Main Version Research Articles

ONLY CONNECT? NETWORK ANALYSIS AND RELIGIOUS CHANGE IN THE ROMAN WORLD

The emergence during the Roman Empire of new religious forms and groups alongside the collective cults of the city and ruler worship invites analysis in terms of various kinds of network theory. Some of the main version of network theory currently in use are examined, and their applicability to ancient material is discussed and assessed. Network thinking turns out to be very useful, but the problems in conducting a more formal network analysis are formidable. Network theory does allow us to approach religious change from new directions and two models of change in current use – conversion as contagion, and religious change as the spread of idea – are examined. Thinking about religious change in these terms forces historians to formulate more precise descriptions of change as a process that involves socialization and the routinization of new habits and rituals, as well as a process of learning a new way of imagining and describing the cosmos.

Predictive Validity of the STarT Back Tool for Risk of Persistent Disabling Back Pain in a U.S. Primary Care Setting

ObjectiveTo examine the predictive validity of the Subgrouping for Targeted Treatment (STarT Back) tool for classifying people with back pain into categories of low, medium, and high risk of persistent disabling back pain in U.S. primary care. DesignSecondary analysis of data from participants receiving usual care in a randomized clinical trial. SettingPrimary care clinics. ParticipantsAdults (N = 1109) ≥18 years of age with back pain. Those with specific causes of back pain (pregnancy, disc herniation, vertebral fracture, spinal stenosis) and work-related injuries were not included. InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresThe original 9-item version of the STarT Back tool, administered at baseline, stratified patients by their risk (low, medium, high) of persistent disabling back pain (STarT Back risk group). Persistent disabling back pain was defined as Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire scores of ≥7 at 6-month follow-up. ResultsThe STarT Back risk group was a significant predictor of persistent disabling back pain (P<.0001) at 6-month follow-up. The proportion of individuals with persistent disabling back pain at follow-up was 22% (95% confidence interval [CI] 18-25) in the low-risk group, 62% (95% CI 57-67) in the medium-risk group, and 80% (95% CI 75-85) in the high-risk group. The relative risk of persistent disabling back pain was 2.9 (95% CI 2.4-3.5) in the medium-risk group compared to the low-risk group, and 3.7 (95% CI 3.1-4.4) in the high-risk group. ConclusionsThe STarT Back risk groups successfully separated people with back pain into distinct categories of risk for persistent disabling back pain at 6-month follow-up in U.S. primary care. These results were very similar to those in the original STarT Back validation study. This validation study is a necessary first step toward identifying whether the entire STarT Back approach, including matched/targeted treatment, can be effectively used for primary care in the United States.

An optical catalog of galaxy clusters obtained from an adaptive matched filter finder applied to SDSS DR9 data

We present a new galaxy cluster catalog constructed from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 9 (SDSS DR9) using an Adaptive Matched Filter (AMF) technique. Our catalog has 46,479 galaxy clusters with richness Λ200 > 20 in the redshift range 0.045 ≤ z < 0.641 in ∼11,500 deg2 of the sky. Angular position, richness, core and virial radii and redshift estimates for these clusters, as well as their error analysis, are provided as part of this catalog. In addition to the main version of the catalog, we also provide an extended version with a lower richness cut, containing 79,368 clusters. This version, in addition to the clusters in the main catalog, also contains those clusters (with richness 10 < Λ200 < 20) which have a one-to-one match in the DR8 catalog developed by Wen et al.(WHL). We obtain probabilities for cluster membership for each galaxy and implement several procedures for the identification and removal of false cluster detections.We cross-correlate the main AMF DR9 catalog with a number of cluster catalogs in different wavebands (Optical, X–ray). We compare our catalog with other SDSS-based ones such as the redMaPPer (26,350 clusters) and the Wen et al. (WHL) (132,684 clusters) in the same area of the sky and in the overlapping redshift range. We match 97% of the richest Abell clusters (Richness group 3), the same as WHL, while redMaPPer matches ∼ 90% of these clusters. Considering AMF DR9 richness bins, redMaPPer does not have one-to-one matches for 70% of our lowest richness clusters (20 < Λ200 < 40), while WHL matches 54% of these missed clusters (not present in redMaPPer). redMaPPer consistently does not possess one-to-one matches for ∼ 20% AMF DR9 clusters with Λ200 > 40, while WHL matches ≥ 70% of these missed clusters on average. For comparisons with X-ray clusters, we match the AMF catalog with BAX, MCXC and a combined catalog from NORAS and REFLEX. We consistently obtain a greater number of one-to-one matches for X–ray clusters across higher luminosity bins (Lx > 6 × 1044 ergs/sec) than redMaPPer while WHL matches the most clusters overall. For the most luminous clusters (Lx > 8), our catalog performs equivalently to WHL. This new catalog provides a wider sample than redMaPPer while retaining many fewer objects than WHL.

