Main Usage Research Articles

Rare Does Not Mean Worthless: How Rare Diseases Have Shaped Neurodevelopment Research in the NGS Era.

The advent of next-generation sequencing (NGS) is heavily changing both the diagnosis of human conditions and basic biological research. It is now possible to dig deep inside the genome of hundreds of thousands or even millions of people and find both common and rare genomic variants and to perform detailed phenotypic characterizations of both physiological organs and experimental models. Recent years have seen the introduction of multiple techniques using NGS to profile transcription, DNA and chromatin modifications, protein binding, etc., that are now allowing us to profile cells in bulk or even at a single-cell level. Although rare and ultra-rare diseases only affect a few people, each of these diseases represent scholarly cases from which a great deal can be learned about the pathological and physiological function of genes, pathways, and mechanisms. Therefore, for rare diseases, state-of-the-art investigations using NGS have double valence: their genomic cause (new variants) and the characterize the underlining the mechanisms associated with them (discovery of gene function) can be found. In a non-exhaustive manner, this review will outline the main usage of NGS-based techniques for the diagnosis and characterization of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), under whose umbrella many rare and ultra-rare diseases fall.

More to cryptos than bitcoin: A GARCH modelling of heterogeneous cryptocurrencies

This paper explores the risk and return characteristics of a large and diverse cross-section of 254 cryptocurrencies that differ in traded volume and main usage. First, we find long memory, volatility clustering, heavy tails, and negative leverage effects to be common features of cryptocurrencies’ return behavior. Second, GARCH models accounting for these features provide the best goodness-of-fit properties. About 80% of cryptocurrencies are well described by Student's t (stud) GARCH specifications with the TGARCH-stud chosen for about 20% of the sample. We then compare out-of-sample 1%-Value-at-Risk (VaR) forecasts under 48 specifications using standard backtesting procedures. Heavy-tailed VaR specifications outperform all normally distributed alternatives. Throughout the analysis, differences emerge when results are broken down by traded volume and usage categories. Overall, our findings have important implications for investors, policymakers, and regulators for the understanding and measuring of market risk in the cryptocurrency market.

Hypergolic Ignition of 1,3-Cyclodienes by Fuming Nitric Acid toward the Fast and Spontaneous Formation of Carbon Nanosheets at Ambient Conditions

A hypergolic system is a combination of organic fuel and oxidizer that ignites spontaneously upon contact without any external ignition source. Although their main usage pertains to rocket bipropellants, it is only recently that hypergolics have been established from our group as a revolutionary preparative method for the synthesis of different types of carbon nanostructures depending on the organic fuel-oxidizer pair. In an effort to further enrich this concept, the present work describes new hypergolic pairs based on 1,3-cyclohexadiene and 1,3-cyclooctadiene as the organic fuels and fuming nitric acid as the strong oxidizer. Both carbon-rich compounds (ca. 90% C) share a similar chemical structure with unsaturated cyclopentadiene that is also known to react hypergolically with fuming nitric acid. The particular pairs ignite spontaneously upon contact of the reagents at ambient conditions to produce carbon nanosheets in suitable yields and useful energy in the process. The nanosheets appear amorphous with an average thickness of ca. 2 nm and containing O and N heteroatoms in the carbon matrix. Worth noting, the carbon yield reaches the value of 25% for 1,3-cyclooctadiene, i.e., the highest reported so far from our group in this context. As far as the production of useful energy is concerned, the hot flame produced from ignition can be used for the direct thermal decomposition of ammonium dichromate into Cr2O3 (pigment and catalyst) or the expansion of expandable graphite into foam (absorbent and insulator), thus demonstrating a mini flame-pyrolysis burner at the spot.

