Main Segments Research Articles

The East Serbian Carpathians: Toward Its Definition, Delineation, and Relation to The South Carpathians

The East Serbian Carpathians (Karpati istočne Srbije) represents the southern segment of the South Carpathians. The South Carpathians are consisting of three main segments: the Banat Mts., the Transylvanian Alps and the East Serbian Carpathians. The East Serbian Carpathians defined by the Alpine kinematics. In the terms of East Serbian orography we can be described as in between the Danube on the north, Velika Morava River in the west, in the east it terminates till the Moesian Plain and the Stara Planina, while the fault line in the Timok and the Nišava rivers valley manifested as its south boundary. The East Serbian Carpathians represent the mountains system which encompasses the Homolje Mts. system, the Beljanica, the Kučaj Mts. system, the Rtanj group, the Ozren group and the Deli Jovan group. Its denomination has been changed to the East Serbian Carpathians of previous term Serbian Carpathians. It was useful because the Vršac Mts. which is in Serbia and belongs to the Banat Mts. are an integral part of the South Carpathians also. In purpose to have more accurate term we create a regional geographic term (East Serbian Carpathians) from the more-less political term (Serbian Carpathians) in case of its denomination.

Recursive bit assignment with neural reference adaptive step (RNA) MPPT algorithm for photovoltaic system

Recent research has focused on photovoltaic (PV) systems due to their important properties. The efficiency of the PV system can be enhanced by many Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms proposals. MPPT algorithms are used to achieve maximum PV output power by optimizing the duty cycle of the DC–DC buck/boost converter. This paper introduces an RNA algorithm as an efficient MPPT algorithm for the photovoltaic system. This proposed RNA algorithm consists of two main segments. The first segment is an artificial neural network for generating reference power. The second segment is a proposed Recursive Bit Assignment (RBA) network to allow variable step size of the boost converter duty cycle. The instant PV power adopts the RBA network to produce the variable duty cycle increment value. Additionally, the neural network is implemented in such a way to obtain the best performance. Many simulation results using MATLAB to test the system performance are presented. The performance characteristics of the photovoltaic system with variable irradiance and variable temperature are simulated. From results, the proposed RNA algorithm achieves fast tracking time, high energy efficiency, true maximum power point and acceptable ripple. Additionally, comparisons between the RNA algorithm and other related algorithms such as Perturb and Observe, the Neural Network and the Adaptive Neural Inference System Algorithms are executed. The proposed RNA algorithm achieves the best performance in all case studies such as; irradiance profile variation, severe temperature and irradiance diversions, and partial shading conditions. Besides, the experimental circuit of the PV system is also presented.

Investment strategies of sovereign wealth funds: the potential and challenges of empirical research

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore and evaluate the main segments of existing empirical literature related to Sovereign Wealth Funds (SWFs) and provide a thorough investigation of their research questions, theoretical frameworks, data selections and research methodologies.Design/methodology/approachThe literature on SWFs has been split into three main streams: qualitative studies with theoretical contributions aiming to conceptualize the phenomenon of SWFs; normative assessments of the optimal asset allocations of SWFs; and empirical works that aim to investigate different perspectives of SWFs. The paper attempts to review the state of existing literature relating to these areas by answering specific questions.FindingsDespite their significant size and potential impact, the literature on SWFs seems to be still in its infancy. The paper collects insights from previous literature, addresses its difficulties and challenges.Research limitations/implicationsThe characteristics of the previous empirical literature and the challenges facing this line of research offer an insightful thought for the future research works in this topic.Originality/valueThe paper offers a thorough assessment of the existing empirical research on SWFs and shade some light on the techniques and procedures used.

3D Evolution of Detachment Fault Systems in Necking Domains: Insights From the Klakk Fault Complex and the Frøya High, Mid‐Norwegian Rifted Margin

