, teeth maintenance, inspection tooth and mouth) with dental caries in the TK R.A Bustanussholihin in Balun village Turi District of Lamongan. This study Analytics whose data is collected with a cross sectional sample of kindergarten children aged 4–6 years with a total sample of 49 children. The collection of primary data through interviews parents TK R.A Bustanussholihin student using questionnaires and secondary data obtained from the agency are in the region of the profile data TK R.A Bustanussholihin in Balun Village of Turi District of Lamongan. This study used a correlation coefficient of contingency. Based on the results of the contingency coefficient correlation test showed that the factors that have a strong relationship is the habit of feeding the sweet, sticky, and drink milk with a value of P = 0.504. While the factors that have a weak link is the habit of maintaining dental hygiene habits of children and child oral examination . From this study it can be concluded that there is a relationship or a strong correlation between feeding habits sweet, sticky and drinking milk with the incidence of dental caries in children aged 4–6. So as to prevent dental caries severity we need to hold counseling on feeding sweet, soft and gooey on the effect of dental caries as well as how it should be formula feeding or breast milk to the child to prevent rampant caries.Keywords: dental caries, sweetened food, children aged 4–6 years

Comparative Study of the Plaque Removal Efficacy of Three Types of Toothbrushes in Patients with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Introduction: Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances have a challenging oral hygiene situation because brackets tenaciously trap food and other oral debris. Good plaque control is an important factor in the maintenance of dental health during fixed appliance therapy. Many different types of specially designed toothbrushes have been developed in recent years in order to improve the plaque removal. One of these new developments is a manual triple headed brush which is called 'superbrush' which is intended to clean the oral, buccal and occlusal surfaces of the teeth at one time. A clinical study was planned to evaluate the effectiveness of plaque removal by using the new triple headed toothbrush compared to the conventional manual toothbrush and an orthodontic toothbrush. Methods: A total of 75 patients, aged between 18 and 28 years, were equally divided into three groups: Group I (triple headed toothbrush), group II (orthodontic toothbrush) and group III (conventional toothbrush). The gingival index (Loe and Silness, 1963) and plaque index (Turesky Gilmore and Glickman, 1962) were recorded at baseline, month 1, month 2, month 3 and month 4, and results were subjected to statistical analysis utilizing ANOVA one way and multiple comparison Tukey’s HSD test. Results: Comparison of the mean gingival and plaque index scores and difference in mean plaque scores between the groups was done and found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study indicated that the triple headed toothbrush was more efficient in reduction of plaque scores and improvement in gingival index scores overall, and more effective in removal of plaque from tooth surfaces compared to the other two toothbrushes.

An introduction to probiotics for dental health

The maintenance of dental health relies on the physical removal of dental plaque in conjunction with dentifrices and mouthwashes which may be augmented with antibacterial compounds. Although the development and successful deployment of such products will undoubtedly remain an intrinsic part of effective dental hygiene regimes, research into the potential efficacy of live bacterial supplements or probiotics has increased over the past decade. In 2008, the UK launch of a probiotic lozenge containing active Lactobacillus reuteri and accreditation by the British Dental Health Foundation represent firsts for an oral health product of this type. The oral cavity rivals the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in terms of microbial diversity and, as with the GIT, the presence and activities of bacteria in the oral cavity have major implications for host health, both locally and, in some cases, systemically. The oral cavity, however, fundamentally differs from the GIT, both anatomically and microbiologically. For example, controlled acidification through bacterial fermentation is viewed as a desirable process in the colon and promoted by intestinal proand prebiotics; however, similar processes have been implicated in enamel demineralisation and dental caries in the mouth. A nuanced approach to the selection of suitable probiotic strains is therefore required. This article aims to introduce the concept of dental probiosis and considers current evidence and future potential in the context of the composition, activities and health implications of the oral microbiota.

Fluid for thought: availability of drinks in primary and secondary schools in Cardiff, UK.

While adequate hydration is undoubtedly essential for health, well-being, performance and learning, it is important to recognize that drinks may also have significant detrimental effects on both general and dental health. Since, on weekdays, at least half of a child's recommended daily fluid intake must be imbibed at school, this study sought to examine the provision of drinks in that setting. A self-administered postal questionnaire study was sent to the head teachers of all 107 state primary and all 20 state secondary schools in Cardiff, South Wales, UK. A response rate of 81.9% was achieved. Children had access to fresh drinking water from at least one drinking fountain in 69 (66.4%) of the 104 schools who responded to the questionnaire. Milk was available in 69 (80.2%) of the 86 responding primary schools. Sixteen (88.9%) of the 18 responding secondary schools had drink vending machines selling a variety of drinks. While primary schools appear largely to restrict the availability of drinks to those conducive to the maintenance of good general and dental health, secondary schools appear to foster the use of vending machines. Guidelines should be developed on the use and content of vending machines in schools in order to both meet school objectives and promote healthy choices.

