Maintenance Delay Research Articles

Evaluation of the Management Policy of BOS Funds in Elementary Schools

General background however, the effective management of these funds remains a significant challenge, particularly in certain regions. Specific background this study focuses on evaluating the management policy of BOS funds at an elementary school, highlighting the need for systematic assessment criteria that align with established standards. Knowledge gap despite the existence of frameworks for evaluating fund management, there is limited research on their practical application in specific educational contexts. The aim is to analyze the BOS fund management by employing evaluation indicators based on Wirawan's framework, which includes input, process, output, and impact assessments. The results reveal that while the school’s facilities and infrastructure are generally in good condition, delays in fund distribution have adversely affected maintenance efforts. Key factors influencing successful fund management include meticulous planning, effective coordination, and accurate reporting. Furthermore, the study finds that BOS funds significantly reduce operational costs, benefiting both educators and students. Novelty this research contributes novel insights into the evaluation process of educational funding, illustrating how structured assessments can improve management practices. The implications of this study suggest that better fund management can lead to enhanced educational outcomes and resource allocation, ultimately fostering an environment conducive to learning. Highlights: Evaluation of BOS fund management enhances accountability and resource allocation. Delays in fund distribution impact maintenance of school facilities. Structured assessments improve educational outcomes and support effective learning environments. Keywords: BOS , Educational Management, Evaluation, Operational Costs, Infrastructure

The Functionality of the Lavatory Facilities in Naraguta Campus of the University of Jos

This study examines the functionality of lavatory facilities at Naraguta Campus, University of Jos, to identify key challenges and propose actionable improvements. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, we conducted quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with both staff and students to assess various dimensions of lavatory functionality, including accessibility, cleanliness, maintenance, and user satisfaction. Our findings reveal significant issues related to inadequate accessibility for persons with disabilities, frequent maintenance delays, and suboptimal cleanliness standards. The study underscores the need for comprehensive enhancements in lavatory facilities to better serve the campus community. Recommendations include the implementation of more frequent cleaning schedules, the upgrade of accessibility features, and the establishment of a dedicated maintenance team. This research contributes to the broader discourse on campus facility management and offers a framework for similar assessments in other educational institutions.

Systems Reliability and Data Driven Analysis for Marine Machinery Maintenance Planning and Decision Making

Understanding component criticality in machinery performance degradation is important in ensuring the reliability and availability of ship systems, particularly considering the nature of ship operations requiring extended voyage periods, usually traversing regions with multiple climate and environmental conditions. Exposing the machinery system to varying degrees of load and operational conditions could lead to rapid degradation and reduced reliability. This research proposes a tailored solution by identifying critical components, the root causes of maintenance delays, understanding the factors influencing system reliability, and recognising failure-prone components. This paper proposes a hybrid approach using reliability analysis tools and machine learning. It uses dynamic fault tree analysis (DFTA) to determine how reliable and important a system is, as well as Bayesian belief network (BBN) availability analysis to assist with maintenance decisions. Furthermore, we developed an artificial neural network (ANN) fault detection model to identify the faults responsible for system unreliability. We conducted a case study on a ship power generation system, identifying the components critical to maintenance and defects contributing to such failures. Using reliability importance measures and minimal cut sets, we isolated all faults contributing over 40% of subsystem failures and related events. Among the 4 MDGs, the lubricating system had the highest average availability of 67%, while the cooling system had the lowest at 38% using the BBN availability outcome . Therefore, the BBN DSS recommended corrective action and ConMon as maintenance strategies due to the frequent failures of certain critical parts. ANN found overheating when MDG output was above 180 kVA, linking component failure to generator performance. The findings improve ship system reliability and availability by reducing failures and improving maintenance strategies.

A Review of Radiotherapy Services in Zambia: Challenges, Opportunities and Way Forward

Cancer significantly contributes to the cause of morbidity and mortality in Zambia 71% of people diagnosed with cancer in Zambia die from the disease; however, access to radiotherapy (RT) services is lacking. More than 50% of cancer patients will require radiotherapy for curative or palliative intent. The country first established RT services in 2006. Prior to that only a few Zambians accessed this specialised treatment abroad, mainly due to the high costs. After a successful run of service for over a decade, in 2022 the country suffered total disruption of RT services due to obsolete equipment that has been earmarked for decommissioning. The country is now in the process of re-establishing the RT services to make them sustainable. This article aims at reviewing how the RT services (RT equipment and personnel) have been managed, the opportunities that exist (demand for RT services, availability of training institutions, support from the government and cooperating partners) and lastly the challenges (equipment shortages and operation, lack of medical physicists and biomedical engineers, financial constraints, procurement and maintenance delays). The insights offered by this work will elicit a data based decision making approach to meticulous RT service provision.

Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Renters’ Experiences with Maintenance Delays in the United States

Structural racism and individual discrimination contribute to racial inequalities in poor housing conditions in the United States. Less is known about whether and how structural racism and individual discrimination shape a parallel, but distinct, process that is also consequential for family wellbeing: experiencing housing unit maintenance delays. Maintenance delays transform acute problems into chronic stressors and increase exposure to physical hazards over time. Using the 2013 American Housing Survey, I examine racial/ethnic disparities in maintenance delays across non-Hispanic White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, and American Indian/Alaska Native renters. Given that 2.3 million low-income households rent using Housing Choice Vouchers (HCVs), a federal housing assistance program with requirements around repair timing, I also examine how renting with a voucher shapes maintenance delays. There are three principal findings. First, White renters are more likely to report timely repairs than either Black or Hispanic renters. Second, for Black renters, both structural racism experienced in rental markets and individual discrimination drive this disparity, whereas Hispanic renters’ diverging maintenance experiences are largely explained by pathways impacted by structural racism. Third, renting with an HCV is not associated with repair timeliness for any racial/ethnic group. Taken together, the findings suggest that racial/ethnic disparities in substandard housing emerge not only through unequal exposure to housing quality problems but also through unequal responses to these issues.

Joint optimization of location and allocation for spare parts depots under ($ r, Q $) inventory policy

<p>The ability to replace failed spare parts in time directly affects the supportability level of equipment systems. The selection of spare parts' depot locations, inventory mode, and allocation are often separate and independent operations. However, in these situations, the total supply cost is usually relatively high with the consideration of spare parts shortage and maintenance delays. Therefore, this article dealt with a depot location-inventory-allocation problem based on the $ (r, Q) $ inventory method and analyzed a combined network of centralized spare part depot locations, inventory, and allocation. Meanwhile, considering the convenience and speed of spare parts transportation brought about by the improvement of transportation capacity, a network is proposed to adopt a centralized storage and point-to-point allocation strategy for parts replacement, which reduces supportability costs without affecting supply efficiency. An optimization model has been developed that reduces the overall cost of support, including inventory, construction, transportation, and logistics. Three equipment support efficiency metrics were used as constraints in this model to assess the location of open depots: selection availability, fill rate, and predicted downtime. Additionally, due to the knowledge asymmetry, there are some shortage issues which always lead to extra expenditure. The model also introduces uncertain distribution to demand measurement and adopts a genetic algorithm for model solving. Ultimately, a numerical instance was developed so as to verify our results.</p>

Joint optimization of condition-based maintenance and condition-based production of a single equipment considering random yield and maintenance delay

Joint optimization of condition-based maintenance and condition-based production of a single equipment considering random yield and maintenance delay

Analisis Manajemen Pemeliharaan Gedung Kantor (Studi Kasus PT AST)

Buildings that support office activity need to be well maintained. Without the maintenance, the building's structure function will suffer a decline over time. This study aims to identify the maintenance management activities of the building, the building maintenance schedule and the obstacles also the solutions in the maintenance of the office building at PT AST. It uses a qualitative descriptive approach by describe and analyze the problems found. Qualitative research is based on primary and secondary data. Primary data in the study are obtained by observation, interview, and documentation, while secondary data are obtained through books, previous studies, and research related articles. According to the study, PT AST has been regularly and frequently maintained the building, but the maintenance activities have not been optimal. This can be seen from the difficult access of office repository and some office machines scheduled for delay in maintenance. It would be better if PT AST was able to provide some items replacement to anticipate the damage and also work with third party procurement to perform repairs on a damaged items or chamber if needed.

A phase-type maintenance model considering condition-based inspections and maintenance delays

This paper proposes a maintenance model for systems subject to discrete-state deterioration processes. The deterioration of the system is described by the phase-type (PH) expansion of a multi-state Markov model, where the sojourn times at different states follow general distributions. In contrast to the periodic inspections and exponentially distributed repairs in most works, this study considers condition-based inspections and significant delays from planning a maintenance task until its actual implementation. These delays are usually due to logistic reasons and are considered close to deterministic. This allows the decision-makers to evaluate more flexible inspection strategies and move towards more cost-effective solutions. A case study about road bridge maintenance is presented to demonstrate the modelling process and the value of introducing PH distributions and condition-based inspections. With the proposed model, a less conservative maintenance strategy with fewer inspections and postponed repairs can be derived, bringing significant cost reductions.