AbstractDetachment fault systems typically record displacements in the order of 10s of kilometers. The principles that control the growth of smaller magnitude normal faults are not fully applicable to the evolution of detachment fault systems. We use interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic reflection data from the mid‐Norwegian rifted margin to investigate how the structural evolution of a detachment fault interacted with the effects of isostatic footwall rollback to produce complex 3D geometries and control the configuration of associated supradetachment basins. We further investigate the effects of lateral interaction and linkage of extensional detachment faults on the necking domain configuration. In our study area, the domain‐bounding Klakk Fault Complex demonstrates how successive incision may induce a complex structural relief in response to faulting and fault plane folding. We interpret the previously proposed metamorphic core complex within its footwall as an extension‐parallel turtleback‐structure. The now eroded turtleback is flanked by a major supradetachment basin, connecting two main basin segments. We attribute footwall‐ and turtleback exhumation to Middle Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous rifting. The study area further demonstrates how detachment fault geometries can change during rifting and lead to the formation of younger, successively incising fault splays. Lateral linkage between the original detachment fault plane and these fault splays enables displacement along a detachment fault system consisting of fault segments generated at different stages in time. Implicitly, detachment faults are complex 3D systems that change configuration during their evolution, perpetually controlling associated basin formation, footwall configuration, subsidence and uplift patterns.

Seismotectonics of the Blanco Transform Fault System, Northeast Pacific: Evidence for an Immature Plate Boundary

AbstractAt the Blanco transform fault system (BTFS) off Oregon, 138 local earthquakes and 84 double‐couple focal mechanisms from ocean‐bottom‐seismometer recordings jointly discussed with bathymetric features reveal a highly segmented transform system without any prominent fracture zone traces longer than 100 km. In the west, seismicity is focused at deep troughs (i.e., the West and East Blanco, and Surveyor Depressions). In the east, the BTFS lacks a characteristic transform valley and instead developed the Blanco Ridge, which is the most seismically active feature, showing strike‐slip and dip‐slip faulting. Sandwiched between the two main segments of the BTFS is the Cascadia Depression, representing a short intra‐transform spreading segment. Seismic slip vectors reveal that stresses at the eastern BTFS are roughly in line with plate motion. In contrast, stresses to the west are clockwise skewed, indicating ongoing reorganization of the OTF system. As we observed no prominent fracture zones at the BTFS, plate tectonic reconstructions suggest that the BTFS developed from non‐transform offsets rather than pre‐existing transform faults during a series of ridge propagation events. Our observations suggest that the BTFS can be divided into two oceanic transform systems. The eastern BTFS is suggested to be a mature transform plate boundary since ∼0.6 Ma. In contrast, the western BTFS is an immature transform system, which is still evolving to accommodate far‐field stress change. The BTFS acts as a natural laboratory to yield processes governing the development of oceanic transform faults.

WHO ARE ONLINE GROCERY SHOPPERS?

The acceleration of the digitalisation of grocery shopping is an important trend that shows that this way of sourcing groceries is increasingly accepted by customers. Uncovering, understanding, and describing the differences between online grocery shoppers is interesting from a scientific point of view and a practical one. Correctly targeting a specific customer segment increases the very effectiveness of marketing communication by spending the cost of communicating with those correctly targeted customers that are valuable to the company. Therefore, this paper explores the behaviour of customers when shopping online and tries to find similarities in this behaviour. The aim of the paper is to generate customer segments of online grocery shoppers that provide a more comprehensive insight by reflecting on their shopping behaviour, personality traits and characteristics, loyalty, overall satisfaction with online grocery shopping in the current retailer, and frequency of social media usage. An online questionnaire survey was conducted with a panel of respondents from the IPSOS research agency to obtain primary data. Data were analysed using factor and cluster analysis. These analyses resulted in the creation of a segmentation that identified five main segments of online grocery shoppers. The constructed combined segmentation divides shoppers into five segments: quality-oriented shoppers (18.9%), influential utilitarians (21.7%), loyal traditionalists (16.4%), satisfied conditional loyalists (14.9%), and movable eco-sympathizers (28.1%). Then these category types are characterised in terms of their most salient characteristics. The results of this study show the variables that influence customers in their decision-making process. Outcomes increase knowledge about online grocery shopping behaviour, motives, and purchase requirements. These are also beneficial for grocery retailers for better targeting or fostering loyalty.

Preclinical research performed on reanimated/perfused swine kidneys: The Visible Kidney™ methodologies.

