Main Power Plants Research Articles

Natural agents that are neuroprotective against mitochondria: a bibliometric-based research mapping 1998–2024, from cells to mitochondria

Introduction Mitochondria are cell organelles that function as the cell’s main power plant, producing ATP, the main energy molecule in cells. Mitochondria play an important role in the context of neuroprotection, and mitochondrial function has been implicated in various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Recent research in the field of neuroprotection has focused on the development of therapies that target mitochondria. Natural ingredients have long been used in traditional medicine and show potential as neuroprotective agents. Methods In this work, a literature review methodology is employed to gather data from the Scopus database using the keywords natural agents, herb*, neuroprotective, and mitochondria. The data were analyzed using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer software to produce visualizations and bibliometric maps. We conducted quantitative and qualitative analyses. Results The research trend found are documents by year, most global cited document, most relevant sources, A factorial map illustrating the leading contributors of papers, documents by author, documents by country or territory, documents by subject area, network visualization, overlay visualization of scopus database using vosviewer, density visualization, thematic map, thematic evolution, cluster analysis, qualitative analysis, and word cloud. Conclusions Natural Agent Neurotropik is a natural substance that influences the brain’s nervous system and peripheral nervous system, enhancing cognition, mood, and brain function. Derived from herbs, spices, and herbal products, it has advantages over other natural agents in energy production, brain biogenesis, and neuroprotection.

Технология изготовления образцов из композитных материалов для проведения лабораторных испытаний

Based on the accumulated experience of the staff of the Institute of Marine Technologies, Energy and Transport of the Astrakhan State Technical University, the development of the production of various parts of ship hulls, elements of main and auxiliary power plants, including various fasteners and stanchions, using additive technology and other methods of forming composite materials has begun. During the implementation of the developed direction, issues arise of reducing the cost, weight of manufactured parts and improving the characteristics of sound absorption, sound insulation, vibration isolation, etc. Despite the fact that adhesives based on epoxy or polyester resin, according to technical documentation, are fast-curing adhesives, they are not applicable for the production of products using three-dimensional printing technologies. for several reasons. The factors preventing the use of materials for the production of such parts are listed: the minimum curing time of one layer of glue under optimal conditions is from one and a half hours or more, which significantly increases the interlayer time interval; the glue layer is not a self-supporting structure due to the fact that it is in a liquid state during the induction period; products made of this adhesive without reinforcement cannot withstand the required dynamic loads. In the process of experimental studies, a number of formulations based on polyester resin with different fillers were obtained, which have the necessary consistency to apply layers on top of the previous one without waiting for curing, and also contain the necessary amount of reinforcing material and other fillers required to solve problems related to vibration isolation and sound insulation.

The analysis of operation and failures of a power plant on high-speed vessels with semi-submersible propellers

Over the past century, shipbuilding has been closely linked to solving the most acute problem of increasing the speed of ships. Builders of high-speed vessels habitually justify this struggle for speed in connection with the requirements of the modern market. In Russia, as well as all over the world, there is a need for modern, high-speed, maneuverable and economical vessels. To meet this need, Almaz Central Design Bureau has developed, the Rybinsk Vimpel Plant has launched a high-speed vessel with semi-submersible propellers of project 12150 "Mongoose". Currently, about 75 ships have been launched [1]. This article analyzes the work of foreign and domestic engines accumulated during the operation of high-speed engines MTU 10V2000M93 (manufactured in Germany), ZVEZDA M470MK-M3 (manufactured in Russia) installed on high-speed vessels of project 12150. In particular, information on the most characteristic failures of the components of the main power plants and the propulsion system as a whole, as well as on the possible causes of the occurrence and development of typical engine failures installed on these high-speed vessels, which allow us to assess the advantages and disadvantages of the power plant used.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНО-ЕКОНОМІЧНІ МЕХАНІЗМИ РОЗВИТКУ БІЗНЕС-СЕРЕДОВИЩА НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ МОРСЬКОГО ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ У ПОВОЄННИЙ ПЕРІОД

