Maintain Status Quo Research Articles

Who We Are, Where We Come From, and Where We Hope to Go in Educational Inclusivity

This is a duoethnography of two teacher-researchers who have spent their lives immersed in architecture for education that is equitably inclusive. Ongoing engagement with people who have experience(d) educational exclusions, and consistent evidence that educational inclusivity benefits everyone, ensure that we remain committed to education being/becoming inclusive of all. Everyone has the right to educational inclusivity; we have found it both possible and effective for all concerned wherever/whenever fully attempted, when/where the hegemonic hold of special-education[1] is dismantled. It is time to focus on inclusivity rights of current and future generations of students, to stop debating whether inclusive rights are right for everyone. We propose that inclusive education can be realized by addressing five basic constructs rather than staying engrossed/mired in complexifying obstructions and costly defence thereof. After 35 years withstanding equivocation, we hope for widespread building of educational inclusivity; moving away from perennial advice/permission seeking from those determined to maintain status quo. As a start, we invite you into the conversation with us from connections with Canada, Ireland, and elsewhere.

Maintaining status quo or realizing transformation in transboundary water conflicts? The power–interests–identity nexus in the Helmand river basin

ABSTRACT This paper contributes to the critical hydropolitics literature by introducing the power–interests–identity nexus framework and addresses how it shapes decisions and (re)actions to transform or maintain water conflicts. The framework is investigated using the Helmand/Hirmand river basin, shared by Afghanistan and Iran. It elucidates which factors led to the transformation of Iran–Afghanistan water conflicts and the signing of the 1973 Treaty, as well as the influential factors that have contributed to its maintenance in the 2020s. The results demonstrate using the framework provides comprehensive insight by identifying the influential latent factors of transboundary water arrangements.

An integrative review of racism in nursing to inform anti-racist nursing praxis in Aotearoa New Zealand.

To synthesise international literature to identify mechanisms that maintain racism in nursing and understand the factors that contribute to designing and implementing anti-racist praxis to inform nursing in Aotearoa New Zealand. An integrative literature review was undertaken, integrating Indigenous Kaupapa Māori methodologies to ensure a cultural and philosophical lens. Peer-reviewed literature published, between January 2011 and July 2023 were sourced. Of 1296 articles, 16 met the inclusion criteria and 4 were identified via citation chaining. In total, 20 articles were included. The Johns Hopkins Research Evidence Tool was applied, findings extracted, and thematic analysis completed utilising Indigenous Kaupapa Māori principles. Databases, including CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed and Aus/NZ Reference Centre, were searched in July 2023. Two key themes were identified: (1) colonial active resistance to change; and (2) transformational, visionary, and proactive nursing. Nurses are well-positioned to confront the structures that maintain racism in health and education systems but are often actors in maintaining status quo. Anti-racist praxis can be a mechanism for nurses to reimagine, redefine and transform nursing care, leadership, and nursing education to begin to eradicate racism. This integrative review adhered to the 2020 Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. No patient or public contribution. Racism remains prevalent in nursing and the healthcare system. It is necessary to implement anti-racist praxis and policies that resist, deconstruct, and dismantle power and racism while validating Indigenous values, beliefs and practices. This is vital to deliver equitable health care. This integrative review presents lived realities and knowledge of Indigenous and racially minoritised nurses and scholars, alongside nursing allies to inform anti-racist praxis. This evidence signifies that it is time to walk the walk to challenge the colonising systems and processes that hold racism in place.

Breaking barriers or maintaining status quo? Female representation in decision-making group of venture capital firms and the funding of woman-led businesses

We examine whether and when female representation in decision-making groups of venture capital firms affects the firms' decision to fund woman-led businesses. By developing an intra- and inter-group categorization framework for group decision-making, we argue that, in the male-dominated venture capital industry, decision-making groups with higher female representation are less likely to fund woman-led businesses. However, this negative effect is mitigated when the decision-making group has more politically neutral members or when members have more shared prior employment affiliations. Using a longitudinal panel dataset of funding decisions by 151 U.S.-based venture capital firms, the empirical analyses support our theoretical predictions. We also enriched and complemented our empirical findings with qualitative evidence.

