Main Path Research Articles

Knowledge diffusion trajectories of agile software development research: A main path analysis

Knowledge diffusion trajectories of agile software development research: A main path analysis

The impact of contagion effects of media reports, investors’ sentiment and attention on the stock market based on HAR-RV model

In this paper, the Shanghai Securities Composite Index and 18 A-share listed companies are used to justify the impact of contagion effects of media reports, investors’ sentiment and attention on stock market. Five indicators are built: The news media optimistic tendency, investors’ attention, investors’ sentiment, investors’ sentiment disagreement and media sentiment disagreement. Furthermore, theoretical models are constructed based on HAR-RV model to analyze the contagion structure between media sentiment and investors’ sentiment and its impact on the performance of stock market. Additionally, the “reverse silence spiral” theory is proposed to analyze the regulatory role of sentiment disagreement in the contagion effects according to the information communication theory. The empirical results demonstrate the following conclusions. (1) The optimism degree of media reports positively affects investors’ subjective sentiment and increases their transaction volume. (2) Strengthening investors’ attention to corporate-related information is the main path by which media sentiment interferes with investors’ sentiment. (3) Media sentiment will indirectly affect the excess return and volatility of stocks through investors’ sentiment and their transactions. (4) Media sentiment disagreement has weakened the influence of media sentiment on investors’ attention and sentiment. Investors’ sentiment disagreement has alleviated its impact on the excess returns and volatility of stocks.

Hydrochemical and isotopic characterization of a complex aquifer system

A methodology was developed and applied to the Tindouf basin (south-western Algeria) to understand the hydrogeology of a complex aquifer system with a limited number of data, to identify the favorable areas for the design and building of new wells, and to know whether there is still current recharge of these aquifers. The principal components analysis (PCA), diagram of deuterium versus oxygen-18, and equilibrium diagrams Mg/Na and Ca/Na were the techniques used to combine different datasets in order to identify chemical and isotopic groups, which were in turn used to define the groundwater flow paths. In addition, on the basis of thermodynamic equilibrium, it is possible to define the chemical evolution of the Tindouf basin aquifer. The results of this study are consistent with the generally accepted hydrogeological conceptual model. The combination of the different methods made possible to define and and to characterise the main groundwater flow paths from their sources to the discharge zones. These flow paths are defined by water categories, which are represented by salinity and groundwater origin. This approach can be used to analyze aquifers characterized by a lack of data and can also be useful for studying other complex groundwater basins.

AI’s Role in Enhancing the Construction of Regional Primary and Secondary School Teachers

This paper investigates and analyzes the current situation of regional teaching staff and explores the path of AI in enhancing the construction of primary and secondary school teachers. Recent state documents have emphasized the urgent need for AI to improve teaching staff development. The study reveals issues in the construction of primary and secondary school teachers' teams in teaching, management, and training. For instance, classroom teaching is limited by time and space, making it difficult to achieve personalized learning for students and differentiated teaching for teachers. Teacher training lacks individual and group diagnosis, which does not consider teacher individuality, differences, and hierarchy. The evaluation of teachers in regional management and service tends to be subjective, and the awareness and application of data are inadequate. The study proposes addressing these problems by building and applying teacher big data, developing an AI assistant for teachers, and upgrading the quality of teaching intelligent monitoring systems. The proposed measures aim to promote high-quality development of regional teaching staff by establishing the main path for AI to enhance the construction of primary and secondary school teachers.