Performance comparison of channel coding schemes for 5G massive machine type communications

<p><span>Channel coding for the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication is currently facing new challenges as it needs to uphold diverse emerging applications and scenarios. Massive machine-type communication (mMTC) constitute one of the main usage scenarios in 5G systems, which promise to provide low data rate services to a large number of low power and low complexity devices. Research on efficient coding schemes for such use case is still ongoing and no decision has been made yet. Therefore, This paper compares the performance of different coding schemes, namely: tail-biting convolutional code (TBCC), low density parity check codes (LDPC), Turbo code and Polar codes, in order to select the appropriate channel coding technique for 5G-mMTC scenario. The considered codes are evaluated in terms of bit error rate (BER) and block error rate (BLER) for short information block lengths (K ≤ 256). We further investigate their Algorithmic complexity in terms of the number of basic operations. The Simulation results indicate that polar code with CRC-aided successive cancelation list decoder has better performance compared with other coding schemes for 5G-mMTC scenario.</span></p>

Oxonol dyes

Abstract Oxonol dyes are classified as anionic polymethine dyes, which cover a wide variety of structural types. The name of the class originates from the oxygen atoms which terminate each end of the polymethine chains that form the backbone of their structure. In technically useful dyes, these oxygen atoms tend to be substituents of heterocycles. The main technical application of water soluble oxonol dyes was in silver halide photography as filter dyes and antihalation dyes. Lipophilic oxonol dyes are used in bio-analysis and medical diagnostics to stain cells, bacteria or liposomes for example. Their main bioanalytical usage is in the determination of membrane potentials in eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic bacteria.

Hemioxonol dyes

Abstract Following the classification of hemicyanine dyes Leslie G. S. Brooker suggested the term hemioxonol dye be applied to the case of an oxonol colorant in which one of its terminal unsaturated heterocycles has been replaced by an open chain N(R1)R2 group or saturated heterocyclic ring. For historical reasons, dyes formed from the reaction of 4-N,N-dialkylaminobenzaldehydes or 4-N,N-dialkylaminocinnamaldehydes with a heterocycle containing an active methylene group adjacent to a carbonyl group are often called benzylidene dyes and cinnamylidene dyes, respectively. In terms of systematic nomenclature, their proper classification is as hemioxonol dyes. They are used as filter dyes and antihalation dyes in silver halide photography. Their current main usage is in dye diffusion thermal transfer printing (D2T2).

Sentence Pattern and Usage of Adjective Predicative Construction for Idoukankei

This paper is a study of the sentence pattern and usage in Japanese adjective predicative sentences that express Idoukankei. The adjectives that express the meaning of Idoukankei include the original adjective hitosii (“to be equal”) and the transferred adjectives chikai and tooi (“near” and “far,” respectively). These two types of adjectives differ in many ways, such as how they are used in sentence pattern and the characteristics of their usage. The overall results of the analysis are as follows.BR (1) Hitosii has two uses: “judgment of similarity based on comparative criteria” and “judgment of sameness.” The main sentence patterns of the former were “N2ha･ga＋N1ni＋A” and “N3ni＋N2ha･ga＋N1ni＋A”; for the latter, they were “N1ha･ga＋A,” “N2ha･ga＋N1to＋A,” and “N2ha･ga＋N1ni＋A.”BR (2) The main usage of chikai and tooi was: “judgement of movement based on comparison criteria.” The main sentence patterns of this usage were “N2ha･ga＋N1ni＋A,” ‘N2ha･ga＋N1to＋A,” and “N3ni＋N2ha･ga＋N1ni･kara＋A.”BR (3) The usages “judgment of similarity based on comparative criteria” for hitosii and “judgement of movement based on comparison criteria” for the phrase “chikai, tooi” shared many similar characteristics, including the number of different categories in the sentence, use of postposition, subject of the judgment, and replacement of the noun phrases themselves (or the order). However, there was no single-category sentence in these usages.BR (4) The usage “judgment of sameness” for hitosii indicates the comparison of multiple objects. The main sentence patterns were single-category sentences in which hitosii replaced the noun phrase itself and two-category sentences in which the order changed such that the subject was not being judged.BR (5) As the main usage of the postposition, ni and kara represented the criteria for judgment and to the object of the judgment.

