Main Stakeholders Research Articles

Nursing students' experiences of professional competence evaluation by Objective Structured Clinical examination method: a qualitative content analysis study.

Clinical education is a significant part of medical education, and paying attention to clinical evaluation is important. One of the challenges in the teaching-learning process is evaluating students' performance. Learners, as the main stakeholders of the educational system, may have different experiences of evaluation quality. Awareness of these experiences is effective in improving the quality of clinical evaluation. Therefore, this study was conducted to "explore the experiences of nursing students for evaluation of professional competence by using the objective structured clinical examination (OSCE)". This study was conducted with a qualitative descriptive research approach and conventional content analysis method in 2022-2024. The participants included 12 undergraduate nursing students at Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, who were selected by purposeful sampling, and their experiences were collected using semi-structured and in-depth interviews until reaching data saturation. The data analysis of the interviews led to the extraction of 268 primary codes, 7 subcategories, 2 categories, and 1 theme: "Credibility and stability". The category "Exam's accuracy in measuring competence " included 3 sub-categories: "Challenges in objective adaptation ", " Communication and organizational challenges for exam preparation " and " Inadequate simulation of stations and exam environment ", and the category " Exam power for repeatability" included 4 sub-categories: " Characteristics of the students ", " Lack of evaluators' skills and mastery ", " Inefficiency of the evaluation tool " and " Disturbance in executive affairs". OSCE can be used in self-evaluation, creating motivation and strengthening different dimensions of students' learning, as well as discovering weaknesses and strengths for planning by managers and faculties. According to the results of this study, many factors such as management before and during the exam, characteristics of the evaluators, prevailing educational conditions in the faculty, and the method of clinical training are effective in achieving the "reliability and sustainability" required in the OSCE.

STAKEHOLDERS ANALYSIS OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN SEGARA ANAKAN LAGOON, CILACAP

The mangrove ecosystems are one type of coastal ecosystem found along coastlines and river estuaries that are influenced by tides and inundation. Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap as one type of coastal ecosystem has a protection function, coastal area buffer, and cultivation area function that must be supported from the aspects of policy and institutions, communication, and coordination. This study aims to identify the role of stakeholders and the relationship between stakeholders in mangrove ecosystem management in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap. The research method used was a survey and interview method analyzed with MACTOR software. The results showed that there were 18 stakeholders who involved in mangrove ecosystem management in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap. The stakeholders are classified into main stakeholders, key stakeholders, and supporting stakeholders using the objective of mangrove management as key activities such as silvofishery, mangrove conservation, fishing activity, industry activity, etc. The level of convergence between stakeholders was 96.1% and the level of divergence was 3.9%. These results indicate a relatively low potential for conflict between stakeholders. The research can be used as a model relation between stakeholders to support the management activity of Segara Anakan Lagoon.

A preliminary examination of teachers’ and parents’ perspective on sexually inclusive primary education: The role of homophobic prejudice and moral disengagement

Sexually inclusive primary education, namely a school environment that uses inclusive practices toward sexual minorities contributes to students’ psychological and learning adaptation. Therefore, it is essential primary school stakeholders’ perspective on sexually inclusive education to be explored, since this could facilitate the effective implementation of related prevention/awareness programs targeted at students. Nevertheless, teachers’ and parents’ related perspective, as main school stakeholders, as well as the predictive value of their homophobic prejudice and moral disengagement remain an under-investigated research field. The present study examined comparatively teachers’ and parents’ perspective on sexually inclusive primary education. Furthermore, the predictive role of homophobic prejudice and moral disengagement was investigated for each subgroup. Overall, 249 primary school teachers (78% women) of the fifth and sixth grades from randomly selected Greek public schools and 268 parents (81% mothers) of children who attended the above grades of the participating schools completed an online self-reported questionnaire on the variables involved. In general, participants expressed a relatively conservative perspective on sexually inclusive primary education, with teachers’ perspective being less inclusive than that of the parents. Teachers’ related perspective was predicted negatively mainly by homophobic prejudice and secondarily by moral disengagement. Parents’ corresponding perspective was predicted negatively only by moral disengagement. Despite the differentiated perspective between the two subgroups, the findings imply that both teachers and parents need to attend prevention/awareness actions regarding students’ sexual diversity and their school inclusion. Within these actions, differentiated experiential activities could be implemented for teachers and parents to combat homophobic prejudice and/or moral disengagement.

