Main Source Of Information Research Articles

Community Health Risk Awareness and Knowledge of Air Pollution in Annadale, Polokwane Local Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa.

Exposure to air pollution has detrimental effects on the elderly, women, people with pre-existing medical conditions, people living in poverty and children. The aim of the study was to investigate the extent of community awareness and knowledge on the health risks associated with exposure to air pollution. The study was conducted at Annadale residential area locally known as Ladanna surrounded by industrial areas and located in Polokwane Local Municipality under Capricorn District Municipality in Limpopo Province, South Africa. A cross-sectional study design was used for the study, using self-administered questionnaires. The questionnaire was pre-tested on 10 respondents at Emdo Park (Extension 29) in Polokwane from 02 to 06 February 2021 and another fifteen respondents were pre-tested at Lesedi Park. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 376 respondents. Systematic sampling method was applied to select the households. SPSS version 26 was used to analyze data. Data was presented in the form of frequencies and percentages. Spearman rank correlation was used to measure the degree of association between 2 variables. A Chi-square test was used to compare the groups between the categorical variables. Multivariate Logistic Regression Model was used to assess associations of knowledge/awareness outcomes and sociodemographic characteristics with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (Cls) presented. Of 376 respondents, 221 (59%) were males and 154 (41%) females. The majority 113 (70%) of respondents were those between the age group 23 and 47 years and 353 (94%) were aware that if they don't protect themselves against polluted air, they may get sick, with age and educational status associated with their awareness (P < .05). About 361 (96%) knew what air pollution is and 188 (50%) think the air they breathe in Annadale is moderate. A total number of 278 (74%) said they feel sick/uncomfortable when the quality of air is bad. About 293 (78%) knew that people are exposed to air pollution by breathing contaminated air and 237 (63%) identified sewage smell as the main cause of air pollution. Internet 199 (53%) and television 177 (47%) were identified as the main source of information Those who were not aware of actions implemented to reduce air pollution were 180 (48%). Based on the results of the study, respondents' level of knowledge in Annadale was poor (71%) and their awareness was good (87%). It is crucial that air pollution risk communication strategies be implemented to empower residents and improve the level of knowledge on the dangers of exposure to polluted air.

Թվային հետքեր. ինչպես է զարգանում վարքագծի համացանց / Digital Footprints: How the Internet of Behavior is Evolving

Modern advanced technologies are opening up new horizons in data collection and processing. Not long ago, the main source of information about consumers was the mobile applications they used or the websites they visited. Now, it is possible to collect data about them through devices connected to the Internet. We are talking about a new concept, the Internet of Behaviour, so it is important to understand how this direction is developing and what is influencing it. The Internet of Behaviour is still a marketing direction, but it is clear that it has serious prospects in terms of management information technology, because information about users connected to the Internet can be successfully used in production and other sectors of the economy. In addition, the application of the Internet of Behaviour can give a serious boost to educational institutions, helping both learners and teachers to achieve higher performance. As you can see, the Internet of Behaviour is an extended version of the Internet of Things, which takes the level of modern technological development one step further and opens up new horizons in terms of human evolution.

Confessional contact zones of the Russian empire by counties and districts according to the results of the 1897 census

The first general population census of 1897 is the main source of information about the structure of the population of the Russian Empire at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries, including the religious composition of the population. At the same time, statistics based on the results of the census make it possible to carry out a cartographic analysis of the religious structure of the population not only at the level of provinces and regions, but at the lower administrative level (counties anddistricts). The purpose of the study is to assess the heterogeneity of the religious structure of the population of the Russian Empire at the level of counties and districts based on the results of the population census of 1897. For this purpose, a cartographic research method was used. The religious mosaic index was used as an indicator that allows dividing mono-confessional and multi-confessional territories and identifying contact zones between the areas of distribution of the main religions of the state (Christianity, Islam and Buddhism). Regions with a mixed religious composition of the population without a strong predominance of any one religion (confessional contact zones) were observed mainly in the border territories of the Russian Empire, especially in its western and southern parts. The center and north of the European part of the country, where the Orthodox population dominated, represented a mono-confessional (Orthodox) “core”.

