Main Typologies Research Articles

Systematic Literature Review of Land Use Conflicts in Northern Sweden—Lessons Learned and Ways Forward

Land use conflicts are intensifying in Northern Sweden due to the increasing global demand for resources coupled with the green transition. In line with this, a thorough understanding of land use conflicts in the area is becoming necessary as economic activities expand and newer ones are developed. Hence, this paper aims to provide a systematic literature review of research on land use conflicts specific to Northern Sweden, focusing on various economic activities such as forestry, mining, tourism, energy sector and reindeer husbandry. Additionally, we aim to determine lessons learned and suggested ways forward based on a systematic review. We used Scopus and Web of Science on June 2023 and through descriptive statistical analysis of 33 articles, we summarized research trends and gaps. We found three main typologies of conflicts and five main themes of suggested ways forward. Recommendations agree that there should be a broader understanding of the underlying interests of the stakeholders; and there should be an inclusive, more participatory approach to discussing potential solutions, not to create an agreement but to come to an understanding. Beyond academic insights, the findings hold practical relevance for shaping effective land use policies. This paper offers valuable lessons that extend beyond the local context, informing broader discussions and policy considerations for sustainable land management in the larger Arctic setting, where similar challenges and resource demands are unfolding.

The impact of humanitarian emergencies on adolescent boys: Findings from the Rohingya refugee crisis.

Adolescent boys (age 9-19) are impacted differently by humanitarian emergencies. However, academic research on adolescent health and child protection has tended to focus on the direct impacts of an emergency rather than indirect impacts that may arise after a crisis. We sought to identify child protection concerns affecting adolescent boys in emergency settings and boys who are more vulnerable to harm through a case study of the humanitarian response to the 2017 Rohingya refugee crisis. We collected data in the Rohingya refugee crisis in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh between 2018-2019. This included six months of participant observation, 23 semi-structured interviews and 12 informal ethnographic interviews with humanitarian staff working in the crisis, and 10 focus group discussions with a total of 52 child protection caseworkers from four child protection organisations. Our results showed that adolescent Rohingya boys were exposed to numerous protection concerns, including child labour, drug trafficking, substance abuse, family violence, and neglect. We classified these into three main typologies: community-related violence, income-related violence, and life-stage vulnerabilities. We found that adolescent boys who were unaccompanied or separated from their caregivers, adolescent boys who were members of vulnerable households, and adolescent boys with a disability were at more risk of harm. Our findings indicate that adolescent boys are exposed to an array of impactful child protection concerns in humanitarian emergencies and that this has implications for the delivery of public health and child protection interventions. We believe that humanitarian actors should improve recognition of the complexity of adolescent boys' lives and their exposure to gender and age-based harm as a critical matter for addressing adolescent health equity.

A Systematic Literature Review on Improving Quality of Master Programs through (re)Designing Teacher Training

Master’s education is dynamically evolving worldwide. As M-level programs play a crucial role in improving job prospects for university graduates, our review focused on how a well-designed master's program could train candidates to become proactive and goal-oriented learners as well as practitioner-teachers. The methodology employed in this study was a systematic literature review (SLR) of academic articles that centered on M-level programs. The literature search process involved several stages, including identifying relevant studies for thematic analysis, evaluating their quality, pinpointing patterns and significant results, and discussing the extent of consensus across the research questions posed. The total sample of this SLR comprised 81 studies. Three main typologies were prevalent: theoretical and qualitative studies (n=45), case studies or comparative case studies (n=18), empirical studies (n=14), and a mixed-method approach (n=4). The majority of articles suggested innovative perspectives on M-level program development and delivery (60.94%). Another significant portion of the studies (22.22%) presented experiences or comparative analyses of best practices in M-level programs. A smaller number (17.28%) involved presenting empirical data on the impact of master’s training on students’ satisfaction or their motivation to pursue a master’s program. Thematic analysis confirmed recurring themes on innovative approaches to (re)designing M-level programs and providing comprehensive data systematically, emphasizing the urgent need for universities to (re)design improved programs (also at the master's level) and services to meet the demands of the current and future labor market.