Solar based polio-drop box system with Peltier effect technology: A review

In the current review article, the main usage of thermoelectric effect or Peltier’s effect modules in a thermoelectric cooler (TEC), a compressor less refrigerator is diagnosed and Highlighted. The basic idea is to design and fabricate a refrigerator which gives refrigeration effect without using a compressor. Almost 20 degree drop in the ambient temperature is observed as compared to ambient temperature by various researchers. The work of several researchers is reviewed and showcased. The usage of the energy produced by solar power to promote the sustainable use of Natural energy. Here, the concept of the refrigeration is based on Peltier effect, which states that, whenever the DC current is passed through a thermoelectric module, it creates a heat transfer between the substrate thus creating a temperature difference between them cooling one side and heating the other. The main objective is to use the cooler module to decrease the ambient temperature so that it can be used a refrigerator for our polio drop box. Additional attachment of switching mode power supply is also designed to change disordered Direct current input voltage to a smooth DC output voltage at different voltage levels which is properly regulated to drive the thermoelectric modules used in the refrigerator. An off shelf SMPS power supply system will be used for testing or measurement. A basic temperature controller will also be used for the cooling system. After analyzing the design and size of the thermoelectric module, it can be said that the cooling system will be convenient. Solar based refrigeration technique will be very helpful in Sustainable use of energy for future. Also, the similar efforts are being made to develop a COVID 19 Vaccine box as a future scope of the current findings.

Colored Petri Nets Model for Network Based FTI Systems

Network based data acquisition system is a system which allows a data exchange using Ethernet technology. One of the main usage areas of this type of system is Flight Test Instrumentation (FTI) applications. There exists some complexity in analysis and synthesis of the entire system. Colored Petri Net (CPN) is a compact modelling method for Discrete Event Systems (DES). A model of a FTI network fabric is considered in this work in order to reduce related complexities. A CPN model for network based FTI system is presented and all states for this model are obtained in this work.

A methodic approach to the solution of problem of main stock usage effictiveness

The article offers a methodic approach to the solution of the issue of main stock usage effectiveness index definition. Traditionally the main stock usage effectiveness calculation is carried out by balance and residual values. This approach in whole ignores (except for two coefficients) the wearing-out of main stocks and tortures the real view of their actual condition. In connection with this, in some oil-gas production boards (OGPB) of «Azneft» PU was conducted a comparative analysis of index system of usage effectiveness of main stocks that have been calculated by balance and residue values. The investigations have a great theoretical significance and in practice may be applied by OGPB in the analysis of enterprise industry activity.

Biofuel from Microalgae: Sustainable Pathways

As the demand for biofuels increases globally, microalgae offer a viable biomass feedstock to produce biofuel. With abundant sources of biomass in rural communities, these materials could be converted to biodiesel. Efforts are being done in order to pursue commercialization. However, its main usage is for other applications such as pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and aquaculture, which has a high return of investment. In the last 5 decades of algal research, cultivation to genetically engineered algae have been pursued in order to push algal biofuel commercialization. This will be beneficial to society, especially if coupled with a good government policy of algal biofuels and other by-products. Algal technology is a disruptive but complementary technology that will provide sustainability with regard to the world’s current issues. Commercialization of algal fuel is still a bottleneck and a challenge. Having a large production is technical feasible, but it is not economical as of now. Efforts for the cultivation and production of bio-oil are still ongoing and will continue to develop over time. The life cycle assessment methodology allows for a sustainable evaluation of the production of microalgae biomass to biodiesel.

Closed sequential pattern mining for sitemap generation

A sitemap represents an explicit specification of the design concept and knowledge organization of a website and is therefore considered as the website’s basic ontology. It not only presents the main usage flows for users, but also hierarchically organizes concepts of the website. Typically, sitemaps are defined by webmasters in the very early stages of the website design. However, during their life websites significantly change their structure, their content and their possible navigation paths. Even if this is not the case, webmasters can fail to either define sitemaps that reflect the actual website content or, vice versa, to define the actual organization of pages and links which do not reflect the intended organization of the content coded in the sitemaps. In this paper we propose an approach which automatically generates sitemaps. Contrary to other approaches proposed in the literature, which mainly generate sitemaps from the textual content of the pages, in this work sitemaps are generated by analyzing the Web graph of a website. This allows us to: i) automatically generate a sitemap on the basis of possible navigation paths, ii) compare the generated sitemaps with either the sitemap provided by the Web designer or with the intended sitemap of the website and, consequently, iii) plan possible website re-organization. The solution we propose is based on closed frequent sequence extraction and only concentrates on hyperlinks organized in “Web lists”, which are logical lists embedded in the pages. These “Web lists” are typically used for supporting users in Web site navigation and they include menus, navbars and content tables. Experiments performed on three real datasets show that the extracted sitemaps are much more similar to those defined by website curators than those obtained by competitor algorithms.