Wheelchair Skills Capacity and Performance of Manual Wheelchair Users With Spinal Cord Injury

ObjectivesTo describe the wheelchair skills capacity and performance of experienced manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to assess measurement properties of the Wheelchair Skills Test (WST) and Wheelchair Skills Test Questionnaire (WST-Q). DesignCross-sectional descriptive study involving within-subject comparisons. SettingFour Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems centers. ParticipantsManual wheelchair users with SCI (N=117). InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresWST and WST-Q version 4.2 as well as measures for Confidence, Basic Mobility, Independence, Ability to Participate, Satisfaction, and Pain Interference. ResultsThe median (interquartile range) values for WST capacity, WST-Q capacity, and WST-Q performance were 81.0% (69.0%–90.0%), 88.0% (77.0%–97.0%), and 76.0% (66.3%–84.0%). The total WST capacity scores correlated significantly with the total WST-Q capacity scores (r=.76; P<.01) and WST-Q performance scores (r=.55; P<.01). The total WST-Q capacity and WST-Q performance scores were correlated significantly (r=.63; P<.001). Success rates were <75% for 10 of the 32 (31%) individual skills on the WST and 6 of the 32 (19%) individual skills on the WST-Q. Regression models for the total WST and WST-Q measures identified statistically significant predictors including age, sex, body mass index, and/or level of injury. The WST and WST-Q measures correlated significantly with the Confidence, Basic Mobility, Independence, or Pain Interference measures. ConclusionsMany people with SCI are unable to or do not perform some of the wheelchair skills that would allow them to participate more fully. More wheelchair skills training may enhance participation and quality of life of adults with SCI. The WST and WST-Q exhibit good content, construct, and concurrent validity.

Exploratory Validation of a Multidimensional Power Wheelchair Outcomes Toolkit

ObjectiveTo evaluate the relation among the measures in a power wheelchair outcomes toolkit. DesignWe performed path analysis of cross-sectional data from self-report questionnaires and 1 objective measure. SettingSix sites. ParticipantsA convenience sample of power wheelchair users (N=128). Most (n=69; 53.9%) participants were women. Multiple sclerosis and spinal cord injury/disease were the most common diagnoses. InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresThe power wheelchair version of the Wheelchair Skills Test version 4.1 was used to carry out an objective evaluation of capacity to perform 32 wheelchair skills. The Late-Life Disability Index measured frequency of participation in 16 life activities. The Life-Space Assessment measured independence, extent, and frequency of mobility. The Assistive Technology Outcomes Profile for Mobility was used to assess perceived difficulty performing activity and participation using assistive technology. The Wheelchair Use Confidence Scale for powered wheelchair users captured users' self-efficacy with wheelchair use. ResultsWheelchair confidence was independently associated with less difficulty with activity (β=.028, P=.002) and participation (β=.225, P<.001), increased life space (β=.095, P<.003), and greater wheelchair skills (β=.30, P<.001). Less perceived difficulty with activity was independently associated with increased frequency of participation (β=.55, P<.001). Life-space mobility was independently associated with increased frequency of participation (β=.167, P<.001). Less difficulty with participation was independently associated with greater life-space mobility (β=.59, P<.001) and greater frequency of participation (β=.13, P<.001). ConclusionsThis study provides empirical support for the measures included as part of the power wheelchair outcomes toolkit. They appear to provide complementary information on a variety of constructs related to power wheelchair use.

