Main Segments Research Articles

CURRENT STATE AND PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING INDUSTRY

The article analyzes the state and development of enterprises for the production of electrical distribution and control equipment, the development ofwhich greatly affects the modernization of enterprises and ensuring their effective and competitive functioning in all sectors of the economy. Theimportance of the study of individual sub-sectors of the electrical industry is due to the need to identify promising areas of activity and further activedevelopment of these sectors of the production of electrical products. The successful operation of enterprises for the production of electrical distributionand control equipment is directly related to the dynamic development of the industry, which led to an analysis of the dynamics of changes in theproduction indices of mechanical engineering and the electrical industry. The research identifies and considers the main problems and developmenttrends of enterprises who deal with the production of electrical distribution and control equipment. It should be noted that the problem of low qualityinvestment demand, which is caused by the state of demand for domestic electrical products in the domestic market, is of particular importance for thedevelopment of enterprises. In this research a study was conducted of the competitive state of enterprises in the market segment "Power distributionand control equipment", identified the main strategies of enterprises involved, the main consumer segments, described the main groups of manufacturingenterprises by the characteristics of production activities. Also, the development trends were identified in this research: the volume of production (incomparison with the volumes of export and import) of the products of the electrotechnical sector, in general, and, in particular, the products of thecommodity group "Power distribution and control equipment" during 2014 - 2018. The volume and dynamics of development of the domestic marketof electrotechnical products with the allocation of the share of domestic consumption of electrotechnical products in the total consumption of productsof the electrotechnical industry during the study period are determined. Based on the results of the study, a number of measures have been proposed toincrease the competitiveness of the enterprises producing “Power distribution and control equipment” and, in general, manufacturers of the electricalindustry.

Functional compartmentalization of photoreceptor neurons.

Retinal photoreceptors are neurons that convert dynamically changing patterns of light into electrical signals that are processed by retinal interneurons and ultimately transmitted to vision centers in the brain. They represent the essential first step in seeing without which the remainder of the visual system is rendered moot. To support this role, the major functions of photoreceptors are segregated into three main specialized compartments-the outer segment, the inner segment, and the pre-synaptic terminal. This compartmentalization is crucial for photoreceptor function-disruption leads to devastating blinding diseases for which therapies remain elusive. In this review, we examine the current understanding of the molecular and physical mechanisms underlying photoreceptor functional compartmentalization and highlight areas where significant knowledge gaps remain.

Study on branching pattern of segmental branches of splenic artery in human cadaveric spleens by dissection method

Spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. It is supplied by splenic artery the largest branch of coeliac trunk. It traverses through the lienorenal ligament to reach near the hilum of the spleen, where it divides into two or three primary branches, each of which is subdivided mostly into two or four secondary branches. Moreover, a superior polar arteries and inferior polar arteries are given from splenic trunk or from one of its primary branches, which goes to the poles of the spleen, without entering the hilum. It can be named as superior and inferior polar artery. The human spleen is divided accordingly into two or three main segments. The segments of spleen are separated by a definite avascular plane. Hence the partial removal of the spleen is possible, as the spleen is divided into segments, separated by fibrous septa and each segment is supplied by its own main artery. The present study was undertaken to study in detail the segmental branches of splenic artery which divide the spleen into various segments, its pattern of distribution and also to find out any inter-segmental arterial anastomosis by dissection method.1.To study segmental branches of splenic artery. 2. To study the anastomosis between the segmental branches. 3. To study the branching pattern of terminal division of splenic artery.The present study was conducted on 79 adult human cadaver spleens by dissection method, irrespective of their age and sex, fixed in 10% formalin solution, collected from the Department of Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore. 1. Two primary segmental branches were seen in 56 (70.9%) specimens, three primary segmental branches were seen in 19 (24.1%) specimens and four primary segmental branches were seen in 4 (5.1%) specimens. 2. Superior polar artery was present in 18 (22.8%) specimens and inferior polar artery was present in 32 (40.5%) and both superior and inferior polar artery was seen in 5 (6.3%) specimens. 3. Anastomosis between the primary segmental branches were seen in 11(13.9%) specimens. 4. The distributive type of branching pattern of terminal division of splenic artery was present in 50 (63.3%) specimens, and the marginal type of branching pattern was present in 29 (36.7%) specimens.The present study adds up to the existing knowledge regarding the segmental branches of splenic artery, the better anatomical knowledge about segmental distribution of splenic artery and its variations are important for the partial removal of the spleen.

