Mainstream Orientation Research Articles

The Association of Acculturation and Well-Being: Second-Generation Immigrants in Switzerland

In recent decades, there has been a rapid increase in immigration rates throughout Europe, and many immigrants remained permanently. As a result, a substantial part of society are second-generation immigrants. Despite an increase in research related to this population, predominantly from the US, it remains unknown, whether growing up and living in two cultures fosters immigrants’ subjective well-being. The present study investigated the association between acculturation (here heritage and mainstream culture orientation) and subjective well-being of second-generation immigrants in Switzerland. We further ran a multigroup analyses for women and men separately. Data of N = 492 adult children of immigrants (66% women; Mage = 32.39, SDage = 10.46) were analyzed. Structural equation modelling showed that both orientation toward heritage and toward mainstream culture were positively related to subjective well-being, and that this was moderated by gender. Furthermore, the interaction between both kinds of orientation had a significant effect on subjective well-being. The study addresses several gaps in the existing research literature in three key ways: (1) it adds a European perspective; (2) it focuses on understudied second-generation immigrants; (3) it measures acculturation bilinear and multidimensional, as is required theoretically. Moreover, the findings may contribute to a more nuanced public discourse, where the significance of both mainstream orientation and heritage culture is occasionally called into question.

Osobenosti kodifikacije hadiske predaje

In addition to presenting the classic hadith scholars’ work on protecting the hadith material from insertions and modifications as well as presenting the developmental stages of the hadith science, this paper aims to represent some specificities of the hadith narrations such as the shortest sened (sulasijjat) by which the narration reached the most important encoders – the compilers of hadith collections, in particular imam Bukhari, as well as the sened which scholars evaluated as the most authentic (es-silsile ez-zehebijje). The paper points to the exceptional importance of referring to the written, original source of narration in today’s time, and the unjustified nature of the initiative for redefining the criteria for narration evaluation, especially if it is based solely on the desire to adapt a faith source which is universal and timeless to passing, contemporary civilizational achievements and mainstream orientations of the time in which we live.

Multiple pathways of integration: Acculturative change and associations with school adjustment in immigrant-origin adolescents.

Tracing developmental pathways of immigrant-origin adolescents, this 3-year longitudinal study (2012-2015) examined within-person changes in cultural orientations and their consequences for school adjustment. Multivariate latent growth mixture modeling confirmed multiple pathways of integration, revealing variable acculturative changes along dual trajectories of heritage and mainstream orientations among European-origin (N=592, Mage =14.45, 55.1% boys) and Turkish- and Moroccan-origin adolescents (N=1269, Mage =14.70, 53.1% boys). Two trajectories for European-origin adolescents differed in heritage orientations (high decreasing and low increasing); for Turkish- and Moroccan-origin adolescents, three trajectories differed in mainstream orientations (high stable, low increasing, and high decreasing). Acculturative change affected aspects of later school adjustment: European-origin adolescents in high heritage orientation trajectories reported more belonging and emotional engagement; Turkish- and Moroccan-origin adolescents in high mainstream orientation trajectories reported more behavioral engagement.

Energy Oriented Concepts and Other SMART WORLD Trends as Game Changers of Co-Production—Reality or Future?

The aim of the study is to identify, map and assess the maturity and impact level of the specific energy-oriented economy and other SMART management concepts and social, technological, finance (economical), environmental, and communication (S.T.F.E.C.) trends which arose from the dynamic development and spread of the Industry 4.0 revolution on processes of effective competitiveness and the creation of modern enterprises. The article presents data and information obtained thanks to an in-depth review of the literature (extensive desk research), as well as that obtained as part of the conducted CAWI pilot study. The authors aim to search for answers to three specific research questions, concluding that recently, special attention is paid to such issues as co-creation and co-production, energy-oriented and circular economy, eco-energy, and sustainability. The findings of this study clearly show that in the SMART WORLD era, there is a growing interest in cooperation, co-creation, co-production issues, and usage of modern technologies and SMART management concepts typical of the Industry 4.0 era. The main reason for this is that enterprises strive to optimize and maximize their efficiency in the processes of competitiveness creation. Researched data allows us to conclude that openness to social, environmental, and technological trends and issues, with an approach based on sustainable and eco-energy-oriented development, play an increasingly important role. However, the level of their importance, implementation level, and maturity differ depending on the type of organization or industry. For example, service and trade companies more often than production companies use and rate the usefulness of social trends higher (reality = mainstream orientation for S&T companies and a future orientation for production companies), while production companies apply a more balanced approach, showing greater commitment to economic technological, environmental and financial trends (reality = mainstream orientation for production companies and a future orientation for trade and services companies). Given that the study shows and describes preliminary research results (pilot studies), the authors plan to undertake further efforts in the in-depth scientific exploration of the issues concerned, including, which is particularly important, conducting full-scale research.