PREVALENCIA DEL SÍNDROME DE QUEMARSE POR EL TRABAJO Y VARIABLES SOCIODEMOGRÁFICAS EN UN GRUPO DE MAESTRAS DE MONTEVIDEO

El síndrome de quemarse por el trabajo (SQT) es una respuesta al estrés crónico relacionado con la actividad laboral. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de este síndrome en maestras en Montevideo. La muestra no probabilística e intencional fue de 71 maestras pertenecientes a cuatro colegios de la capital del país. Los niveles de SQT fueron evaluados mediante el Cuestionario de Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo (CESQT) (Gil-Monte, 2011), versión principal. El porcentaje de participantes que mostraron la presencia del Síndrome fue de 21.4% del total de la muestra (Perfil 1) y 1,4% de la muestra (1 maestra) con altos niveles de culpa (Perfil 2). La dimensión que puntuó más alto fue Desgaste psíquico 28.2%, seguido por Indolencia 17.1%. Las maestras con presencia del SQT tienen mayoritariamente entre 41 a 50 años (58%), casadas o en pareja (24%), solteras (25%). Respecto a los años a cargo de un grupo, el 40% se encuentra en el rango de 21 a 25 años. Se discuten los resultados y limitaciones del estudio y se sugieren como un aporte a tener en cuenta en programas de intervención en salud en nuestro medio.

Fear Avoidance Behavior, Not Walking Endurance, Predicts the Community Reintegration of Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors

ObjectiveTo examine the contribution of walking endurance, subjective balance confidence, and fear avoidance behavior to community reintegration among community-dwelling stroke survivors. DesignCross-sectional study. SettingUniversity-based rehabilitation center. ParticipantsPatients with chronic stroke (N=57) aged ≥50 years. InterventionsNone. Main Outcome MeasureThe Chinese version of the Community Integration Measure (CIM). ResultsOur correlation analyses revealed that fear avoidance behavior as measured by the Chinese version of the Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (SAFE) scores had the highest significant negative correlation with CIM scores among all the variables tested. Our regression analyses also revealed that walking endurance and subjective balance confidence were not significant predictors of CIM scores. Based on scores on the number of falls in the previous 6 months, Chinese version of the Geriatric Depression Scale scores, distance covered in the 6-minute walk test, and Chinese versions of the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale scores and SAFE scores, our final regression model predicted 49.7% of the variance in the Chinese version of the CIM scores. ConclusionsThe levels of walking endurance and subjective balance confidence are not significant predictors of community reintegration of community-dwelling stroke survivors but the fear avoidance behavior. Future studies addressing fear avoidance behavior is clearly warranted for stroke rehabilitation.

Health-Related Profiles of People With Lower Limb Loss

ObjectivesTo construct profiles of self-reported health indicators to examine differences and similarities between people with lower limb loss and a normative sample (hereafter called the norm) and to compare health indicators between subgroups based on level and etiology of limb loss. DesignSurvey. SettingGeneral community. ParticipantsAdults with unilateral lower limb loss (N=1091) participated in this study. Eligibility criteria included lower limb loss due to trauma or dysvascular complications and regular use of a prosthesis. InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresThe Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System 29-item Health Profile version 1.0 measures physical function, pain interference, fatigue, sleep disturbance, anxiety, depression, and satisfaction with participation in social roles. The norm includes 5239 individuals representative of the U.S. general population in sex, age, race, ethnicity, and education. ResultsPeople with lower limb loss reported statistically significantly worse physical function, pain interference, and satisfaction with participation in social roles and significantly less fatigue than did the norm. People with transfemoral (ie, above-knee) amputation significantly differed in physical function from people with transtibial (ie, below-knee) amputation. Similarly, people with amputation due to trauma and dysvascular etiology significantly differed in physical function and satisfaction with social roles after adjusting for relevant clinical characteristics. ConclusionsPeople with lower limb loss generally report worse physical function, pain interference, and satisfaction with social roles than do the norm. People with dysvascular amputation reported worse physical function and satisfaction with social roles than did people with traumatic amputation. Health indicator profiles are an efficient way of providing clinically meaningful information about numerous aspects of self-reported health in people with lower limb loss.