The knowledge trajectory and structure of the supply chain integration: a main path and cluster analysis

PurposeSupply chain integration (SCI) dominates supply chain strategy and is receiving increasing academic attention. The purpose of this paper is to provide a systematic review of the knowledge trajectory and structure of the SCI field.Design/methodology/approachBased on 3,533 papers extracted from the Web of Science (WoS), this paper adopts the main path analysis (MPA) method to detect three distinct knowledge development trajectories. Coupling-based clustering is combined with MPA to reveal three critical subfields.FindingsThe findings show that the definition, content and dimensions of SCI lack unified conclusions. The influencing factors and performance consequences of SCI are long-standing research elements. Building theoretical models and integrated systems and applying blockchain technology to improve SCI are the key research contents. The intertwining of collaboration and SCI cannot be ignored, and the green SCI may be a hot topic in the future.Research limitations/implicationsThis study explores knowledge in the SCI field based on the limited literature collected by WoS rather than all published papers. The omissions of some relevant papers and books may exist.Practical implicationsThe study methodology provides a framework for similar studies in the future, and the results help researchers to get a comprehensive picture of the knowledge trajectory and structure of the SCI field.Originality/valueCompared to existing reviews, MPA combines cluster analysis to develop a synthetic framework of the knowledge trajectory and structure in the SCI domain. It contributes to a systematic review of the development of SCI.

Revealing Main Reaction Paths to Olefins and Aromatics in Methanol-to-Hydrocarbons over H-ZSM-5 by Isotope Labeling

The nature of hydrocarbon pool (HCP) intermediates in the methanol-to-hydrocarbons (MTH) process has been thoroughly investigated, especially for BEA- and CHA-type zeolite catalysts like H-β and H-SAPO-34. Herein, we further reveal the dynamic mechanistic details of the MTH process over the H-ZSM-5 catalyst at 400 °C, based on the dual-cycle mechanism and HCP in this medium-pore zeolite. Application of switching sequences of 13C-labeled and unlabeled methanol pulses over a model H-ZSM-5 catalyst combined with on-line MS analysis and a recently reported technique called “fast scanning-pulse GC analysis” provides a direct and quantitative insight into the MTH reactions under quasi-steady-state conditions. The transient product responses showed the almost instant formation of hydrocarbons upon a small pulse of methanol, followed by secondary formation of light aromatics via HCP decomposition and olefin alkylation–dealkylation, especially in a long catalyst bed when methanol is quickly consumed in the initial reaction zone in the catalyst bed. The isotopic analysis of typical aliphatic C3+ product responses after switching 13C-methanol pulses to the unlabeled methanol pulses showed a fast isotope scrambling in the formation of C3+ species. MS analysis of the light aromatics indicates a complete consecutive but slower isotope incorporation process of 12C into 13C-aromatics. Results provide direct experimental confirmation of the kinetically preferred olefin-based cycle over the aromatic-based cycle. The sequential isotopic incorporation strongly suggests that the paring reaction pathway through aromatic ring contraction and re-expansion steps is operative. In the appearance of aromatics upon pulsing methanol over larger catalyst beds, four processes are directly discerned, involving the displacement of adsorbed species by formed water, isotope incorporation yielding directly labeled and unlabeled products through the paring mechanism and direct aromatization, and HCP conversion through secondary reactions.

Development and validation of a global 1∕32° surface-wave–tide–circulation coupled ocean model: FIO-COM32

Abstract. Model resolution and the included physical processes are two of the most important factors that determine the realism or performance of ocean model simulations. In this study, a new global surface-wave–tide–circulation coupled ocean model FIO-COM32 with a resolution of 1/32∘ × 1/32∘ is developed and validated. Promotion of the horizontal resolution from 1/10 to 1/32∘ leads to significant improvements in the simulations of surface eddy kinetic energy (EKE), the main paths of the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream, and the global tides. We propose the integrated circulation route error (ICRE) as a quantitative criteria to evaluate the simulated main paths of the Kuroshio and Gulf Stream. The non-breaking surface-wave-induced mixing (BV) is proven to still be an important contributor that improves the agreement of the simulated summer mixed-layer depth (MLD) against the Argo observations even with a very high horizontal resolution of 1/32∘. The mean error in the simulated mid-latitude summer MLD is reduced from −4.8 m in the numerical experiment without BV to −0.6 m in the experiment with BV. By including the global tide, the global distributions of internal tide can be explicitly simulated in this new model and are comparable to the satellite observations. Based on Jason-3 along-track sea surface height (SSH), wavenumber spectral slopes of mesoscale ranges and wavenumber frequency analysis show that the unbalanced motions, mainly internal tides and inertia-gravity waves, induced SSH undulation and are a key factor for the substantially improved agreement between model and satellite observations in the low latitudes and low-EKE regions. For the ocean model community, surface waves, tidal currents and ocean general circulations have been separated into different streams for more than half a century. This paper demonstrates that it is time to merge these three streams for a new generation of ocean model development.