Preclinical research remains the essential platform in the development and optimization of medical therapies and advancements in translational medicines. However, specifically to animal research, federal laws, and institutional policies require investigators to apply the principles of the 3R's (replacement, reduction, and refinement). The concept of benchtop models utilizing isolated organs, in which multiple variables can be controlled to recreate human function, has been innovative advancements in preclinical research models that adhere to these principles. More specifically, isolated perfused kidney (IPK) models have been invaluable preclinical tools that have led to numerous advancements over the decades, including understanding renal physiology, pharmacologic therapies, and improvements in renal transplantation. However, pre-existing IPK models are not without their own limitations, leaving areas for improvement. An isolated perfused kidney apparatus was designed to best recreate human use conditions as a preclinical tool. Porcine renal blocks were chosen over the more commonly used rodent models, due to their greater similarities to human anatomies. Sixteen porcine kidney pairs obtained en bloc were extracted and placed onto an apparatus where aortic flows, pressures, and overall systemic temperatures were controlled. Organ viability was assessed in 10 renal blocks (n= 8 fresh and n= 2 previously frozen specimens) via both urinary flows and compositions at timepoints up to 180 min. Multimodality imaging, which included fluoroscopy, ultrasound, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and video scopes, was also employed to capture internal and external images to determine renal artery orientations and dimensions. Anatomical measurements and viability assessments of porcine renal blocks were successfully achieved in our perfusion model. Renal main artery diameters averaged smaller in our sample size than in human anatomy while also having more superior takeoff angles. Yet, the average lengths of each main segment were comparable to human anatomy: 32.09 ± 7.97 mm and 42.23 ± 7.33 mm in the left and right renal main artery, respectively. Urine production and urine composition of the fresh renal blocks, when compared to the frozen blocks and baseline perfusate, showed kidney viabilities of up to 3h via excretion and retention of various metabolites. In this paper, we described a protocol for an isolated perfused kidney apparatus using large mammalian renal blocks. We believe this protocol to be an improvement from similar pre-existing models in better representing human physiologic function while allowing for multimodal imaging. The resulting Visible Kidney™ preclinical model, which has shown viability after isolation and reperfusion, can be a fast and reliable tool for the development of medical devices while also reducing the unnecessary use of animals for research.

지역축제 사례분석을 통한 체험 마케팅 발전 방안 연구

This study analyses two festivals while focusing on Schmitt’s experiential marketing theory. “Tenth Dankook University Industry-University Cooperation (LINC 3.0) Pleasure (樂) Festival,” planned by the LINC 3.0 project group at Dankook University; and “Autumn Night’s Healing Music Festival,” hosted by the Gangbuk District Office. This study examines the importance of experiential booths installed at those festivals and the experiential marketing outcome. The Pleasure Festival was planned with the key theme of employment, start-ups, and industry-university cooperation. Local young adults (including university students in their 20s) were the main visitor segment. Hence, factors that could grab their attention, including food and beverage, giveaways, and tarot, combined with content that could provide practical support for employment and start-ups, such as employment and start-up mentoring, guidance to policies, and matching company managers. The Music Festival adequately utilized experiential marketing factors to meet its concept, the April 19 Revolution, so visitors could enjoy the festival while being reminded of the April 19 Revolution. In particular, it implemented full-scale sensory marketing to create the overall atmosphere and image and promoted actions through experiential booths. This study confirmed that festivals can be successfully held in addition to establishing a concept when experiential marketing factors correspond with the concept and when exciting content is provided to visitors. From a sensory, sensibility, perceptional, behavioral, and relational perspective, experience provides new values, creates synergistic effects, and assumes a role that enables visitors to become participants with active and sensible characteristics from a new perspective. Simultaneously, it is an “anti-manneristic” mechanism that helps festivals secure originality and differentiation from other festivals. This study is significant because it measured the five experiential marketing factors, identified the ongoing communication during this process, and highlighted the importance of experiential factors for successful festivals.

Analysis of the World Experience in the Use of Artificial Intelligence to Optimize Business Processes of Enterprises

The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the importance of artificial intelligence as a tool for optimizing business processes of enterprises. The purpose of the article is to analyze the level of research in the field of artificial intelligence in the world. Tasks: conducting a qualitative analysis of the state of the global artificial intelligence market, establishing market development trends and factors. Methods. System approach, logical analysis, synthesis. Results. The world leaders in the field of artificial intelligence research are the USA, China, Japan, India, as well as high-tech multinational corporations. The main segment for venture investments are healthcare companies. The volume of venture deals in the field of artificial intelligence in 2021 amounted to about $ 66.8 billion. China provides significant state financial assistance to its companies working in the field of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence technologies have every chance to become a priority target for investments of over 30% of companies in the world and the basis for the growth of the global gross domestic product. The Asian market is actively developing, but the United States remains the leader in the number and volume of investments in the field of artificial intelligence. Conclusions. There are positive factors contributing to the development of artificial intelligence technologies (the growth of company stock prices, the beginning of the virtualization of digital space), and negative ones (the emerging shortage of semiconductors and the “arms race” in the field of artificial intelligence), trends are outlined towards the creation of large models and data, ethical and sovereign artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence technologies are actively developing for military tasks.