Coronavirus disease appropriate behavior among medical representatives

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has brought many appropriate changes in the behavior of the people in India. It posed deleterious effects on nearly every industry and business sector and pharmaceutical industry is no exception. Medical representatives were facing challenges in contacting health-care providers and other concerned individuals for sales efforts during the pandemic affecting their work behaviors and outputs. Therefore, it is highly important that MRs have adequate knowledge about the COVID-19 appropriate behaviors (CABs). Aims and Objectives: The objective of our study was to assess the perception of COVID-19 appropriate behaviors (CAB), among medical representatives. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted during lockdown for a period of 3 months from May to July 2021. After obtaining Institutional approval using the CAB, published by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, a questionnaire was designed and along with the consent form was sent to Medical Representatives to collect the information on CAB. Data from all consented voluntary participants using self-administered Google forms were collected. The data collected were reversibly coded and confidentiality of participants was maintained. Results: A total of 88 number of medical representatives (n = 88) participated in the study. Of these, 96.50% were males and all were &lt;50 years. Graduated participants constituted 96.6% (n = 85). Only 67.10% perceived it as a serious disease. Greeting without physical contact was practiced by 57 (64.7%), Namaste, by 56 (63.3%). Avoiding touching hands, nose, and mouth was considered very important by 68.9%. Covering nose and mouth when you cough or sneeze with handkerchief was considered important for 96.6%. Avoiding touching eyes, nose, and mouth was considered “not important at all” and slightly important by 2.2% and 5.6%, respectively. Discourage and avoiding crowd was thought as not important at all by 3.4% and slightly important by 2.3%. Conclusion: The medical representatives are well informed about COVID-19 disease and it is spread but only 2/3rd of the participants regarded COVID-19 as a serious condition and practiced various CABs to prevent infection spread. They considered national news and doctors as the main source of information.

Gender Economics: The Underrepresentation of Females in the Labor Force

In this paper, I study female labor force participation and consider potential threats and obstacles women face that may inhibit their participation in the labor force. This ultimately serves as the culprit and driving force for the underrepresentation of females in the labor force. My project presents the numerous factors that cause lower female labor participation, the possible benefits of increasing it, and potential solutions to overcome this economic disparity. I will analyze statistics from the World Bank by creating infographics such as scatterplots. In addition, I conduct literature reviews which serve as my main source of information.

COVID-19 information seeking a survey of residents of Chilinde and Chinsapo Townships in Malawi

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak spread anxiety among the general public, which was exacerbated by an excessive amount of misleading information. This study investigated the behaviour of Chilinde and Chinsapo residents in seeking COVID-19 information. The study used a quantitative research approach, whereby a modified Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) questionnaire was used to collect data from 627 participants. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the characteristics of the study participants and the sources and types of COVID-19 information used. Most of the participants (71.3%, n=447) reported that they had looked for information about COVID-19 from different sources. Doctors and healthcare providers were the main sources of information on COVID-19. There were 58.1% (n=364) of participants who indicated that they were extremely worried about getting infected with COVID-19. It was further found that there was limited use of online platforms to access COVID-19 information. Multiple logistic regression results showed that male respondents had a higher chance of having online access to COVID-19 information than their female counterparts. Chilinde participants were more likely to have online access, unlike those residing in Chinsapo. This study recommends raising awareness to the masses regarding the use of reputable online sources in crisis situations in the future.

Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward malaria among hospital outpatients in Nangarhar, Afghanistan: A cross-sectional study.