Electrode Separators for the Next-Generation Alkaline Water Electrolyzers.

Multi-gigawatt-scale hydrogen production by water electrolysis is central in the green transition when it comes to storage of energy and forming the basis for sustainable fuels and materials. Alkaline water electrolysis plays a key role in this context, as the scale of implementation is not limited by the availability of scarce and expensive raw materials. Even though it is a mature technology, the new technological context of the renewable energy system demands more from the systems in terms of higher energy efficiency, enhanced rate capability, as well as dynamic, part-load, and differential pressure operation capability. New electrode separators that can support high currents at small ohmic losses, while effectively suppressing gas crossover, are essential to achieving this. This Focus Review compares the three main development paths that are currently being pursued in the field with the aim to identify the advantages and drawbacks of the different approaches in order to illuminate rational ways forward.

Probing the formation of soluble humins in catalytic dehydration of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over HZSM-5 catalyst

Understanding the formation paths of humins and corresponding influencing factors in fructose dehydration catalyzed by a solid acid would be helpful for the rational design of heterogeneous catalysts for efficient synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). In this work, the fructose-to-HMF dehydration has been studied over HZMS-5 with various Si/Al ratios to get insights into the evolution pathways of soluble humins (i.e., oligomeric products). It was found that three main representative paths were involved in the formation of soluble humins under the catalysis of HZMS-5 solid acids: 1) oligomer I formed through dehydrated condensation of fructose and/or HMF, 2) oligomer II formed through degradative (-FA) condensation of fructose and/or HMF, and 3) oligomer III formed from degradative (–HCHO) condensation of fructose and/or HMF. We demonstrated that the Brønsted acids with weak (i.e., Alpair) and medium-strong (i.e., Alpair) strengths on HZSM-5 along with those dissolved from Lewis acidic sites (i.e., Alsingle and Alq3) both contributed to the formation of oligomer I, the medium-strong Brønsted acids and strong Lewis acids on HZSM-5 were responsible for the formation of oligomer II, and the Brønsted acids with high acid density promoted the formation of oligomer III. HZSM-5 with a low density ratio between medium-strong and weak Brønsted acids (Dmedium-strong/Dweak = 0.74) along with a low density of strong Lewis acids was found to be effective for fructose-to-HMF dehydration by inhibiting humin formations to the maximum extent. This work highlighted the rational design of heterogeneous catalysts with moderate acid density and acid strength to comprehensively avoid the formation of undesired humins in HMF biorefinery.

Extracting the evolutionary backbone of scientific domains: The semantic main path network analysis approach based on citation context analysis

AbstractMain path analysis is a popular method for extracting the scientific backbone from the citation network of a research domain. Existing approaches ignored the semantic relationships between the citing and cited publications, resulting in several adverse issues, in terms of coherence of main paths and coverage of significant studies. This paper advocated the semantic main path network analysis approach to alleviate these issues based on citation function analysis. A wide variety of SciBERT‐based deep learning models were designed for identifying citation functions. Semantic citation networks were built by either including important citations, for example, extension, motivation, usage and similarity, or excluding incidental citations like background and future work. Semantic main path network was built by merging the top‐K main paths extracted from various time slices of semantic citation network. In addition, a three‐way framework was proposed for the quantitative evaluation of main path analysis results. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis on three research areas of computational linguistics demonstrated that, compared to semantics‐agnostic counterparts, different types of semantic main path networks provide complementary views of scientific knowledge flows. Combining them together, we obtained a more precise and comprehensive picture of domain evolution and uncover more coherent development pathways between scientific ideas.

