Main Sectors Research Articles

Policies and tools for climate change policy implementation: a panel data analysis at industrial and commercial level

Climate change is a very debated topic among academia, national and international institutions. Therefore, policies and tools for diminishing pollutant emissions are in place in a number of countries. Among them, taxation and renewable energy use seem to be among the most important. This paper aims at testing the impact of certain tools for climate change policy implementation, such as environmental taxes, renewable energy use, real productivity, employment rate taking into consideration the level of economic development and the GINI coefficient, on the greenhouse gas emissions in two important sectors of the economy: industry and commerce. Panel data analysis is used for a cluster of nine developing countries of the European Union that have the per capita GDP at purchasing power parity lower than 80% of the EU average, during 2008–2021. Similar to other studies, the results show a negative relationship between environmental taxation and greenhouse gas emissions in the industrial sector, and a positive one in the commercial sector. The latter is explained by the fact that transport, which is a main pollutant sector, is also one of the most difficult sectors to achieve green transition, given high associated costs. The analysis also shows that renewable energy use discourages the emissions of greenhouse gases, both in the industrial and commercial sectors, so that fostering investment in renewables is an important factor for addressing climate change and promoting a sustainable growth.

Sustainable Financing for Renewable Energy: Examining the Impact of Sectoral Economy on Renewable Energy Consumption

This study examines the effect of international financial flows, including investments and development assistance, on the expansion of renewable energy technologies. It also seeks to investigate the impact of the sectoral economy on the proportion of renewable energy consumption in Ethiopia. This study used an explanatory research design and a quantitative research approach. An autoregressive distributed lag model was applied to explore the long and short-term relationship among variables. A time series of data aggregated and disaggregated ranging from 2000 to 2022 was used. According to this study, sustainable finance programs are essential for advancing and aiding renewable energy projects in the long and short term. Ethiopia’s use of renewable energy will increase as sustainable finance rises. The main economic sectors determining Ethiopia’s consumption of renewable energy in the long and short term include the manufacturing, mining and service industries. This study’s findings imply that policies focusing on providing continuous financial support and fostering international cooperation to promote the development of the manufacturing sector are needed. This could include incentives for adopting renewable energy technologies and investing in renewable energy infrastructure. On the other hand, since the service and mining industries negatively impact renewable energy use, there is a need to diversify renewable energy sources beyond these sectors. This could involve promoting renewable energy projects in other sectors, such as manufacturing, agriculture, construction and trade. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that policymakers carefully consider the consequences within each economic sector when formulating decisions related to renewable energy. This study is novel in presenting empirical evidence linking renewable energy use to long- and short-term economic growth.

Barite-bearing “septarian concretions” (upper Cretaceous – Paleocene) from the Biban area (north Algeria)

The "septarian barite concretions" have garnered significant interest worldwide. This study presents the first detailed investigation of these sedimentary structures in Algeria, with a primary focus on elucidating their genesis through petrography, SEM-EDS, major and trace elements (including REEs), and sulfur isotope analysis. The sampled concretions occur in Upper Cretaceous-Paleocene marl layers from the Biban area, primarily in two main sectors (Koudiat Djebassa and Sidi Ziane), situated within the Southern Tellian Atlas in Northern Algeria (Maghrebides). While these barite concretions exhibit diverse morphologies, our analysis focuses specifically on oblate ellipsoidal concretions. The flattened shape of these concretions may stem from compressed echinoid tests or small, oblate septarian cracked concretions representing the flattened cores. Notably, these concretions feature an outer cortex of radial fibrous barite crystals, measuring centimeters in thickness. Petrographic examination coupled with SEM-EDS analysis suggests that concretion growth occurred from porewaters in unconsolidated, soft sediments at shallow burial depths beneath the sediment-water interface, manifesting in three growth episodes: (i) an initial stage characterized by primarily thin lamellar barite crystals intertwining to form rosette-like structures in concretion cores, (ii) a later stage marked by radial-fibrous barite crystal growth in concretion margins, and (iii) the filling of septarian cracks by barite. The presence of terrigenous sediment, particularly abundant in rosette-like barite crystals, indicates growth within highly porous sediment. Conversely, the radial fibrous outer cortex is related to an effective displacive growth mode. The δ34S values of the barite concretions (ranging from 16 ‰ to 24.4 ‰), consistent with seawater values, which document that seawater was the primary sulfur source. Furthermore, REE geochemistry further supports the seawater origin of diagenetic fluids rather than a hydrothermal one. Concretions are suggested to have formed in organic-rich, fine-grained sediments at shallow depth below the sea floor, in sedimentation halts, and as a result of microbial degradation of organic matter. Barium was supplied to porewaters within the methanogenic zone, precipitating as barite when, migrating upwards, reached the boundary with the overlying sulfidic zone.

