Main Pathological Type Research Articles

MiR-223 enhances the sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells to erlotinib by targeting the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related fatalities worldwide, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main pathological type. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs, which are involved in tumor initiation and progression. miR-223 is a tumor suppressor miRNA that has been reported in various types of cancer, including lung cancer. In the present study, to characterize the biological behavior of miR-223 in NSCLC, we established an miR-223 overexpression model in erlotinib-resistant PC-9 (PC-9/ER) cells by infection with lentivirus to induce the overexpression of miR-223. As a result, miR-223 enhanced the sensitivity of the PC-9/ER cells to erlotinib by inducing apoptosis in vitro. Additionally, in vivo experiments were performed using nude mice which were injected with the cancer cells [either the PC-9 (not resistant), PC-9/ER, or the PC-9/ER cells infected with miR-223)]. We found that the tumor volumes were reduced in the rats injected with the cells infected with miR-223. To further explore the underlying mechanisms, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis were used to identify the target molecules of miR-223. miR-223 was demonstrated to act as a local regulator of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in the acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Notably, the οverexpression of IGF-1R in NSCLC was downregulated by miR-223, and the activation of Akt/S6, the downstream pathway, was also inhibited. The inhibition of IGF-1R by miR-223 was attenuated by exogenous IGF-1 expression. Therefore, miR-223 may regulate the acquired resistance of PC-9/ER cells to erlotinib by targeting the IGF-1R/Akt/S6 signaling pathway. The overexpression of miR-223 may partially reverse the acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor-TKIs, thus, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for TKI-resistant NSCLC.

PD-1/PD-L1 blockades in non-small-cell lung cancer therapy.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in males and the second leading cause of death in females worldwide. Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the main pathological type of lung cancer, and most newly diagnosed NSCLC patients cannot undergo surgery because the disease is already locally advanced or metastatic. Despite chemoradiotherapy and targeted therapy improving clinical outcomes, overall survival remains poor. Immune checkpoint blockade, especially blockade of programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligand PD-L1, achieved robust responses and improved survival for patients with locally advanced/metastatic NSCLC in preclinical and clinical studies. However, with regard to PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint blockade as monotherapy or in combination with other antitumor therapies, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy (including conventional irradiation and stereotactic body radiotherapy), and target therapy, there are still many unknowns in treating patients with NSCLC. Despite this limited understanding, checkpoint blockade as a novel therapeutic approach may change the treatment paradigm of NSCLC in the future. Here we review the main results from completed and ongoing studies to investigate the feasibility of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, as monotherapy or combinatorial agents in patients with locally advanced and metastatic NSCLC, and explore optimal strategy in such patients.

Clinicopathologica Epidemiological Characteristics and Change Tendencies of Renal Cell Carcinoma in Shanxi Province of China from 2005 to 2014.

ObjectivesRCC is the most common solid renal malignancy in adults worldwide. To provide the insight of clinicopathologica epidemiological characteristics and change tendencies of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), 2154 cases were collected from Shanxi Province of China, including diagnose time, age, gender, tumor size, Fuhrman grade, tumor stage, tumor location, local advance or distant metastasis and first symptom from 2005 to 2014. This retrospectively investigation, as its general objective, was to analyze the clinicopathologica epidemiological characteristics and the change tendencies of RCC.MethodsBetween 2005 and 2014, 2154 patients who were diagnosed with RCC in three large tertiary hospitals at Shanxi Province were included. The patients’ demographic features, pathological diagnoses and metastatic statuses were analyzed. Statistics methods include the chi-squared test, analysis of variance, Spearman’s correlation analysis, Logistic regression and ARIMA modeling.ResultsOf the 2154 included patients, the constituent ratio of female /male was 63.1% and 36.9%, with the median age of 57 years old. Fuhrman grade distributions differed significantly between males and females (p = 0.024). Also, a significant difference in tumor size was found by different clinical stages (p < 0.001), with a linear correlation (p < 0.001). Moreover, Spearman’s analysis indicated tumor grade has a negative correlation with female (p = 0.009) and a positive correlation with tumor size (p = 0.000). It was found that the tumor diameter is bigger in the left side (p = 0.022). Furthermore, the metastasis rate was higher in the bigger tumor (p < 0.001) and the left-sided tumors (p = 0.027). Logistic regression also showed that tumor size is a risk factor for metastasis (OR = 1.724). The risk of local advance or distant metastasis in the left kidney was 1.6-fold greater than that of the right kidney. From 2005 to 2014 the number of RCC cases gradually increased (mainly for pathological grade II and III, but grade I and IV), while the average tumor size decreased, showing the severity increase mildly. Base on the results of a time series analysis-prediction the average RCC size would continue to decrease from the first quarter of 2015 to the fourth quarter of 2016.ConclusionsThe cases of RCC increased from 2005 to 2014 with clear cell type as the main pathological type in this population. The characteristics in the constituent ratios of the RCC vary depending on gender, pathological grade, tumor size, and location, which may be the important factors impacting treatment and prognosis.