Eco-efficiency considering NetZero and data envelopment analysis: a critical literature review

Abstract We highlight the state of the art in the eco-efficiency measurement using data envelopment analysis, including Malmquist–Luenberger productivity index. We also consider productivity change over time, provide directions for future studies in the field and gather the most recent policy suggestions for governments, organizations and sectors for reducing CO2 emissions. A structured literature search of the Web of Science academic database reveals 311 papers published between 1989 and 2022. We carry out network analysis of citations to show the evolution of the literature in this research topic. In doing so, we (a) examine the key-route main path of knowledge flows, (b) provide basic bibliometric information about the most active journals and authors, (c) conduct a qualitative in-depth analysis of the identified most important studies and (d) identify the research fronts and relate them to the emerging issues on the topic researched, focusing on the most recent period between 2000 and 2022. Based on the insights of the literature review, the second part of this paper critically analyses the papers on the key-route (main path) of this subject. This review can be used as guidance and a starting point for researchers and practitioners who want to further investigate optimal policies to reach NetZero.

Evolutionary game theory and the adaptive dynamics approach: adaptation where individuals interact.

Evolutionary game theory and the adaptive dynamics approach have made invaluable contributions to understanding how gradual evolution leads to adaptation when individuals interact. Here, we review some of the basic tools that have come out of these contributions to model the evolution of quantitative traits in complex populations. We collect together mathematical expressions that describe directional and disruptive selection in class- and group-structured populations in terms of individual fitness, with the aims of bridging different models and interpreting selection. In particular, our review of disruptive selection suggests there are two main paths that can lead to diversity: (i) when individual fitness increases more than linearly with trait expression; (ii) when trait expression simultaneously increases the probability that an individual is in a certain context (e.g. a given age, sex, habitat, size or social environment) and fitness in that context. We provide various examples of these and more broadly argue that population structure lays the ground for the emergence of polymorphism with unique characteristics. Beyond this, we hope that the descriptions of selection we present here help see the tight links among fundamental branches of evolutionary biology, from life history to social evolution through evolutionary ecology, and thus favour further their integration. This article is part of the theme issue 'Half a century of evolutionary games: a synthesis of theory, application and future directions'.

Effects of vegetation restoration types on soil erosion reduction of a shallow karst fissure soil system in the degraded karst areas of Southwestern China

AbstractShallow karst fissures are the main hydrological paths, underground loss channels, and one of the most critical root habitats in fragile karst rocky desertification areas. Revegetation may alter the type of vegetation cover in fissures, resulting in changes to soil properties and erosion reduction. In this study, we evaluate the influence of revegetation on the soil erosion reduction of fissure‐soil–plant systems (FSPS) for three vegetation types (herbs, shrubs, and trees) in FSPS and use bare FSPS without vegetation as a control in a karst rocky desertification area. The results show that the soil physicochemical properties of FSFS degraded first and then improved after abandonment, resulting in the order of soil erosion reduction of FSPS with vegetation succession being: shrub < herb < bare < tree. Vegetation restoration can significantly improve the soil erosion resistance of the 10–20 cm soil layer in the fissure zone, making it stronger than that in the non‐fissure zone, thus reducing the risk of underground leakage on the slope. The results obtained in this study deepen our knowledge of the impact of vegetation restoration type on soil erosion reduction and has significant implications for guiding vegetation restoration and preventing underground leakage in karst areas.