Exploring experiential learning within interprofessional practice education initiatives for pre-licensure healthcare students: a scoping review

BackgroundInterprofessional collaborative team-based approaches to care in health service delivery has been identified as important to health care reform around the world. Many academic institutions have integrated interprofessional education (IPE) into curricula for pre-licensure students in healthcare disciplines, but few provide formal initiatives for interprofessional practice (IPP). It is recognized that experiential learning (EL) can play a significant role supporting IPP education initiatives; however, little is known of how EL is used within education for IPP in healthcare settings.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review to map peer-reviewed literature describing IPP education initiatives involving EL for pre-licensure students in healthcare disciplines. A literature search was executed in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, ERIC, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Social Services s. After deduplication, two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts of 5664 records and then 252 full-text articles that yielded 100 articles for data extraction. Data was extracted using an Excel template, and results synthesized for presentation in narrative and tabular formats.ResultsThe 100 included articles represented 12 countries and IPP education initiatives were described in three main typologies of literature – primary research, program descriptions, and program evaluations. Forty-three articles used a theory, framework, or model for design of their initiatives with only eight specific to EL. A variety of teaching and learning strategies were employed, such as small interprofessional groups of students, team huddles, direct provision of care, and reflective activities, but few initiatives utilized a full EL cycle. A range of perspectives and outcomes were evaluated such as student learning outcomes, including competencies associated with IPP, impacts and perceptions of the IPP initiatives, and others such as client satisfaction.ConclusionFew educational frameworks specific to EL have been used to inform EL teaching and learning strategies to consolidate IPE learning and prepare students for IPP in healthcare settings. Further development and evaluation of existing EL frameworks and models would be beneficial in supporting robust IPP educational initiatives for students in healthcare disciplines. Intentional, thoughtful, and comprehensive use of EL informed by theory can contribute important advances in IPP educational approaches and the preparation of a future health care workforce.

Left atrial appendage inversion: First computational study to shed light on the phenomenon

Inversion of the left atrial appendage is a rare phenomenon, which may occur during the de-airing maneuvers associated to routinely performed surgery procedures, such as cardiopulmonary bypass or left ventricular assist device implantation. In this case, the body of the inverted appendage can obstruct the mitral valve leading to severe complications. The mechanisms are still poorly known, and more specific studies are needed to better understand its causes and identify mitigating strategies. The current study attempts to gain a better comprehension of the conditions and the factors favourable to left atrial appendage inversion. Four patient specific appendage morphologies, obtained from computerised tomography and representative of the main typologies commonly used for the appendage classification (chicken wing, cactus, cauliflower, and windsock), were used for the study. The numerical models were subjected to the same loading pattern, made of subsequent different pressure curves.Results show that the morphologies invert and recover their original anatomical configuration at different pressure loads, indicating that their tendency to invert is associated to their specific morphological features. Moreover, the analysis highlights that, although restoring the physiological left atrium pressure is not sufficient to induce appendage recovery, pressures well below the ventricular ones can induce the return to the natural configuration.All models recovered the anatomical configuration at pressures well below the ventricular pressure (about 100 mmHg), suggesting that basic trans-catheter maneuvers, e.g. producing temporary mitral regurgitation, could be attempted to correct the appendage configuration, prior to opt for more invasive surgical approaches.

Nonreligious Afterlife: Emerging Understandings of Death and Dying

Death Cafés are informal events that bring people together for conversations about death and related issues. These events connect strangers from across a range of backgrounds, including healthcare workers, hospice volunteers, and funeral directors, among others. Based on an analysis of focus groups and interviews with Death Café attendees, this paper explores how participants construct and express conceptions of the process of dying and what happens after we die. Ideas about the afterlife have historically been shaped by a religious outlooks and identities. However, nonreligious lifestances have shifted how people understand death and dying. We suggest that notions of continuity of life are not the purview of religious people. Rather, participants in Death Cafés draw simultaneously on many ideas, and reveal ways of conceptualizing life after death—in various forms—without the guidance of religion. Based on conversations with attendees about their outlooks on death (and what may happen after death), our data reveals four main typologies of afterlife imaginaries, which we label cessation, unknown, energy, and transition. Among the diverse perspectives shared, we argue for the emergence of an immanent afterlife outlook.