Architectural Tectonics as a “Living Pattern” of Building Structures

The paper considers tectonics, one of the main means of architectural composition. Analysis is made of different approaches to this notion. It is established as the main version in the understanding of architectural tectonics as a plastic image of tension distribution in a constructive system of a concrete object. Considered at this viewing angle are specific forms of the tectonic expression of different constructive systems and epochs, from antiquity to modern times. A typology of tectonic systems is presented. Singled out are graphic, naturally authentic, “natural”, false and neutral tectonic systems. Emphasized is the secondary character of the task of achieving the tectonic imagery in most of the historic epochs. Accentuated is the start-up condition of forming a tectonically expressive architectural form, the anthropologic nature of the ancient architectural creative endeavors. A conclusion is made on completion of the centuries-long era of development of historic systems of tectonic imagery and on transition to the era of “natural” tectonics without pre-established imagery. Forecast is given for development of non-tectonic architectural structures approaching, in terms of principles of formation, a large-scale design or sculptural plastics.

Classical Test Theory and Rasch Analysis Validation of the Upper Limb Functional Index in Subjects With Upper Limb Musculoskeletal Disorders

ObjectiveTo perform a comprehensive analysis of the psychometric properties and dimensionality of the Upper Limb Functional Index (ULFI) using both classical test theory and Rasch analysis (RA). DesignProspective, single-group observational design. SettingFreestanding rehabilitation center. ParticipantsConvenience sample of Italian-speaking subjects with upper limb musculoskeletal disorders (N=174). InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresThe Italian version of the ULFI. Data were analyzed using parallel analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and RA for evaluating dimensionality, functioning of rating scale categories, item fit, hierarchy of item difficulties, and reliability indices. ResultsParallel analysis revealed 2 factors explaining 32.5% and 10.7% of the response variance. RA confirmed the failure of the unidimensionality assumption, and 6 items out of the 25 misfitted the Rasch model. When the analysis was rerun excluding the misfitting items, the scale showed acceptable fit values, loading meaningfully to a single factor. Item separation reliability and person separation reliability were .98 and .89, respectively. Cronbach alpha was .92. ConclusionsRA revealed weakness of the scale concerning dimensionality and internal construct validity. However, a set of 19 ULFI items defined through the statistical process demonstrated a unidimensional structure, good psychometric properties, and clinical meaningfulness. These findings represent a useful starting point for further analyses of the tool (based on modern psychometric approaches and confirmatory factor analysis) in larger samples, including different patient populations and nationalities.

Chebyshev type inequalities for Hilbert space operators

We establish several operator extensions of the Chebyshev inequality. The main version deals with the Hadamard product of Hilbert space operators. More precisely, we prove that if A is a C⁎-algebra, T is a compact Hausdorff space equipped with a Radon measure μ, α:T→[0,+∞) is a measurable function and (At)t∈T, (Bt)t∈T are suitable continuous fields of operators in A having the synchronous Hadamard property, then∫Tα(s)dμ(s)∫Tα(t)(At∘Bt)dμ(t)≥(∫Tα(t)Atdμ(t))∘(∫Tα(s)Bsdμ(s)). We apply states on C⁎-algebras to obtain some versions related to synchronous functions. We also present some Chebyshev type inequalities involving the singular values of positive n×n matrices. Several applications are given as well.