Harlem Pimps’ Accounts of Their Economic Pathways and Feelings of Insiderness and Outsiderness

This study analyzes semi-structured interviews with 85 pimps in New York City to explore how pimps discuss their economic pathways – i.e., how their pimping leads to distinct types of work outcomes and how they discuss their associated feelings and attitudes. We compare younger (18-23) to older (24-67) pimps, anticipating that younger participants would be more adaptive and produce discourse less entrenched in outsider thinking. Pimps’ movements between licit and illicit work worlds mirror those of drifters (Matza, 1964) and align with Murphy and Robinson’s (2008) concept of maximizers (i.e., economically benefiting from both work worlds simultaneously). Younger pimps, despite their at-risk status, boast of several distinct advantages in moving between worlds, such as flexibility and technological savvy. How pimps’ experiences in both worlds connect to insider (mainstream orientation) or outsider discourse (oppositional orientation) is also examined. Many older pimps who identify as ‘hustlers’ express oppositional discourse that aligns with Sandberg’s (2009) ‘gangster’ discourse. Those pimping to survive tend to express ‘oppression’ discourse. Despite their at-risk statuses, many younger pimps demonstrate a hybrid (insider/outsider) orientation, which is one of versatility where participants describe an ability to master both illicit and licit worlds or at least maximize their opportunities by participating in both worlds.

Consuming abjection: an examination of death and disgust in the black metal scene

ABSTRACTThis paper examines abjection in the context of the extreme (black) metal scene. Moving beyond the ritual-heavy, community work that dominates much of the death-related consumption literature, our study pieces together death, violence, misanthropy, blood and social tensions to create novel insights into the consumption of disgust. Based on our interview and participant observation methodologies, we present work that explains how death-oriented consumption and abjection is manifested for some consumers and actually plays a role as an affront to mainstream orientations and the greater social order. Additionally, our work indicates that the use of abjection can be seen as a boundary and source of delineation between the “acceptable” and the “unacceptable” in society.

Acculturation and School Adjustment of Immigrant Youth in Six European Countries: Findings from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA).

School adjustment determines long-term adjustment in society. Yet, immigrant youth do better in some countries than in others. Drawing on acculturation research (Berry, 1997; Ward, 2001) and self-determination theory (Ryan and Deci, 2000), we investigated indirect effects of adolescent immigrants’ acculturation orientations on school adjustment (school-related attitudes, truancy, and mathematics achievement) through school belonging. Analyses were based on data from the Programme for International Student Assessment from six European countries, which were combined into three clusters based on their migrant integration and multicultural policies: Those with the most supportive policies (Belgium and Finland), those with moderately supportive policies (Italy and Portugal), and those with the most unsupportive policies (Denmark and Slovenia). In a multigroup path model, we confirmed most associations. As expected, mainstream orientation predicted higher belonging and better outcomes in all clusters, whereas the added value of students’ ethnic orientation was only observed in some clusters. Results are discussed in terms of differences in acculturative climate and policies between countries of settlement.