Terrible Night at Maeda’s Residence on Preparation of Independent Proclamation for Republic of Indonesia

The focus of this research was on the role of Admiral Tadashi Maeda before the proclamation of indpendence of Indonesia, who was considered as Japan’s Imperial Representative by the Dutch. The presence and role of Maeda made the Dutch rejected the Independence of Indonesia on Agustus 17th 1945. The research showed that Maeda did not obey the instruction of Central Government in Tokyo to maintain status quo in Indonesia until the handover of teritory from the Allied Forces to the Dutch-Indies administration. This research based on librarian method were analyzed using historical kwalitative. However, one day before the proclamation day, Maeda allowed Indonesians to use his house as the place to draft the Proclamation text and ensure the security of everyone inside the house against intervention of Japanese Army. This research finding that Maeda certainly disobeyed order from Tokyo and therefore he did not act on behalf of Japan Imperial Government. It was a strong evidence that proclamation of independence of Indonesia was not scenario from Japan.

India–China Standoff in Ladakh and China’s Dilemma

This article seeks to provide an answer to the question which has not been explored in the relevant academic scholarship: What are the merits and demerits of China restoring status quo ante or maintaining status quo along the disputed Line of Actual Control and why? This article argues that status quo renders China multiple geopolitical, geo-economic and geostrategic advantages: restoring its 1960s claim line and tactical and strategic gains along the LAC, security of Aksai Chin and inhibiting India’s rise. However, it also creates prospects for India–China conflict/war which will curtail (a victorious) China’s quest to become the pre-eminent global power. And a defeat/stalemate in conflict/war with India will impact China’s standing in global affairs, and repercussions for Communist Party of China’s regime stability and regime survival. On the other hand, restoring status quo ante also has tactical and strategic costs, and can also have domestic political costs for President Xi Jinping.

Optimization of rural settlements based on rural revitalization elements and rural residents’ social mobility: A case study of a township in western China

Rural settlements are spatial carriers of rural social and economic activities. The optimization of rural settlements is of great significance to comprehensively promote rural revitalization. Considering that the optimization of rural settlements is a systematic engineering of the optimal allocation of rural revitalization elements and a social engineering of rural residents’ willingness, this paper explores the optimization of rural settlements based on the elements of rural revitalization and rural residents’ social mobility. After constructing the theoretical framework of the internal relationship among rural revitalization, rural residents’ social mobility and optimization of rural settlements, we evaluate the development vitality of rural settlements from the perspectives of industry, talent, culture, organization and ecology, and measure the network centrality of rural settlements based on rural residents’ social mobility. Moreover, we measure the coordination level of development vitality and network centrality to identify rural settlements’ optimization types. The level of the talent element is the lowest among the five revitalization elements. The rural settlements with high development vitality and network centrality are mainly distributed around the central town and near the traffic trunk lines. The rural settlements within the boundary of the expansion of urban construction land are classified as suburban integration, and the rural settlements with the characteristics of cultural relics or ethnic minorities are determined as characteristic protection. The remaining rural settlements are classified into three types (i.e., agglomeration and upgrading (high coordination), maintaining status quo (basic coordination), relocation and evacuation (endangered coordination)) according to the coordination level. Relocation and evacuation rural settlements are not suitable for villagers’ production and living and we encourage these villagers migrate to rural settlements that are more strongly connected in the residents’ social mobility network. Based on these findings, this paper provides a decision-making basis for rural planning and proposes an analytical framework for the optimization of rural settlements.

Critique and change: The “what”, “why”, “how”, and “so what”

Critique and change: The “what”, “why”, “how”, and “so what”