What’s next in the healthcare system? The contribution of digital innovation in achieving patient-centricity

The pressure on the healthcare system due to the pandemic situation has exacerbated its main criticalities in terms of fragmentation, data management and lack of interconnections. There is a need to rethink the health system’s management and monitoring in a patient-centric view, in order to meet the growing demand due to extension of life expectancy and increase in chronic diseases. Innovation in technology enables patient-centricity by tying together the future healthcare system. This research aims at detecting and defining the main typologies and characteristics of innovative business models that are going to emerge in the healthcare context in the next years. Different data sources have been integrated to depict the future scenario of healthcare. At first, information available in reports, archives/documents has been analysed, in addition to conferences and 35 experts interviews available online. Thereafter, the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR) - launched to solve issues after pandemic crisis - has been examined. The data analysis allows outlining the business model typologies that will emerge in the sector, their characteristics and the gaps they are going to solve with specific technologies. This research depicts the healthcare framework for pursuing patient-centricity, providing also managerial implications and future researches directions.

FORMATION OF THE MANAGEMENT DECISION REGARDING THE CHOICE OF THE ENTERPRISE LOGISTICS STRATEGY

One of the most important management processes of logistics management is the process of development and implementation of management decisions regarding the choice of the enterprise logistics strategy, corresponding to market conditions, the state of the enterprise and its corporate strategy. Analysis of the latest research and publications on logistics management shows the presence of unresolved problems in the definition and calculation of indicators for assessing the state of the enterprise's logistics system from the standpoint of the process approach and the use of data available for the enterprise’s calculations. It was determined that the objects of assessing the state of the enterprise logistics system are: the subject of management (management personnel, organizational structure of management, technology and information support of management) and the object of management – the logistics system itself or logistics business processes (interaction with suppliers, warehousing, dispatching, transportation, forwarding operations and financial settlements). In the course of work on this scientific article, it was determined that the some issues require further research. Among them are assessing the state of the logistics system, the effectiveness of logistics costs in the enterprise as a whole and in terms of individual business processes, as well as clarification of the influence of the state of the enterprise's logistics system and the level of efficiency of logistics costs on efficiency management of the enterprise's logistics activities and the selection of appropriate logistics strategies. The article analyzes the existing main typologies of logistics strategies of enterprises and presents their analytical characteristics. A description of the main logistics business processes of road transport enterprises is also given, based on the specifics of the offer and provision of road transport services. A two-dimensional model of making a management decision regarding the choice of the enterprise's logistics strategy has been developed, depending on the state of the logistics system (by its object and subject components) and the level of efficiency of the enterprise's logistics costs (economy). To assess the state of the logistics system, it is suggested to use the methods of point assessment, expert survey and analysis of hierarchies. Estimating the effectiveness of logistics costs involves the use of an integral assessment and a taxonomic method. It is proposed to choose a specific logistics strategy based on the key factors on which the company's logistics management is oriented (costs, quality, time, logistics assets). A general indicator of the implementation of the selected logistics strategy quality has been developed: the relative change in the state of the logistics system must exceed the relative change in the efficiency of logistics costs. This will contribute to the fact that the costs of the main logistics tools for the period under study were effective.

Exploring the 15-minutes city: the metropolitan context of Oporto

It is easy to understand why the idea of a 15-minutes city, providing most everyday amenities within 15-minutes travel time, has become so appealing to city officials and citizens in the last decades, and with particular strength, in the last few years following the COVID-19 pandemic. The explicit reduction of both travel distance and time are, in themselves, tantalizing for societies in need of coping with major challenges, such as, global warming, sustainable development, car-dependent cities, lack of quality urban spaces, and quality of life. Regardless, such prescriptive strategy seems to be at odds with less dense urban environments found in sprawl, the majority of suburban development and even some urban centres.
 Using the idea of a 15-minutes city as an analytical lens instead of a prescriptive policy, this paper aims to explore the diversity of settings for the 15-minutes city, using a metropolitan area as testbed for its diversity of urban and suburban contexts. Our research explores the diversity of accessibility conditions currently offered at 15-minutes walking time (grouped into typologies), using network-based accessibility measures at the census tract level.
 Our analysis of the core municipalities of the metropolitan area of Porto revealed 6 main typologies for the 15-minutes city with roughly 18% of the population able to reach all of the considered amenities while 1% has none at 15-minutes walking. Although some areas seem able to move up in the referred typologies through policies such as the ones prescribed by the 15-minutes city concept, others seem unable to make the change. Uniformity does also not necessarily seem desirable for the different urban context encountered. Finally, forcing fashionable concepts, as this one, onto urban areas may come at the expense of the underlying sustainability concerns they were developed to encourage.