In the Eastern Mediterranean region, Afghanistan ranks third for the world's highest burden of malaria. The vast majority (95%) of malaria cases in Afghanistan are attributed to Plasmodium falciparum and 5% to Plasmodium vivax. Most cases occur in low-altitude regions, especially in the eastern province of Nangarhar, where agriculture and farming are predominant. To better understand the public sentiment toward malaria, this study aimed to understand the knowledge, attitude, and practice of patients toward malaria who visited public and private hospitals of Nangarhar province. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on Nangarhar residents who visited the adult Outpatient departments of eight local public and private health facilities. Data collection took place from 1st August 2022 to 15th September 2022. Of 700 participants, 37.9% (n = 265) identified as male and 62.1% (n = 435) identified as female. The majority of participants (84.6 %) were within the (18-40) age range, followed by 12.7% in the (41-60) age range, and 2.7% were aged 61 years or older. Moreover, 99.7% (n = 698) of the participants had heard of malaria. The main sources of information about malaria were family members (31.3%, n = 219), television (32.6%, n = 228), Internet (12.6%, n = 88), school (11.3%, n = 79), and health facilities (31.4%, n = 220). Most respondents correctly identified mosquito bites as the primary mode of malaria transmission (72.6%, n = 508). Others suggested that transmission could occur by close contact with a malaria patient (14.0%, n = 98) and drinking contaminated water (17.3%, n = 121). The majority of participants (70.6%) agreed that malaria is a serious and life-threatening disease. A significant number of participants (96.6%) reported owning an insecticide-treated mosquito net at home, and 87.0% reported using the net. Overall, participants reported good knowledge, attitude, and practice toward malaria. This may be linked to the awareness campaigns and preventive programs in Nangarhar province that have contributed to participant's willingness to prevent malaria and treat themselves if they get infected. Public health campaigns are difficult in Afghanistan with weak governance and conflict, and thus, populations may find themselves at risk if health promotion activities are stopped.

E-Health literacy and online health information utilization among Jordanians: A population-based study.

The internet has become an essential part of empowering people to access health-related information. Huge amounts of health-related information are available online, but few people have the skills to assess its validity and reliability. Accordingly, the concept of ehealth literacy competencies emerged to measure the skills necessary to validate such information. As a result, the purpose of this study was to assess Jordanian people's e-health literacy, online health information utilization, and associated factors. This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March to December 2023. Results: The study found that participants rated their e-health literacy at 28.94 out of 40, indicating a sufficient level of health literacy, and their online health information utilization at 39.62, indicating a high level of engagement with online health resources. Furthermore, it is revealed that e-health literacy is associated with gender and geographic region, whereas online health information utilization is associated only with chronic disease. In Jordan, there is a balance between traditional and online health information use. While healthcare providers and primary health centers are the main sources of information, Jordanians show a sufficient level of e-health literacy, with females and the capital region exhibiting higher levels. Furthermore, Jordanians were more likely to use online health information. Nevertheless, it is crucial to work on improving internet platforms to enhance the quality of online health-related information.

Motivators and barriers to the acceptability of a human milk bank among Malaysians.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends that all babies be exclusively breastfed, stating that donor milk is the next best alternative in the absence of the mother's own milk. Milk sharing takes many forms, namely wet nursing, co-feeding, cross-feeding, and a human milk bank (HMB). However, the establishment of a human milk bank is still not widely accepted and is a debatable topic because of religious concerns in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to determine the facilitators and barriers among Malaysians towards the acceptance of an HMB. A cross-sectional study with 367 participants was conducted; the participants answered an online-validated, self-administered questionnaire. Data on sociodemographic, knowledge on breastfeeding benefits, knowledge and attitude on HMB-specific issues were analysed in terms of frequency before proceeded with multiple logistic regression. The majority of the respondents were Muslim (73.3%), had completed their tertiary education (82.8%), and were employed (70.8%). Only 55.9% of respondents had heard of HMB, stating the internet as their main source of information, but many respondents were agreeable to its establishment (67.8%). Most respondents had a good score on knowledge of breastfeeding benefits and on HMB-specific issues (70% and 54.2%, respectively), while 63.8% had a positive attitude towards HMB. In the multivariate analysis, mothers with a good score on general knowledge of breastfeeding (AOR: 1.715; 95% CI 1.047-2.808) were more likely to accept the establishment of HMB, while being a Muslim was negatively associated with its establishment (AOR = 0.113, 95% CI 0.050-0.253). The study found a high prevalence of mothers who were willing to accept the establishment of HMB. By educating mothers on the benefits of breastfeeding, as well as addressing their religious concerns, the establishment of a religiously abiding HMB in Malaysia may be accepted without compromising their beliefs or the health benefit of donor milk.

Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic: the unequal burden of COVID-19 on vulnerable populations in the Brazilian Central-West.

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and identify social factors and preventive strategies associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in socio and economically vulnerable people (recyclable waste pikers, immigrants/refugees, and homeless people) in Goiânia, Goiás State, Central-Western Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2020 to October 2020. COVID-19 positivity was defined as a positive total anti-SARS-COV-2 antibody test and/or RNA test for SARS-COV-2. Univariable and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify the variables associated with COVID-19. Of the 594 participants, 47.3% were recyclable waste pickers, 29.6% were immigrants/refugees, and 23.1% were homeless people. The positivity for SARS-CoV-2 RNA was 14.1%, whereas for anti-SARS-CoV-2 a total of 30.8% were positive, and 39.4% were positive for at least one COVID-19 marker. Among the 541 individuals, being immigrants/refugees, not wearing a surgical mask, and having three or more people sleeping in the same room were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, while using TV news as the main source of information about the pandemic was a protective predictor of COVID-19. This study revealed ethnic and socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of COVID-19 among impoverished people in Brazil. Additionally, a high prevalence of COVID-19 was detected in all three groups. Developing new strategies to combat and prevent communicable diseases affecting this population is essential for mitigating future and ongoing pandemics.

Knowledge and beliefs of endocrine disruptors in pediatrics: all hands on deck!

Endocrine disruptors (ED) are ubiquitous pollutants, possibly implicated in chronic disease. Exposure of vulnerable populations; including neonates, infants and children; must therefore be limited. Informing parents is now a public health challenge. We conducted a quantitative cross-sectional study at the Lyon Mother and child Hospital. We used questionnaires to assess the beliefs and knowledge about ED of parents and pediatric healthcare professionals in the pediatric ward in Lyon, France. A total of 746 questionnaires were completed: 444 for professionals and 302 for parents. The majority of both populations had already heard of ED but only 10% of parents and 5% of professionals felt sufficiently informed. Professionals answered better than parents (73% vs. 60%). The main source of information was similar: media. Only 20% of professionals had read a scientific article about ED and 4% have followed a training. Environmental exposure and EDs is an increasing concern for parents but specific knowledge remains scare for parents and professionals. Specific training is needed.

Farmers’ perceptions of integrated desert locust management: a case study in Isiolo and Meru Counties of Kenya

Abstract The destructive nature of desert locust invasions in terms of reduced food security and loss of agricultural income necessitates effective control strategies. While chemical spraying is effective, it is harmful to the environment, human, and animal health. Therefore, an alternative is the implementation of an integrated desert locust management (IDLM) approach that entails surveillance and early warning systems, rational combination of chemicals, biological measures, and indigenous control methods. Adopting IDLM depends on an understanding of human behavior and perceptions as an avenue for disseminating information for effective control. However, there is limited knowledge of the drivers of farmers’ perceptions of IDLM. This study sought to fill the above knowledge gap by applying the principal component analysis method to develop a composite index that was subsequently used in a regression analysis of data collected from a sample of 391 farmers in Isiolo and Meru counties in Kenya. Descriptive results showed that informal sources and channels were the main sources of desert locust information, and most farmers held positive or neutral perceptions. The regression analysis results highlighted the role of formal and informal sources of information, private land ownership, and previous shocks in influencing farmers’ perceptions of integrated desert locust management. The study recommends targeted messaging of desert locust management approaches through coordinated surveillance and timely response by national and international agencies, empowering community leaders as the key entry point, and building local capacity for accurate observation and timely reporting of invasions as measures towards sustainable desert locust control efforts.