Saliva: its secretion, composition and functions.

The secretions of the major and minor salivary glands, together with the gingival crevicular fluid, constitute the oral fluid or whole saliva which provides the chemical milieu of the teeth and oral soft tissues. The crucial role of saliva in the maintenance of dental health is demonstrated by the morbidity associated with loss of salivary gland function. In this article, the physiology of the secretory process, the reflex control of whole saliva flow rate, the composition of the fluid, the factors affecting its composition, and the functions of the organic and inorganic components are described. Finally, the clinical aspects of salivary gland dysfunction are briefly discussed.

Trends in Oral Health in the Aging Population

Increased survival of the natural dentition, persistence of periodontal disease, deterioration of prior dental restorations, root surface caries, and continued incidence of oral cancer represent a complex of emerging oral health problems of the aged in the United States. Additional data on the epidemiology of oral mucous membrane syndromes will help to characterize the prevalence of these diseases in the aging population as well. Improvement in the utilization and accessibility of dental services by the aging cohorts will contribute to the prevention of oral disease in the future. Combined with the substantial growth in the size of this cohort of the population and alterations in the prevalence of these oral health status indicators, changes in the need for and projected utilization of professional oral health services can continue to be anticipated. Clinical research directed toward assessment of efficacy of treatment modalities for prevention of dental disease and maintenance of dental health are essential for the projection of dental health manpower needs for the future. This should also lead to the development of appropriate academic and training programs to meet the changing needs of the elderly.

Genetics and oral health.

AbstractGenetic factors determine the potential of the final morphology of the teeth and jaws, and of the primary and secondary palates, the resistance to caries, and the composition of heritable components of saliva. Recent developments in chromosome analysis have augmented the interpretation of some genetic factors in dentistry, and have expanded concepts of simple Mendelian genetics, and of polygenic inheritance. This paper reviews some significant examples of monogenically‐determined dental disease, presents a check‐list of chromosome abnormalities with their related oro‐dental anomalies, and discusses the influence of polygenetically‐determined conditions in the maintenance of dental health.

Dietary Recommendations for the Maintenance of Dental Health

Dietary Recommendations for the Maintenance of Dental Health

Behavioral Management of the Mentally Retarded

The terms “handicapped child” and “mental retardation” stir a wide variety of negative emotions in different individuals, most of which are not justified. For the dental profession to properly manage handicapped individuals empathy is needed —an understanding of how much they are like “normal” people and an understanding of the conditions with which they present to you the dental practitioner. The practitioner's goals should be: (1) To secure the friendship, confidence, and trust of the patient. (2) To educate individuals to accept dental treatment in a pleasant frame of mind. (3) Maintenance of good oral dental health. These goals can best be accomplished if you: (1) Understand the growth and development characteristics of the child. (2) Understand that every child, normal or mentally retarded, presents unique individual personalities, emotional states and fears. (3) Know in advance what you wish to accomplish. (4) Do not lie to the child. (5) Do not keep the child waiting. (6) Keep instrumentation to a minimum. (7) Flattery and rewards are appropriate for the individual child and are valuable aids in modifying the child's negative behavior and in promoting more positive behavior. (8) Be firm and friendly but maintain authority. (9) Beware of parental and sibling influences on the child's fears. (10) See the world as the child sees it and at his individual level of intelligence and comprehension (empathy). Providing dental care for handicapped individuals can be a challenging and demanding exercise, particularly in the area of human relations. The core of the proper approach to management must be the feeling on the part of the dentist, as well as the parents, that dental care for the mentally retarded is a normal, healthy, and vital experience for his mental and emotional development, as well as for his physical well-being. The key to making the situation as mild and easy as possible for both the operator and the individual is proper preparation. A child's pediatrician or family physician is the most reliable source of information, along with the health history; however, the dentist who treats handicapped and mentally retarded individuals should also become aware of and familiar with associated health problems. This is extremely necessary so as to enable the practitioner to better understand the unfamiliar patient reactions with which he might be confronted. If one is familiar with what to look for, one can take precautions and approaches to make the task more simple by preventing many of the problems that confront inexperienced and unknowledgeable practitioners. If one takes precautions and approaches the task with a proper frame of mind, these unfortunate individuals will not appear to be little monsters, but will become a new and rewarding challenge.