1920-30년대 상해 공공조계 행정 체계의 변화

The Mixed Court and Extra-Settlement Road in Shanghai International Settlement show us that there was no strict restriction or limitation of influence of the administration of International Settlement, since it could easily bypass physical boundary of the settlement, or even limitation for settlement administration. However, this system faced critical challenge from 1925, when foreign police of the International Settlement fired upon Chinese protesters.BR The Shanghai Chamber of Commerce almost immediately addressed their 13 demands, including unconditional and complete return of the Shanghai Mixed Court, though western ambassadors at pekin legation quarter did not agreed this. nevertheless, in Shanghai, the Shanghai Municipal Council tried to make common interest between westerners and prominent Chinese. BR At last from 1927, the Shanghai Mixed Court was abolished, and the Shanghai Provisional Court replaced it. The new court maitained many previous regulations and customs, and the influence of the police of the International Settlement still could not be ignored. However, Chinese people in and around the Settlement continued to demand their representation in settlement administration, and therefore, the present administrative system had no other way but to change itself.BR The construction of extra-settlement roads and administration of the SMC upon extra-settlement road areas were still continued in 1920s. SMC sent its police to maintain order in those areas, and took special taxes for supplying water or electricity. But the Chinese local government in Chapei area strengthened its influences in the same areas, by sending their own police forces and supplying their own city infrastructure. The Shanghai Chamber of Commerce, including in their 13 demands, requested to complete ban of constructing new extra-settlement road and return already built extra-settlement road. SMC tried to maintain status quo to defend their own interest, but they actually had no any counter-measure.BR Finally in July 1931 the SMC and the Shanghai local government made an provisional agreement that the local government take full right to police the areas and supply city infrastructure, while the SMC could send their police. Nevertheless, with the Japanese consul’s disagree, this agreement never accepted, and the whole matter was delayed until the Sino-Japanese war started.BR In result, after the May Thirtieth Movement, the existing administrative system of the Shanghai International Settlement was inevitably transformed into totally different form. It had to accept the Chinese representation in the SMC, while abandoned its influences in the Mixed Court and in the extra-settlement road areas.

Renewal of academic psychiatry without addressing gender equity will render it Jurassic rather than endangered.

While two editorials have raised concerns about the decline in Australian academic psychiatry, for a genuine rejuvenation to ever occur, we will need to re-examine how women can be better included in this important endeavour. While attainment of fellowship has reached gender parity, academic psychiatry has disappointingly lagged, with 80% of its senior leadership roles across Australia and New Zealand still held by men, with a similar situation in the United Kingdom and the United States as well as many other countries. Encouraging women into academic psychiatry is not only critical to progress as a profession but also will help address the current blindness to sex differences in biological psychiatry, as well the social impact of restrictive gender norms and the effects of gender-based violence on mental health. This potentially creates opportunities for significant gains and insights into mental disorders. However, addressing the barriers for women in academia requires tackling the entrenched disparities across salaries, grant funding, publications, teaching responsibilities, keynote invitations and academic promotions alongside the gender-based microaggressions, harassment and tokenism reported by many of our female academics. Many women must grapple with not just a 'second shift' but a 'third shift', making the burden of an academic career unreasonable and burnout more likely. Addressing this is no easy task. The varied research in academic medicine reveals no quick fixes, although promoting gender equity brings significant potential benefits. Areas such as academic psychiatry need to recognise our community's growing discomfort with workplaces that choose to maintain status quo. Gender equity must be a critical part of any quest to revive this important area of practice for our profession.

R&D investments in response to performance feedback: moderating effects of firm risk profile and business strategy

ABSTRACT R&D investments in response to performance feedback have been extensively studied. We show that both firm risk profile (i.e. low vs high risk) and business strategy (i.e. Prospector vs Defender), two aspects understudied in this context, have incremental moderating effects (both separate and joint) on this R&D-performance feedback relationship. Using a sample of US listed firms from 2000 to 2019, we observe that, when performance relative to aspiration level decreases (increases), without controlling for moderating effects of risk and strategy, firms tend to increase (decrease) R&D investments. However, as risk profile changes from low to high risk, responses to performance feedback tend to change from decreasing R&D or maintaining status quo to increasing R&D investments. We also find that, in response to performance deviation from aspiration level (regardless of the direction), Defenders tend to decrease R&D investments, regardless of risk profile, whereas Prospectors tend to increase R&D investments (maintain status quo) when their performance relative to aspiration level decreases (increases).

