Network Maintenance Research Articles

Analysis of the model of integrated utilities network provision and infrastructure in Denpasar City

The utility network serves as a crucial support system for fulfilling the various needs of a city, encompassing cable and pipe networks for electricity, clean water, waste management, telecommunications, and other essential services. However, the installation of utility networks has often been lacking in coordination, resulting in frequent disassembly and reinstallation. Given these circumstances, the objective of this research is to provide valuable insights and ideas to the government regarding the model of Integrated Utility Network Facilities, along with effective implementation methods and accurate construction cost estimation. This will be done while considering the presence of existing facilities and infrastructure. The research employed a quantitative descriptive method, utilizing a case study approach focusing on several roads in the city center as a pilot project. The objective of implementing integrated utility networks and infrastructure (ducting utilities) in Denpasar City is to establish coordination among agencies responsible for underground network utilities. The goals include maintaining a neat, orderly, and clean city environment, facilitating easier and more cost-effective network maintenance, avoiding damage or interference caused by third-party works, enabling information sharing in the event of network damages, and promoting environmental friendliness.

A comprehensive review on deploying robotics application in telecom network tower's field maintenance: Challenges with current practices and feasibility analysis for robotics implementation

AbstractThis survey article highlights the difficulties in the field maintenance of telecommunication towers. It critically analyses the main features of the deployment of robots to maintain telecommunication towers. The growing demand for mobile connectivity poses the need for more towers, and the subsequent problem of network maintenance becomes more critical. Most tower maintenance is required work at height; therefore, height‐related risks are more frequent. A rigorous review is conducted, and the growth of the telecommunications network and key on‐site maintenance challenges are analyzed. Despite numerous challenges, these towers are maintained manually by riggers (certified climbers) worldwide. It raises the question, Is it possible to implement automation by robots for the maintenance of telecommunications towers? The feasibility analysis to deploy the robots is conducted systematically. To access the tower through a robot, detailed information on the type of towers, the climbing arrangements available on the existing towers, and the necessary operations to be carried out at the height is collected. A critical analysis of the climbing robots currently available in the literature, their grasping technology, and control algorithms is performed. The opinion of experts in the telecommunication industry is very helpful in identifying the requirements of robotic systems. The design attributes especially needed for the climbing robot, and the execution of the maintenance in height are highlighted. Due justification is given for deploying robots for field maintenance of telecom towers. The recommended methodology for designing an automation system helps research in the field of maintenance of telecom towers through robots, which could bring a remarkable solution to the telecom sector.

Recent Advances in Time-Sensitive Network Configuration Management: A Literature Review

At present, many network applications are seeking to implement Time-Sensitive Network (TSN) technology, which not only furnishes communication transmission services that are deterministic, low-latency, highly dependable, and have ample bandwidth, but also enables unified configuration management, permitting different network types to function under a single management system. These characteristics enable it to be widely used in many fields such as industrial sensor and actuator networks, in-vehicle networks, data center networks, and edge computing. Nonetheless, TSN’s configuration management faces numerous difficulties and challenges related to network deployment, automated operation, and maintenance, as well as real-time and safety assurance, rendering it exceedingly intricate. In recent years, some studies have been conducted on TSN configuration management, encompassing various aspects such as system design, key technologies for configuration management, protocol enhancement, and application development. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of systematic summaries of these studies. Hence, this article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of TSN configuration management. Drawing upon more than 70 relevant publications and the pertinent standards established by the IEEE 802.1 TSN working group, we first introduce the system architecture of TSN configuration management from a macro perspective and then explore specific technical details. Additionally, we demonstrate its application scenarios through practical cases and finally highlight the challenges and future research directions. We aspire to provide a comprehensive reference for peers and new researchers interested in TSN configuration management.

Fault type identification of arc grounding based on time-frequency domain characteristics of zero sequence current

Different types of faults pose different degrees of threat to the distribution network. Accurate identification of fault types is essential for distribution network maintenance and hazard prevention. The simulation of a typical single-phase arc grounding fault in a distribution network is carried out based on a 10 kV test platform, and the zero-sequence current of cable fault, tree touch, line break, and insulator flashover is obtained. The BP neural network is established and trained to recognize the feature data, which is extracted by Fourier transform and wavelet transform. The identification results prove the effectiveness of the proposed method for single-phase arc grounding fault type identification in distribution networks.