English Cross-Cultural Translation and Validation of the Neuromuscular Score: A System for Motor Function Classification in Patients With Neuromuscular Diseases

ObjectiveTo develop and validate an English version of the Neuromuscular (NM)-Score, a classification for patients with NM diseases in each of the 3 motor function domains: D1, standing and transfers; D2, axial and proximal motor function; and D3, distal motor function. DesignValidation survey. SettingPatients seen at a medical research center between June and September 2013. ParticipantsConsecutive patients (N=42) aged 5 to 19 years with a confirmed or suspected diagnosis of congenital muscular dystrophy. InterventionsNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresAn English version of the NM-Score was developed by a 9-person expert panel that assessed its content validity and semantic equivalence. Its concurrent validity was tested against criterion standards (Brooke Scale, Motor Function Measure [MFM], activity limitations for patients with upper and/or lower limb impairments [ACTIVLIM], Jebsen Test, and myometry measurements). Informant agreement between patient/caregiver (P/C)-reported and medical doctor (MD)-reported NM scores was measured by weighted kappa. ResultsSignificant correlation coefficients were found between NM scores and criterion standards. The highest correlations were found between NM-score D1 and MFM score D1 (ρ=−.944, P<.0001), ACTIVLIM (ρ=−.895, P<.0001), and hip abduction strength by myometry (ρ=−.811, P<.0001). Informant agreement between P/C-reported and MD-reported NM scores was high for D1 (κ=.801; 95% confidence interval [CI], .701–.914) but moderate for D2 (κ=.592; 95% CI, .412–.773) and D3 (κ=.485; 95% CI, .290–.680). Correlation coefficients between the NM scores and the criterion standards did not significantly differ between P/C-reported and MD-reported NM scores. ConclusionsPatients and physicians completed the English NM-Score easily and accurately. The English version is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used in clinical practice and research to describe the functional abilities of patients with NM diseases.

Translation, validity, and reliability of a persian version of the iowa tinnitus handicap questionnaire.

Tinnitus is a common otologic symptom that can seriously affect a patient's quality of life. The purpose of the present study was to translate and validate the Iowa Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire (THQ) into the Persian language, and to make it applicable as a tool for determining the effects of tinnitus on a patient's life. The main version of the THQ was translated into the Persian language. The agreed Persian version was administered to 150 tinnitus patients. The validity of the Persian THQ was evaluated and internal reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's α-coefficient. Finally, the effect of independent variables such as age, mean patient threshold, gender, and duration of tinnitus were considered in order to determine the psychometric properties of tinnitus. After an exact translation process, the Persian THQ was found to exhibit face validity. In terms of content validity, content validity index in total questionnaire was 0.93. Further, in structural validity measurements, intermediate correlation with annoyance from tinnitus (r=0.49), low correlation with duration of tinnitus (r=0.34) and high correlation with the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) questionnaire (r=0.84) were demonstrated. Additionally, a negligible effect of gender and age was noted on degree of tinnitus handicap (P= 0.754, P= 0.573, respectively). In the internal reliability assessment for Factors 1, 2, 3, and the whole questionnaire, Cronbach`s α-coefficient was 0.95, 0.92, 0.25 and 0.88, respectively. The Persian version of the Iowa THQ demonstrates high validity and reliability and can be used for the determination of tinnitus handicap and for following-up in the intervention process in Persian tinnitus patients.

Feasibility of Computerized Adaptive Testing for Collection of Patient-Reported Outcomes After Inpatient Rehabilitation