A Study of Existential Meaning of Balcony in Korean Apartment Housings : Based on Discoveries of Situational Settings in <Kim Ji Young, Born in 1982>

Literature, however fictional, is based on reiteration of realistic affairs supported by causal relationship and feasibility. Rather than to investigate from a view defaced to eliminate erroneous variables, this study aims to observe the particular relationship between space and the protagonist of the novel, 〈Kim Ji Young, Born in 1982〉 to infer existential meanings of modern balconies in Korean apartment housings. The story depicts how the modern Korean society neglects conflicts and sacrifices induced by gender inequality and patriarchy to maintain status quo. The balcony is where the protagonist falls back on to distance herself from what insinuates to have caused exhaustion and loneliness. People on balconies disengage in situations happening inside, while being made to remind whom they care about when they recognize the change of the weather. This occurrence is wired to our memes that have developed under the influence of fudo, establishing a foundation to develop common sense for community and having been repeated throughout the history. Most researches on balconies in Korea have concentrated on its functional aspects and its usage to expand interior space, increasing economic advantage. These new discoveries in meanings of balconies would enrich the range of interpretation of balconies and thus, living space.

Selective Engagement of US Naval Power in Maritime Conflicts: The Guardian of Freedom of Navigation

Since the Second World War, the United States has deterred conflictual behaviors over maritime claims that can impede the freedom of navigation, because it is essential for maintaining its leading position in the global system. Basically, many US naval warships operating in the sea clearly shows the US intention to maintain status quo and to prevent the occurrence of any types of disruptions in disputed maritime areas. However, it does not necessarily mean that the pacifying effect of US naval power is homogeneous to all maritime claims. When considering the vast area of the sea and the limited number of US naval warships, it is impossible to deploy an equal number of naval warships to all maritime areas. Therefore, the influence of US naval power in maintaining order in the sea is conditional based on the characteristic of maritime claims which can determine the US priority to use its naval power. This research finds that when maritime claims are related to the freedom of navigation, the pacifying effect of US naval power to maintain stability in the sea is increased.

Considerations for Developing a Reassessment Process: Report from the Canadian Real-World Evidence for Value of Cancer Drugs (CanREValue) Collaboration's Reassessment and Uptake Working Group.

The Canadian Real-world Evidence for Value in Cancer Drugs (CanREValue) Collaboration was established to develop a framework for generating and using real-world evidence (RWE) to inform the reassessment of cancer drugs following initial health technology assessment (HTA). The Reassessment and Uptake Working Group (RWG) is one of the five established CanREValue Working Groups. The RWG aims to develop considerations for incorporating RWE for HTA reassessment and strategies for using RWE to reassess drug funding decisions. Between February 2018 and December 2019, the RWG attended four teleconferences (with follow-up surveys) and two in-person meetings to discuss recommendations for the development of a reassessment process and potential barriers and facilitators. Modified Delphi methods were used to gather input. A draft report of recommendations (to December 2018) was shared for public consultation (December 2019 to January 2020). Initial considerations for developing a reassessment process were proposed. Specifically, reassessment can be initiated by diverse stakeholders, including decision makers from public drug plans or industry stakeholders. The reassessment process should be modelled after existing deliberation and recommendation frameworks used by HTA agencies. Proposed reassessment outcome categories include maintaining status quo, revisiting funding criteria, renegotiating price, or disinvesting. Overall, these initial considerations will serve as the basis for future advancements by the Collaboration.

Winners and losers: Conflict management through strategic policy engagement

AbstractIn high‐conflict policy debates, individuals often make strategic decisions about the ways in which they engage in efforts to influence the direction of the debate. Some individuals act to expand the scope of the conflict, whereas others would prefer to contain the scope of the conflict and maintain status quo. This study empirically examines the relationship between activities of political engagement and goals of conflict expansion or containment in a particular setting in which there are clear “winners” and “losers.” This research first explores the tactics an individual undertakes as either conflict expansion or containment. The patterns uncovered are then tested against sectoral affiliation, to draw conclusions about key factors that explain some variation in policy engagement. Findings confirm that there are predictable patterns to engagement decisions, paving the way for future testing in different policy arrangements.

(De-)legitimating Differentiated (dis)integration in the European Union: Between Technocratic and Populist Narratives

Differentiated integration and disintegration are considered key processes of the European project’s dynamics. Opt-outs and disintegration pressures are typically associated with laggards or proponents of ‘less Europe’ who do not wish to integrate further, but prefer to maintain status quo or take a step back. However, differentiation also serves the needs of champions of ‘more Europe’ who wish to move forward despite lack of unanimous support to do so. Both types of claims are constantly justified and contested as they constitute a deviation from a more traditional and uniform way of ‘doing integration’ in Europe. This article aims to deal with the differentiation/legitimation nexus in the EU and shed light on the politics of differentiation, while empirically examining legitimating and de-legitimating practices of differentiation as revealed in technocratic and populist narratives produced by major political actors in France, Poland and the United Kingdom. The article highlights flexible and complementary usages of both populist and technocratic narratives that allow to (de-)legitimate differentiation in line with domestic political agendas.