Dr. Meena and mission maternal health: building allies in the government hospital

Research methodology The case study is based on field data, including in-depth semi-structured interviews with the main protagonist and related stakeholders of a large government hospital in Western India. After informed consent, the interviews with the stakeholders were conducted, transcribed and analyzed verbatim. In addition, secondary data from policy reports, newspaper articles and government websites was used to create the case. Since the protagonist works in the government system, her identity and other identifying information are disguised to maintain confidentiality. Case overview/synopsis The case study investigates the leadership challenges in a healthcare facility/hospital in public health. It traces the evolution of Dr Meena Sharma (Dr Meena), a leader in the government hospital ecosystem facing challenges such as infrastructural deficiencies, manpower deficit, healthcare bureaucracy and heavy patient load. This first-generation medical practitioner who transitioned from a private practice to a governmental one juggles balancing her demanding clinical practice, administrative responsibilities and teaching in the government hospital with her family responsibilities setup. However, in the wake of the upcoming LaQshya – Labour Room Quality Improvement Initiative by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, she strives to put together and motivate her team to work toward improving the quality of care during delivery and the immediate postpartum period at her hospital. Various issues arise in the organizational leadership for a woman leader such as adopting appropriate leadership style and using appropriate motivation and communication strategies for optimal performance. Complexity academic level The case study is aimed at teaching/training a) departmental heads of public and private hospitals, b) health program managers at higher and middle-level leadership roles, c) health policymakers at various levels in the government and other organizations and d) graduate and postgraduate students of public health, hospital management/administration. In addition to this, it can also be used for general management programs to teach organizational behavior, communication and leadership courses.

Blue Accounting Literacy Perspective on the Tourism Sector in Indonesia

This research aims to analyze the challenges, role of government, and understanding of stakeholders in managing marine and coastal resources in Indonesia through the Blue Accounting approach. This research uses qualitative methodology with literature analysis of twenty-five relevant articles. The data was analyzed to identify the main challenges, government role, and stakeholder understanding in implementing Blue Accounting. Management of marine and coastal resources in Indonesia faces various challenges, including inadequate infrastructure and low public awareness. The government's role is critical in developing regulations, coordinating conservation efforts, and involving stakeholders. Stakeholder understanding of Blue Accounting and multi-stakeholder collaboration have proven effective in overcoming these challenges and improving resource welfare. This research provides insight into the importance of strong regulation, public education, and collaboration between governments, communities, and the private sector in the management of marine and coastal resources. The practical implications are the need to develop a blue accounting model that is more integrated with information and communication technology to improve the effectiveness of environmental monitoring and management. The study emphasizes the importance of data-based Blue Accounting approaches and multi-stakeholder collaboration in marine and coastal resource management, which has not been much applied in previous research.

The Role of the Ministry of Industry as the Main Stakeholder in the Development of IKM Centers in Indonesia

Small and medium industries (SMEs) are vital sectors in Indonesia's economy, with significant contributions to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and job creation. The IKM Center, which groups small and medium-sized business units in one location, is expected to improve production efficiency and industrial competitiveness. However, many centers are experiencing problems in management and revitalization. This research aims to explore the role of the Ministry of Industry as the main stakeholder in the development of IKM Centers in Indonesia. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study examines the role of the Ministry of Industry as a regulator, facilitator, catalyst, investor, and strategic planner in developing SME Centers. The results of the study show that although the IKM Center has great potential, there are still challenges in policy implementation and management that require revitalization. The government is expected to continue to strengthen its role to support the sustainability and growth of the IKM Center in the long term

A systematic literature review of online communication and promotion for sustainable tourism