Implementation of Principles of a Healthy Lifestyle by Contemporary Russians from Different Socio-Demographic Groups

Introduction: Despite all significant efforts taken by the government, the issue of a healthy lifestyle remains highly relevant for the Russian population. Objective: To assess changes in behavioral practices of Russian people from various socio-demographic groups in terms of commitment to a healthy lifestyle. Methods: The main source of empirical information was the Russian sociological survey conducted on April 17–26, 2023 in 29 regions of the Russian Federation. The sample consisted of 1,516 people aged 18 years and older who were interviewed at their place of residence. The results were compared with the findings of previous surveys of the same design. Result: The study has demonstrated a decrease in the proportion of Russians who believe that they lead a healthy lifestyle (from 63.7 % in 2021 to 56.2 % in 2023). At the same time, only 13 % of the respondents were found to adhere to basic principles of a healthy lifestyle. Male sex, having no higher education, and low income were associated with a poor commitment to the latter. We have noted a rising trend in the prevalence of smoking among young people. In the group of 18–24-year-olds, we observed a 1.5-fold increase in the proportion of smokers over the previous year related to the growing popularity of vaping. We have also established an increase in consumption of energy drinks (from 16.6 % in 2013 to 22.8 % in 2023), especially among young people aged 18–24 (53.2 %). Only 27.2 % of the respondents under 40 having children reported regular physical activity and/or sports compared to a similar group of citizens without children (40.2 %). Conclusion: Recommendations given based on the survey results are related to the importance of improving directions in social policy that promote commitment to a healthy lifestyle taking into account the needs of representatives of different socio-demographic groups.

Parental concerns and vaccine hesitancy against COVID-19 vaccination for children in Greece: A cross-sectional survey

IntroductionParental hesitancy against children’s COVID-19 vaccination remains a challenge globally. Although many studies have explored parental hesitancy, less is known about parental intentions towards COVID-19 vaccination of 6-month to 4-year-old children who were the last age group that became eligible for vaccination and for older children throughout the Omicron predominance period. MethodsWe conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey from November to December 2022 in Greece. We aimed to explore parental COVID-19 vaccination intentions for their children, reasons against vaccination, and to estimate the association between parents’ intentions and child and parental characteristics and parental attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination. ResultsOf 431 parents, 243 (56.4 %) had not or did not intend to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. Most parents were vaccinated against COVID-19 (64.7 % no booster; 14.2 % at least one booster). Among parents with children under the age of 5, 13.0 % intended to vaccinate their children against COVID-19, while 47.3 % of parents with children 5 years of age or older reported intention or had already completed vaccination. The most common reasons against COVID-19 vaccination were fear of side effects (32.9 %), perceived short length of clinical trials (29.2 %), and the child having previously contracted COVID-19 (12.0 %). The strongest factors associated with intention or already completed vaccination were parental own vaccination against COVID-19, using a pediatrician or a healthcare professional as the main source of vaccine-related information for their children, agreeing with their pediatrician regarding COVID-19 vaccination, and trusting official healthcare guidelines. Stratified analyses by the two children’s age groups (<5 and 5 to 17) yielded similar estimates. Among parents who had not or did not intend to vaccinate their children, 11.9 % would do so if recommended by a pediatrician. ConclusionsOur findings highlight the need to incentivize healthcare professionals and pediatricians to inform parents about vaccines, clarify misconceptions and address concerns.

Exploring how health-related advertising interference contributes to the development of cyberchondria: A stressor-strain-outcome approach.

Cyberchondria is increasingly recognized as the dark side of digital health, given the pervasive use of the internet as a main source of health information in people's daily lives. While previous studies have identified many factors contributing to cyberchondria, there is a dearth of research on the impact of health-related advertisements. Therefore, this study adopts the stressor-strain-outcome (SSO) model to investigate how health-related advertising interference is directly and indirectly related to cyberchondria. To empirically validate the proposed research model, we conducted an online survey with 437 internet users with medical information seeking experience in China. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the survey data. Our findings revealed a positive, direct association between health-related advertising interference and cyberchondria. Meanwhile, advertising interference was positively related to both information overload and information irrelevance, with the former further predicting cyberchondria. Moreover, doctor-patient communication weakened the positive effect of information overload on cyberchondria. The study not only theoretically contributes to the literature by theorizing the relationship between health-related advertising interference and cyberchondria but also practically underlines the pivotal role of effective doctor-patient communication in reducing the development of cyberchondria.