Состояние животноводческой отрасли России

The article presents an analysis of the dynamics of the livestock industry of the Russian economy. The directions of development of the main segments of the industry are studied. Data on the leading regions of the country are presented. The main livestock of birds is in agricultural organizations. In 2020, their share in the total volume is 83%. The decline in the poultry industry is due to the oversaturation of the domestic market and the need for export sales. In pig and poultry farming, the largest number is in agricultural organizations — 45% of the total volume at the end of 2020. In cattle breeding in the country, the Republic of Tatarstan is the leader — 5.4% of the total volume, Dagestan — 5.3% and Bashkortostan — 5.1%.

Состояние аграрного сектора сельского хозяйства России

The article presents an analysis of the dynamics of the agricultural sector of the Russian economy. The priority directions of development of the main segments of the agricultural economy are studied. Data on the import and export of grain crops are presented. The leading regions in the gross harvest of grain and leguminous crops in 2020 are the Rostov Region and the Krasnodar Territory. The basis of cereal exports is wheat, its share in the total volume in 2020 amounted to 79.1%. The largest buyer of Russian barley (46.7%) is Saudi Arabia, corn is Turkey and Vietnam.

Analysis of the concept of the construction market and its segments in Russia

The epidemic of the coronavirus COVID-19 and the introduction of restrictive measures in many industries have given a negative path for the construction industry. The State Duma of the Russian Federation has not yet approved the draft strategy for the innovative development of the construction industry in the Russian Federation. The construction industry is experiencing another stage of the crisis. This determines the importance of monitoring and analyzing the concepts of the construction market and its main segments, because they largely determine the development policy of the Russian construction industry.

Oral absorption mechanism of the polysaccharides from Gastrodia elata Blume base on fluorescence labeling

The mechanisms of action of polysaccharides in vivo have been widely elucidated. However, the systematic research of its absorption and transport mechanisms remains unclear. Herein, we extracted a polysaccharide fraction (GEP) from Gastrodia elata by water extraction and alcohol precipitation and aimed to reveal its oral absorption processes through animal models and Caco-2 cells monolayer models. Our research data showed that GEP-Cy5.5 could be absorbed through the small intestine and the main absorption intestinal segment was the ileum (the absorption rate constant [Ka]: (3.64 ± 0.70) × 10−4 cm/s; the effective apparent permeability [Papp value]: (4.88 ± 1.02) × 10−5 cm/s). The ligated intestinal loops also revealed that GEP-Cy5.5 could pass through the villi of the small intestine and the mucosal barrier into the submucosa. Furthermore, GEP-Cy5.5 was readily absorbed into the blood through the gastrointestinal tract, then distributed in the liver and the kidney. The Papp value of in vitro transport study was (1.29 ± 0.08) × 10−6 cm/s, which was a time-dependent process. Notably, GEP-Cy5.5 was transported through the endocytosis process mediated by clathrin and macropinocytosis. The underlying absorptive mechanisms of GEP in vivo and in vitro were clarified, which provided the guidance for clinical medicine administration and could deepen the biological understanding of oral polysaccharides.

Classification of abrupt changes along viewing profiles of scientific articles

With the expansion of electronic publishing, a new dynamics of scientific articles dissemination was initiated. Nowadays, many works are widely disseminated even before publication, in the form of preprints. Another important new element concerns the views of published articles. Thanks to the availability of respective data by some journals, such as PLoS ONE, it became possible to develop investigations on how scientific works are viewed along time, often before the first citations appear. This provides the main theme of the present work. More specifically, our research was motivated by preliminary observations that the view profiles along time tend to present a piecewise linear nature. A methodology was then delineated in order to identify the main segments in the view profiles, which allowed several related measurements to be derived. In particular, we focused on the inclination and length of each subsequent segment. Basic statistics indicated that the inclination can vary substantially along subsequent segments, while the segment lengths resulted more stable. Complementary joint statistics analysis, considering pairwise correlations, provided further information about the properties of the views. In order to better understand the view profiles, we performed respective multivariate statistical analysis, including principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering. The results suggest that a portion of the polygonal views are organized into clusters or groups. These groups were characterized in terms of prototypes indicating the relative increase or decrease along subsequent segments. Four respective distinct models were then developed for representing the observed segments. It was found that models incorporating joint dependencies between the properties of the segments provided the most accurate results among the considered alternatives.