Multiscale SUR Estimation of Systematic Risk

Abstract We propose a multiscale version of the seemingly unrelated regressions model, based on wavelet transform-based time series observations. Each regression equation refers to a different time scale, which enables the use of across-scale error covariances in the feasible GLS estimation procedure for efficiency gains. We demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method over OLS with two studies: an empirical study using stock market returns for the main US industrial sectors and a detailed Monte Carlo simulation study with alternative wavelet filters. We also provide explanations for the suitability of the proposed method for estimating long-term systematic risk.

Holocene relative sea-level variation and coastal changes in the Bay of Cádiz: New insights on the influence of local subsidence and glacial hydro-isostatic adjustments

The Bay of Cádiz is located in South-western Spain (Andalusia region) and constitutes an example of a typical estuarine salt marsh environment. In this study we reconstruct its Holocene morpho-evolution and relative sea-level change history by assembling a geodatabase of geological sea-level markers derived from boreholes and bibliographic data, standardized to the most recent international guidelines for RSL studies. The identified high-precision sea-level index points were compared to a number of new site-specific glacio-hydro-isostatic adjustment (GIA) models in order to disentangle potential components which influenced the sea-level evolution and finally obtain the vertical displacement (VD) trends that affect this coastal area by using a Bayesian statistical approach including Monte Carlo simulations. In general, the whole area was affected by overall subsidence related to the local sediment compaction, which had an impact on the morpho-evolution of the different zones with a variable entity and completely outclassed the GIA-driven component. Between 6.7 and 3.0 ka BP, the northern sector of the bay was characterized by subsidence rates of about - 0.65 mm/yr while, during the last 3.0 ka, the general trend appears to be homogeneous for both the main sectors of the bay with an average subsidence rate of - 1.6 mm/yr. The Holocene RSL curve from the Gulf of Cádiz aligns with past reconstructions, revealing subtle differential trends in subsidence rates in the northern and southern sectors of the Bay of Cádiz due to varying substratum.

Policy and Competitiveness of Integrated Agricultural-Based technology for Cocoa Production in Indonesia: Application of a Policy Analysis Matrix

Purpose: The research aimed to evaluate the competitiveness of smallholder cocoa plantations and the efficiency of input use in cocoa farming by strengthening farmer groups Indonesia. Theoretical framework: The research design includes the steps taken in conducting research, data sources, and how to obtain data and data analysis. The research clearly describes the variables, data collection, and data analysis methods to have a clear picture of the competitiveness of cocoa farming. Design/methodology/approach : Measuring the competitiveness of cocoa in Bali using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) method. PAM analysis is used to calculate private profit, which is a measure of farm competitiveness at the market price level or the actual price Findings: Competitiveness at the social price level is placed on the second row of the PAM table, Indonesia is an agricultural country and the development of the main agricultural sector, especially cocoa commodities which are managed through community plantations in rural areas, shows the ability to be comparatively competitive, even competitive, even though some components such as private farmer profits can be achieved at 69% compared to what cocoa farmers should receive. Farmers can receive social benefits of up to 40%. Even though cocoa production receives output subsidies, cocoa farmers are only able to obtain a price of 79%, or 21% lower than the world cocoa price, but it is still competitively profitable for farmers. The inputs needed by farmers in cocoa production can be managed by farmers so that the price of tradable inputs at the farmer level shows the same price at the economic level so that it is said to have comparative and competitive competitiveness. Research, Practical & Social implications: Competitive cocoa in Indonesia provides benefits to farmers at small-scale plantations of up to 69 %, and the profits received by farmers are 40% when measured comparatively. Originality/value: Originality/Value: This research is original. Implemented in smallholder cocoa plantations in Indonesia with integrated crop-livestock farming patterns to produce outputs that can compete at social prices and to motivate other cocoa farmers to develop farming system innovations that can increase cocoa production based on local resources.