A State-Age-Dependent Opportunistic Intelligent Maintenance Framework for Wind Turbines Under Dynamic Wind Conditions

Intelligent maintenance powered by advanced sensor technology is crucial to ensure safe and reliable operation of wind turbines. Most maintenance models are scheduled solely based on age/degradation conditions, while ignoring the dynamics of wind conditions and residual lifetime that significantly affect maintenance executions. This paper addresses such challenges by constructing a dynamic age-state-dependent intelligent opportunistic maintenance framework, which is capable of integrating (a) degradation and age state, (b) estimation of remaining lifetime, (c) both the positive (extra maintenance opportunities) and negative impacts (maintenance delays) of wind conditions. Specially, component-level maintenance is allowed postponed to balance lifetime extension and resource allocation, whose implementation interval is controlled by real-time estimations of lifetime and dynamic wind velocities. Moreover, both wind and health centered opportunistic maintenance are incorporated to mitigate power generation losses. The applicability and superiority of the proposed framework are validated by a case study on an Ontario wind farm.

Assessing Delay Factors and Mitigation Measures in Building Maintenance Works

When it comes to the operation of a construction industry, building maintenance is critical. Any structure must be well-maintained to prevent minor problems from becoming major ones. Delayed building maintenance may result in increased repair costs as well as a reduction in building lifespan. To avoid this problem, research has been conducted to identify the factors that cause building maintenance delays and mitigation measures to resolve building maintenance delays. To achieve the study's objectives, extensive literature research and a questionnaire survey were conducted. Based on previous literature research, accumulated data was used to create a questionnaire for 250 Malaysian building maintenance delay factors and mitigation measures. A group of professionals and experts, including top management, project managers, engineers, architects, assistant engineers, technicians, human resources and administration, and others, participated in this survey. SPSS statistical software was used to analyse the collected data using the average mean index method and correlation. According to the data, the three highest mean index values from the factors that cause maintenance work delays are an increase in maintenance costs as the building age increases, an incorrect timing for work can incur higher maintenance costs when a critical job item is overlooked, and improper planning and budgeting. For correlation analysis, it was found that the correlations amongst the five groups of delay factors are having strong relationship with Pearson correlation value of 0.5. While for mitigation measures of the delay, it was found that three highest ranks are prefer other organizational structure follows by policy and objective and good communication. The findings can assist construction practitioners in prioritising their maintenance works.

OPTIMALISASI PENERAPAN PERAWATAN HATCH COVER UNTUK MENGHINDARI KETERLAMBATAN PROSES MUAT BONGKAR PADA MV. CHANDRA KIRANA

Hatch Cover is a part of the ship that is useful for protecting cargo from seawater and avoiding damage that can cause cargo damage. To make the load not damaged, of course, optimal maintenance is needed for the hatch cover and what needs to be applied in the maintenance of the hatch cover on the MV. Chandra Kirana so that damage can be avoided completely. 
 The research method used is descriptive qualitative by describing the problem through observing what happens in the field, indirect interviews conducted with ship officers and crew, literature study, and documentation. By using this research method, the required data is obtained and then analyzed and presented with a descriptive narrative. 
 From the results studied, it was found that there were problems with the application of hatch cover maintenance which was less than optimal and there were many obstacles encountered when carrying out hatch cover maintenance which resulted in delays in maintenance. Researchers suggest that companies can implement workshops for crew members who will board so they can know what to do in treating and repairing hatch cover damage and following hatch cover maintenance procedures in accordance with Doc. No. JSP E41 namely inspection and maintenance plan of bulk carrier hatch cover so that hatch cover maintenance can be carried out properly and reduce additional costs in the event of cargo damage

Development of a Campus Facility Management Operational Framework Using a Modified Delphi Method