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of computer adaptive testing (CAT) using an Internet or telephone interface to collect patient-reported outcomes after inpatient rehabilitation and to examine patient characteristics associated with completion of the CAT-administered measure and mode of administration. DesignProspective cohort study of patients contacted approximately 4 weeks after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation. Patients selected an Internet or telephone interface. SettingRehabilitation hospital. ParticipantsPatients (N=674) with diagnoses of neurologic, orthopedic, or medically complex conditions. InterventionsNone. Main Outcome MeasureCAT version of the Community Participation Indicators (CAT-CPI). ResultsFrom an eligible pool of 3221 patients, 674 (21%) agreed to complete the CAT-CPI. Patients who agreed to complete the CAT-CPI were younger and reported slightly higher satisfaction with overall care than those who did not participate. Among these patients, 231 (34%) actually completed the CAT-CPI; 141 (61%) selected telephone administration, and 90 (39%) selected Internet administration. Decreased odds of completing the CAT-CPI were associated with black and other race; stroke, brain injury, or orthopedic and other impairments; and being a Medicaid beneficiary, whereas increased odds of completing the CAT-CPI were associated with longer length of stay and higher discharge FIM cognition measure. Decreased odds of choosing Internet administration were associated with younger age, retirement status, and being a woman, whereas increased odds of choosing Internet administration were associated with higher discharge FIM motor measure. ConclusionsCAT administration by Internet and telephone has limited feasibility for collecting postrehabilitation outcomes for most rehabilitation patients, but it is feasible for a subset of patients. Providing alternative ways of answering questions helps assure that a larger proportion of patients will respond.

EPA-0312 – Prevalence and determinants of low sexual function among middle aged Egyptian women

IntroductionFemale sexual dysfunction is a common problem with detrimental effects on woman's quality of life. It also has an economical and societal impact. It is defined as disorders of sexual desire, arousal, orgasm, and sexual pain which lead to personal distress. AimThe study was planned to determine the prevalence and determinants of female sexual dysfunction in women attending family health centers clinics in Alexandria. MethodsTotally, 369 women aged 18–59 years were interviewed while they were attending Family Health Centers FHCs in Alexandria. Data were collected by personal interview in a questionnaire format in addition to physical examination (when allowed). Main Outcome MeasuresArabic version of Female Sexual Function Index (ArFSFI) was used to evaluate sexual function. ResultsThe mean age of women was 29.62±6.14 years. 73.4% of women had one or more sexual problems; however, 22.1% of the women with sexual problems were not distressed by these issues. We found that 66.4% of women had desire disorder, 52.6% of women had arousal disorder, 49.3% of women had lubrication disorder, 45% of women had orgasm disorder, 34.4% had dissatisfaction and 42% of women had pain disorder. The mean FSFI score was found to be 24.73±4.75 out of a maximum total score of 36. The main domain scores were: desire 3.64±0.75, arousal 3.92±0.91, lubrication 4.35±0.99, orgasm 4.17±1.19, satisfaction 4.51±1.26 and pain 4.15±1.21 out of a maximum domain score of six. ConclusionsFSD is a highly prevalent problem within the scope of this study. Age of marriage, duration of marriage, high parity, female genital mutilation (FGM) and presence of partner sexual dysfunction were found to be significantly associated with low sexual function in Egyptian women.

Five Sector Equilibrium Income Determination Model [Demand Side Equation] Part One/Multinational Economic Sector

The recursive expansion of International Economics and multiplier effect of economic variables and other factors on the economics of countries leads us to revise some economic topics. One of the most important of these topics is National Income of countries. It is obvious that the 4 sector equilibrium income determination model is not more accurate and responding especially when we are designing Fiscal and Monetary policies or when we are budgeting. That is, I decided to design models containing more than 4 sectors. First, I begin with a 5 sector model, one more sector that is Multinational Economic sector.The Multinational Economic Sector:Definition: First, we must separate multinational economic sector from Import & Export sector. Here, Multinational economics is an external economics sector excluding Import & Export which contains Capital Outflows and Inflows, Country’s share in International Technology and Science, Exchange Rate, Portion for Investments made by foreign companies in national economic and portion for Investments made by national companies abroad, Sociopolitical Risks, Credit rank of country, Forex, International and multinational Sanctions, Country’s share in joint international investments. We content with these items and do arrange a function for Net Income arising from these items. Then, we add the Net Income Multinational Economics up with 4 sector Model in order to get the equilibrium income and interest rate. The final model would be as follows:Y=C+ I+ G +(X-M)+ (ME) Or Y=C +I +G+ (X-M)+ (ME)NI Or Other Calculated formsRelated Topics and Issues: Would appear on Main Full paper version.