ШЛЯХИ УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ОБЛІКУ І АУДИТУ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ ЛАКОФАРБОВОЇ ПРОМИСЛОВОСТІ УКРАЇНИ

Chemical industry is one of the main segments of world industry. It should be noted that this is a multi-element production system, which includes the synthesis of substances with certain properties based on mineral, organic and other raw materials by chemical processing. Producing intermediate goods (raw materials and semi-finished products) for all sectors of the economy. Modern chemical industry largely determines the level of their competitiveness, as well as the dynamics of development, nature and direction of innovation processes. On the other hand, a wide range of chemical products confirms its importance in the consumer market. The presence of debatable issues on the activities of chemical industry of Ukraine, as well as problems in the information support of management information on the state of the material and technical base, led to the choice of topic, goal, objectives, subject and structure of research. Priority directions of development of the paint and varnish industry as a whole and in the context of individual business entities should focus on solving problems that ACCOUNTING, ANALYSIS AND AUDIT Issue I (81), 2021 73 together will ensure the competitiveness of the industry and its progressive development in the complex conditions of modern transformation processes of Ukraine’s economy. One of the problems hindering the development of domestic enterprises of chemical industry is the inadequacy of accounting and analytical support systems for information support of management decisions on the formation and use of material and technical base of economic entities. Taking into account all the above mentioned, we consider it appropriate to introduce an internal audit mechanism in enterprises for the efficiency of the use of fixed assets in order to form an information base for management staff. The article examines the state and prospects of development of the paint and varnish industry of Ukraine in order to attract investment flows, as well as the need to implement an internal audit system in order to form an information base for management staff. During the study of current state of chemical industry of Ukraine, methods of observation and detailing were used; in the study of statistical material and information of the surveyed enterprises - methods of grouping and comparison, as well as methods of synthesis and analysis The introduction of internal audit of fixed assets in order to control the effectiveness of their use, as well as to make informed management decisions is based on the improvement of the accounting system. After all, it is the data of accounting and reporting allow us to assess the actual availability of fixed assets, the correctness of the service life, the correct choice of depreciation method, as well as the accuracy of its calculation, completeness of accounting, correct correspondence of accounts and generalization of information in financial statements. Therefore, it is necessary to study ways of improvement of the account and internal audit at the enterprises of the paint and varnish industry considering functions of management of development of material and technical base of the enterprise.

Therapeutic Value of 6-Gingerol (1-[4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-3-decanone): A Review

Utilization of crude extracts separated from herbal medicine is getting more worthy and ideal, conceivably because of the expense of production, accessibility and availability to bring down harmful effects as much as possible. Various researches have shown that the regular use of particular soil products like fruits and vegetables can minimize the risk of a number of infections. Ginger is among the most commonly and regularly devoured dietary sauces on the planet. One of the major impactful components of ginger, 6-gingerol is suggested for the avoidance of malignancy and different maladies. As a spice and home grown medicine, the rhizome of Zingiber officinale (ginger) is devoured worldwide and it contains sharp phenolic compounds known as gingerols aggregately. The main pharmacologically-dynamic segment of ginger is 6-Gingerol. It is recognized to show a variety of organic actions including anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. 6-Gingerol has been found to have anticancer effects by means of its impact on an assortment of natural pathways associated with apoptosis, control of cell cycle, cytotoxic action and restraint of angiogenesis. Consequently, because of its adequacy and control of different targets, just as its security for human use, 6-gingerol has gained impressive enthusiasm as an expected helpful operator for the anticipation and additionally treatment for different maladies. Taken together, this review sums up the different in vitro and in vivo pharmacological aspects of 6-gingerol and their underlying mechanisms.