An effective facility management process is crucial to overall firm performance and is becoming a core competency for organizations seeking to gain a competitive advantage. The recent literature on facility management reveals that poor facility management is a major cause of management inefficiency, leading directly to budget overruns, maintenance delays, repetition of work, variations, noncompliance incidents, unnecessary risk, and dissatisfied customers. Therefore, facility management firms should pay close attention to the most critical success factors in order to effectively manage and measure performance. This paper presents a multidimensional campus facility management performance framework (CFMPF) that addresses both operational and systematic factors. Facility management companies, owners, contractors, and consultants can use this framework to identify systemic weaknesses using key indicators to specifically assess the effectiveness and success of facility management. The significance of 45 key facility management success factors across seven categories was determined via a literature review, expert interviews, and the Delphi method. The seven process groups are: Campus Facility Work Force Management, Campus Facility Communication Management, Campus Facility Systems Management, Campus Facility Organizational Management, Campus Facility Financial Management, Campus Sustainability & Environment Management, and Campus Facility Assets Management. To verify the overall agreement via the Delphi rounds, the score percentage and standard deviation to mean ratio were examined. Mean value and interrater agreement (IRA) analyses were conducted to evaluate the correlation between the factors and facility performance. This research adds to the body of knowledge by presenting a systematic operational framework for campus facility management that identifies the underlying factors influencing performance and fills the gaps left by previous studies.

Remote housing for Indigenous children in the Fitzroy Valley, Western Australia: A case study

AbstractPoor‐quality and overcrowded housing in remote communities in Australia is widely seen to negatively impact Indigenous children's health and development. Despite widespread reports of, in some instances, quite appalling housing conditions, recent analyses of data from the Longitudinal Study of Indigenous Children (LSIC) found little evidence of adverse housing effects for Indigenous children living in very remote Australia. Given the apparent inconsistency in evidence coming from representative survey data and other accounts, a small‐scale case study was conducted in the Kimberley's Fitzroy Valley to gain greater insights into housing in very remote communities for families with school‐aged children. The LSIC very remote sample is confirmed to offer a good representation of housing conditions in these communities, based on replication of key housing data items in a small survey of Fitzroy Valley parents. While not apparent in those parent surveys, problems of severe overcrowding were highlighted in interviews with community leaders. Other issues raised included delays in maintenance and repairs and a lack of local input into housing management and associated employment, which was seen to disempower communities.

Working memory for movement rhythms given spatial relevance: Effects of sequence length and maintenance delay

ABSTRACT Temporal information is an essential component of human movements. However, it is still unclear how the temporal information is extracted from complex whole-body movements through observation and how it is encoded and retained in working memory. In the current study, we investigated how the sequence length and maintenance delay influence working memory for movement rhythms (i.e., temporal structures of movement sequences) after considering the task-relevance of the corresponding spatial information and the sensitivity difference between spatial and temporal processing in visual perception. We found that the sequence length – in the sense of information load more than temporal duration – may act as the first bottleneck in the processing of movement rhythms, deciding whether temporal information can be encoded as individual units in high precision or it might be encoded as an ensemble “whole” in relatively low precision. In addition, the maintenance delay may act as the second bottleneck, determining to what extent the encoded information can be retained in memory.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS CAUSED FOR DELAYING CONSTRUCTION ROAD REHABILITATION AND MAINTENANCE IN KEJAYAN PURWOSARI’S (LINK 197) PROJECT DUE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Implementation of Construction Projects that run within a limited time must be removed from the factors that cause project delays to run optimally and appropriately. This study aims to analyze the factors causing delays in road rehabilitation and maintenance in Kejayan Purwosari (Link 197) construction projects due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The study population consist of 80 people and the number of research samples is the total population. The data collection technique is done by distributing questionnaires. Techniques for analyzing research data using Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of the study prove that the factors of Manpower, Materials and Equipment have no significant effect on Project Delay. Meanwhile, the factors of Construction Method, Relationship and Time and Control have a significant effect on Project Delay.

Condition-based maintenance method for multicomponent system considering maintenance delay based on remaining useful life prediction: Subsea tree system as a case

Maintenance resources and personnel may not arrive in time after formulating a maintenance strategy due to the particular working environment and poor accessibility for multicomponent systems. A condition-based maintenance (CBM) method considering maintenance preparation delay based on remaining useful life (RUL) prediction is proposed. Maintenance preparations under normal and emergency conditions are considered. Inspection time is dynamically set based on the maintenance preparation time and the RUL prediction result. At the inspection time point, RUL for each component in the multicomponent system is predicted based on offline inspection data according to the degradation trend, which is simulated by combining Gamma and Poisson processes. The next inspection time can be determined subsequently. A threshold based on RUL prediction results is set as the maintenance standard to evaluate the maintenance effectiveness. Inspection interval, safety threshold, and maintenance threshold are optimized by minimizing the maintenance cost. A case study of the subsea tree system for offshore oil and gas development is conducted to demonstrate the application of the proposed CBM methodology.