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to systematically review the literature on how sustainable tourism is communicated online and who the main stakeholders involved in the communication are.Design/methodology/approachConducting a quantitative approach based on the systematic literature review, we searched five academic databases and examined 747 papers published from 2009 to 2022. A total of 87 articles were systematically analysed.FindingsSustainable online communication has mainly been explored through structured data rather than alternative ones. Different stakeholders have been studied about online sustainable communication. However, few studies have focused on the relationships between them as a unique and complex ecosystem of subjects.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first attempt to synthesise sustainable online communication and the stakeholders involved. It provides an in-depth understanding of central papers discussing the topic and offers insights for future research to foster growth in both research and practice. Overall, this research highlights the lack of research on the topic and its importance for a planned sustainability-oriented online communication strategy to raise awareness and inspire sustainable choices.

The Controversy of Social Forestry Policy: Public Reaction on the Ministry of Environment and Forestry Decree No. 287/2022/KHDPK in Java, Indonesia

Social forestry in Java, Indonesia, refers to policies and practices aimed at involving local communities in management and protection of forest areas. The study focuses on the controversy surrounding Decree No. 287/2022/KHDPK of the social forest policy which was rejected by local forest communities and public. The primary contribution of this research is to investigate the reasons behind the rejection on the Ministry of Environment and Forestry regarding Forest Areas with Special Management (KHDPK) policy, particularly the reduction in the forest area it entails. The main stakeholder involved in this controversy include Perum Perhutani, which has a vested interest in maintaining control of 2.4-million-hectare of forest land in Java. A qualitative research method was employed, using a case study approach applied for content analysis. Data were gathered from online newspapers and social media reports published between April 2022 and October 2022. The results indicates that the ongoing controversy reflects a disharmonious relationship between regulators and operators in implementing Agrarian Reform and Social Forestry policies on Java Island. The data suggest that the failure to manage the dialogue between stakeholders can create a challenging environment for the sustainability of both people and forests. Furthermore, involvement of stakeholders in the formulation and implementation of new environmental policies can foster better relationships. This study also highlights the critical role of dialogue and collaboration among regulators, operators, local communities, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and other stakeholders.

A multifunctional life cycle assessment of durum wheat cropping systems

Agricultural systems strongly impact ecosystems by driving terrestrial degradation, water depletion, and climate change. The Life Cycle Assessment allows for comprehensive analyses of the environmental impacts of food production. Nonetheless, its application still faces challenges due to cropping systems’ increased complexity and multifunctionality. Past research has emphasized the need for more holistic approaches to consider dynamic crop interactions and diverse functions of cropping systems, beyond just meeting the demand for foods and feeds. In this context, this study applied an alternative combined and multifunctional modelling approach to compare the environmental performances of two durum wheat cropping systems. The latter differed in crop rotation schedules, farming methods, tillage techniques, and genotypes grown (including both modern and old ones). Novel methodological choices were adopted in this study, aiming at best representing the complexity and peculiarities of these systems, by considering crop rotation effects and reflecting the main durum wheat stakeholders’ perspectives. The results showed that the organic low-input landrace-growing system (Case 1) had considerably lower environmental impacts than the conventional high-input one (Case 2), regardless of the functional unit. The environmental hotspots were the increased land occupation and the bare fallow for Case 1 and Case 2, respectively. At the endpoint level, the most affected impact categories for both the systems of analysis were land use, fine particulate matter formation, global warming (human health), and human non-carcinogenic toxicity. Also, the midpoint analysis pointed out important differences in terms of other assessed impact categories, with Case 1 better performing for the majority of them. The identified improvement solutions include the following: the enhancement of the yield performances and the optimization of nitrogen provision from the leguminous crop for Case1, the shift toward a more efficient rotational scheme, the reduction of the use of external inputs, and the avoidance of unnecessary soil tillage operations for Case 2.