Cooperative attacks detection based on artificial intelligence system for 5G networks

The Fifth Generation (5G) network is vulnerable to a couple of attacks targeting the main segments of 5G architecture, user equipment, radio communication, edge and core network. Therefore, a reliable and accurate security mechanism is mandatory to protect the end-to-end network against the internal and external attacks. In this research work, I propose a hierarchical detection scheme based on a reinforcement learning process to secure the main segments of end-to-end 5G network. Specifically, a distributed attacks detection systems collaborate with a goal to reinforce their learnings, update their optimal defense strategies, and determine the current and futures attacks ‘misbehaviors occurred at different segments. Experimental results demonstrate that, the proposed cyber defense scheme requires a low computation overhead to protect the network from internal and external attacks as compared to the current cyber detection schemes.

Questionnarie-based survey of experiences with the use of expanding PIN systems in mechanical joints

In this paper, experiences with the use of expanding pins in mechanical joints in different equipment are investigated through a questionnaire-based survey, where six different sections are highlighted; Size of company, Company profile, Experience with expanding pins, Market and equipment, Pin source and Effects and consequences of applying expanding pin solutions. The responses on the survey came from 10 different countries, with the main segments being Offshore oil & gas, Maritime/ships and Construction/earth moving. In total 256 potential responders received the questionnaire, divided into 140 Norwegian based companies and 116 non-Norwegian. Expanding pin systems are clearly seen as technically better pin solutions which protect better both people and equipment, and the non-Norwegian companies are reporting better experiences with expanding pins, in general, compared to the Norwegians, and recognize more the importance of the economic effects of applying expanding pins, compared to standard cylindrical pins.

Implementing Online Analytical Processing in Hotel Customer Relationship Management

Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) is increasingly being used by applying technology concepts that use a multidimensional view of grouping data to provide quick access to strategic information for analysis purposes. In the tourism industry, especially hospitality, this is very useful, especially in processing hotel operational data. Although OLAP technology has been widely applied in the hotel industry in reporting business sales, marketing, and reporting management analysis, there is still little research that discusses customer activity analysis. This study develops an OLAP-based analytical CRM system to analyze customer data and classify it into two main segments: geographically and demographically. Transactional data for hotels that have existed for the last three years are converted into a data warehouse, including the ETL process from the original database to a star schema database. It has a fact table and dimensions. Furthermore, OLAP cube operations are performed and generate customer reports. Testing in this study was carried out by calculating the total data’s access speed and accuracy from 100 to 5000 customers, and the estimated value was 45.50 to 80 milliseconds in 30 experiments. For further research, it can be developed by integrating data from the hotel transactional system so that the analytical process can run in real-time.

Active fault segments along the North Anatolian Fault system in the Sea of Marmara: implication for seismic hazard

A new analysis of high-resolution multibeam and seismic reflection data, collected during several oceanographic expeditions starting from 1999, allowed us to compile an updated morphotectonic map of the North Anatolian Fault below the Sea of Marmara. We reconstructed kinematics and geometries of individual fault segments, active at the time scale of 10 ka, an interval which includes several earthquake cycles, taking as stratigraphic marker the base of the latest marine transgression. Given the high deformation rates relative to sediment supply, most active tectonic structures have a morphological expression at the seafloor, even in presence of composite fault geometries and/or overprinting due to mass-wasting or turbidite deposits. In the frame of the right-lateral strike-slip domain characterizing the North Anatolian fault system, three types of deformation are observed: almost pure strike-slip faults, oriented mainly E–W; NE/SW-aligned axes of transpressive structures; NW/SE-oriented trans-tensional depressions. Fault segmentation occurs at different scales, but main segments develop along three major right-lateral oversteps, which delimit main fault branches, from east to west: (i) the transtensive Cinarcik segment; (ii) the Central (East and West) segments; and (iii) the westernmost Tekirdag segment. A quantitative morphometric analysis of the shallow deformation patterns observed by seafloor morphology maps and high-resolution seismic reflection profiles along the entire basin allowed to determine nature and cumulative lengths of individual fault segments. These data were used as inputs for empirical relationships, to estimate maximum expected Moment Magnitudes, obtaining values in the range of 6.8–7.4 for the Central, and 6.9–7.1 for the Cinarcik and Tekirdag segments, respectively. We discuss these findings considering analyses of historical catalogues and available paleoseismological studies for the Sea of Marmara region to formulate reliable seismic hazard scenarios.