Today, the ongoing full-scale invasion of the Russian into Ukraine has caused significant financial, human, migration and political losses to various sectors of the economy of Ukrainian enterprises. In the opinion of the authors, development strategies should be applied in the post-war period of enterprises, losses should be restored through organizational and economic mechanisms of business plans and projects. The advantages of this product can significantly reduce the costs of relevant specialized enterprises in the regional and global shipping market, thereby reducing the cost of marine melting furnaces and increasing their productivity. As a result of research and industrial tests of the product offered by these enterprises, which allow us to guarantee that the stated requirements for the specified technological cover have advantages over analogues. The analysis shows that the beneficiaries of the offered products are: shipping companies, transport companies, technological companies engaged in the production of products for maritime organizations based on infrastructural components. Currently, representatives of the company are conducting negotiations with counterparties regarding the licensed production of ship covers in European and Asian countries. The article examines the current tasks of developing approaches to the strategy of creating projects on the example of the enterprise "Rial-morterminal" for the production of special products and proving its organizational and economic efficiency, planning of human resources at the enterprise. The goal is to develop a strategy based on the example of the company "Rial-morterminal", the production of products that have the advantages of the two types of specialized ship covers mentioned above. The authors investigated SWOT analysis and product risk analysis of marine melting furnaces for all types of ships. The risks of the project were studied: with a ranking of the impact on the project, conditions of risks for the creation of the production of the specified enterprise, a product that has the advantages of the two types of covers for (boilers, furnaces) of the main power plant of sea and river vessels in the regions of Ukraine in the post-war period.

The effect of intake channel length on water temperature at the intake point of the power plant at Muara Karang power plant

Muara Karang Power Plant (MKPP) is one of the main power plants on Java Island in Indonesia. Presently, the Jakarta provincial government has issued a reclamation project on Island G in the marine waters around MKPP. This reclamation effort is predicted to lead to a rise in the seawater temperature around the intake, which MKPP will address with the addition of intake channel of 250 - 957 m. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of intake channel extension on the water temperature at the intake point using numerical modeling comprising hydrodynamics and dispersion advection modules. A total of 10 scenarios were modeled by varying intake channel length and season. The result showed that adding intake channel was less effective because the average water temperature was less than 0.24oC with an effectiveness below 0.78%. Based on the validation of the modeling results on the measurement data, the NRMSD values in west and east seasons were 9.13% and 12.63%, respectively. Under existing conditions, the average and maximum seawater temperatures were 31.40oC and 32.08oC. Meanwhile, by extending intake channel, the average and maximum water temperatures were 31.16oC and 31.60oC. These results showed that by extending intake channel, the temperature at the intake point was generally lower than the existing conditions. Intake channel length was more effective in reducing the temperature at the intake point during west monsoon than east monsoon. Vertically, the temperature at the bottom was relatively colder than near the surface. In west monsoon, the average temperature difference between the bottom and the surface ranged from 0.16-0.21oC, while in east, it was between 0.23 and 0.50oC. In conclusion, the addition of subsequent structures to increase effectiveness was necessary, specifically to hold hot water in east monsoon.

Vibration diagnostics of the main power plant of vessels: improvement and integration of methods

The study is devoted to the development of a comprehensive approach to vibration diagnostics of the main power plant of water transport vehicles. The method of automatic processing of narrowband spectra is being improved. The method of automatic adaptation of threshold values for timely detection of changes in technical condition against the background of natural monotonous changes in vibration parameters characteristic of ship conditions is being improved. In the course of the study, the peculiarities of the spectra of vibration signals of rotary equipment were formulated and their analysis was carried out from the point of view of evaluating the parameters of diagnostically significant components. Automatic systems of centralized control and management are traditionally used to assess the current performance of SEU on ships. Their main purpose is to assess the quality of the SEU performance of the specified operating modes. But these systems do not allow solving the task of early prediction of the loss of performance of the most loaded and failure-prone SEU elements - rotary machines, because the controlled parameters of technological processes are either inertial and do not change synchronously with the development of faults, or do not react to the development of a number of dangerous defects until the onset irreversible consequences. The method of automatic diagnostics was further developed based on the results of monitoring vibration parameters of various nature and the assessment of the diagnostic significance of their changes against the background of natural monotonous fluctuations

