Main Ration Research Articles

Состав микрофлоры химуса пищеварительной системы и молочная продуктивность коров в период раздоя под влиянием комплексного биопрепарата

Abstract. Understanding the relationships between the microbiome of the digestive system, the use of probiotic supplements and zootechnical indicators in cows is the key to developing new strategies to increase milk yields. Purpose of research to study the composition of the microflora of the digestive system chyme and dairy productivity of cows under the influence of a complex biological preparation. Research methods. The experiment was carried out on of cows of black-and-white holsteinized. Groups were formed: control group I (who received the main ration (MR)) and experimental group II (who received MR and the “AntiKlos” feed additive). The bacterial community of the scar was evaluated by NGS-sequencing, the intestinal microflora, litter and feed were evaluated using real-time PCR. Results showed that the use of the “AntiKlos” feed additive on livestock allowed to increase the average daily milk yield to 7.5 kg compared with control I (P = 0.05). The bacteria Bacteroidetes were the most abundantly represented (P ≤ 0.05) in the rumen – from 20.9 ± 4.36 and up to 55.3 ± 6.74 %. It was shown for the first time that under the influence of the introduction of the “AntiKlos” feed additive into the diet, there was also a 16.1-fold decrease in Fusobacteria phylum bacteria in experimental group II compared with control I (P < 0.05). In addition, the use of the “AntiKlos” feed additive led to the complete disappearance of such species as Streptococcus caprae, S. didelphis, Mycoplasma conjunctivae in the rumen, among which opportunistic and pathogenic forms are often found, which is the scientific novelty of the study. Similar bacterial taxa were found in the food from the feed table, litter and rectum of almost all the dairy cows studied. In the rectal chyme of cows of the experimental group, the number of taxa such as Clostridium spp., Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus spp. decreased in comparison with control I (P ≤ 0.05). Thus it is necessary to pay attention to increasing the efficiency of animal husbandry by regulating the microbiomes of cows, as well as the microflora of feed and housing sites.

ШЕРСТНАЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ ЯРОК РОМАНОВСКОЙ ПОРОДЫ ПРИ ВКЛЮЧЕНИИ В РАЦИОН МИНЕРАЛЬНО-ВИТАМИННОЙ КОРМОВОЙ ДОБАВКИ

The study of the use of feed additives with the use of local natural raw materials is very relevant due to the introduction of sanctions and the high cost of specialized ready-made feed additives for sheep. To study the influence of feed additive based on local natural raw materials (sapropel, zeolite) in the conditions of Yakupov D.N. farm in Birsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan conducted scientific and economic experiments. According to the principle of pairs of analogues (breed, age, live weight) we picked up 4 groups of shearings of Romanov breed with 10 heads each. The control group received the main ration (MR) without the introduction of feed additive, the I experimental group – MR + feed additive recipe No. 1 at a dose of 35 g/head/day; the II group – MR + feed additive recipe No. 2 at a dose of 35 g/head/day; the III group – MR + feed additive recipe No. 3 at a dose of 35 g/head/day. Studies have shown that the use of feed additive D in the diets of yarok contributed to an increase in the shearing of wool in the I experimental group by 9.36 %, II – by 19.15 % and in III – by 25.53 %, respectively, the length of wool – by 0.28 cm; 0.68 and 4.83 cm more, the true length is greater – by 0.70 cm, 1.5 and 2.10 cm., the tonin of wool is higher, respectively – by 1.30 microns, 1.42 and 1.82 microns. There were no significant differences between the groups in the yield of pure wool. Thus, the use of feed additive according to recipes No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3 in the feeding rations of the Romanov breed shearings at 35.0 g/head/day leads to an increase in the quantity and quality of wool, but it is economically more profitable to use feed additive according to recipe No. 3.

Infl uence of probiotic feed additives on the blood parameters of the lactating cows

In the practice of dairy cattle breeding, low-quality feed is often used in the animal rations, which have an adverse effect on their physiological state, thereby reducing the productivity. This is especially true for highly productive cows, so the development and application of new feed additives is one of the ways to solve this problem. The purpose of the research was to study the possibility of using probiotic feed additives Diatomite, Monosporin and Zaslon 2+ when feeding dairy cattle and their infl uence on morphological and biochemical blood parameters. In order to conduct scientifi c and practical experiment on the principle of balanced groups, four groups of cows of Black-and-White breed were formed for the third lactation, taking into account their live weight, productivity for the previous lactation, physiological condition and calving date. There were 10 cows in each group. Cows of the 1st control group received the main ration (MR) including haylage, hay and compound feed, cows the 2nd experimental group received MR and additionally probiotic Diatomite (100 g/head/day), cows of the 3rd experimental group received MR and probiotic Monosporin (70 g/head/day), cows 4th experimental group received MR and probiotic Zaslon 2+ (20 g/head/day) mixed with concentrated feed one time per day, in the morning during milking. It was concluded as a result of the research that the use of probiotic feed additives Diatomite, Monosporin and Zaslon 2+ can improve the physiological state of lactating cows and increase the intensity of metabolic processes in the body.