Dynamics of development of industrial parks in Russia

The globalization of market conditions leads to the development of positions that influence the modification of the national economy. There is a change in business models, a rearrangement of the system of international division of labor. One of the modern business models is the investment and construction of industrial parks, industrial clusters that integrate on their territory the production and logistics capacities necessary for the optimal production and distribution of certain goods. The development of these models in the country, in addition to optimizing production and logistics processes, also makes it possible to influence the economy of the region in which the park is located, both from an economic and demographic point of view, providing jobs. The study describes the current state of development of industrial parks as one of the main sectors of industrial production.

Bayesian analysis of the growth of pears in the cultivate Shinseiki using non-linear models

The pear of the Pyrus genus is the third most consumed fruit in Brazil, however, internal production is low and most demand is obtained through imports. Brazil has favorable conditions for its cultivation and one of its main economic sectors is agriculture, being responsible for generating a large number of jobs and income for the country. In this sense, studies related to this fruit can provide information and encourage its production. Using non-linear models, it is possible to identify growth patterns such as fruit length and diameter, which can help determine the ideal harvest point. Therefore, the goal of this article was to compare the Logistic and Gompertz non-linear models in describing the growth curves in diameter and length of the Asian pear tree using the Bayesian approach. The results indicated the Logistic model as the best to describe these two variables and provided asymptotic averages of 70.0607 and 79.706 for length and diameter, respectively.

How does humble leadership stimulate employees’ service improvisation in hospitality? A social information processing perspective

PurposeDrawing on social information processing theory (SIP), this paper examines whether and how humble leadership affects employees' service improvisation (ESI) in the hospitality industry. Further, the study investigates the mediating role of psychological safety and the moderating role of creative self-efficacy (CSE).Design/methodology/approachTo test the proposed relationships, the study adopts a cross-sectional design, administering questionnaires to 456 frontline staff in Egypt’s hospitality industry across three main sectors: restaurants, hotels and travel agencies. SPSS 27 and AMOS 22 were used for statistical analysis.FindingsThe study reveals a positive relationship between humble leadership and ESI, partially mediated by psychological safety. Furthermore, CSE not only strengthens the relationship between psychological safety and ESI but also enhances the indirect effect of humble leadership on ESI via psychological safety.Practical implicationsThe study offers valuable insights for practitioners in the hospitality industry. To boost ESI, organizations can incorporate humble leadership attributes into their leadership development programs. Fostering a psychologically safe workplace would facilitate the positive impact of humble leadership on ESI. Recognizing CSE as a pivotal moderator underscores the importance of strategically selecting and developing employees with high CSE. These insights aim to cultivate a more service-oriented and effective workforce in the hospitality industry.Originality/valueThis study significantly contributes to leadership research in the hospitality industry by uncovering a previously unexplored link between humble leadership and ESI. Exploring psychological safety as a mediator and CSE as a moderator enhances our comprehension of how and when humble leadership influences ESI.