On the issue of carrying out mooring tests of a ship power plant in shallow water conditions

In the process of mooring trials, as well as when ships are sailing in shallow water, difficulties often arise in ensuring normal operating conditions for the propulsion complex, the performance of the power plant and the ship as a whole. The article outlines the problems during mooring tests in shallow water. Mooring tests of a large-tonnage tanker in shallow water conditions are considered, when the operation of the main circulation pump of the cooling system is disrupted due to contamination of the flow path of the main condenser with soil particles. The economic inexpediency of testing a tanker at sea when it is anchored or barreled in an area that is safe for navigation and has sufficient water depth is substantiated. The method of taking cooling water from above with the help of a caisson is considered, which eliminated unproductive costs. A method of mooring a ship is given, in which the water jet from the propeller does not harm the berthing facilities and does not erode the soil of the water area; the means of simulating the nominal parameters of the actuators are described, which makes it possible to carry out mooring tests of mechanisms, systems and devices without bringing the main power plant to the mode of increased loads, and, as a result, to reduce the testing time.

Effect of Sea Current to Composites Cold Water Pipeline of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion in Indonesia

Ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) is a new source of future energy that is clean and environmentally friendly with zero emissions. It is very potential to be developed in Indonesia, which is located at the equator. to meet the electricity needs of the outermost and remote islands that are not currently covered by the main power plants in Indonesia. Indonesia has deep seas around the islands with temperatures of 5°C and surface temperatures above 25-28°C, so a temperature difference of 20°C can be obtained easily for OTEC power plants. Cold water supplied to the OTEC plant with a capacity of 2 MW at sea level requires a pipe with a diameter of 4 m and a length of 500 m. The pipeline must be insulating, not floating, corrosion-resistant, and resistant to current loads. Current is a very serious concern with the potential to cause pipe failure. The pipe material being investigated is a short fiberglass High-density polyethylene composite. In this study, a simulation of the effect of current on the composite pipe was carried out to obtain an overview of the stress that occurs and the proper pipe dimensions used. The highest current speed in Indonesian water is found in the Makassar Strait from July to September at 0.8 m/s at a depth of 100 m. Based on the OTEC Pro Simulation software for a capacity of 2 MW, resulted in the pipe size is 4 m and the pipe length is 500 m which refers to the temperature profile. In the simulation, the calculation of the dynamically moving current becomes the drag force on the pipe, and with the Autodesk inventor, it is known that the deflection in the pipe, and the yield stress cause failure in the pipe. Subsequently, from the deflection and yield stress data, a pipe thickness of 20-30 cm is obtained for the short fiberglass-HDPE composite material which is safe to use as an OTEC cold water pipe with a capacity of 2 MW. Pipes with a thickness smaller than 15 cm are too thin for a diameter of 4 m because the pipe wall has already experienced a deflection in a horizontal position and pipes with a thickness of > 30 cm are known from the simulation that the pipes cannot be connected rigidly and the pipes also experience stress due to current and pipe weight. so that the stress becomes greater in the pipe.

Performance Assessment of Malaysian Fossil Fuel Power Plants: A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Approach

This paper investigated the performance of Malaysian power plants from the year 2015 to 2017 using Malmquist Total Factor Productivity (TFP) index, which is based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). This approach offers substantial advantages as compared to other existing methods as it can measure productivity changes over time for a variety of inputs and outputs. Moreover, it comprises two primary components: the technical efficiency change and the technological change indexes that provide clearer insight into the factors that are responsible for shifts in total factor productivity. This study uses a single input, installed generation capacity (MW), and two outputs, average thermal efficiency (%) and average equivalent availability factor (%). These output-input data included ten main power plants: TNB Natural Gas, SESB Natural Gas, SESB Diesel, SEB Natural Gas, SEB Coal, SEB Diesel, IPP Semenanjung Natural Gas, IPP Semenanjung Coal, IPP Sabah Natural Gas, and IPP Sabah Diesel. The results have two significant implications for fossil fuel power plants in Malaysia. First, technological change was the primary factor in boosting the TFP performance of the fossil fuel power plants in Malaysia. Meanwhile, the decline in TFP performance in Malaysian fossil fuel power plants may be attributed, in part, to a lack of innovation in technical components as the results found that the average technical efficiency changes in 2015 – 2016 were at 146% and then dropped significantly to 2% in 2016 – 2017. Second, the average scale efficiency changes rose dramatically from -53% to 3% providing a significant contribution to the improvement of technical efficiency changes. The fossil fuel power plants become efficient as the power plants’ size increases. This indicates that the size of a power plant positively impacts the performance of the TFP.