Exploring Cross-Border Labor Commuting as a Practice of Tactical Mobility

Within the last few years there has been an increased interest in the interplay of structure and agency in border studies. Following the strategic-relational approach, these studies generally focus on territorial actors, particularly subnational institutions and how they use their capacities, to establish transnational cooperation and networks, to overcome the obstacles resulting from national and / or multi-governmental policies. Like subnational organizations and institutions on border regions, cross-border commuters develop and use tactics to overcome the socio-economic and legal risks and crises. Based on the thematic analysis of the semi-structured interviews with commuters from Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and Poland, it is demonstrated that by being mobile across the borders, commuters aim at gaining flexibility and a relatively advantageous position in housing and labor markets of different countries. This paper, by referring to the strategic-relational approach, argues that cross-border mobility is practiced as a form of tactical mobility in which commuters constantly revise their mobility practices, depending on new, emerging socio-economic conditions. Moreover, by referring to the concept of de Certeau’s (1984) tactic, three main typologies of cross-border mobility are conceptualized.

Cetaceans playing with single-use plastics (SUPs): A widespread interaction with likely severe impacts

Play is a common behaviour in wild cetaceans that includes the manipulation of natural, as well as artificial objects such as marine debris. Yet, very little is known about these interactions despite the potential impacts on cetacean health. We combined a detailed review of the scientific literature and social media with 12 years of observations to examine cetacean interactions with plastic litter. A total of 11 odontocete species (Tursiops truncatus, Stenella longirostris, Delphinus delphis, Grampus griseus, Steno bredanensis, Stenella frontalis, Sotalia guianensis, Pseudorca crassidens, Orcinus orca, Globicephala melas and Physeter macrocephalus) were documented in 59 events carrying or throwing plastic litter with their head and/or flippers suggesting a form of play. Interactions occurred in the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian Ocean, Mediterranean, and Red Sea, with single-use plastics composing the main typology registered. While these interactions appeared harmless to the observers, they can pose a significant risk through subsequent entanglement or ingestion.

Multiple Meanings of Child Participation in Architecture and Planning: Revisiting the Participation Ladder

In literature, there are numerous studies on child participation and the levels of participation. However, the levels of child participation are categorized with different approaches among these studies. The aim of this article is to make a comparative analysis by examining the literature on the degrees of child participation and to systematize the concepts. Therefore, (i) bibliometric analysis and thematic mapping methods were conducted to identify various themes in academic studies in the field of child participation to understand the conceptual structure of the relevant literature that has changed over time; (ii) initiative reports suggesting different frameworks regarding participation degrees were also examined. These studies were categorized according to their definitions of participation degrees in a table. The table was structured from the lowest level of participation to the highest level, under three main typologies: non-participation, low-level participation, and true participation. It has been observed that all studies are concerned with ethical distinctions at the base level; consider lower levels of participation; and define methods that they consider as true participation. It was found that the levels and definitions in some studies were more inclusive and included several levels of participation simultaneously. However, the active participation of children in the processes and clarifying their actual roles are still vague issues. This study clarifies the boundaries of child participation in literature and serves as a basis for future studies investigating the degree of child participation in projects, which will help to uncover and develop the nature of practices involving child participation.

Main Typologies and the Functions of Using the Image in Politics, Political Images

The importance of research topics derives from the theoretical and practical importance of building the image of political leaders in the modern world. With the emergence of beautiful and bright shells of people carrying images, external features, and encrypted information’s in the 21st century, those images will become an integral part of the lives of both individuals and the political system and the nation. It takes a lot of effort to create a truly effective image. Therefore, it is important to first figure out the rational for studying the image process. And only after studying the phenomenon of the image of a political leader from a scientific point of view, various experts developed the image of a particular leader in a practical way. An important aspect of the image building process of political leaders is the leader’s transformation strategy, which builds an image that works and succeeds. During the times, images always have been part and in the centre of public politics, on the other hand, when we are seeing the political communication from the visual aspects or social media aspects we are catching the real momentum of the political communication. Based on the new facts, there are still some important research problems/ gaps in this area. This paper examines the key role of the “image” in modern political campaigns, especially based on what kind of political communication image the politician can the politician win the election.