Youtube’da Şiddetin Görünürlüğü: “Kışkırtma” Videolarına Dair Bir İnceleme

Günümüz yeni medya döneminde, internet ve sosyal medyanın, günlük hayatın temel kullanım alanlarından biri haline gelmesiyle birlikte izlenebilir ve erişilebilir içerik sayısında büyük bir artış gözlenmektedir. Yeni medya araçlarına erişimin giderek kolaylaşmasıyla, şiddet barındıran içeriklerin sayısında da artış söz konusu olmuştur. Diğer yandan yeni medyadaki içeriklerin çoğunluğunun bir kontrol mekanizmasına tabi olmadan yayınlanabildiği düşünüldüğünde, özellikle şiddet odaklı içeriklerin daha görünür hale geldiği görülmektedir. Araştırmada Youtube’da son zamanlarda popüler hale gelen ve büyük bir izleyici kitlesini kendisine çeken “Kışkırtma” başlıklı videolar incelenmiştir. Fiziksel ve sözel şiddet unsurları barındıran bu türden videoların, şiddet içeriğini nasıl bir dille sunduğu araştırılmıştır. İçerik analizi yöntemiyle, örneklem olarak belirlenen “Kışkırtma” videolarındaki fiziksel ve sözel şiddet unsurları tespit edilmiş ve yoruma açılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacı, söz konusu videolardaki şiddet diline vurgu yapmak ve bu tür videoların neden popüler hale geldiğini tartışmaya açabilecek argümanlar elde edebilmektir. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın önemi, izleyicinin söz konusu şiddet içeriğiyle etkileşimine dair yeni perspektiflerin geliştirilebilmesine ön ayak olmak ve benzer araştırmalara örnek oluşturabilmektir. Araştırma kapsamında incelenen videolarda hem sözel hem de fiziksel nitelikli şiddet unsurlarına sıklıkla rastlanmıştır ve izlenme sayıları milyonları bulan bu içeriklerin şiddeti sunum biçimi tartışılmıştır.

El marcador del discurso del español peninsular claro y sus posibles traducciones en italiano

In the previous works we analyzed, in contrast to Italian, two abundant conversational discourse markers in European Spanish, hombre and bueno . Now we want to analyze, also in contrast to Italian, another common conversational discourse marker in European Spanish, claro , because we have observed that a very few number of studies have focused on it with a contrastive linguistic perspective. For this purpose, first we will make a brief summary of claro ’s main characteristics, then we will dedicate a few paragraphs to the treatment that this discourse marker received in some monolingual dictionaries and in other bilingual Italian-Spanish-Italian dictionaries. After that, we will recapitulate its main usage and value and, finally, we will discuss the translation solutions that we considered more appropriate in Italian, certainly the most interesting aspects of our work. Through them we will try to demonstrate that although at first sight claro tends to be almost automatically (and almost exclusively) translated as certo , which would imply the presence of few translation options compared with the translations of others conversational discourse markers as bien , hombre and bueno , on the other hand this discourse marker offers a wide range of translation solutions in the target language. This is the first of two works that we will dedicate to this subject. In our second article, which is in press, we will focus, always in contrast to Italian, on the combination between claro and others discourse markers of European Spanish. So far, there are not many pages that have been dedicated to this issue.