Extension Program on the Utilization of Cow Urine Waste into Biourine with the Addition of Pineapple Peel Bioactivator in Sumberpitu Village, Pasuruan Regency

Agriculture is one of the main business sectors used as the livelihood of the people of Sumberpitu village with dairy farming as an accompanying business unit. However, from the existing potential, there are several problems such as steps and expensive inorganic fertilizers. From the results of deepening the problem through interviews, it shows that farmers in Sumberpitu Village do not have any knowledge and skills to use cow urine as liquid organic fertilizer in their farming business. The purpose of this study is to conduct extension program on the use of cow urine waste as biourine with the addition of pineapple skin bioactivators and analyze behavior changes in aspects of knowledge, attitudes and skills of farmers in Sumberpitu village. The research method used in this study is the Level III action research method. The evaluation results show that extension services can increase farmers' knowledge from a percentage of pre-test scores of 50% to 82% in post-test scores, which can be categorized as very high. In the aspect of attitude, the percentage of pre-test scores of 48% increased to 76% in post-test scores and was included in the high category so as to show a positive attitude towards the extension program material delivered. While in the aspect of presentation skills, the post test score is 83%, which can be categorized as “very high”. These results show that the extension program provided has proven effective in changing farmer behavior in increasing knowledge and attitudes as well as developing farmers' skills in utilizing cow urine waste as biourine with the addition of pineapple peel as a bioactivator.

A SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM PLANNING MODEL: DOES IT MATTER?

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the condition of tourism in the future and make a sustainable ecotourism planning model. The sample is East Java of areas, namely The Tapal Kuda region. This is because the tourism sector is one of the main sectors to increase economic growth in East Java. This potential is not only to increase the local revenue, but also to excess business opportunities, create new jobs, reduce unemployment and economic recovery. But, COVID-19 pandemic has a negative impact on tourism because decrease in tourist visits, thus providing a domino effect on the other sectors. In addition, tourism has threats, such as disaster; inflation; and the economic condition. Based on literature studies, the threats have a negative impact on the demand for tourists to visit and threatens tourism sustainability. Methods: This research used quantitative descriptive analysis with three steps, input; matching stage; and decision stage. The data in this research is primary with used a survey method. Observation collection data techniques used interviews, questionnaires, documentation and secondary data from literature. The strategy formulation techniques of decision-making stage can be integrated in three from identifying, evaluating, and selecting strategies can be applied to all types and sizes of organizations. Results: Tourism villages are one of the potentials that can be developed in the Tapal Kuda area, East Java. Tapal Kuda area consists of Pasuruan, Probolinggo, Bondowoso, and Banyuwangi. Based on the identification results, such as tourist attractions, tourism facilities, accessibility, community and environmental aspects, market aspects, management and services, linkages of tourist attractions, as well as community participation in the form of decision making, participation in implementation, participation in benefit-making, and evaluation, the results of almost all indicators have been met. A Sustainable ecotourism planning must pay attentionto various aspects economic, social, and environmental. Ecotourism development planning strategies with increasing human capital through community participation; stakeholder collaboration; integraty destination tourism; and promotion be the main factor to sustainability of tourism. Conclusion: A Sustainable ecotourism planning model must pay attention to various aspects economic, social, and environmental. Human capital through community participation and involvement of stakeholders in this development strategy is important, not only to increase tourism visiting and economic growth, but also integraty destination tourism, preserving the environment and welfare in the society.

Caring burden and coping with haemodialysis: a qualitative study with family caregivers in Sri Lanka

ObjectiveThe number of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) requiring renal replacement therapy in Sri Lanka is significantly rising. Most of these patients depend on haemodialysis, carrying a significant burden...

Women’s Struggles for Empowerment in Bangladesh

Women have made substantial gains in health, education, and political representation in Bangladesh, which has been led by female prime ministers since 1991. Women play a key role in the garment industry, the country’s main export sector, and entrepreneurial ventures funded by microcredit loans have also boosted women’s empowerment. But entrenched patriarchal norms have pushed back against these changes, limiting women’s mobility, their presence in public spaces, their sexuality, and their reproductive choices.

Which ‘globalisations’ explain the overseas expansion of Chinese multinational enterprises through city-networks?