Use of the value-focused thinking methodology to understand health care waste management under the perspective of occupational and environmental health

The increasing generation of healthcare waste has greatly accelerated the concern about its potential negative environmental and public health effects. In this sense, the application of decision-making methods and techniques at a strategic level has become increasingly indispensable for the management of health units. This article aimed to understand the challenges in healthcare waste management (HCWM), the main mechanisms of action and values. The Value-Focused Thinking methodology was used to evidence important gaps and propose improvements in the context of decision on occupational safety and environmental protection, leading to the creation of alternatives not seen previously and guaranteeing the good ideas would be converted into actions. The structure was developed by semi-structured questionnaires, observation lists and interviews, conducted to expose the values of the main stakeholders (managers, health professionals, and cleaning professionals) of 10 public health units selected in Caruaru (Brazil). As a result, the investigation evidenced four fundamental goals for the decision context: improvement in work and environmental safety; improvement in HCWM practices; improvement in resource management; strengthening of the stakeholder communication network. From the analysis of the attributes associated with the fundamental goals, it was possible to identify actions that should be implemented with a higher priority and, in the short term, aiming at obtaining positive results, especially in the management practices and the safe management of health waste. The study resulted from an investigation that awakened the participants about aspects little questioned in everyday life. Implementing actions to segregate and recycle materials, with data monitoring and sharing, will increase the population's trust and the environment's and professionals' safety. The alternatives derived from the VFT method consider the perspectives of key stakeholders in HCWM, helping decision-makers and policymakers develop more assertive and grounded management strategies.

Assessment of Garcinia kola Heckl value chain and its contribution to the livelihoods of local populations in Eastern Cameroon

The value chain analyses of a product can provide vital information for improving the production, value addition, market organization and boost the contribution of the product to the income of the stakeholders involved. Hence, this study was carried out on the Garcinia kola value chain in Belabo, Cameroon. Twenty-three focus group discussions were held, and semi-structured surveys were administered to 135 stakeholders engaged in the G. kola value chain in the Belabo municipality. The results reveal that nuts, barks, and roots are the main parts collected. The nuts are marketed without processing while the barks and roots are consumed directly, marketed or processed into powder before consumption and marketing. G. kola value chain in Belabo has two levels of structuring, rural and urban. Nuts are sold by the unit or in buckets corresponding to the kilogram, with the price per nut ranging from 0.4 to 1.70 USD, depending on whether you're in the rural or urban market. It also varies according to production season and nut size. Barks and roots are sold all year round, generally in piled strips weighing approximately 100 g, with prices ranging from 0.17 to 1.75 USD on the rural and urban markets, respectively. The main stakeholders involved in the value chain are collectors/harvesters, local traders, retailers and wholesalers. Marketing provides more income to wholesalers and retailers, contributing over 35 % and 20 % to their annual income and less than 30 % and 15 %, respectively, to those of collectors and local traders. The major problems the G. kola value chain in this locality is facing are the attack of the product by weevils (24 % of citation), poor storage facilities and deforestation (14 %), price fluctuation, and lack of market (13.33 and 11.85 %). In Belabo, the marketing of G. kola is not profitable for the collectors, who are the main actors in the production chain characterized by rudimentary processing, poor storage and preservation techniques high marketing. The organization of the different stakeholder into association would help to better structuring the G. kola value in Belabo are the two main opportunities for improving the G. kola value chain with the potential of increase its contribution to the livelihoods of the different main stakeholders involved. In addition, policymakers should consider initiating innovations to boost production, support conservation, processing and price regulation to scale up economic and environmental benefits from G. kola.

Work Based Learningin Vocational Education Training (VET): A Review ofEngagement Among Stakeholders

To improve the implementation of the program, an integrated approach is required, as stakeholder involvement is a critical factor that needs to be taken into account. To improve the capacity of the WBL program through stakeholder engagement, this paper addresses the literature on stakeholder perspectives on WBL. The perspectives of the three main stakeholders, namely industry, students, and higher education institutions, were explored in this paper. This review paper adhered to the standards of the GEA-RIME committee for systematic literature reviews. Based on the research questions, this paper explored different types of WBL models and how stakeholders engage with each WBL model, as well as the challenges stakeholders face during engagement. For the final literature paper evaluation and findings, 41publications on in-service learning in hospitality and tourism curricula published between 2010 and 2022 were selected. The results of the literature review show that there are many types of WBL models, each with a different approach to stakeholder engagement and different challenges. It can be concluded that strong multi-stakeholder engagement is crucial for effective WBL training transfer. Based on the findings, it is recommended that all stakeholders share responsibility to ensure that the transfer of knowledge and skills during the WBL process achieves the quality standards of training and produces the highly skilled graduates desired by the industry.