Acculturation and School Adjustment of Early-Adolescent Immigrant Boys and Girls in Germany: Conditions in School, Family, and Ethnic Group

Navigating between cultures in addition to developmental changes and challenges in early adolescence can be difficult. We investigated school, family, and ethnic group as conditions for acculturation and school adjustment among early-adolescent boys and girls. Analyses were based on 860 mostly second- and third-generation immigrant students from 71 countries (50% male; Mage = 11.59 years), attending German secondary schools. Perceived support for inclusion and integration in school and family were associated with a stronger orientation toward both cultures (integration) and better adjustment (e.g., higher school marks, more well-being). Perceived cultural distance and ethnic discrimination were associated with a stronger ethnic and weaker mainstream orientation (separation), and lower adjustment. Boys perceived contextual conditions more negatively, had a weaker mainstream orientation, and showed more behavioral problems but did not differ from girls in the associations between contextual conditions and acculturation and adjustment. Implications for research, policy, and practice are discussed.

Understanding parental locus of control in Latino parents: Examination of cultural influences and help-seeking intentions for childhood ADHD.

To address the disparities that exist in utilization of mental health services for ADHD among Latino families and to further our understanding of factors that influence parents' decisions to seek treatment for ADHD, the goal of the current study was to examine parental locus of control (PLOC) in a community sample of Latino parents. Specifically, the current study investigated cultural influences on PLOC, as well as the influence of PLOC on help-seeking. Seventy-four primarily Spanish-speaking, Latino parents of school-age children completed measures to assess their help-seeking intentions, PLOC, and cultural orientation. Results indicated that U.S. mainstream orientation was associated with increased feelings of parental control and decreased beliefs in fate/chance and several Latino cultural values were associated with increased beliefs in fate/chance, and decreased feelings of parental efficacy and parental control. In addition, 2 PLOC domains (e.g., parental efficacy and fate/chance) were associated with beliefs that the behaviors of a child with ADHD would go away on their own. Results highlight the need for interventions aimed at modifying parenting behavior to take parents' cultural beliefs and values into account in order to accommodate and engage Latino families more effectively.

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Is Prospectively Associated With Early Trajectories of Acculturation Among New International Students

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a marker of parasympathetic activity hypothesized to index a neurophysiological system supporting social engagement behaviors. Following migration, people must navigate and adapt to a new sociocultural environment. Whether RSA affects this psychological acculturation process is unknown. This longitudinal study investigated whether resting RSA on arrival in the receiving country was related to changes in cultural orientations toward both mainstream and heritage cultural groups during the first 5 months following migration. Sixty new international students provided information on their cultural orientations toward the mainstream and heritage cultural groups shortly after arrival in the new country and 2 and 5 months after the first assessment. Results indicated that both heritage and mainstream orientations increased linearly over time. Furthermore, greater resting RSA at baseline was prospectively associated with larger increases in positive orientation toward the mainstream culture but not the heritage culture, over and above individual differences in extraversion, depression, and anxiety. These data provide longitudinal evidence that higher RSA promotes an approach-oriented stance toward a novel cultural environment.

Parent–Child Conflict, Acculturation Gap, Acculturative Stress, and Behavior Problems in Arab American Adolescents

The current study examined how acculturation gap, acculturative stress, parent–child conflict, and behavior problems are related in a sample of Arab American adolescents. Seventy-six parent–child dyads completed questionnaires assessing acculturation, parent–child conflict, and behavior problems. Parents and adolescents reported similar levels of acculturation on American mainstream orientation as well as on Arab heritage orientation. Regression analyses showed that the acculturation gap between parents and children in heritage cultural orientation significantly predicted adolescent behavior problems. Mediation analyses revealed that adolescent-reported parent–child conflict partially mediated the relation between acculturative stress and behavior problems. Parent-reported parent–child conflict partially mediated the relation between the acculturation gap and behavior problems. Current findings highlight the importance of examining adolescents’ and parents’ acculturation as well as the underpinnings of parent–child conflict in Arab American families.