Інформаційні джерела та етапи стратегічного аналізу

To effectively carry out its economic activity, the enterprise needs to quickly respond to internal and external environmental changes, carrying out a strategic analysis. The effectiveness of such an analysis largely depends on the accountant's qualifications as the subject of its implementation. The article's purpose is to critically evaluate information sources, stages, and methods of strategic analysis, strengthening its theoretical and methodical support with the growing functional capabilities of the accountant. It was determined that the object of strategic analysis of the management process is the enterprise as an open management system and the forms and types of its activities. Strategic analysis helps create a system of main indicators of the enterprise's long-term development. The main tasks, information sources and strategic analysis stages were revealed. The strategic analysis methods, which are within the competence of a professional accountant, were critically evaluated. The article discusses the relationship between the functions of accounting and strategic analysis, given that both processes are performed by an accountant using many methods and professional judgment. It was established that qualitative strategic analysis is the key to effective enterprise strategic management. It is confirmed by the fact that the management strategy needs information about the strategic position of the enterprise, which is provided by accounting. An organizational and methodical mechanism for conducting strategic analysis by accountants of enterprises with an optimal set of methods and information sources was proposed. Combining accounting tools with traditional methods of strategic analysis (SWOT and GAP analysis) ensures obtaining conclusions for forming/adjusting the enterprise's development strategy in conditions of dynamic changes in the external and internal environment.

What are the needs in oral antitumor therapy? An analysis of patients' and practitioners' preferences.

Since the European approval of CDK4/6 inhibitors in 2016, the treatment of patients with hormone-receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer has changed significantly. Compared with chemotherapy, endocrine-based therapy has different treatment regimens and is associated with new side effects. Oral therapy aims for optimal drug efficacy and long treatment times while maintaining maximum independence and quality of life resulting in the conservation of medical staff resources. A monocentric analysis of therapy preferences of practitioners (25 nurses and physicians) and patients (11 on endocrine monotherapy, 17 on endocrine-based therapy, and 14 on intravenous chemotherapy) was performed using specific questionnaires. Preferences were assessed using a four-point Likert scale or bidirectional response options. All patients were highly supportive of oral therapy (mean agreement score on the Likert scale 1.3, p < 0.001 vs. all other options) and a consultation interval of 4 weeks (2.0, p = 0.015 vs. 3 weeks). Practitioners also preferred oral therapy (1.4) and visits every 4 weeks (1.6). In general, patients on oral therapies reported higher compatibility of their therapy with daily life than patients on chemotherapy (1.6 and 1.7 vs. 2.6, p = 0.006). Outpatient oncology is the main source of information for all patients, mainly in case of side effects (2.0) and open questions (1.8). Regarding oral antitumor therapy regimens, patients do not show a significant preference for a specific regimen, while practitioners prefer a continuous regimen (1.6) over a 21/7 regimen (21 days on and 7 days off therapy, 2.5). Patients are likely to accept mild side effects (e.g., neutropenia, diarrhea, polyneuropathy, fatigue) and would still adhere to their initial choice of regimen (continuous or 21/7). Only when side effects occur with a severity of CTCAE grade 3 do patients prefer the regimen in which the side effects occur for a shorter period of time. Patients and practitioners prefer oral antitumor therapy-both continuous and 21/7 regimens-over other application forms. Patient education and proper therapy management, supported by additional tools, contribute to the specific management of side effects and high adherence. This allows quality of life to be maintained during long-term therapy with CDK4/6 inhibitors in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

The Era of Hellenism in Russian school textbooks on the history of the Ancient World

The subject of the study is the reflection of the history of the Hellenistic era in current school textbooks on the history of the ancient world (5th grade). The history of Hellenism is one of the most interesting and complex periods in the history of not only Ancient Greece, but also Eastern civilizations, as well as the entire ancient world as a whole. This is the time of the appearance of new states on the political map and the formation of a complex system of relations between the peoples who inhabited them. It is natural to believe that such an important period should have been appropriately reflected in the school course of the history of the ancient world and textbooks: familiarity with the history of Hellenism helps not only to better understand historical processes, but also to study more deeply the history of culture and science that flourished in this era. The analysis of the textbooks, which remain the main source of information for schoolchildren, gives, however, a very ambiguous picture. Analysis of the material of current school textbooks allows us to form an idea of the general trends in the display of the history of Hellenism in the framework of school education. As a result of the consideration of the relevant topics of textbooks, a general trend in the coverage of the history of the Hellenistic era in school textbooks was revealed. The authors of the manuals, as a rule, turn to the vivid example of Alexandria of Egypt, focusing on this city to a much greater extent than on the very fact of the synthesis of Greek and Oriental cultures. The names of the rulers, both the founders of Hellenistic dynasties and their descendants, are mentioned infrequently, much more attention is paid to the development of science and art. Textbooks are limited in the selection and presentation of material both by the cognitive abilities of fifth grade students, who are important not to overload with information, and by a large volume of historical events that need to be packed into a small volume. In light of this, the authors' decision to focus more on culture and art looks quite logical, but the choice of a specific material does not always seem fully justified.