The influence of anthropogenic factors on the morphological features of the leaf apparatus of the balsamic poplar (Populus balsamifera L.)

The use of a promising culture of balsamic poplar in the 1950-1970s post-war years in the landscaping of Siberian cities became widespread in squares, parks, lawns along the road network and in urban forests. At the time of the creation of such landscaping facilities, the conditions of their growth did not have significant differences. To date, with the development of motorization, the use of reagents for the maintenance of the road network and the conduct of acaricide treatments in squares and parks, a significant difference has formed in the growing conditions of balsamic poplar crops. Biomonitoring of the state of the environment was carried out at three fundamentally different sites in Novosibirsk. Evaluation of the fluctuating asymmetry of balsamic poplar leaves showed that ordinary plantings along the road network are characterized by a high deviation from the stability of development. Forest crops of balsamic poplar in urban forests are characterized by the presence of deviations from the stability of development. The best indicators were obtained for balsamic poplar plantings in landscape groups in the park - the presence of a weak deviation from the stability of development. The best indicators were obtained for balsamic poplar plantings in landscape groups in the park - the presence of a violation of the stability of development. To date, 50-70-year-old balsamic poplar crops grown on the territory of the megalopolis are characterized by varying degrees of disturbance or deviation from the stability of development. They can be arranged according to the stability reduction scale in the following order: landscape groups in the park, forest crops in urban forests and ordinary planting on lawns along the road network.

Fault tolerant and load balancing model for software defined networking controllers

Previous years have seen increased interest in a new network paradigm, Software defined networking (SDN). The basic idea behind this new concept consists of removing the smart parts of the connectivity components and moving them to a seul control point known as a controller. This centralized network view makes the network maintenance and management easier and facilitates the creation of new services. Despite many advantages of SDN, the concentration of network intelligence in a single controller raises serious challenges that impact SDN scalability, performance, and fault tolerance. One of the main problems in SDN is controller failure. In this article, we develop a fault tolerant model called fault-tolerant load balancing (FTLBC) for SDN controllers. To reduce the cascading failure problem, the proposed model requires the load of the failing controller to be shared among other controllers. In the case of a controller failure, The FTLBC model concentrates on distributing the load among the remaining controllers based on the load of the orphans' switches and the load of the remaining controllers.

Pengukuran Tahanan Isolasi Terminal Incoming Gardu Kubikel 20KV di PT Haleyora Power Region 3 Jawa Timur Area Mojokerto

PT Haleyora Power is a subsidiary of PT PLN which is engaged in the operation and maintenance of electricity transmission and distribution networks. One of them is routine maintenance of the 20kv cubicle substation with the aim of maintaining the reliability of distribution in the electricity system. For Region 3 East Java, the Mojokerto area itself has 3 working areas, namely, Mojokerto, Jombang, and the Nganjuk area. In the process the cubicle is divided into 3 points, namely, incoming as input from the 20kv transformer output owned by PLN, metering is the part that functions to monitor (current, voltage, and electricity demand), the last is outgoing which is the 20kv output which will enter the transformer input customer/industry property. In this study, what was measured was insulation resistance using an insulation tester / megger and focused on the incoming terminal, the terminal points measured were between terminals r-s, r-t, s-t, r-n, s-n, and t-n. The minimum standard for measuring insulation resistance in a 20kv cubicle is 20MOhm. With an insulation resistance of more than 20MOhm, the insulation resistance obtained is good enough.

Design of Cost-Effective and Sustainable Treatments of Old Landslides Adapted to the Moroccan Road Network: A Case Study of Regional Road R410 Crossing the Rifan Structural Domain

The Moroccan road network is susceptible to multiple landslides annually, particularly in the northern regions due to high rainfall and specific geology. These events result in significant economic and social negative consequences, highlighting the need for sustainable and cost-effective solutions for network maintenance. This study outlines the methodology employed in addressing the issues within the RR410 regional road (Rifain region of Morocco), which entailed a thorough examination of the malfunctions, specific surveys, laboratory testing, and problem modeling. By incorporating long-term test-derived shear strength parameters, the model indicated that the road platform was stable, and back analysis using TALREN 4 software allows for model calibration. At kilometric point 23, using earthwork-based solutions (e.g., purging and replacing the base layer, employing granular water-insensitive substitution material) was found to provide a sustainable alternative to the expensive reinforced concrete-based solutions commonly used. Furthermore, these solutions contributed to the use of environmentally friendly and locally sourced materials. Road alignment rectification to anchor the platform in suitable soil was also an effective solution, as demonstrated at kilometric point 48. Additionally, enhancing the drainage and sanitation infrastructure, such as installing draining trenches, spurs, and reinforcing existing water structures, is a crucial aspect of addressing most landslides in the region.