Supplying the energy of islands with geopolitical positions using distributed generations to increase energy security

The islands usually face challenges in their energy supply due to their specific location. On islands that are distant from the land, power is typically provided by diesel generators. Therefore, oil tankers must regularly refuel the island in order to supply the necessary fuel for diesel generators. As a result, if the fueling procedure is not completed for whatever reason, the island will not receive the necessary energy, which will result in an unavoidable loss of load. Due to their strategic location, some of these islands are used as military islands to protect the nations and waterways. Given the vital role that these military islands play for nations, a delay in supplying the island with energy can seriously harm security, the economy, and other factors. Transferring fuel to these islands is typically difficult, and in some cases impossible, under certain circumstances, such as war. Therefore, reducing the island's reliance on fossil fuels as much as feasible is vital to ensure the energy security of these specific islands. Diesel generators provide electricity to Larak Island, which is situated in the Strait of Hormuz. Larak Island serves as a military island due to its geopolitical location, hence it is crucial to consistently provide Larak with electricity. Therefore, in this paper, a combination of distributed generations and system storage is used to supply the Larak island. The photovoltaic, wind and tidal plants are considered the main power plants, and fuel cells with electrolyzers and hydrogen tanks have also been used as storage systems. In addition, the diesel generator is considered the system backup. The considered objective functions to design and manage Larak island's power supply system are reducing diesel generators fuel consumption, reducing electricity cost, and reducing electricity outages and lost power generation of renewable resources.

PREVENTIVE START-UP OF AN EMERGENCY DIESEL GENERATOR OF THE SHIP’S ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM

The development of the method of preventive protection for the purposes of safe operation of the ship’s electric power system in emergency situations associated with malfunctions of its elements that occur during operation is considered in the paper. It has been shown that the existing devices form a command to start an emergency diesel generator at the moment when the voltage on the main switchboard busbars disappears. This circumstance causes a break in the power supply of responsible consumers of electric energy for a time equal to the start time of the emergency source. At the same time, the vessel loses control, and in most cases, the course. In this regard, it has been paid special attention in the paper to the development of a method for the preventive start of an emergency diesel generator, in which the launch command is formed before the vessel is de-energized, but with a real threat of this event. The conditions under which the preventive start of an emergency diesel generator should be carried out are formulated. Within the framework of the proposed approach, the energy state of the entire ship’s electric power system is predicted in the case of a decrease in its generating capacity, and, if necessary, a command to start an emergency source of electric energy is formed. At the same time, the most dangerous situation develops at a time when, in case of a failure of the generator unit of the main power plant, preventive unloading of the network turns out to be ineffective. It has been shown that there are emergency modes of vessel operation, such as flooding or fire in the room of diesel generators, in which the probability of simultaneous failure of all main electricity sources at once is especially high. The application of the proposed method of preventive start-up of an emergency power source will allow, in case of failure of at least one of the generator units of the main power plant operating in parallel, flooding or fire on the ship, to carry out structural adaptation of the system in advance to the malfunction that has arisen and go into a partially operational state, bypassing the emergency situation. At the same time, the interruption in the power supply of responsible consumers ensuring the safety of the vessel operation will either be significantly reduced or it will not happen at all. A functional diagram of a simple device implementing the proposed approach in practice is presented. A brief description of his work is given.