Chinatown Growth in Surakarta from The Colonial Era to The Millennium Era (XVIII-XX Century)

<p>Chinatown is an area inhabited by Chinese. The old Chinatown is characterized by rows of shophouse facing each other with curved tiled roof with Chinese ornaments. This typical Chinatown building are disappearing as a city develop, replaced by modern buildings. The old typical Chinatown in Surakarta is concentrated in Kampung Sudiroprajan. The purpose of this study is to find out the Chinatown growth since the birth of Surakarta until present and what factors have influenced its growth. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method using archival data sources, literature review and map observation. City theory is used to understand the city and Chinatown growth. The data was then analyzed using a comparative study with the technique of comparing three maps of Chinatown from three different periodizations: Colonial, Old Order-New Order and reform to present. The findings is that the Chinatown growth is influenced by political factors, it is a regime’s policy towards the Chinese community. The Surakarta Chinatown continued to grow organically around economic, business and trade nodes and approaching main transportation path and nodes. Its landmark is a temple. Chinatown inhabitant is not only Chinese, there are natives and other ethnicities. The biggest Chinatown growth is around Solo's golden triangle, namely around Gede Market, Klewer Market and Legi Market. It also grows around Solo City landmark, the North-South cosmological axis in Kasunanan Palace. The second rapid growth is in the Solo Baru. The trading image of Chinatown was overlap with the cultural image of Solo City. </p>

An Alternative Approach to the Translation of Poems in Political Texts: Take Xi Jinping: The Governance of China as an example

Chinese poetry translation is currently dominated by the rhymed translations of poetry represented by Xu Yuanchong and the unrhymed translations of poetry represented by Weng Xianliang. Both of these poetry translation methods have provided us with valuable practical experience. However, volumes 1 to 3 of Xi Jinping: The Governance of China, as authoritative interpretations of Chinese wisdom, Chinese plans, and Chinese theories, contain a large number of ancient Chinese poems. However, in the English version of the three volumes, the English translations of the relevant verses do not copy the existing translations, of famous translators, but instead, use the paraphrasing method to render these verses. By collecting representative verses on different topics and comparing the similarities and differences between translators’ translations of the same poems in the three volumes, the author summarizes the different paths of poetry translation, explores the feasibility and merits of the paraphrasing method as the main path of translating poetry in political texts, and provides a practical basis for promoting the paraphrasing method of poetry translation.

Agrarian change and land dispossession linked to the armed conflict in Colombia – a review

Violent conflict can accelerate the development of capitalism in rural areas, entailing the transformation of land distribution patterns. However, this transformation via land grabbing in wartime is under-addressed in the literature. This paper explores the case of land dispossession (LD) in Colombia, defined as land grabbing by taking advantage of the armed conflict, a process that affected mainly smallholders and ethnic communities. By conducting a literature review it was found that agrarian elites, networking with public servants and right-wing paramilitary militias, engaged in LD by using violence but also various symbolic devices that justified LD and assisted the legalisation of usurped land. Two main paths of LD are identified, and a typology of symbolic devices used to justify LD is proposed, showing how the armed conflict hastened agrarian capitalism through land accumulation. The opportunistic participation of civilians in the armed conflict setting, the interlaces between symbolic devices and violence, and the role of the state are highlighted as factors fostering a specific path of agrarian change in wartime characterised by the marginalisation of small-scale farming.

Nitrogen mineralization in grazed BSC subsoil is mediated by itself and vegetation in the Loess Plateau, China

Biological soil crust (BSC) exists widely in many kinds of grassland, its effect on soil mineralization in grazing systems has well been studied, but the impacts and threshold of grazing intensity on BSC have rarely been reported. This study focused on the dynamics of nitrogen mineralization rate in biocrust subsoils affected by grazing intensity. We studied the changes in BSC subsoil physicochemical properties and nitrogen mineralization rates under four sheep grazing intensities (i.e., 0, 2.67, 5.33, and 8.67 sheep ha−1) in seasons of spring (May–early July), summer (July–early September), and autumn (September–November). Although this moderate grazing intensity contributes to the growth and recovery of BSCs, we found that moss was more vulnerable to trampling than lichen, which means the physicochemical properties of the moss subsoil are more intense. Changes in soil physicochemical properties and nitrogen mineralization rates were significantly higher under 2.67–5.33 sheep ha−1 than other grazing intensities (Saturation phase). In addition, the structural equation model (SEM) showed that the main response path was grazing, which affected subsoil physicochemical properties through the joint mediation of BSC (25%) and vegetation (14%). Then, the further positive effect on nitrogen mineralization rate and the influence of seasonal fluctuations on the system was fully considered. We found that solar radiation and precipitation all had significant promoting effects on soil nitrogen mineralization rates, the overall seasonal fluctuation has a direct effect of 18% on the rate of nitrogen mineralization. This study revealed the effects of grazing on BSC and the results may enable a better statistical quantification of BSC functions and provide a theoretical basis to formulate grazing strategies in the grazing system of sheep in Loess Plateau even worldwide (BSC symbiosis).