MICE tourism product value chain

MICE tourism is a segment of the tourism industry that, due to its singularity, requires specific attention. This article offers a holistic approach to the channel of distribution of MICE tourism and targets two main objectives: the proposal of a conceptual framework that depicts all stakeholders, flows of action and possibilities of intermediation and study of the process of intermediation in order to analyze its present status and future development. To achieve our goal in this study, we used research methods - literature analysis, study of scientific publications, scientific research, and also used the construction of tables and diagrams of interaction between the main stakeholders of MICE tourism. When analyzing materials and writing this article, the following methods were used: general scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, systematization of theoretical data), system content analysis. The results observe a slow but steady process of disintermediation in which intermediaries are being bypassed in order to reduce costs. However, it also reaches the conclusion that total disintermediation is not feasible due to the high standards of quality service that the MICE market demands.

Collaborative Governance dalam Mewujudkan Kota Singkawang Sebagai Kota Tertoleran Tahun 2023

Tolerance is one of the essential pillars in creating a harmonious and inclusive society, particularly in a city with ethnic and cultural diversity like Singkawang. Collaborative Governance, as an approach involving various stakeholders in the decision-making process, is key to achieving this goal. This study aims to explore how Collaborative Governance plays a role in making Singkawang a Tolerant City in 2023, using Ansell and Gash's (2007) theory of Collaborative Governance as an analytical framework. The research method used is a qualitative study with a descriptive approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews and related document analysis. The results show that there are 13 main stakeholders involved, with the Singkawang City Government as the primary facilitator. Each has a specific role in facilitating cooperation, conducting dialogues, preserving culture, and supporting activities that promote tolerance. The study also found that the roles and contributions among stakeholders have not yet been fully integrated into a structured legal framework, and there are still challenges in aligning interests and long-term commitments. Collaborative Governance in Singkawang is effective in enabling better coordination among stakeholders, but there are still shortcomings in dialogue participation, consensus on mutual understanding, and accountability mechanisms that need improvement. This study provides important insights for the development of public policy and collaborative practices in Singkawang.

The Role of Equity Crowdfunding in the Brazilian Entrepreneurial Ecosystem: An Empirical Analysis

This research provides the first deep and empirical look into Brazil’s increasing equity crowdfunding, or crowdinvest, market, and examines its peculiarities. It is a pioneering work dedicated to understanding which characteristics most impact the success of offers in the country, and whether there is any representative movement pointing to the inclusion of gender, firm age, and location or participation of small investors. We employ descriptive and quantitative research techniques and analyses all the offerings derived through this mechanism from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2020—totaling 234 operations, considering successful offers (the ones that received investment) and unsuccessful offers (those that failed in raising funds), registered by 24 platforms in the country according to CVM (Comissão de Valores Mobiliários), the Brazilian SEC, under regulation Instruction 588. Furthermore, we use empirical and publicly available data from several sources. The findings reveal that mutual offers are more attractive to investors than those of equity, impacting the dependent variable of success. Besides this, firm location is the only inclusion aspect with representativeness among the independent variables tested. The main contributions of the research lie in providing the first empirical study that (1) consolidates a consistent database of the equity crowdfunding industry in Brazil, (2) reveals the role of crowdinvest in Brazil, related to bank credit to SMEs, and (3) provides recommendations to the main stakeholders that can improve the whole ecosystem.