Обзор ярусоловных судов и их главных энергетических установок, эксплуатирующихся на Дальневосточном рыбопромысловом бассейне

The article presents an overview of the general events in longline fishing. Three types of longline fishing (pelagic (drifting), near-bottom and bottom fishing) are used today. Longline fishing and the required fishing gear ‒ 
 a ridge and hooks with leads ‒ are described. The development of longline fishing in the Far Eastern basin began in 1926. Cod and halibut were caught by longline fishing. Originally, small Kawasaki vessels and MRS-80 type fishing seiners were used for launching and hauling the nets. Since the 1950s longline fishing has practically ceased. Its revival began only in the mid-1970s. Than it became possible to conduct the research and development of means of longline fishing mechanization. Lagging of the national means of mechanization from the foreign ones was obvious, that is why it was decided to buy Norwegian and German longline complexes and convert already built vessels into longline fishing vessels. There have been considered different types of on longline fishing vessels. A refrigerating unit and a longline complex are common features for these vessels. The architecture of the vessel hulls of both small tonnage and medium tonnage does not meet the modern environmental requirements, because a large number of seabirds and other mammals die when hauling a line. As a result of the review of the main power plants, it was revealed that the main power plant includes a main engine, a reverse gear, a shaft generator, a fixed-pitch propeller or an adjustable-pitch propeller, and a multiplier. It has been inferred that there is no general approach when choosing the most appropriate main power plant for a longline vessel.

A Comparative Shaking Table Study on Inelastic Torsion and Torsional Performance of Conventional Thermal Power Plant Main Building and Thermal Power Plant Main Building with the Buckling-Restrained Braces

A Comparative Shaking Table Study on Inelastic Torsion and Torsional Performance of Conventional Thermal Power Plant Main Building and Thermal Power Plant Main Building with the Buckling-Restrained Braces

Exploration of Health Management in Ship Main Power Plant

With the change of market environment, consumer demands are diversified, complex and comprehensive, this paper introduces the new concept, architecture and core technology, predicts the industry capability and demand in the main power device industry, and integrates it with digital twin, cloud service and 5G network. This paper expounds the diagnosis and prediction of ship faults in the meta-universe, constructs a meta-learning model of health management based on detection data, integrates the multi-source data information of ships, and then emphasizes the importance of meta-universe application in the health management of the ship main power device, so as to promote the digitalization of the ship industry.

Formation of information flows during diagnostics of ship power plants

The article considers a systematic approach to the issue of the formation of information flows on the technical condition of the ship's power plant (SEU), for various consumers of information. The methodology for assessing the technical condition of the SEU based on probabilistic indicators of the state of its structural elements is given. The essence of the proposed methodology is reduced to the consistent application of the SEU decomposition method to determine the most informative diagnostic parameters (DP), technical control of its constituent elements, processing of diagnostic results and providing information to consumers. On the example of the structural elements of the main power plant of the ship, the requirements for the frequency of monitoring are formulated and the most informative DP are determined

Optimization of Ventilation System for a Main Power Plant in an Underground Pumped Storage Power Station

Pumped storage power station is an economic and reliable means of peak load regulation for power networks. The temperature and humidity control are complicated due to the huge amount of heat and moisture emission in the main power plant. This paper investigates the operating condition of three different ventilation cases in a five-storey underground pumped storage power station. A full-scale model of the main plant was built for numerical simulation. Three ventilation cases were studied by changing the number, area and layout of air supply vents at the top of the main plant. The airflow distribution of three cases in summer condition were calculated and an optimal ventilation case was determined by comparing the jet flow range and temperature in the working zone. The working condition in winter was also simulated and verified in order to ensure the reliability of the ventilation case. Results show that case 1 was determined as a reasonable air supply case. In this paper, a reasonable scheme of ventilation system was proposed in a underground pumped storage power station. The results would be helpful to optimize the air ventilation mode in underground powerhouse of pumped storage power station.