Smoke dispersion test and emergency control plan of fire in mine roadway during downward ventilation

To explore the wind flow turbulence and smoke flow diffusion law during the mine downward ventilation fire, two similar experimental platforms of a inclined single pipe test device and a loop system multiple pipe test device were built. The change data of the air flow in the pipeline during the fire period under different air volumes were measured. The evolution process of downward ventilation fire in the whole roadway network domain in Dayan Mine was simulated, and the emergency plan was put forward. The results show that in the experiment, the combustion intensity of the fire source is positively correlated with the ventilation power, and the fire wind pressure increases with the increase of the inclination angle of the pipeline. The throttling effect of the fire area and the combustion of the fire source together make the air volume in the pipeline change rapidly. The critical wind speed that makes the downward ventilation flow fire wind pressure equal to the fan power is 1.8 m s−1. The stronger the fan capacity, the stronger the ability of the main air path to overcome the resistance of the fire zone and maintain the original state. In the simulation, the most dangerous place when the downward ventilation fire smoke is reversed is the area (weak flow area) in the mine tunnel network where the ventilation power is weaker than the fire wind power. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of emergency plans for mine fire accidents.

Modeling support to acoustic sensing at the surface of Mars

Acoustic propagation in the atmosphere of Mars is the subject of renewed interest since the presence of microphones on the surface of the red planet. The analysis of the recordings collected by the SuperCam microphone of the NASA Perseverance rover has already shown that the acoustic properties of Mars atmosphere do fit the existing models, and so far, the meteorological data have been available. On this basis, classical atmospheric propagation models have been adapted, including the effects of ground, temperature gradient, wind, and turbulence. A sensitivity study is presented, using two configurations that correspond to the main actual sources and propagation paths experienced on Mars : one similar to the point-like pulsed source that is generated by the expansion of the plasma of the LIBS technique, and the other analogue to the tonal low frequency noise emission of the ingenuity drone. Modeling results show to what extend this two configurations can be use to assess ground or atmospheric properties.

Study on Maillard reaction mechanism by quantum chemistry calculation

The Maillard reaction is a high-temperature reaction of amino acids and carbohydrates to produce macromolecular substances such as melanoidins and intermediate reducing ketones, aldehydes, and volatile compounds. At present, only very limited researches involved the reaction mechanisms of Maillard reaction, which causes a lot of confusion in understanding numerous food processes. The detailed calculations of Maillard reaction are urgently needed. The density functional theory (DFT) method (M06-2X/6-311G*) was used to deeply explore the specific mechanism of the primary and intermediate stages of Maillard reaction for a selected model system. The results show that the basic reaction processes in primary stage are the formation of Schiff-base by the condensation of amino and carbonyl groups, and then, Schiff-base tautomerization twice through proton transfer to generate Amadori rearrangement products. In the intermediate stage, two main reaction paths, 1-2 and 2-3 enolization, were comprehensively investigated. The first route finally generates 5-hydroxymethylfurfural through isomerization, dehydration, hydrolysis, elimination, and condensation, and the second route products dicarbonyl compounds through isomerization and elimination and then Strecker degradation forms aldehydes through condensation, decarboxylation, hydrolysis, and elimination. The results show that both paths are involved in complex reactions, some are lower barrier reactions, and some higher barrier reactions. An important aspect is that water catalysis is critical in all of these reactions; it is present in most processes. Our study deepens the understanding of the Maillard reaction from molecular level and facilitate the regulation of some harmful products.