This paper analyses the overseas expansion of Chinese multinational enterprises using city-network analysis, with the focus on identifying the ‘globalisations’ that influence Chinese firm expansion. Applying a stepwise regression model to explain the world city networks of Chinese multinational enterprises (CMNEs), we find that variables linked to political, infrastructural, economic and cultural attributes explain the overall network. We then analyse in detail the connectivities produced by CMNEs in four main economic sectors: advanced producer services (APS), general services (GS), manufacturing (MF) and building, energy and mining industry (BEM), finding evidence of multiple, overlapping globalisations across sectors. This conforms to intensive globalisation in APS, extensive globalisation in GS and MF, and politically oriented globalisation in BEM, driven largely by Belt and Road, and related initiatives. The state presence in CMNEs’ overseas expansions suggests that globalisation by firms is tied to state-led globalisation objectives in some contexts, which complements the narratives that cast firm-led globalisation as market-oriented and stateless.

Організаційно-управлінські аспекти фінансово-економічної безпеки ведення бізнесу в секторально-просторовому контексті

The article studies organizational and managerial aspects of a business’s financial and economic security in the sectoral and spatial context. The goal is to study the organizational and managerial aspects of the financial and economic security of doing business in the sectoral and spatial context. The essence of managing the financial and economic security of business and the key factors affecting the financial stability of enterprises of the leading industries in the conditions of the modern economic environment are determined. An analysis of the performance indicators of enterprises by the main sectors of the economy of Ukraine was carried out, which allowed us to identify the main gaps. It was emphasized that in connection with the full-scale military invasion of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine, the impact of hostilities on the economy has significantly increased due to targeted attacks on the country’s critical infrastructure and depletion of financial reserves of the population and business and conducted research of enterprises by main types of activity. Particular attention is paid to the systematic financial and economic security management approach, including developing practical tools for countering risks and threats. The importance of regional features for ensuring business stability and financial and economic security in the post-war period is studied. The conceptual foundations of the financial and economic security of business determined during the conducted research prove the need to form an organizational and management system for its support, which will affect the effectiveness of business activities in the conditions of a changing external environment. Strengthening a business’s financial and economic security in the sectoral and spatial context requires applying a complex and systematic approach to the definition of organizational, institutional, economic, informational, and motivational measures to improve the basic principles of financial and economic security. It was determined that ensuring the financial and economic security of business should take place in all areas and spheres of activity, and one of the most effective tools, in this case, is an organizational and management mechanism, with the help of which it is possible to achieve a solution to problems without pecking business activity on the way to the post-war recovery of the economy of Ukraine. Keywords: management of financial and economic security, business, mechanism, management system, region.

Отраслевое развитие сельских территориальных систем России в условиях современной экономической неопределенности

Abstract. The purpose of the study is to examine the patterns of sectoral development of rural territorial systems in conditions of modern economic uncertainty using the example of a number of regions of the Russian Federation. The results of the work of modern authors in the field of rural economics and agricultural production are summarized and interpreted, which made it possible to calculate forecasts for the development of agricultural sectors in the Volga Federal District and the Perm Territory of the Russian Federation for the period until 2030. The scientific novelty lies in the assessment of the sectoral development of agro-industrial territorial systems, through the study of the dynamics of the main indicators of agricultural activity using trend analysis in a fairly short period of modern economic uncertainty, which is a significant step forward in this area of scientific research. To identify the dynamics and forecast the development of the main sectors of agricultural production, methods were used to graphically identify linear dependence and construct linear trends using homogeneous statistical indicators. The main results of the study are the developed measures for the stable sectoral development of rural areas of the Russian Federation in modern conditions and overcoming the existing regional differentiation. The implementation of measures involves the introduction of innovative solutions that provide an adaptive response to market trends and changes in the influence of external factors in the regional management of sectoral development of rural areas. Thus, the study provides a basis for understanding the components of sectoral development of rural areas and allows us to identify ways to constructively solve complex and multifaceted problems associated with the stabilization of agricultural production. The practical significance of the proposed solutions lies in their relevance in the activities of regional government authorities and relevant departments in the processes of improving the management of sectoral development of rural areas as part of the implementation of strategic documents for the spatial and sectoral development of the Russian Federation.