THE PARTICULARITIES OF WATER USE IN THE CENTRAL REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

The purpose of this study is assessment of water use in the Central Region of the Republic of Moldova. The main topics presented in this paper are: 1) assessment of water resources in the Central Region of the Republic of Moldova; 2) tendencies of water consumption on the abstracted sources and on the main usage categories; 3) spatial and branch analysis of water use; 5) the main problems of water use and protection in the region of study. In the region of study are concentrated about 2/3 of groundwater reserves of Republic of Moldova. From surface sources is abstracted ≈3/4 of total volume of water used and over 60% of water is used by households. Outside of Chisinau, over 70% of the water is abstracted from underground sources and is used for various agricultural needs. In the 2007-2017 years, the volume of water use registers a significant decrease which is conditioned, mainly, by decreasing of water abstracted from surface sources and used for agricultural activities, especially for irrigation.

Prevention of Unauthorized Door Access Using Face Recognition Built With Haar Cascade Classifier and Histogram of Oriented Gradients

With the emergence of Internet of Things (IoT) along with its development of advanced authentication, both security and remote monitoring have become imperative as well as essential, and the need for smarter security systems has only been growing. The traditional system needs an individual to use a key or an identification (ID) card or a password to access the security doors. However, they have many limitations such as keys can be forged, recreation of ID cards and passwords can be stolen. To overcome, the existing system issues, a novel approach is proposed with the design and development of face authenticated web-based smart door lock control system using facial recognition and remotely monitoring the door. In this proposed system OpenCV’s self-trained Haar Cascade Classifier along with Histogram of Gradient is used for face Recognition. Door will be unlocked when user’s face is recognized else will remain closed. In case an unauthorized person is found, the time of intrusion and the intruders’ image will be captured and sent to a separate server on discord, so that the user or the admin can view them at their convenience. The main usage of this system is to assist users for improvement of the door security of sensitive locations by using face recognition and is also designed by considering the physically challenged persons also.

ENVIRONMENTAL PERMIT PROCESS ON EMISSIONS OF ASPHALT PLANT

Asphalt plants are the facilities where in the coating material on the roads, which vehicle traffic flows on it and is defined as the main usage area in Turkey as well as all over the world and known as asphalt by most people, was produced. Asphalt plants bring significant environmental problems if necessary precautions are not taken during asphalt production. The most important of these problems are the emissions of dust and gas which are given to the atmosphere and cause air pollution. In Turkey, a number of legal arrangements have been made in order to prevent, reduce and control the negative effects of activities and facilities which have a polluting effect on the environment. The Environmental Permit and License Regulation is also one of these legal arrangements. Article 11 of the Environmental Law No. 2872 contains the following provision: “Facilities and enterprises, that are not considered appropriate to discharge their wastes generated during production, consumption and service activities in directly or indirectly to the receiving environment, and settlement units are obliged to treat and dispose of their wastes in accordance with the standards and methods determined in the regulations and to obtain the permits envisaged". In this respect, the Environmental Permit and License Regulation, which was prepared based on the Environment Law, was published in the Official Gazette No. 29115 dated September 10, 2014 and entered into force on November 1, 2014. In this paper, it is examined the emissions permit process of the sector to be in control and remain at a minimum level of the atmospheric pollutant impact during operation of asphalt plant which has a production capacity of 30 tons per hour and works 8 hours per day, in Turkey. There are two types of emission sources: point and area. The results of dust and gas measurements in emission sources are evaluated within the scope of Control of Industrial Air Pollution Regulation. Since the pollutant emissions do not exceed the limit values specified in the regulation, the emission issue environmental permit can be given to the facility.

What drives Instagram usage? User motives and personality traits

PurposeSocial networking sites (SNS) have become extensively used communication environments as a result of the advancements in online technologies, and among various SNS platforms, Instagram is currently the most prominent image-based network. Since usage motives for alternative SNS environments with different outstanding benefits are expected to vary, this study has focused mainly on extracting the key context-specific usage motives of Instagram. Another purpose of this study is to figure out personality traits differences among Instagram user segments.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was designed, and a total of 690 fully completed questionnaires was collected, and 507 of the respondents were Instagram users. After conducting factor analysis, six main usage motive categories have been revealed and named as self-expression, recording, socialization, recreation, creativity, and prying.FindingsInstagram users have been clustered as passionate, distant, and spectator users based on their usage motives. Ultimately, personality differences among these clusters have been explored using the Big Five Inventory (BFI) and two additional traits, social interaction anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation. Openness to experience, social interaction anxiety, and fear of negative evaluation were found to be significantly different among these clusters.Originality/valueDiscovering the motives of SNS usage, segmenting users based on these motives, and then portraying the personality traits of each segment gives important clues about how SNSs can better design their interfaces and generate content for attracting users in different segments.