Improving the productive traits of steers when using selenium-containing feed additives in their rations

Currently, there is great interest in the use of selenium preparations in animal husbandry. Chickpeas are high in selenium and protein. The feed additive benut made on the basis of chickpeas has a high content of selenium. At the same time, an active interaction of selenium with proteins was revealed. In this regard, the study of the beef productivity of steers when using the drug DAFS-25 in the ration separately and together with the feed additive benut is important and relevant. The purpose of the work was to increase the meat productivity and quality of beef of steers when using the selenium-containing drug DAFS-25 in rations separately and in combination with the high-protein feed additive benut. In the experiment, the steers of the 1st control group received the main ration (MR); the 2nd experimental – MR + DAFS-25 (1,6 mg/kg of concentrates); the 3rd experimental – MR + 0,5 kg of benut feed additive (0,5 kg/head/day) instead of an equivalent amount of concentrates + DAFS-25 to ensure the content of selenium, as in the ration of animals of the 2nd experimental group. The beef productivity of fattened steers of Aberdeen Angus breed, indicators of blood composition, digestibility and assimilation of feed nutrients, beef quality and effi ciency of its production were studied. The economic evaluation of the research results showed that on average 1 head additional costs from the use of selenium-containing additives amounted to 140,6 rubles in the 2nd experimental group and 138,7 rubles in the 3rd experimental group. The use of these additives made it possible to reduce the prime-cost of 1 c of growth in the 2nd experimental group by 24,9 and the 3rd group by 265,8 rubles. Profi ts from the sale of beef in the 2nd experimental group were received by 84,4 rubles more and in the 3rd group by 574,8 rubles more than in the 1st control group. In the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups the level of profitability increased by 1,2 and 13,2 abs.% compared with the 1st experimental group, where it amounted to 27,3 %.

Selenium-containing drug together with the feed additive Benut in the rations of steers

Currently, there is great interest in the use of selenium drugs in animal husbandry. Chickpea is high-containing in selenium and protein. The feed additive Benut, made on the basis of chickpea, has a high content of selenium. At the same time, its active interaction with proteins was revealed. The purpose of the work was to increase the meat productivity and quality of beef of steers when using the selenium-containing drug DAFS-25 in rations together with the feed additive Benut. In order to conduct the experiment, according to the principle of analogues 3 groups of Aberdeen-Angus steers were formed at the age of 9 months for 15 heads in each group. The duration of the experiment was 172 days including the main period 150 days. In the main period, the steers of the 1st control group received the main ration (MR), the 2nd experimental group received MR + DAFS-25 (1,6 mg/kg of concentrates) and the 3rd experimental group received MR + 0,5 kg/head/day of the feed additive Benut (instead of an equivalent amount of concentrates) + DAFS-25 to ensure the content of selenium as in the ration of animals of the 2nd experimental group. The beef productivity of fattened steers of Aberdeen-Angus breed was studied and also indicators of blood composition, digestibility and assimilation of feed nutrients, beef quality and efficiency of its production, when used in rations of the drug DAFS-25 separately and in combination with the feed additive Benut. Profit from the sale of beef in the 2nd experimental group was received by 84,4 rubles more and in the 3rd experimental group by 574,8 rubles more than in the 1st control group. In the 2nd and 3rd experimental groups the profitability level was 1,2 and 13,2 % higher than in the 1st control group (27,3 %).