Shear lag effect of composite girders in cable-stayed bridges under dead loads

The shear lag effect is a common phenomenon among civil infrastructures, which is also a critical issue for composite girders. For composite girders in large-span cable-stayed bridges, there is a large proportion of internal forces caused by dead loads, and the shear lag effect of the concrete slab under dead loads is significant. To investigate the normal stress distribution at the construction and service stages, systematic in-situ stress monitoring of composite girders was performed on a cable-stayed bridge under dead loads. Then, the finite element models were built for numerical modeling. The theoretical analysis model was proposed to evaluate the shear lag effect of composite cable-stayed bridges under dead load. Then the law of the stress ratio and the shear lag effect was analyzed by contrasting the test data and simulation results. Meanwhile, the calibrated FE models were used to do the full-scale parametric analysis of the factors including span length, slab width, and cable spacing. The results show that the main girder segment near the bridge tower and the mid-span are critical sections at the construction and service stages for analyzing the shear lag effect. The cable spacing and slab width are the main factors affecting the shear lag effect under dead loads. The effective width coefficients are positively correlated with the stress ratio.

Creating a global identity and collapsing local identities – example of Premiership

The subject of research and the purpose of this paper is to determine the effects of globalization on identity change within one of the most popular sports today, football. In order to avoid generalizations in the analysis, the English Premiership, one of the most famous football leagues, was chosen as a case study. The theoretical framework of the research is related to the identification of local changes under the influence of the global process, predominantly social and political. The time of the research covers the period from the creation of the Premiership, i.e. from 1992 until today. The research on selected globalization influences on the League’s development will try to clarify social changes resulting from the interaction of two main geographical segments - space and people. With the help of selected economic and financial indicators, the change of the local identity of the League, which was present in the past, into an increasingly pronounced global identity will be presented. In conclusion, it was found that the mentioned football league is an excellent example of the growing impact of the globalization process on sports, especially when it comes to world-famous football.

Effectiveness of Design and Implementation Alternatives for Stormwater Control Measures Modeled at the Watershed Scale.

To evaluate the effectiveness of dispersed stormwater control measures (SCMs), it is important to consider groundwater-surface water interactions and their consequences for stream hydrologic responses relevant to channel geomorphic stability and ecology. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different SCM design scenarios and implementation alternatives on exceedance levels and volumes of streamflow at the watershed scale. For this purpose, a process-based block-connector model of Sligo Creek, an urban watershed (29 km2) in the suburbs of Washington, DC, was used to study the effects of SCM system design on the stream hydrograph. The watershed has 34% impervious area (IA), which was discretized into 14 similar-sized subwatersheds, each consisting of pervious and impervious surface areas. Each subwatershed was compartmentalized with the representative overland flow, unsaturated flow, groundwater blocks, and links to main channel segments. The model was calibrated and validated to existing conditions using a 3-year time series of observed flow data. Afterward, a predevelopment simulation was configured. Three SCM unit designs and IA diversions through the SCM retrofit system were simulated. The three unit design scenarios represented a simple pond with surface storage and overflow or SCMs that infiltrate with an engineered soil layer and with or without an underdrain pipe. Differences among the model simulations were evaluated using flow exceedance probability curves. The area of the SCM system was modeled as 5% of the IA retrofit. Three implementation levels, including 10%, 50%, and 90% of the IA diverted through SCMs, were considered for each SCM unit design. The results showed that at least a 50% retrofit of runoff from IA watershedwide would be needed to achieve similar predevelopment base flows and peak flows. Intermediate flows could not be matched but were closest for the infiltration with the underdrain pipe design scenario. It was also found that concentrating the SCMs in the lower portion of the watershed resulted in more effectively achieving the predeveloped exceedance curves than uniform SCM implementation. The results are relevant to planning-level decisions that depend on effectiveness predictions of different SCM unit designs and implementation alternatives in developed watersheds.