Smart Preventive Maintenance of Hybrid Networks and IoT Systems Using Software Sensing and Future State Prediction.

At present, IoT and intelligent applications are developed on a large scale. However, these types of new applications require stable wireless connectivity with sensors, based on several standards of communication, such as ZigBee, LoRA, nRF, Bluetooth, or cellular (LTE, 5G, etc.). The continuous expansion of these networks and services also comes with the requirement of a stable level of service, which makes the task of maintenance operators more difficult. Therefore, in this research, an integrated solution for the management of preventive maintenance is proposed, employing software-defined sensing for hardware components, applications, and client satisfaction. A specific algorithm for monitoring the levels of services was developed, and an integrated instrument to assist the management of preventive maintenance was proposed, which are based on the network of future states prediction. A case study was also investigated for smart city applications to verify the expandability and flexibility of the approach. The purpose of this research is to improve the efficiency and response time of the preventive maintenance, helping to rapidly recover the required levels of service, thus increasing the resilience of complex systems.

Elucidating the Morphology of the Endoplasmic Reticulum: Puzzles and Perspectives.

Artificial or synthetic organelles are a key challenge for bottom-up synthetic biology. So far, synthetic organelles have typically been based on spherical membrane compartments, used to spatially confine selected chemical reactions. In vivo, these compartments are often far from being spherical and can exhibit rather complex architectures. A particularly fascinating example is provided by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which extends throughout the whole cell by forming a continuous network of membrane nanotubes connected by three-way junctions. The nanotubes have a typical diameter of between 50 and 100 nm. In spite of much experimental progress, several fundamental aspects of the ER morphology remain elusive. A long-standing puzzle is the straight appearance of the tubules in the light microscope, which form irregular polygons with contact angles close to 120°. Another puzzling aspect is the nanoscopic shapes of the tubules and junctions, for which very different images have been obtained by electron microcopy and structured illumination microscopy. Furthermore, both the formation and maintenance of the reticular networks require GTP and GTP-hydrolyzing membrane proteins. In fact, the networks are destroyed by the fragmentation of nanotubes when the supply of GTP is interrupted. Here, it is argued that all of these puzzling observations are intimately related to each other and to the dimerization of two membrane proteins anchored to the same membrane. So far, the functional significance of this dimerization process remained elusive and, thus, seemed to waste a lot of GTP. However, this process can generate an effective membrane tension that stabilizes the irregular polygonal geometry of the reticular networks and prevents the fragmentation of their tubules, thereby maintaining the integrity of the ER. By incorporating the GTP-hydrolyzing membrane proteins into giant unilamellar vesicles, the effective membrane tension will become accessible to systematic experimental studies.

Dispatches From Eeyou Istchee: Cree Networks, Digital, and Social Inclusion

This article offers a fragmentary, partial history of the successes and challenges the Cree of Eeyou Istchee have encountered as they’ve developed the capacity to offer their region and communities a range of traditional, analogue, and digital services through the development and maintenance of different yet interconnected networks. Using social construction of technology (SCOT) and social shaping of technology (SST) theories as a framework, these dispatches offer a glimpse of the complexity and layeredness of two Cree networks as they come into contact and/or overlap with those of extractive colonialism, Canadian settler policies, and traditional Cree law and policy.

Partisan Memes as a Catalyst for Homophilous Networks

ABSTRACT Although diverse political networks are seen as democratically valuable, online social networks enable the construction and maintenance of networks that are less diverse. In this study, we explore the cultivation of like-minded networks through blocking those sharing counter-attitudinal partisan memes and engaging with pro-attitudinal partisan memes. We then test the efficacy of an intervention to reduce the spread of homophily-inducing partisan memes. We present four experiments. Study 1 establishes that people react differently to partisan memes than to partisan news. Studies 1–4 confirm that people react differently to pro- and counter-attitudinal memes. Studies 3 and 4 provide limited evidence that reminding people of the diversity of their online networks can reduce digital behaviors that produce more homophilous networks. The results provide initial evidence that partisan memes may give rise to a spiral of homophily.