A quantile regression approach to assess the impact of water-related environmental innovations on water stress

This paper examines the further question of whether water-related environmental innovations affect water stress in three main sectors such as agriculture, industry and services. The sample consists of 30 OECD countries for the period 2000–2019. This paper employs the method of moments quantile regression (MMQR) with fixed effects to analyze the effects of water-related innovative activities across different quantiles of water stress for all three sectors separately. The empirical results indicate that water-related innovations positively affect water stress in the agricultural sector in the lower and middle quantiles, while it has a negative effect in the middle and higher quantiles for the services sector and the higher quantiles for the industrial sector. These findings reveal nuanced effects of water-related innovations on water stress across sectors. Furthermore, the study suggests that while innovations in the industrial and services sectors can mitigate water stress beyond a certain threshold level, the agricultural sector appears to benefit comparatively less from such innovations. These findings underscore the importance of complementing water-related innovations with appropriate regulatory measures, to address informal practices such as losses and leakages in agricultural irrigation. Ultimately, this study provides valuable insights for policy makers to formulate targeted environmental policies and strategies, especially in the context of climate change adaptation, thereby enabling a more effective allocation of resources to mitigate water stress within each sector.

Industrial fluoride emissions and their spatial characteristics in the Nansi Lake Basin, Eastern China.

Excessive fluoride emissions threaten ecological stability and human health. Previous studies have noted that industrial sources could be significant. However, quantifying industrial fluoride emissions has not been yet reported. In this study, both bottom-up and top-down approaches were used to estimate the fluoride emissions in the Nansi Lake Basin. Global and local spatial autocorrelation were adopted to reveal the spatial agglomeration effects. The fluoride emissions calculated by the bottom-up approach were larger than those calculated by the top-down method. The highest fluoride input mainly occurred in Zoucheng and Mudan. The highest fluoride emissions mainly occurred in Zoucheng and Rencheng using the bottom-up approach. The highest fluoride emissions mainly occurred in Zoucheng and Yanzhou using the top-down approach. Mining and washing of bituminous coal and anthracite (BAW) was the most significant source of fluoride input and emissions. A significant spatial agglomeration effect of fluoride emissions was found. These findings could provide a method for accurate industrial fluoride emission estimation, complement the critical data on the fluoride emissions of main industrial sectors, and provide a scientific basis for tracing fluoride sources.

A unified modelling framework for projecting sectoral greenhouse gas emissions

Effectively tackling climate change requires sound knowledge about greenhouse gas emissions and their sources. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive, sectorally disaggregated, yet comparable projections for greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we project sectoral emissions until 2050 under a business-as-usual scenario for a global sample of countries and five main sectors, using a unified framework and Bayesian methods. We show that, without concerted policy efforts, global emissions increase strongly, and highlight a number of important differences across countries and sectors. Increases in emerging economies are driven by strong output and population growth, with emissions related to the energy sector accounting for most of the projected change. Advanced economies are expected to reduce emissions over the coming decades, although transport emissions often still show upward trends. We compare our results to emission projections published by selected national authorities as well as results from Integrated Assessment Models and highlight some important discrepancies.

ANALYSIS OF THE COOPERATIVE LOTKA-VOLTERRA MODEL IN THE CASE OF TWO AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRIES IN INDONESIA

The automotive industry sector is one of the main sectors contributing to the national economy. Companies in the automotive industry work together to increase productivity and win the market competition. This research aims to construct the cooperative interaction between two companies into the cooperative Lotka-Volterra model. The cooperative Lotka-Volterra model was analyzed for stability at the equilibrium point and bifurcation analysis was performed. Sales data for the Calya 1.2 G product from PT Toyota Motor Manufacturing Indonesia and sales data for the New Sigra 1.2 R MT product from PT Astra Daihatsu Motor are applied to the model. The results of the study show that there is a model that explains the cooperative interaction of the two companies, namely the cooperative Lotka-Volterra model. Four equilibrium points are obtained with three equilibrium points being unstable and the fourth equilibrium point being stable with conditions. The Hopf bifurcation analysis of the model shows that there are no parameters that cause a change in stability from initially stable to unstable. The data simulation shows that the cooperation of the two companies is mutually beneficial because it increases the number of sales and creates balanced market conditions.