Relationship of dentistry to cardiology

Few people possess and maintain excellent oral hygiene at all times. Thus, it is to be expected that most patients with heart disease have unmet dental needs. In such patients, dental care should be obtained as early as possible. The patient should not be permitted to wait until the cardiac disease has become so serious that dental procedures which would have been innocuous earlier have become hazardous. The cardiologist should insist that the patient with heart disease maintain an excellent state of oral hygiene and dental health. The cardiologist knows the natural history of cardiac disease. He knows, for example, that a patient with coronary artery disease may develop a myocardial infarct at any time. If good dental care is obtained before the development of the myocardial infarct, continued maintenance of dental health should not be difficult. However, if dental problems are allowed to accumulate, restoration of dental health may be impossible. Most dental diseases are curable and should be attended to early when the cardiologist and dentist can elect the proper time and procedures rather than later when they are compelled to institute compromise therapy under adverse medical and dental circumstances and when the dental disease is irreversible.

Relative significance of cellular and chemical remodeling of bones and teeth as revealed by radioactive isotopes

This presentation has dealt with the basic similarities and differences between skeletal and dental hard tissues. The structural basis for the biologic behavior peculiar to these various hard tissues has been discussed in the light of recent information gained from radioactive isotope studies. Teeth normally tend to be protected from the cellular type of remodeling to which bone is physiologically subjected in connection with functional adaptation and calcium withdrawal. However, teeth appear to share with bone a process of exchange or turnover of the chemical building blocks. Furthermore, the teeth are subject to a two-way traffic of various ions, both from within outward and from without inward. It is suggested that the relationship between the saliva and the enamel is similar in kind, even though not in magnitude, to that existing between connective tissue fluid and the other hard tissues-bone, cementum, and dentine. The possibility of withdrawal of ions after eruption has been suggested. In this connection, research on the teeth has been neglected as compared to research on bone, because the dental hard structures contribute, relatively little to the metabolic pool. However, the similarity in submicroscopic structure and microchemical composition between bones and teeth suggests that both are involved in metabolic interrelationship between tissue fluids and hard tissues. The significance of these interrelationships in the maintenance of dental health and in the susceptibility to dental pathology requires further study.

Restorative dentistry—Its place in mid-twentieth century practice

In summing up the results of this review, it would seem that restorative dentistry today can show as assets that it is contributing to a major degree in the maintenance of public dental health with service which is progressively more functional, more conservative, more esthetic, more durable, and more painless than ever before. Further, it provides a clinical proving ground for the results of the findings of pure research. On the debit side of restorative dentistry's ledger, its workers tend to be overawed by the excessive emphasis sometimes placed on research as such, and they present their own case very inadequately. The natural weaknesses of mankind assail restorative dentistry also. There is the ever-present precipitous rush after each new fad; there is the increasing tendency to do as little work as possible for as much money as possible. If only the ethics of professionalism could exert a more attractive influence! If only we would remember the statement of Dr. J. Leon Williams, “To believe greatly is to will greatly, and to believe and to will greatly is to achieve greatly.” 14 The goals toward which we must constantly strive are to presently serve the people with ever-increasing competence and dexterity in performing the work which their mouths require; at the same time we must keep our minds and hearts bent to the long-range goal of doing everything possible to eliminate the need for restorative dentistry through the development of preventive means. We may be sure that it is entirely unlikely that, within the lifetime of any of us, our very best efforts will not be required. There is so much to do and so little time! Doubtless at the close of this twentieth century an evaluation will be made of the fifty years upon which we are now embarked. There is little question but that some of you men in this room will be among those who will be revered and respected as being among the all-time great in dentistry. It would not be right to name any whom, even now, we feel will be worthy of such gratitude. When one contemplates the works of any great man, it is apparent that he does not work for glory as such, but rather because there is within him some indomnitable, unquenchable force that drives him on and on to seek more and more knowledge and to assimilate it and impart it with lavish generosity. Such a force has marked the lives of those in dentistry to whom we owe so much this day; such a force is burning in the souls of some who hear these words. But great, or not so great, let us, each of us, earnestly strive to do all in our power to make our chosen field of dentistry take its full share of the task of alleviating and in time eliminating the curse of dental ills from the burdensome load of humanity.