Acoustic analysis of coupled loudspeakers for low frequency duct noise reflection

The passive control of low-frequency duct noise remains a technical challenge. Inspired by the research of Wang and Huang [Investigation of a broadband duct noise control system inspired by the middle ear mechanism, Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 31 (2012) 284-297.], an electro-mechanical coupling approach is introduced to solve this problem. The device consists of the main duct segment and multiple sets of connected loudspeakers, which functions as a side-by tube in traditional Herschel-Quincke (HQ) tube. The acoustic waves imposed on the upstream loudspeaker can be transmitted to the other loudspeaker via the connecting circuit immediately, which represents a fast track when compared with the wave transmission via the fluid medium in the main duct. A periodic silencer array is developed to broaden the bandwidth and increase the magnitude of noise attenuation. Transfer matrix method is adopted to investigate its acoustic performance. If proper parameters are selected, the proposed silencer can function effectively as wave reflector in low frequency range. The TL spectrum exhibits multiple peaks, which are mainly contributed by the HQ-tube-like resonance and mechanical resonance of the loudspeaker itself.

Low-frequency duct noise control using coupled loudspeakers.

A duct noise control device is introduced based on a Herschel-Quincke (HQ) tube and electro-mechanical coupling. The device consists of the main duct segment and one set of connected loudspeakers, which functions as a side-by tube in a traditional HQ tube. The acoustic waves imposed on the upstream loudspeaker can be transmitted to the other loudspeaker via the connecting circuit immediately, which represents a fast track when compared with the wave transmission via the fluid medium in the main duct. It is the core noise attenuation mechanism in this silencer. The transfer matrix method is used to investigate the silencer performance. A periodic silencer array is also developed to broaden the bandwidth and increase the magnitude of noise attenuation. The results predicted by the plane wave theory fit well with the simulation using a three-dimensional finite element method. A simplified experiment was conducted to verify the silencing effect of the silencer and the accuracy of theoretical prediction method. Contrasting with a traditional reactive silencer, low-frequency noise attenuation can be achieved in a more compact and flexible way, which can be seen as an improvement in low frequency noise control.

Economic Cooperation between Russia and China in the Investment Sphere

The cooperation between Russia and China has been developing successfully in recent years. Both countries have agreed on several strategically important investment projects. The realization of investment projects determines the future expectation for developing Russian and Chinese economies. The article aims to investigate the trends and perspectives of economic cooperation between China and Russia in the field of mutual investments. The research methodology includes structuring, comparison, generalization, induction, deduction, and synthesis. Based on the research, the author concludes that the main segments of Russian-Chinese economic cooperation between state-owned enterprises are the energy sector, nuclear power engineering, agriculture, science, technology, and infrastructure. Also, there are good prospects for the investment segment of economic cooperation between Russia and China in banking, payment systems, and electricity sectors.

SYSTEM ANALYSIS OF QUALITY ASSURANCE OF CUSTOMS AND LOGISTICS SERVICE OF GOODS OF DIFFERENT NOMENCLATURE DURING INTERNATIONAL TRANSPORTATION

Aim. The study intends to optimize customs clearance formalities for goods of various nomenclature in the territory of customs checkpoints of freight customs complexes. The proposed development will allow customs authorities to plan the staffing level of inspectors capable of ensuring the uninterrupted operation of the infrastructure facility, taking into account the utilized capacity and the cargo flow structure. Methods. The quality assessment of the customs and logistics service of goods of various nomenclature in the organization of international transportation is carried out on the basis of a simulation model developed in the GPSS software environment. Results. The practical experience of customs authorities shows that the customs regime in which the goods are moved and their nomenclature bring about changes in how long customs formalities take. Accordingly, the procedures related to customs clearance and customs control by the types of goods will differ in their complexity, and therefore will affect the customs inspector`s workload. In turn, customs authorities` working efficiency will shape the capacity of the freight customs complex and its structural subdivisions. The main segment of customs and logistics service customers chooses infrastructure facilities, where there are small waiting lines and minimal procedure time without the loss of service quality. Scientific novelty. The developed simulation model of customs inspectors` work in the territory of the freight customs complex makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the customs checkpoint as well as to determine the optimal staffing level to ensure the operation of the infrastructure facility. Practical implications. The practical implications of the work lie in the fact that the proposed model makes it possible to assess customs inspectors` workload taking into account the structure of the cargo flow, which may include goods of different nomenclature that are moved in different customs regimes by large-, medium-, small- and micro-sized enterprises. Based on the results of the simulation, the owner of a freight customs complex will have the opportunity to plan its material, technical and staffing support in order to provide high-quality customs and logistics services, and accordingly, the State Customs Service will organize the work of the customs checkpoint taking into account the demand of entities engaged in foreign economic activities for completing customs formalities.