Probabilistic multi-objective optimum combined inspection and monitoring planning and decision making with updating

This paper presents a novel probabilistic approach for optimum combined inspection and monitoring planning (CIMP) with updating. This optimum planning is based on five objectives considering life-cycle cost, extended service life, maintenance delay, damage detection delay, and time-based probability of failure. The five-objective optimization provides a Pareto front. Through decision making process, the best solution is selected from the Pareto front. This solution indicates the optimum inspection application time, monitoring application time, and monitoring duration. When the information related to the damage propagation model is obtained from inspection and monitoring, the probabilistic parameters related to damage propagation prediction are updated. Using the updated damage propagation, the objective function is re-formulated and CIMP is re-optimized. The Pareto fronts associated with inspection planning, monitoring planning, and CIMP are compared when the multi-objective optimizations include or exclude the expected monetary loss due to structural failure. The effects of the weights of objectives and the expected monetary loss on the optimum CIMP are investigated. Furthermore, the parameters and damage propagation updated with the information from inspection and monitoring are compared. The proposed approach is applied to an existing fatigue-sensitive steel bridge.

Perspective of Life-Cycle Cost Analysis and Risk Assessment for Airport Pavement in Delaying Preventive Maintenance

Airport pavements deteriorate with age due to the impacts of environmental factors and air traffic. There is a dearth of studies on the scheduling of airport pavement maintenance and the importance of assessing the different scheduling strategies using Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA). An analysis of the cost–benefit study of a delay in maintenance alternatives should be done to determine whether a one-year delay is beneficial. This study concerns airport pavement management systems and the significance of a delay in several maintenance and preservation strategies depending on the analysis of inputs and outputs based on data from the Rocky Mountain Metropolitan airport in Jefferson County, United States. Herein, four preventive maintenance strategies were reviewed: three of the strategies involve crack treatment, namely crack sealing, patching, and a slurry seal, while the review of surface treatment only looks at the overlay method, which is done based on two Pavement Condition Indices (PCI 90 and PCI 80), and the resulting improvement in service life. The novel integrated LCCA + LCA program, namely PAVECO, is introduced in this research to compare alternatives from perspectives that are not purely economic, by considering direct costs, indirect costs, and salvage values. Results show that a one-year delay in preventive maintenance increases the deterministic life cycle cost by 16%. Based on the sensitivity analysis of the discount rate, the total cost shows more than a 10% decrease as the discount rate increased by 1%. Additionally, the uncertainty in PCI 80 is higher than that in PCI 90. The probabilistic model provides stakeholders with the opportunity to consider the alternative which is most suited to the allocated budget. It can be concluded that, based on the simulation of the effects of maintenance activities during the pavement life-cycle, preventive maintenance should start when the roads are in good condition to prompt managers and stakeholders to analyze the costs during the life-cycle. Postponing the preventive maintenance of airport pavement could raise the cost by 50%. The maintenance of airport pavements in developing countries is still one of the main challenges of pavement management due to the maintenance only being done when it is necessary.

Digital solutions for continued operation of WRRFs during pandemics and other interruptions.

This paper includes survey results from 17 full‐scale water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs) to explore their technical, operational, maintenance, and management‐related challenges during COVID‐19. Based on the survey results, limited monitoring and maintenance of instrumentation and sensors are among the critical factors during the pandemic which resulted in poor data quality in several WRRFs. Due to lockdown of cities and countries, most of the facilities observed interruptions of chemical supply frequency which impacted the treatment process involving chemical additions. Some plants observed influent flow reduction and illicit discharges from industrial wastewater which eventually affected the biological treatment processes. Delays in equipment maintenance also increased the operational and maintenance cost. Most of the plants reported that new set of personnel management rules during pandemic created difficulties in scheduling operator's shifts which directly hampered the plant operations. All the plant operators mentioned that automation, instrumentation, and sensor applications could help plant operations more efficiently while working remotely during pandemic. To handle emergency circumstances including pandemic, this paper also highlights resources and critical factors for emergency responses, preparedness, resiliency, and mitigation that can be adopted by WRRFs.