Improving landslide inventories by combining satellite interferometry and landscape analysis: the case of Sierra Nevada (Southern Spain)

An updated and complete landslide inventory is the starting point for an appropriate hazard assessment. This paper presents an improvement for landslide mapping by integrating data from two well-consolidated techniques: Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) and Landscape Analysis through the normalised channel steepness index (ksn). The southwestern sector of the Sierra Nevada mountain range (Southern Spain) was selected as the case study. We first propose the double normalised steepness (ksnn) index, derived from the ksn index, to remove the active tectonics signal. The obtained ksnn anomalies (or knickzones) along rivers and the unstable ground areas from the DInSAR analysis rapidly highlighted the slopes of interest. Thus, we provided a new inventory of 28 landslides that implies an increase in the area affected by landslides compared with the previous mapping: 33.5% in the present study vs. 14.5% in the Spanish Land Movements Database. The two main typologies of identified landslides are Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations (DGSDs) and rockslides, with the prevalence of large DGSDs in Sierra Nevada being first revealed in this work. We also demonstrate that the combination of DInSAR and Landscape Analysis could overcome the limitations of each method for landslide detection. They also supported us in dealing with difficulties in recognising this type of landslides due to their poorly defined boundaries, a homogeneous lithology and the imprint of glacial and periglacial processes. Finally, a preliminary hazard perspective of these landslides was outlined.

Seismic Risk Assessment of Simply Supported Girders Bridges

Abstract Transport infrastructures, such as bridges, located in seismically active regions are potential exposure due to seismic hazards. A bridge collapse can have tremendous consequences because they provide vital links in a transportation system. Cross border region historically is very well known as territory characterized with high seismic risk. For that purpose, this study is related to the identification of seismic hazard cross-border harmonization vulnerability assessment of risk based on defined levels of seismic hazard and definition of reliable risk of simply supported girders bridge, which is main typology scheme. This study presents an analytical method to predict damage exceedance probabilities due to seismic events using the development of fragility curves. The proposed framework is demonstrated by performing case study highway bridges located in cross border Albanian region with Greece and North Macedonia. Bridge hazard identification is defined by established each damage state of probabilistic structural capacity. The damage probabilities of exceedance that structural demand exceeds capacity are analyzed, displaying results in the fragility curves of bridges.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СТАНУ ПАРКУВАЛЬНОГО ПРОСТОРУ МІСТА ВІННИЦІ

The change in approaches to the organization of parking space in the conditions of modern urban development of cities is considered.The domestic and foreign practice of designing parking lots oriented to residential development is analyzed.The trend of changes in the design, construction and organization of parking lots in highly developed cities has been revealed, in the direction of moving away from meeting the needs of all car owners in parking spaces to integrating parking spaces into the residential and transport infrastructure of cities.Modern parking lots are adaptive, integrated, functionally changing urban spaces over time, which allow regulating the number of cars on city streets.In Ukraine, the design of parking lots still gravitates towards the level of car mobility and the radius of accessibility to parking lots. The article examines the types, distribution, types by purpose and placement of parking spaces in the city of Vinnytsia.The problem of parking space organization in the city of Vinnytsia has been determined. The peculiarities of the formation of the existing parking space in the city of Vinnytsia, depending on the formation of the existing development of the city districts, functional purpose and the way of using the territory, were studied.The main typology of the city's parking lots and their condition have been determined.The main trends in the organization of parking space in the city of Vinnytsia are presented and rational directions for its further development are proposed, which allow to reduce the use of personal vehicles when moving around the city and free the city spaces from excessive overloading with cars

Types of Texts in Teaching French as a Foreign Language

The article aims to present the typology of texts to be studied in the course of French as a foreign language. The relevance of the research is due to the insufficient development of a general typology of texts, the variability of the composition of typologies offered by French-speaking linguists and methodologists, as well as the terminological disorder of the names of the types of texts included in them. The article deals with the main typologies of texts, developed in French linguistics, then with the typologies based on them, used in French lingua-didactics. Then a personal structural and pragmatic typology of texts in French, containing 13 types of texts with their main characteristics and a number of examples, is presented. The methods of observation, comparison, description, interpretation, analysis, synthesis and typology were used in the study. The practical value of the study lies in the possibility of applying the developed typology of texts in teaching French as a foreign language at different levels and stages of learning.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СТАНУ ПАРКУВАЛЬНОГО ПРОСТОРУ МІСТА ВІННИЦІ