ФІНАНСОВИЙ ТА СТАТИСТИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ В УПРАВЛІННІ РИЗИКАМИ НА ФІНАНСОВОМУ РИНКУ У КОНТЕКСТІ ФОРМУВАННЯ «INDUSTRY 5.0»

One of the basic principles of the financial market is transparency, which is directly related to the reliability and accessibility of information held by financial market participants. Accordingly, in the context of ensuring the implementation of the "Industry 5.0" concept, the article considers the problems of information support for market participants and analytical procedures in the risk management system. It is noted that the functioning of the financial market of Ukraine today is taking place in conditions of uncertainty and high risks, and digitalization has a significant impact on the functioning of the financial market. The article aims to study the current features and functional load of financial and statistical analysis in financial market risk management and identify the problematic issues and prospects for overcoming them in the context of the formation of Industry 5.0. The article emphasizes the need to increase the level of financial and digital literacy of the population as a prerequisite for developing the financial market. It is established that applying an exclusively retrospective approach in the context of forming information support for managerial decision-making in the financial market is inappropriate. It is also noted that when making decisions by financial market participants, in addition to traditional financial analysis, it is necessary to analyze environmental and social information. This makes it expedient to disseminate ESG principles and standards in Ukraine. The leading place in the financial services market of Ukraine is occupied by banks. Over the past ten years, the number of commercial banks in Ukraine has decreased from 180 to 63, which in the context of the formation of Industry 5.0 can be seen as a consequence of optimizing the structure of the banking segment of the financial market. Financial analysis plays a significant role in managing risks in the financial market, the main information source for which is accounting information, primarily financial statements. Market participants based on information signals, which are a unique information source, make management decisions regarding a particular action in the financial market. The article considers the feedback and influence of information on the status of financial market participants on prices in the financial market and the influence of prices in the financial market on decision-making by various market participants. Prices are the main source of information for making important decisions, forecasting, etc. Areas for further research include scientific substantiation and methodological support of consulting activities in the field of information support of financial market participants.

Behaviour of Community Pharmacy Service Provider towards Self Medication Services: Study in Two Cities in West Java

Self-medication behavior is currently increasing in Indonesia. Community pharmacy service provider have an important role as the main source of information and recommendations for the community in self-medication. To be able to provide good self-medication services, good knowledge, attitudes, and practices are needed from pharmacists. This study was aimed to measure the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pharmacists in providing self-medication services. The study was conducted with a cross-sectional design in pharmacies in Bandung City and Cianjur Regency in the period March-April 2021. A valid and reliable questionnaire was administered to 141 respondents who worked in pharmacies that were selected randomly, to measure the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to self-medication. The inclusion criteria were community pharmacy service provider who worked permanently and were willing to fill out questionnaires. Exclusion criteria were intern worker and incomplete questionnaires. Results showed that community pharmacy service provider in Bandung City and Cianjur Regency had an average knowledge of 65.04% (moderate), attitudes 78.40% (good), and practice 85.59% (very positive) towards self-medication services. In self-medication behavior, knowledge of community pharmacy service provider was influenced by type of position (p0.05), self-medication attitude was influenced by type of pharmacies (p0.05), and self-medication service practice was influenced by location (p0.05). This study concludes that community pharmacy service provider in Bandung City and Cianjur Regency have a moderate knowledge, and good attitudes and very positive practices in self-medication services.