International aid management in Afghanistan’s health sector from the perspective of national and international managers

PurposeThe primary purpose of international aid is to promote economic and social development around the world. International aid plays an important role in Afghanistan’s healthcare system. The purpose of this study is to investigate international aid management in Afghanistan’s health sector from the perspectives of national and international managers in 2022 and to provide recommendations for the improvement.Design/methodology/approachThe study has a cross-sectional design. The study participants were chosen by random sampling. The sample size was determined based on Yaman’s formula at 110. The data collection tool was the questionnaire provided by International Health Partnership and Related Initiatives. The data were analyzed in two descriptive (mean and percentage) and analytical formats. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and Variance analysis were used to examine the relationships between demographic variables and the scores of each dimension.FindingsThe average scores given to different dimensions of aid management were as following: 1) the donners’ support of the national health strategy: 48/68 ± 16.14 (49%), 2) the predictable financing: 50/23 ± 16.02 (50%), 3) foreign aid on budget: 55/39 ± 20.15 (55%), 4) strengthening public financial management system: 38/35 ± 19.06 (38%), 5) strengthening the supply and procurement system: 40.97 ± 19.55 (41%), 6) mutual accountability: 46.50 ± 19.26 (46%), 7) technical support and training: 50.24 ± 17.33 (50%), 8) civil society involvement: 35.24 ± 18.61(35%), 9) private sector participation: 36 ± 17.55 (36%), and in total the average score was 44.52 ± 13.27 (44%). The difference between the scores given by two groups of managers was not significant. No meaningful relationship was observed between the total score and any of the demographic variables, but there was a weak relationship between work and management experience and total score. The correlation coefficient showed a statistically significant relationship between the different dimensions of the questionnaire. To sum up, the performance in all dimensions of aid management hardly reached 50%. Donors’ support for the national health strategy was not adequate. There were challenges in evidence-based decision-making, developing national health strategies, control and evaluation, the allocation of resources and use of procurement system. The priorities of donors and government were not always similar and mutual responsibility was lacking. Technical assistance and supporting multilateral cooperation are necessary.Originality/valueMost studies on foreign aid focused on its effects on economic growth, poverty and investment and not aid management processes. Without proper aid management, parts of resources are wasted and aims of aid programs cannot be achieved. This study investigates aid management in a developing country from the perspectives of two main stakeholders, international and national managers.Research limitations and implicationsData collection coincided with the change of government in Afghanistan. The situation might be different now. Still, this study provides areas for the improvement of aid management in the studied country. Future studies can build upon the findings of this research and conduct in-depth exploration of areas of aid effectiveness and designing detailed programs of improvement.Practical implicationsInstructions of the Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness need to be followed. Particularly, civil society involvement and private sector participation should receive attention. A joint plan for improvement and collaboration of different stakeholders is needed.

Shared decision-making in adolescent healthcare: a literature review of ethical considerations.

Adolescence is a period of growing independence and maturity, within the period oflegal minority. As parents or guardians are socially and legally responsible for adolescents' medical decisions, shared decision-making in adolescent healthcare could be ethically challenging. This review aims to identify and map the ethical tensions in shared decision-making in adolescent healthcare. We systematically searched the literature following the PRISMA guidelines to identify relevant articles, which were analyzed using the review of reasons methodology Strech and Sofaer (J Med Ethics 38(2):121-6, 2012). We included 38 articles which involved adolescents, healthcare professionalsand parents as being the main stakeholders. Shared decision-making was influenced not only by individual stakeholders' characteristics, but by tensions between stakeholder dyads. Most studiessupported the involvement of the adolescent in decision-making, depending on their life experience, decision-making capacity and clinical condition. Shared decision-making in adolescent health is receiving increasing attention. However, questions remain on what this concept entails, the roles and involvement of stakeholders and its practical implementation. • Although adolescents wish to be involved in health decisions, shared decision-makingin adolescents is underexplored • Adolescentshared decision-making is different from pediatric and adult shared decision-making, and is ethically complex due to the adolescent's growing autonomy What is new: • Adolescent SDM involves three-way interactions between the adolescent, healthcare professionaland parents • In adolescent shared decision-making, involving or excluding a stakeholder and sharing or withholding information are ethically value-laden steps • Research is needed to further understand the roles of adolescents' personal value systems, extended or reconstituted families and decision aids in shared decision-making.