Race–Ethnicity and Culture in the Family and Youth Outcomes: Test of a Path Model with Korean American Youth and Parents

This study examined the interplay of parental racial-ethnic socialization and youth multidimensional cultural orientations to investigate how they indirectly and directly influence youth depressive symptoms and antisocial behaviors. Using data from the Korean American Families (KAF) Project (220 youths, 272 mothers, and 164 fathers, N = 656), this study tested the relationships concurrently, longitudinally, and accounting for earlier youth outcomes. The main findings include that racial-ethnic socialization is significantly associated with mainstream and ethnic cultural orientation among youth, which in turn influences depressive symptoms (but not antisocial behaviors). More specifically, parental racial-ethnic identity and pride discourage youth mainstream orientation, whereas cultural socialization in the family, as perceived by youth, increases ethnic orientation. These findings suggest a varying impact of racial-ethnic socialization on the multidimensional cultural orientations of youth. Korean language proficiency of youth was most notably predictive of a decrease in the number of depressive symptoms concurrently, longitudinally, and after controlling for previous levels of depressive symptoms. English language proficiency was also associated with a decrease in depressive symptoms, implying a benefit of bilingualism.

Analysis on Sports Shoes Design under the Guidance of the Green Design Concept

This paper gives introduction of the meaning of green design, as we have to realize all kinds of design should follow the principle of saving energy and emission reduction. Secondly further analysis on sports hoes design under the guidance of green design idea is given, such as style design, design methods and means, the choice of environmental materials and easy matching performance with apparel. And finally this paper concludes that environmental friendly green design products and consumption will become the future markets mainstream orientation.

Spatial variations in apparent recharge rate to a montane Paleozoic bedrock aquifer, Appalachian Mountains, United States

Hydrograph separation methods for estimating recharge are not useful in all watersheds, but in this article, the hypothesis is tested that they should be reasonably accurate in montane humid locations where dissipation times for runoff are short. The study area is a montane carbonate/clastic Paleozoic aquifer in the Appalachian Mountains, West Virginia and Virginia. For 1 yr, groundwater discharge was continuously measured at three different stream reaches; each has grossly similar climate, soils, and topography, but differing geology underlying the main stream channels and different stream orientations with respect to structure. One station measured base flow in a strike-parallel stream of moderate length (13.4 km [8.3 mi]); the other two in strike-normal streams of shorter length (2.7 km [1.7 mi]). Pronounced differences were observed in apparent recharge rate between the strike-normal and strike-parallel streams, with the strike-parallel stream similar in apparent recharge to 21 other regional streams, with both large and small catchments, of similar climatic and geologic conditions. Similarly, the strike-normal streams in the study area were significantly lower in recharge compared with these. The precise location of stream losses, if any, could not be pinpointed in detailed streamflow measurements. Although the low apparent recharge rates are primarily ascribed to stream losses, underflow, and/or hyporheic interactions, the evidence for this was nonconclusive. This case underscores that even in humid montane settings of moderate relief, complications in the groundwater budget may arise that make recharge estimates based on surface hydrograph analysis inaccurate.

Soul and Soullessness

maginal psychology is a newly coalescing orientation within the field of psychology with an ancient taproot. The orientation of imaginal psychology may be situated alongside the four other orientations to psychology: cognitive behavioral, depth, humanistic, and transpersonal. Aftab Omer, a primary voice within imaginal psychology and an important influence of mine, distinguishes these five orientations according to the primary concern of each one (2003).1 For cognitive behavioral the original primary concern 80 years ago was behavior, to which mind was added approximately 40 years ago. Within this orientation, the Greek word psyche is often translated as “mind” and psychology as “the study of the mind”. Cognitive behavioral psychology, the predominant mainstream orientation, reflects the biases of the modern cultural context from which it emerged, with its emphasis on cognition and behavior.The other four alternative orientations continue to address certain limitations found within cognitive behavioral psychology, such as its reliance on the hard sciences as the model and standard for the study of the human psyche and its ahistorical nature (Omer, 2003). In becoming established as a modern academic discipline, psychology lost connection to its ancient roots (Omer, 2003). The primary concern for depth psychology centers on the relationship between the conscious and the unconscious. Within humanistic psychology, the primary concern is personhood, and more specifically, self-actualization and the potential of the person. The primary concern within transpersonal psychology is consciousness, with a focus on altered states of consciousness.