ПРОЕКТ TANAP И ЕГО ГЕОСТРАТЕГИЧЕСКОЕ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ

The article examines the geopolitical and geoeconomic position of Azerbaijan in the South Caucasus region. Since the signing of the "Treaty of the Century" on September 20, 1994, the Azerbaijani state has once again proved that it is the most influential state in the region, both politically and economically, pursuing a consistent and balanced domestic and foreign policy. The Azerbaijani state has approved large projects in the South Caucasus region, while pursuing a policy of friendship and mutual cooperation with the countries of the region. One such megaproject discussed in the article is the Trans Anatolian Gas Pipeline (TANAP). TANAP, which was implemented in 2011-2020 and is the main segment of the 1,841-kilometer corridor of the South Caucasus gas pipeline, aims to transport Azerbaijani natural gas from the giant Shah Deniz-2 field to European markets through Georgia and Turkey. This project has already been launched and the article discusses its geopolitical implications for our country.

EVALUATION OF THE MARKET ENVIRONMENT AND TENDENCIES OF DEVELOPMENT OFENTERPRISES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC DISTRIBUTION AND CONTROL EQUIPMENT

The article analyzes the state and development of enterprises for the production of electrical distribution and control equipment, the development ofwhich greatly affects the modernization of enterprises and ensuring their effective and competitive functioning in all sectors of the economy. Theimportance of the study of individual sub-sectors of the electrical industry is due to the need to identify promising areas of activity and further activedevelopment of these sectors of the production of electrical products. The successful operation of enterprises for the production of electrical distributionand control equipment is directly related to the dynamic development of the industry, which led to an analysis of the dynamics of changes in theproduction indices of mechanical engineering and the electrical industry. The research identifies and considers the main problems and developmenttrends of enterprises who deal with the production of electrical distribution and control equipment. It should be noted that the problem of low qualityinvestment demand, which is caused by the state of demand for domestic electrical products in the domestic market, is of particular importance for thedevelopment of enterprises. In this research a study was conducted of the competitive state of enterprises in the market segment "Power distributionand control equipment", identified the main strategies of enterprises involved, the main consumer segments, described the main groups of manufacturingenterprises by the characteristics of production activities. Also, the development trends were identified in this research: the volume of production (incomparison with the volumes of export and import) of the products of the electrotechnical sector, in general, and, in particular, the products of thecommodity group "Power distribution and control equipment" during 2014 - 2018. The volume and dynamics of development of the domestic marketof electrotechnical products with the allocation of the share of domestic consumption of electrotechnical products in the total consumption of productsof the electrotechnical industry during the study period are determined. Based on the results of the study, a number of measures have been proposed toincrease the competitiveness of the enterprises producing “Power distribution and control equipment” and, in general, manufacturers of the electricalindustry.

From rifting to hyperextension: Upper Jurassic–Lower Cretaceous tectono‐stratigraphy of the Porcupine Basin, Irish Atlantic Margin

AbstractHyperextended basins are increasingly recognized along the outboard parts of continental margins as aborted basins created during continental break‐up. Many of the concepts for understanding and modelling basin evolution and fill were developed for regions that have undergone modest crustal stretching (β < 2) and may not be valid in basins where the crust and upper mantle are heavily modified by extreme stretching. The present study uses extensive 2D and 3D seismic and well data to analyse the Late Jurassic–Cretaceous tectono‐stratigraphic evolution of the Porcupine Basin, bracketing the timing of hyperextension. It is an instructive basin, offshore west of Ireland, preserving low‐magnitude strain in the north, with increasing degrees of hyperextension in the south. Detailed mapping of strain domains (proximal, necking and hyperextended) across the Porcupine Basin reveals five main rift segments, each with a distinctive geometry and strain history. During early low‐strain rifting, inherited crustal structures strongly influenced the rift architecture by controlling the location and geometry of fault‐controlled marine depocentres. The transition from hyperextension to post‐rift subsidence was marked by locally developed, unconformity‐bounded, marine sequences that draped the underlying rift topography. Whilst these ‘transition sequences’ are dated as Tithonian above the necking domain, similar but younger Early Cretaceous transition packages developed in the hyperextended domain, suggesting extension migrated towards the rift axis during hyperextension. Early post‐rift sequences were broadly distributed across the rift centre and basin flanks before strong, thermally‐controlled subsidence of the hyperextended crust, along with hinging of the necking domain, locally to the point of slope failure, gave rise to axially‐focused marine deposition. Hyperextension may have left the basin susceptible to intra‐plate stress changes accounting for several unconformities within the post‐rift fill. This study provides an improved basin‐wide understanding of the tectono‐stratigraphic evolution of hyperextended basins.