An Efficient Siamese Network and Transfer Learning-Based Predictive Maintenance System for More Sustainable Manufacturing

Legacy machinery poses a specific challenge when integrated into modern manufacturing lines. While modern machinery provides swift methods of integration and inbuilt predictive maintenance (PdM), older machines, while physically fully functional, are less attractive to reuse, a specific reason being their lack of ready-to-implement PdM hardware and models. More sustainable manufacturing operations can be achieved if the useable lifespan of functional older machinery can be extended through retrofittable PdM and modern industrial communication systems. While PdM models can be developed for a class (make/model) of machine with retrofitted sensing, it is often found that legacy machines will deviate greatly from their original form, through nonstandard maintenance and component replacement actions during their lengthy lifespan. This would mean that each legacy machine would require a custom PdM model, a cost often leading to the removal or nonusage of legacy machines. This paper proposes a framework designed for the generation of an efficient PdM algorithm which would allow for the reuse of legacy machines retrofitted with low-cost sensing in modern manufacturing for increased sustainability. Given a limited number of data samples collected from a machine to be maintained, we aim to predict a failure or/and maintenance time by making use of the difference between the characteristics of the variation of the healthy and unhealthy data collected from the machine. We measure the healthiness of the machine by using a Siamese network trained with a public dataset and fine-tuned with data samples obtained from machines with similar characteristics. Although we use different training and testing datasets coming from completely different sources, we obtain reasonable results thanks to the proposed technique. The results of simulations and the statistical analysis enable us to devise a transfer learning technique and a Siamese network employed for failure detection in the machine. The proposed system will allow for the continued use of older machines in modern facilities, enabling more sustainable manufacturing models.

Science at Stake – Russia and the Arctic Council

The discontinuation of cooperation with Russia in the Arctic Council in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine may severely impact Arctic climate science. Since its creation, the Arctic Council has been a symbol of diplomacy and values of scientific integrity. However, with all institutional research collaborations with Russia on hold and few windows open for researcher-to-researcher dialogue, the Arctic Council faces its most significant challenge to date. This article discusses possibilities for the maintenance and implementation of Arctic science with its Russian contributions and examines how conditions changed after February 24, 2022. The analysis is based on interviews with Russian researchers working on Arctic issues and participants in Arctic Council projects conducted after March 2022. The article maps out scientific practices in the Arctic Council and Russian Arctic science across three dimensions: knowledge translation, depoliticized scientific independence, and maintenance of researcher networks.

Regional Heads' Discretionary Spending in Local Election

Various research in several nations showed that incumbent regional leader who ran for a second term exploited their budgetary authority to win re-election. The budget components used are primarily expenditures on people and capital. The purpose of this study was to examine whether discretionary spending on social assistance and capital expenditure occurred during Indonesia's simultaneous local elections in which the incumbent was re-run for a second term. We used panel data regression analysis to examine district-city leaders' 2017 and 2018 simultaneous local elections. The sample of 504 municipal districts showed empirical evidence that the incumbent increased spending on social assistance, equipment and machinery, and road irrigation and network maintenance. This finding is consistent with prior research indicating the incidence of discretionary spending in incumbent led local elections.

Differentially Private Decentralized Generator Maintenance and Operations for Power Networks

Increasing sensor instrumentation has been critical to the improvement of power network operations and maintenance while challenges linked to data ownership and privacy remain. To this end, decentralized methods have been popular for their computational scalability while enabling data ownership by utility stakeholders. However, decentralization also requires sharing network flow estimates over public channels raising privacy concerns. In this paper, we propose a differential privacy driven, ADMM approach for decentralized, mixed integer optimization of operations and maintenance problems which preserves privacy of network flow estimates. We prove strong privacy guarantees by leveraging the linear relationship between the phase angles and flow. To address challenges associated with the mixed integer and dynamic nature of the problem, we introduce an exponential moving average based consensus mechanism to enhance convergence, coupled with a control chart based convergence criteria to improve stability. Our results demonstrate that our privacy preserving approach is robust to a range of noise levels and operational scenarios, delivering solutions on par with benchmark methods.

Knowledge graph based AR content adaptive generation for 5G communication network maintenance services

5G technology puts forward new requirements for communication network human maintenance services. However, with the complexity of 5G maintenance knowledge and the diversification of maintenance scenarios, the ability of maintenance engineer cannot be greatly improved in a short time. This paper proposed a knowledge graph (KG) based augmented reality (AR) content adaptive generation method for 5G communication network maintenance services. The KG and AR technology are used to reduce the cognitive burden of manual maintenance and improve the efficiency of communication network maintenance.