Did we achieve what we aimed for? Assessing the outcomes of a human–carnivore conflict mitigation and coexistence project in Europe

Monitoring and evaluation practices, demanded by nature conservation project donors, often focus on practical outputs, leaving the assessment of intended short and medium‐term outcomes and long‐term impacts challenging. This study employs a merger of the conflict intervention triangle model (CITM) and its three dimensions relationship, substance, and process, together with the logical framework approach (LFA) within the context of a human–wildlife conflict and coexistence (HWCC) project (LIFE EuroLargeCarnivores) in order to assess project correlated outcomes on stakeholder level over time.Two stakeholder surveys were conducted across 14 project partner countries, capturing baseline perceptions in 2018 and assessing changes in 2021. To assess the actual influence of the project with its focus on conflict mitigation, we applied an ex post counterfactual analysis. Results indicate positive developments in all dimensions of the CITM. The influence of the project is demonstrated by statistically significant differences in response behavior between participants and non‐participants of project interventions. The overall outcome regarding beliefs in satisfactory future management of increasing large carnivore populations, is more intricate. Significant differences are observed among three selected main stakeholder categories over the project's timeframe. While nature conservationists maintain high confidence levels, confidence of hunters and livestock raisers declined. However, results for participants of project interventions depict a significantly lower decline in confidence compared to non‐participants. Based on our findings, we provide insights how to efficiently evaluate outcomes of HWCC projects, offering recommendations for wildlife conservation practitioners. We conclude that HWCC projects are important also and especially in times of unfavorable frame conditions. Rigorous evaluation methods are essential to ensure efficient use of resources in order to maximize the outcomes of HWCC projects. The study highlights the need for long‐term evaluation to assess broader impacts at country, regional, and sector levels.

FEATURES OF PROMOTION OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES SERVICES BASED ON DIGITAL MARKETING TECHNOLOGIES

Currently, the development of the socio-­cultural life of the country is carried out at a fairly rapid pace. The 2020 pandemic was a turning point in this process: many cultural institutions, not wanting to lose their audience, began to use various forms of online promotion of their services. They began to actively master interactive forms of events, online communication with visitors. This trend has not lost its relevance even after organizations and institutions quit remote work. The issue of promoting products and services of creative industries is of particular relevance. Creative activities combine creativity with innovation. The purpose of the study is to develop practical recommendations for the promotion of creative industries services based on Internet marketing technologies. To achieve this goal, the work systematizes knowledge about the specifics of the development of creative industries, assesses their economic potential, develops stages aimed at promoting the organization of its services, adapts well-known theories and practices of digital marketing technology in relation to the industry under study. The object of the study is the domestic creative industry, the subject is the system of relationships between the main stakeholders in the process of promoting the creative industry. The following scientific methods were used in the course of the work: descriptive, analytical, statistical. The study has developed and tested a system of criteria to assess the effectiveness of the functioning of modern creative industries. A mechanism for promoting services in the field of cultural industries using Internet marketing technologies has been developed, including elements of a communication strategy, the most appropriate digital channels and tools for promoting cultural goods.

Adaptation planning of container ports in the context of typhoon risks: The case of Ningbo-Zhoushan port in China

This study conducts a comprehensive survey of the risk of typhoon to container ports by assessing the risk level of typhoons in China's major container ports, predicting their economic losses, and evaluating corresponding adaptation measures. It analyzes adaptation measures in response to typhoon impacts, with a case study of Ningbo-Zhoushan port, one of China's most representative regional ports. It identifies the inadequate supply of institutions and the absence and misbehavior of the main port stakeholders as the main cause of varying institutional imperfections in the port adaptation system. This study contributes to the development of efficient port typhoon prevention policies, reduction of economic losses and casualties, and improvement of port operational efficiency. It also fills an important research gap on climate risk and adaptation in China's container ports, with an emphasis in enhancing port resilience.