Dietary supplements based on modified and enriched with amino acids zeolite in the cultivation of young turkeys

Relevance. Modern turkey crosses have a genetically determined high growth rate. These farm birds are very sensitive to even minor fluctuations in their diet, are susceptible to a deficiency of amino acids, protein, mineral elements and vitamins, which can contribute to a decrease in their productivity, the development of pathological processes and diseases. The use of modern technologies and scientific achievements has made it possible to prepare a new product — modified zeolite. This natural mineral is already free of impurities and microbes, with open pore windows, has a high ability to selectively exchange, and is obtained by various methods of activating zeolite in industrial conditions. At the same time, Ulyanovsk specialists have mastered the technology of enriching modified zeolite with useful substances.Methods. The aim of the work was to study the effect on the body of turkeys and the level of their productivity of additives based on modified zeolite enriched with amino acids. The experiment was organized for 60 days on 250 turkeys of the breed Hybrid Cread-mayker aged 55–60 days in the conditions of the Ulyanovsk region. The control group received the main ration (MR), the experimental group was given once a day in addition to the MR in the morning feeding in a mixture with mixed feed 5% additives of modified zeolite enriched with amino acids.Results. The inclusion of a supplement based on modified zeolite enriched with amino acids in the diet of turkeys does not have a negative effect on the hematological parameters of their blood, all indicators corresponded to the physiological norm. During the experiment in the 2nd group, the live weight of poultry was obtained larger by 8.70%, which amounted to 12,296 kg, respectively, more profit was obtained from the sale of turkey meat, total revenue was 133,210, and additional profit was 27,960 rubles, 2.41 rubles of profit was received for 1 ruble of costs. Тhe data indicate the normalization of mineral homeostasis in the body of turkeys and better absorption of nutrients in the feed diet.

Influence of a complex feed additive on the morphological and biochemical parameters of the blood of first-calf heifers during the period of increasing the milk yield

It is known that mineral additives play an important role in increasing the productivity and efficiency of the animal husbanry industry as a whole. The state of the body can be assessed by the content of mineral substances in a blood test. The purpose of the work was to study changes in morphological and biochemical blood parameters in first-calf heifers during the period of increasing the milk yield when they are fed a complex mineral and vitamin feed additive (CMVFA). The study of the influence of feeding the complex mineral and vitamin feed additive in the ration to first-calf heifers during the the period of increasing the milk yield on morphological and biochemical blood parameters has been carried out. The experiments were carried out in 2019–2020 in the OOO Breeding Farm “Valiev” in the Dyurtyulinsky district in the Republic of Bashkortostan on 3 groups of first-calf heifers of Black-and-White breed per 15 heads in each selected by the method of pairs of analogues. The animals of the control group received the main ration (MR) adopted on the farm, the 1st experimental group MR+120 g/head CMVFA according to the recipe No. 1, the 2nd experimental group MR+120 g/head CMVFA according to the recipe No. 2. In the ration of animals of the control group there was a deficiency of basic macro- and microelements. The use of CMVFA as part of the ration of first-calf heifers during the period of increasing the milk yield had a positive effect on the morphological and biochemical parameters of blood. Studies have shown that the use of CMVFA in the rations of first-calf heifers provided the need for minerals and vitamins, accelerating metabolic processes in the body during the most stressful period of lactation, the period of increasing the milk yield. According to the results of biochemical blood parameters, it is possible to esimate the improvement of protein, carbohydrate and mineral and vitamin nutrition in the first-cakf heifers of the experimental groups during the period of increasing the milk yield, which showed their genetic potential more fully and used nutrients more effectively for milk synthesis.

Evaluation of the impact of plant extracts in different concentrations on the ecosystem of broilers’ intestine

Modern research shows that several plant extracts containing tannins can improve the nutrition and the health status of farm livestock. In view of the fact that there is a certain dependence of the tannin activity on the source, geographical distribution, the assessment of their effects on changing the intestine microbiota is poorly studied. Experimental studies were conducted on 120 heads of 7-day-old broiler chickens (4 groups, n = 30, 4 replications). The control group received the main ration (MR); the first experimental group – MR + extract 1 (1 ml/kg of live weight); the second experimental group – MR + extract 2 (2 ml/kg of live weight); the third experimental group – MR + extract 3 (3 ml/kg of live weight). An extract from Quercus cortex was additionally included in the composition of experimental groups’ rations. Sequencing the content of samples from the small and cecal intestine was carried out at the second generation sequenator MiSeq Illumina (the United States). As the concentration of the extract increased, micro-organisms of phylum Bacteroidetes shrunk (I) and then disappear (II, III). The maximum concentration found a decrease of phylum Firmicutes (p ≤ 0.05) and an increase of Proteobacteria (p ≤ 0.05). This group also revealed a decline of representatives of class Bacilli (p ≤ 0.05). In groups I and II, representatives of class Clostridia decreased by 14.6-50.5% in comparison with the control. The ratio of representatives of microorganisms in the intestine depends on the number of tannin-containing substances in the extract, which reveals the need for a more detailed examination of this factor as a source of such substances.