Сопоставление винтовых характеристик главных малооборотных двигателей, полученных по результатам моделирования и эксплуатационных испытаний

Under operating conditions, the main engine and the fixed pitch propeller are interdependent, and their parameters are interrelated. Main low-speed engines, as a rule, have significant cylinder power and are used on vessels characterized by significant coefficients of the hull volumetric completeness. With the stationarity of the operating factors, the vessel's speed is directly proportional to the propeller rotational speed. Thus we can talk about the self-similarity of the hull resistance characteristics and the propeller resistance moment. Analysis of the results of operational tests of heavy-tonnage vessels showed the deviation of the parabola coefficient of the propeller characteristic from the characteristic values. An increase in the error in assessing and predicting the heat load of an engine operating according to propeller characteristics can contribute to a decrease in the reliability of the main power plant. In the article, based on the operational test data, the indicators of interaction between the main engine, the vessel's hull and the propeller are analyzed in terms of the parameters of the equations of propeller and running characteristics. To verify the data, a mathematical model of the TRANSAS Engine Room System simulator was used. Based on the data obtained, it was agreed that adjustments of the mathematical description of the propeller characteristics should be made during the preparation of the vessel acceptance tests and the engines heat load control during operation.

Метод выбора облика морских ГТД и состава главной энергетической установки для кораблей различных типов на базе унифицированных технических решений

Method for determination of marine GTE design and main power plant configuration for ships of several types is described.

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SHORT STEEL CONCRETE COLUMNS ON STATIC INFLUENCES

The paper considers the issues of planning an experimental tests of samples of short reinforced concrete supports for static effects. The procedure for determining the required number of samples and their preparation for testing is given. To determine the needed amount of supports the Latin square is used. The variable parameters for such type of construction are the followed: concrete class, the thickness of the expanded-exhaust sheet, the size of the cell of the average exhaust sheet, geometric parameters of the support (diameter and height), diameter and pitch of frame and the degree of adhesion of concrete to metal. Experimental samples are presented in three series: round concrete supports(6 pcs.), concrete supports in a mesh holder (6 pcs.) and concrete supports in a mesh holder supported by outer frames (6 pcs.). The height of each support is about 1000mm, the diameter is 450 mm. Based on the presented methodology, 18 prototypes were prepared for testing, which were made on the construction site of "Avantazh" ICC. For convenience of production of supports concreting is executed in a disposable cardboard framework. The diameter of the mesh holder is 400 mm, thus, the protective layer of concrete is 25 mm. The connection of the holder is made by butt welding without overlays. The frames are made of Ø12A400C reinforcement bars of periodic profile. Before conducting a series of experimental studies, standard tests of structural materials were performed, in particular, determination of the cubic strength of concrete. Simultaneously with the testing of standard samples of cubes, the establishment of the actual concrete classes of the test samples was performed using a non destructive test with the ONYX-2.5 device. Together with determining the concrete classes, geometrical characteristics of samples were defined. A P-500 hydraulic press for testing of building structures is used as the main power plant. The loading of the samples is planned to be realized stepwise through two headers in the form of steel disks till the moment of distruction.

МЕТОДЫ ОЦЕНКИ ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ СУДОВЫХ МАЛООБОРОТНЫХ ДВИГАТЕЛЕЙ

Based on statistical data, an analysis of characteristic defects in the parts of the CPG of low-speed engines of marine vessels is carried out. It was experimentally proven that when diagnosing technical means, an assessment of its technical condition, detection and determination of the location of defects and damage, and prediction of the residual life of the studied objects are determined. Diagnostics is also part of the maintenance of power plants, auxiliary mechanisms, various devices and systems of the vessel. Its purpose is to obtain timely information about the technical condition of individual parts, assemblies, engine mechanisms as a whole based on measurements and analysis of the measurement results of various parameters. An important criterion for the level of safety of navigation of ships, as well as their reliability, largely depends on the quality and timely diagnosis of the technical condition with information assessments, the results of the analysis of the work performed. Basically, the object of diagnosis on a ship is the main power plant, auxiliary mechanisms, ship systems, devices, etc. In order to increase the reliability of low-speed engines, there is a need to develop appropriate models and methods for assessing the diagnosis of their technical condition. It is important to note that timely diagnosis of low-speed engines provides an increase in their reliability and a reduction in material costs for maintenance and repair. Therefore, to maintain the installation and systems and in good technical condition, it is necessary to use monitoring and diagnostics, which make it possible to determine the magnitude and location of defects and failures, and to call up the degree of operability of the investigated failures. Keywords: reliability, failure, modeling, defects, forecasting, low-speed engines.