The change in approaches to the organization of parking space in the conditions of modern urban development of cities is considered. The domestic and foreign practice of designing parking lots oriented to residential development is analyzed. The trend of changes in the design, construction and organization of parking lots in highly developed cities has been revealed, in the direction of moving away from meeting the needs of all car owners in parking spaces to integrating parking spaces into the residential and transport infrastructure of cities. Modern parking lots are adaptive, integrated, functionally changing urban spaces over time, which allow regulating the number of cars on city streets. In Ukraine, the design of parking lots still gravitates towards the level of car mobility and the radius of accessibility to parking lots. The article examines the types, distribution, types by purpose and placement of parking spaces in the city of Vinnytsia. The problem of parking space organization in the city of Vinnytsia has been determined. The peculiarities of the formation of the existing parking space in the city of Vinnytsia, depending on the formation of the existing development of the city districts, functional purpose and the way of using the territory, were studied. The main typology of the city's parking lots and their condition have been determined. The main trends in the organization of parking space in the city of Vinnytsia are presented and rational directions for its further development are proposed, which allow to reduce the use of personal vehicles when moving around the city and free the city spaces from excessive overloading with cars.

Do they see eye to eye? Managing customer experience in phygital high-tech retail

PurposeThis paper aims to empirically investigate the typologies of phygital (synaeresis of “physical” and “digital”) customer experiences (CXs) that can arise in high-tech retail based on the intensity of consumers' responses and reactions to the stimuli triggered by firms. Moreover, it explores how firms attempt to shape the architecture of the phygital CXs. Notably, this article identifies the flexible and agile strategies implemented by firms to enhance the several typologies of phygital CXs, with the intention of better exploiting physical and digital features to respond to the differences in customers' needs, preferences and expectations.Design/methodology/approachThis study performs an in-depth exploratory single-case study based on semi-structured interviews with the customers, managers and employees of the Webidoo Store.FindingsThis study develops a framework illustrating the main typologies of ordinary (“hostile”, “controversial” and “disappointing”) and extraordinary (“passionate” and “explorative”) CXs that can arise in phygital contexts. Also, it identifies some key flexible and agile strategies (“decompressive strategy”, “mentoring strategy”, “prompting strategy” and “entertaining strategy”) that companies might follow to adjust their offerings and respond quickly to the different forms of phygital CXs to create a more compelling experience tailored to customers' needs, preferences and expectations.Research limitations/implicationsAmong the study's limitations are the single-case study methodology and a specific setting like the Italian one. As a result, future studies could broaden the study to include other research contexts and countries. The paper offers significant managerial insights based on the many forms of CX across ordinary and extraordinary CXs. Thus, it provides critical takeaways for businesses to meet customer demand.Originality/valueThis paper analyzes the different typologies of ordinary and extraordinary CXs that could occur in phygital contexts based on the intensity of consumers' responses and reactions to firms' stimuli. Also, it explores how firms attempt to shape the architecture of the phygital CXs through flexible and agile strategies. From this paper, managers and decision-makers can reflect on successful strategies they could use to affect the stimuli to which customers respond in an agile manner, thus enhancing phygital CXs.

Current, Projected Performance and Costs of Thermal Energy Storage

The technology for storing thermal energy as sensible heat, latent heat, or thermochemical energy has greatly evolved in recent years, and it is expected to grow up to about 10.1 billion US dollars by 2027. A thermal energy storage (TES) system can significantly improve industrial energy efficiency and eliminate the need for additional energy supply in commercial and residential applications. This study is a first-of-its-kind specific review of the current projected performance and costs of thermal energy storage. This paper presents an overview of the main typologies of sensible heat (SH-TES), latent heat (LH-TES), and thermochemical energy (TCS) as well as their application in European countries. With regard to future challenges, the installation of TES systems in buildings is being implemented at a rate of 5%; cogeneration application with TES is attested to 10.2%; TES installation in the industry sector accounts for 5% of the final energy consumption. From the market perspective, the share of TES is expected to be dominated by SH-TES technologies due to their residential and industrial applications. With regard to the cost, the SH-TES system is typically more affordable than the LH-TES system or the TCS system because it consists of a simple tank containing the medium and the charging/discharging equipment.