Damping and Natural Period Evaluation of Tall RC Buildings Using Full-Scale Data in Korea

In recent years, the main usage of reinforced concrete (RC) structures in Korea has shifted from low-rise residential and commercial buildings to high-rise buildings. Because an increasing number of high-rise RC buildings are being built, especially in coastal cities, which are periodically hit by typhoons, wind-induced motion and the corresponding serviceability issues have attracted considerable attention. Natural period and damping ratio are the most important factors for estimating the design wind load and wind-induced response in the design of tall buildings. However, the Korean Building Code (KBC 2009) does not specify empirical formulae for estimating the natural period and damping ratio for wind design, unlike seismic design. In this study, the damping ratio and natural period of existing concrete buildings in Korea are measured and compared to those obtained using the formulae provided in various codes and research works. Furthermore, design formulae for estimating natural frequency and damping ratio for wind design are proposed based on the measured data. For this purpose, ambient vibration measurement is performed for 58 RC buildings with heights of 24.2–305 m.

Testing and Validation of an Image-Based, Pose and Shape Reconstruction Algorithm for Didymos Mission

The recent and continuously growing scientific interest for asteroids composition and its relation to solar system’s origins led the space industry to put high effort into asteroid missions during the last years. Nowadays, several space companies are investing resources into Hera mission (which has been proposed by the European Space Agency). In addition to visiting the Didymos asteroid binary system to acquire important scientific discoveries, Hera mission will also be the first mission to operate autonomously around an asteroid. The spacecraft will fuse data from its Asteroid Framing Camera (AFC), star-tracker, laser altimeter, thermal infrared camera and inertial sensors to build up a coherent model of its surroundings and be able to behave autonomously. Despite that, the AFC is considered to be the most crucial data source because of its dual science and navigation functionality. In fact, although images acquired by the camera are going to be used for scientific purposes, during the mission their main usage will be devoted to navigating autonomously around the main asteroid, Didymain. Because of this reason, several hardware-in-the-loop tests are being made in laboratories to analyze the accuracy of specific feature detection, extraction and tracking algorithms. Along with the computer vision part, navigation filters are being tested on the captured images to prove the feasibility of shape reconstruction and relative pose estimation (i.e., relative position, velocity, attitude and angular velocity). This paper presents an algorithm which has been built to use images acquired by a camera to reconstruct Didymain’s relative pose and shape and validates it with both computer simulations and experimental tests. First, the algorithm is going to be explained in all its parts: the computer vision block makes use of feature detection and extraction methods (e.g., KAZE, SIFT, etc.) and tracking algorithms (e.g., Kanade–Lucas–Tomasi Feature Tracker) to extract meaningful information from the captured images; the navigation filter, developed following an Unscented Kalman-like scheme, is going to use those data to reconstruct the asteroid’s pose and shape. Second, a simulator built in Matlab environment, which uses a 3D CAD of the asteroid to generate synthetic images in closed loop, is being used to prove the feasibility of this concept: several simulation scenario with different initial conditions will be analyzed to prove the robustness of this approach. Finally, the algorithm is going to be tested and validated through experimental tests performed at platform-art©, GMV’s Advanced Robotic Testbed in Madrid, where real images of a Didymain asteroid’s mock-up are going to be framed and used in the loop. The results obtained by the software testing and hardware-in-the-loop validation steps show that the proposed technique attains a good estimation accuracy as long as the relative configuration between spacecraft and asteroid is not singular (thus unobservable), meeting mission requirements and thus being suitable for an on-board implementation.