Long-term health monitoring of concrete and steel bridges under large and missing data by unsupervised meta learning

Long-term monitoring brings an important benefit for health monitoring of civil structures due to covering all possible unpredictable variations in measured vibration data and providing relatively adequate training samples for unsupervised learning algorithms. Despite such merits, this process may encounter large data with missing values and also yield erroneous results caused by severe environmental changes, particularly those emerge as sharp increases in modal frequencies during freezing weather. To address these challenges, this article proposes a novel unsupervised meta-learning method that entails four steps of an initial data analysis, data segmentation, subspace searching by a novel approach called nearest cluster selection, and anomaly detection. The first step intends to initially analyze measured data/features for cleaning missing samples. Next, the second step exploits spectral clustering to divide clean data into some segments. In the third step, the proposed nearest cluster selection is utilized to measure dissimilarities between the segments by a distance metric and select a cluster with the minimum distance as the representative of the main segment. Finally, a locally robust Mahalanobis-squared distance is applied by merging the concepts of robust statistics and local metric learning for online anomaly detection. The key innovations of this research contain developing a new unsupervised learning strategy alongside a locally robust distance and proposing the idea of nearest cluster selection. Long-term modal frequencies of full-scale concrete and steel bridges are used to verify the proposed method. Results demonstrate that this method succeeds in mitigating severe environmental effects and accurately detecting damage.

The tourism attractiveness of the Russian city: case of Kazan

The COVID-19 pandemic and forthcoming geopolitical situation significantly affected the development of the Russian domestic tourism. Russian tourism destinations obtained a new stimulus for their development, however, attracting new tourists issues the challenge for the regions to strengthen their competitive position. Kazan is one of the traditional tourism destinations that targets increasing the tourism flows in the coming years. The study aims at identifying the target audience, its segmentation and determining of the destination attractiveness for each segment. To reach this goal the empirical research was carries out by questioning the target audience. The questionnaire included questions on the evaluation of the destination attractiveness attributes and on the social and demographic characteristics of the respondents. The factors and cluster analysis was carried out. The data was analyzed with the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). This allowed segmenting the target audience, outlining four main segments among the Kazan tourists (Comfort lovers, Communicators, Gourmets, and Active tourists) that prioritize different destination’s attributes. The obtained results can be useful for the regions’ tourism decision makers in marketing and communication strategies correction in accordance with the target audience needs.

ВПЛИВ ФАКТОРІВ ПОПИТУ НА ЗАДОВОЛЕНІСТЬ ТА ЛОЯЛЬНІСТЬ СПОЖИВАЧІВ ЕКОЛОГІЧНИХ ТОВАРІВ ТА ПОСЛУГ

The study proved that the development of economic and marketing theories made it possible to substantiate the significant impact on the level of demand of factors other than price factors, namely: the number of goods, the price level of similar goods, the price level of substitute goods, the price level of related goods, the level of income consumers, consumer preferences (taking into account advertising, fashion, traditions, tastes), level of consumption (with distribution into consumer groups), consumer expectations, etc. The experience of customer interaction with environmental goods and services can be evaluated using scoring models: Net Promoter Score (NPS), Customer Satisfaction Score (CSAT), Customer Effort Score (CES), Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and indicators of the dynamics of the loss of the customer base (Churn) and maintenance of the client base (Retention). In the context of the formation of a "green economy" and ensuring the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals, the environmental orientation of a product or service can be a key aspect of a consumer’s decision regarding a specific product or service. In addition to scoring models, it is possible to evaluate and manage the loyalty of consumers of environmental goods and services on the basis of Account Experience Models, Apostle Loyalty Model, Attitudinal Loyalty Model and Dynamic Model of Customer Loyalty). Customer satisfaction management based on the automation of customer account processing processes is a certain way to "monetize" long-term loyalty. Thanks to modern software solutions that specialized consulting firms offer businesses, opportunities are created to track the impact of loyalty indicators on income in real time. Modern studies of consumer behavior in the market of environmental goods and services provide for the selection of five main consumer segments (generation Z, millennials, baby boomers, generation X, the largest generation), which have significant differences in preferences, attitudes towards the process of purchasing goods and services, financial costs. According to the selected consumer segments, it is proposed to use artificial intelligence to model the customer’s value (Life Time Value, LTV) considering the environmental orientation of the product or service.

Industrial biotechnologies. Main market segments

Industrial biotechnologies. Main market segments