A multipath routing protocol for secure energy efficient communication in Wireless Sensor Networks

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is comprised of a number of sensor nodes (SNs) that are randomly placed in an open, harsh environment for many applications. Due to the resource-constrained nature of SNs and hostile deployment environments, energy efficiency and security are considered two key factors in designing WSN routing protocols. This paper proposes an Energy Efficient Secure Multipath (EESM) routing protocol to securely construct efficient routes and transmit data packets between SNs and the base station (BS). EESM achieves energy efficiency through minimal task allocation among SNs whereas all computation-intensive tasks such as network information collection, routing table generation, and network maintenance are performed by the BS. The proposed protocol incorporates lightweight security mechanisms including a one-way hash chain, message authentication code, encryption, and clique-based coordinator selection and monitoring schemes to defend against numerous security attacks. Simulation results show that EESM can successfully detect and protect the network against various security attacks such as replay attacks, sybil attacks, sinkhole attacks, spoofing attacks, compromised node attacks, and so on. In terms of energy efficiency, the proposed protocol achieves an up to 37% increase in network lifetime and a 6% increase in throughput over Secure and Energy Efficient Multipath (SEEM) routing, Secure and Reliable Multipath Routing (SRMR), and Reliable and Multipath Encounter Routing (RMER) protocols. The paper implements the protocol in a real environment using Arduino motes to analyze security overheads and network setup time.

Network consensus analysis and optimization of distributed FANETs based on multi-agent consensus theory

Distributed flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) have been widely used in collaborative reconnaissance, situation construction, and other scenarios. In distributed FANETs with multi-hop and intermittent links, nodes only maintain neighbors’ information and cannot obtain the whole network messages. There may be contradicting information collected across nodes, resulting in inconsistency problems. However, existing research on collaborative consensus focuses mainly on the control domain using multi-agent consensus theory. The study on distributed network consensus does not consider the effect of the multi-hop forwarding order, hence limiting the optimization of distributed FANETs. Based on this, we establish a network consensus model utilizing the multi-agent consensus theory and analyze the impact of the outage probability of links and untimely forwarding on the distributed consensus probability, considering the node density, link outage probability, and network maintenance times. Besides, using the election mechanism as an example, we establish distributed network performance analysis models considering consensus error to enhance the service delay and resource efficiency performance analysis of distributed FANETs. Finally, we construct a protocol-level simulation platform based on Visual Studio and extensive experiments to determine the optimal mechanism parameters under different network and channel parameters. The simulation results show that the optimal network maintenance times increase with the increasing outage probability of links. Moreover, distributed FANETs can achieve optimal resource efficiency without achieving complete consensus, that is, there is a tradeoff between network maintenance cost and network performance.

A PPP-RTK APPROACH TO MASS-MARKET APPLICATIONS

Abstract. PPP-RTK has been widely investigated to take the advantages of both real-time kinematic (RTK) and precise point positioning (PPP) techniques. Prior to PPP-RTK, the conventional RTK based on the use of a single base station, on the one hand, has been extended to work within a regional network of multiple base stations, known as network RTK (NRTK). The RTK and NRTK enable fast ambiguity resolution over a short baseline or a local region. PPP, on the other hand, eliminates the need to establish any local network like NRTK, which is able to work in a single receiver mode but it suffers long convergence time in ambiguity resolution. PPP-RTK therefore can provide fast ambiguity resolution capability like RTK and NRTK. Current PPP-RTK techniques however still face challenges in supporting mass-market applications such as mobile devices and autonomous vehicles. Although PPP-RTK system (a combination of RTK and PPP technologies) can help expand the coverage of RTK and speed up the ambiguity resolution in PPP, the deployment and maintenance of a dense network of permanent base stations and a central data processing infrastructure for generation of SSR corrections increases not only the system cost but also the system complexity. This is particularly an obstacle for mass-market applications. In this paper, a new RTK approach is described. First it is based on a single base station state-space-representation (SSR) correction generation strategy to support fast ambiguity resolved PPP. Further it presents a new peer-to-peer propagation strategy to form a real-time dynamically generated network of base stations to support mass-market application users with unbounded coverage. As a result, the new approach eliminates the need to deploy and maintain a dense network of permanent base stations and central data processing infrastructure as required in a conventional PP-RTK system.