Poststructural Feminist Theology and Christian Education

In church tradition, cultural misappropriation has often legitimized unjust hierarchy rather than to challenge it. Under the rubric of culturalism, Christian Education has served to justify the oppressive system and maintain status quo as well. A feminist theologian, Rebecca Chopp argues that the contemporary Western culture has intensified narcissistic individualism and self-referentiality and has supported the powerful, while forced the marginalized to be silent. Chopp insists that the role, nature, and mission of Christianity is to provide Word and words of emancipatory transformation. She advocates poststructural feminist theology and aims at renewal of the socio-symbolic order in society by criticizing assumptions underneath language, culture and politics. In this study, we will review the interview with an Asian-American couple and disclose the underlying assumptions and hegemony which have contributed to maintain the male domineering system. I suggest that Christian education for emancipatory transformation should encourage the oppressed women to reflect critically the existing order and to restore their own voice through constructive intervention facilitating “plurivociy” and “problem-posing” dialogue. Proclaimation of transformative Word can empower the marginalized people to revision the world alternatives to monotheistic patriarchal modernism.

An Afrocentiric Exposition of Social-Economic Rights on One Hand as Well as Civil and Political Rights on the Other Hand

According to Black's Law Dictionary, a right means just, morally correct, consonant with ethical principles or rules of positive law. It is important to note that Human rights are defined by different scholars, that's why we are going to have different definitions in the following: human rights are rights we have simply because we exist as human beings and are not granted by the state but inherent. According to Equality and Humana Rights Commission, human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world from birth until death. They apply regardless of where one comes from, what he or she believes or how they choose to live their lives. They are based on shared values like dignity, equality, fairness, respect, and independence. According to Stanford Encyclopedia of philosophy, Human rights are norms that aspire to protect all people everywhere from severe political, legal, and social abuses. Generally, Human Rights are those rights which provide basic standard to humans to live with dignity and maintain status quo in the society. Human Rights can also be defined as the rights we have simply because we exist as Human beings and they are not granted by the state for they are inherent universally regardless of color, religion, language, or ethnic origin as they are fundamental such as right to life, education, work, health and liberty. The concept of Human Rights was evolved in 539 B.C when the city of Babylon was subjugated by the King of Ancient Oersia, Cyprus who stopped slavery and endorsed citizen to follow their necessary religion and outcasts any kind of racial discrimination and these rights are intrinsic in nature and should be provided to all human beings without any discrimination on the basis of religion, caste, color or language. The two world wars led to the foundation of United Nations, which was formed to maintain peace between countries and protect people from any kind of atrocities faced by them thus the UN (United Nations) body of law known as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights which created mandate to the government to provide necessary rights and protect them from their outrages. With the forming of Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 and establishing two important covenant which were the international covenant on civil and political rights and international covenant on economic, Social and cultural Rights which were treated as international law after their enforcement on 1976 they were treated as international law after their enforcement in 1976 they were new face of Human Rights guaranteed by these covenant would be dealt by international laws in any part of the world.

Sexual Harassment at the Workplace Act: Providing Redress or Maintaining Status Quo?

Sexual Harassment at the Workplace Act: Providing Redress or Maintaining Status Quo?

Sexual Harassment at the Workplace Act: Providing Redress or Maintaining Status Quo?

Despite a law against sexual harassment of women at the workplace, persons holding high offices, including senior judges, seem to enjoy impunity. By critically examining the allegations made against Justice Ranjan Gogoi (retd), former Chief Justice of India, and analysing five other cases of sexual harassment, we highlight how women are routinely denied justice. In doing so, we ask: are women actually able to file complaints of sexual harassment without the fear of facing a backlash? And do they ultimately get justice when they do so? We argue that the implementation of the law against sexual harassment is mediated by caste, class and gender, both of the survivor and of the perpetrator. We point to a changing polity that makes laws, guarantees and protections for women, but stumbles in implementing them in a fair and non-arbitrary manner.