A mobile based communication solution for monitoring remote agricultural locations

In this paper a method for the effective transmission of data, from a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in a remote agricultural location with limited connectivity, is proposed; along with a meaningful visualisation of the data at the user end to help in decision making and control of the irrigation system. The paper encompasses three main segments which are data compression, checking for network availability, and user interface. First data compression is implemented to reduce the amount of transmitted data, due to limited connectivity in the area, which is translated in low data rate and high cost of sending the data. Four different techniques are compared: Huffman encoding, Lempel-Ziv-Welsh (LZW), differential encoding, and Run Length Encoding (RLE) to carry out data compression, where Huffman encoding showed the best results when combined with differential encoding. The second phase is the handling of poor network conditions in the agricultural plant by switching between two different communication modes: Mobile data and Short Message Service (SMS). Lastly, the user monitoring centre which is a mobile application that allows the user to monitor and control the agricultural plant remotely. It includes mapping and visualization of temperature and soil moisture data and a control system to control the irrigation system. The solution presents a low-cost alternative for start-up agricultural projects in third world countries, where network instability is an issue and off-the-shelf expensive solutions are not a viable option.

Fault reactivation and propagation during the 2017 Pohang earthquake sequence

A commission of the Korean government on the 2017 Mw 5.5 Pohang earthquake concluded that seismic activity was triggered by fluid injection from the nearby Pohang enhanced geothermal system. The temporal and spatial distribution of hypocenters (depth range of 3–6 km) was recorded by our local seismic array for 345 days. It included, in addition to the mainshock, 10 foreshocks and 3090 aftershocks, indicating a complex geometry of propagating rupture segments, including the main segment and four subsidiary segments (SS1 to SS4). The fault kinematics of the earthquake sequence were dominated by strike and reverse slips. The aftershock sequence showed a decrease in frequency during the first 83 days after the mainshock, in accordance with Omori’s law. This was followed by a sudden surge in aftershock frequency associated with the ML 4.6 event (11 February 2018), and another decay following Omori’s law. The aftershock surge of the ML 4.6 event corresponds to the development of SS4. A calculation of the Coulomb stress change caused by the mainshock shows that a significant increase in stress occurred around SS4, thus suggesting that rupture along this segment was triggered by the mainshock. With respect to the current stress field, all rupture planes apart from that of SS4 are optimally oriented for reactivation, highlighting the potential risk associated with fluid injection into this fault.

Three-dimensional geometry and growth of a basement-involved fault network developed during multiphase extension, Enderby Terrace, North West Shelf of Australia

Abstract Basement fault reactivation, and the growth, interaction, and linkage with new fault segments are fundamentally three-dimensional and critical for understanding the evolution of fault network development in sedimentary basins. This paper analyzes the evolution of a complex, basement-involved extensional fault network on the Enderby Terrace on the eastern margin of the Dampier sub-basin, North West Shelf of Australia. A high-resolution, depth-converted, 3-D seismic reflection data volume is used to show that multiphase, oblique extensional reactivation of basement-involved faults controlled the development of the fault network in the overlying strata. Reactivation of the pre-existing faults initially led to the formation of overlying, en échelon Late Triassic–Middle Jurassic fault segments that, as WNW-directed rifting progressed on the margin, linked by breaching of relay zones to form two intersecting fault systems (F1 and F2–F4). Further reactivation in the latest Jurassic–Early Cretaceous (NNW-SSE extension) produced an additional set of en échelon fault arrays in the cover strata. The final fault network consists of main or principal faults and subordinate or splay faults, together with branch lines that link the various components. Our study shows that breaching of relay ramps and/or vertical linkages produces vertical and horizontal branch lines giving complex final fault geometries. We find that repeated activity of the basement-involved faults tends to form continuous and planar fault architectures that favor displacement transfer between the main constituent segments along strike and with depth.