Cultural mediation in library and information science (LIS) teaching and learning

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to attempt to highlight the importance of culturally mediated instruction in library and information science (LIS) teaching and learning.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses three distinct approaches in culturally mediated instruction and learning environment, as product, process, and philosophy. The paper deals with the general concept of the cultural dimension of human development through identification of students who are culturally different from the main stream orientation, by creating culturally mediated instruction in a learning environment The paper further elaborates the role of LIS schools in this direction. It concludes by suggesting ways in which LIS education could be improved by being inclusive with the changing global society and its needs.FindingsIt is evident that culturally inclusive instruction can enhance the learning of LIS students who are responsive to the needs of their diverse communities and who are able to be change agents to their institutions and professions.Originality/valueThe paper presents ways by which LIS educators can create a better learning environment base inclusive of all cultures represented in the classroom. It redefines diversity of library education in a culturally mediated teaching and learning environment.

LO CONOCIDO, LO IGNORADO Y LO QUE NECESITAMOS INVESTIGAR. DISTRITO FEDERAL, ZONA METROPOLITANA DEL VALLE DE MÉXICO, CIUDAD REGIÓN DEL CENTRO

Este artículo presenta una visión general de las orientaciones predominantes, en las investigaciones sobre la Ciudad de México, en las que se observan serios problemas de fragmentación al hacer poco énfasis en el funcionamiento de la ciudad, como totalidad. Para el autor es necesario que se conciba al Distrito Federal como una parte de la ciudad real constituida por la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México. De lo anterior, surge la necesidad de abordar los temas de investigación en escala metropolitana o, al menos, de insertar los estudios fragmentarios en este “contexto”, más general. Asimismo se hace mención de algunos campos de investigación que es necesario conocer, como estratégicos, para el cambio estructural de la metrópoli.

The implications of digital rights management for privacy and freedom of expression

This paper aims to examine some of the broader social consequences of enabling digital rights management. The authors suggest that the current, mainstream orientation of digital rights management systems could have the effect of shifting certain public powers into the invisible hands of private control. Focusing on two central features of digital rights management ‐ their surveillance function and their ability to unbundle copyrights into discrete and custom‐made products ‐ the authors conclude that a promulgation of the current use of digital rights management has the potential to seriously undermine our fundamental public commitments to personal privacy and freedom of expression.

Research Policy and Practice in Person-centered and Experiential Therapy: Restoring coherence / Forschungspolitik und -praxis in Personzentrierter und Experienzieller Therapie: Wiederherstellung von Kohärenz / Políticas y Práctica de Investigación en Terapia Centrada en la Persona y Experiencial: Restaurando la Coherencia

One of the distinctive and innovative characteristics of the emergence of client-centred therapy as a mainstream orientation in the period 1945–1965 was the use of research as a means of advancing theory, research and practice. It is widely accepted that the level of research into what became known as the experiential therapies declined and fragmented over the following decades. However, the publication of two major research-based Handbooks in recent years indicates a resurgence in research around on person-centred and experiential therapy. The aim of this paper is to explore the significance of these recent developments and, specifically, to examine the relevance for contemporary practitioners and researchers of the approach taken by Carl Rogers and his colleagues in major research programmes based at Chicago and Wisconsin. The main message of the paper is that, despite the important differences that exist between the professional environments of the 1950s and now, the ‘client-centred’ research programme achieved a level of coherence that is lacking in current research policy and practice.

Social Constructivism and the School Literacy Learning of Students of Diverse Backgrounds

This theoretical review builds on the idea that social constructivism offers implications for reshaping schooling in ways that may correct the gap between the literacy achievement of students of diverse backgrounds and that of mainstream students. A diverse social con-structivist perspective may encourage literacy educators to progress from a mainstream orientation toward a serious consideration of the significance of students' ethnicity, primary language, and social class to literacy learning. From a social constructivistperspective, 5 explanations for the literacy achievement gap appear plausible: linguistic differences, cultural differences, discrimination, inferior education, and rationales for schooling. Incorporating these 5 explanations and building on the work of Cummins (1986, 1994), a conceptual framework for addressing the literacy achievement gap is proposed. This framework suggests that the school literacy learning of students of diverse backgrounds will be improved as educators address the goal of instruction, the role of the home language, instructional materials, classroom management and interaction with students, relationships with the community, instructional methods, and assessment.