Basic Psychometric Properties of the Transfer Assessment Instrument (Version 3.0)

ObjectivesTo refine the Transfer Assessment Instrument (TAI 2.0), develop a training program for the TAI, and analyze the basic psychometric properties of the TAI 3.0, including reliability, standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change (MDC), and construct validity. DesignRepeated measures. SettingA winter sports clinic for disabled veterans. ParticipantsWheelchair users (N=41) who perform sitting-pivot or standing-pivot transfers. InterventionNot applicable. Main Outcome MeasuresTAI version 3.0, intraclass correlation coefficients, SEMs, and MDCs for reliable measurement of raters' responses. Spearman correlation coefficient, 1-way analysis of variance, and independent t tests to evaluate construct validity. ResultsTAI 3.0 had acceptable to high levels of reliability (range, .74–.88). The SEMs for part 1, part 2, and final scores ranged from .45 to .75. The MDC was 1.5 points on the 10-point scale for the final score. There were weak correlations (ρ range, −.13 to .25; P>.11) between TAI final scores and subjects' characteristics (eg, sex, body mass index, age, type of disability, length of wheelchair use, grip and elbow strength, sitting balance). ConclusionsWith comprehensive training, the refined TAI 3.0 yields high reliability among raters of different clinical backgrounds and experience. TAI 3.0 was unbiased toward certain physical characteristics that may influence transfer. TAI fills a void in the field by providing a quantitative measurement of transfers and a tool that can be used to detect problems and guide transfer training.

Large deviations for fractional Poisson processes

We prove large deviation principles for two versions of fractional Poisson processes: the main version is a renewal process, the alternative version is a weighted Poisson process. We also present asymptotic results for the ruin probabilities of an insurance model with a fractional Poisson claim number process.

Traducción y adaptación cultural al español de la versión Proxy del cuestionario EQ-5D-Y

IntroductionThe Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) questionnaire EQ-5D-Y for children and adolescents has been development and validated recently for its use in Spanish. However, the Spanish Proxy version of this tool has not yet been developed. The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt the international version of EQ-5D-Y Proxy into Spanish to measure the health related quality of life in the child and adolescent population. Material and methodThis study has been developed in the following phases: a) Transcultural adaptation of the international questionnaire by means of a direct translation to Spanish and back-translation to English, b) evaluation of the clarity, acceptability and familiarity of the first version of the questionnaire using probing and paraphrasing methods in 30 parents of children and adolescents distributed by sex and age. Main resultsThe Spanish EQ-5Y Proxy version was obtained. The interviewed participants indicated an excellent comprehensibility of the items and the perceived difficulty was less than 2 in all dimensions of the questionnaire, except in mobility where it was a slightly higher. ConclusionsThe Spanish EQ-5D-Y Proxy version has shown to be well understandable and adapted to Spanish parents of children and adolescents. Its easy administration makes this questionnaire potentially useful in different fields.

The Social Scientist, the Public, and the Pragmatist Gaze

Although diverse and sometimes diverging, different approaches, from “pragmatic” to “pragmatist” to “praxeological,” have an important feature in common: the social order is said to be the practical accomplishment of ordinary agents who constitute and maintain in common the world they live in. After presenting the milestones of the main sociological version of pragmatism, that is, pragmatic sociology (sociologie pragmatique), initiated by Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot, this paper will dwell on the complicated relationship between a pragmatic framework, centered on the insider point of view of agents and social critique, which apprehends the social world from the external point of view of the critical sociologist. To tackle such problematic relationship, we will dwell on two groundbreaking contributions to the “pragmatic turn” in the social sciences, that of Jeanne Favret-Saada’s work on contemporary witchcraft, and Michel de Certeau’s study on 17th Century possessions. They will allow us to show that the revival of the epistemological break is not a necessary step towards political awareness and that pragmatic sociology as such can be fully critical.