Progress of the pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is the main pathologic type that causes end-stage kidney diseases and the recurrence after kidney transplantation.So far, the pathogenesis of FSGS is still not entirely clear.However, more and more mutations have been reported on the FSGS, especially on the genetic FSGS.It is clear that podocyte plays an important role in the development of FSGS.At the same time, the role of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in the recurrence after kidney transplantation has become the research focus.This article will make a brief review on the progress of the pathogenesis of FSGS. Key words: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis; Podocyte; Gene; Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor

Clinical and pathological characteristics and the expression of interleukin-6, interleukin-17 and tumor necrosis factor-α in elderly patients with primary nephrotic syndrome

Objective To investigate clinical and pathological characteristics and the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in elderly patients with primary nephrotic syndrome. Methods A total of 75 elderly cases with primary nephrotic syndrome were chosen as the observation group, and 40 healthy elderly persons served as the control group. Fasting serum IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for both groups. Results 67 of the 75 patients received pathological diagnoses, of whom 46 had membranous glomerulonephritis, 5 had focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 5 had mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, 3 had mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, 3 had IgA nephropathy, and the rest included one case for each of the following disorders: glomerular minor lesion, sclerosing glomerulonephritis, diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis, segmental proliferative glomerulonephritis, and minor glomerular lesions. The expression of IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α had statistically significant differences between the two groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the expression of IL-6 and IL-17 between patients with different pathological characteristics, and the expression of TNF-α was higher in membranous glomerulonephritis patients than in patients with other pathological characteristics. Conclusions Membranous glomerulonephritis is the main pathological type in elderly patients with primary nephrotic syndrome. Serum IL-6, IL-17 and most notably TNF-α levels are elevated in patients with membranous glomerulonephritis. Key words: Nephrotic syndrome; Interleukin-6; Interleukin-17; Tumor necrosis factor-αlpha

Study on the clinicopathological characteristics of bilateral breast cancer and the mutation of p53

Objective To investigate the clinical pathologic characteristics and prognosis of bilateral breast cancer, and to determine whether clinical factors is related to p53 gene mutation. Methods Archival material was reviewed from 48 cases of bilateral breast cancar. The clinical and pathological features of bilateral breast cancer were compared and summarized. Immunohistochemical stains for P53 were performed on 33 cases of bilateral breast cancer, 141 cases of unilateral breast cancer were also examined as control. Results The five-year survival rate for bilateral breast cancer patients was 70.5%. The median age when bilatereral breast cancer first dignosed was 47.5 (range from 27 to 69). The median time interval between the first and the subsequent breast cancer diagnosis was 9.5 months. Invasive ductal breast carcinoma was the main pathologic type of bilateral breast cancer. 88.5% of bilateral breast cancer would have the same estrogen receptor (ER) status and 81.8% would have the same human epidermal growth hormone receptor 2 (HER2) status between the first and secondary primary tumors. Mutation p53 was more common among the bilateral breast cancer patients compared with the unilateral breast cancer patients (45.5% vs. 26.2%, χ2=4.711, P=0.030). There was no difference on the overall survival between bilateral breast cancer with p53(+ ) and p53(-)(χ2=0.434, P=0.510). Conclusion The main pathologic type of bilateral breast cancer is invasive ductal breast carcinoma, there is a good match of the ER and HER2 status between the first breast cancer and the contralateral one. Bilateral breast cancer patients have a similar overall survial with the unilateral breast cancer. p53 mutation is more common among bilateral breast cancer patients than those with unilateral breast cancer. Key words: Breast neoplasms; Pathology, clinical; Genes, p53; Second primary

Accuracy of Electronic Health Record Data for Identifying Stroke Cases in Large-Scale Epidemiological Studies: A Systematic Review from the UK Biobank Stroke Outcomes Group.

ObjectiveLong-term follow-up of population-based prospective studies is often achieved through linkages to coded regional or national health care data. Our knowledge of the accuracy of such data is incomplete. To inform methods for identifying stroke cases in UK Biobank (a prospective study of 503,000 UK adults recruited in middle-age), we systematically evaluated the accuracy of these data for stroke and its main pathological types (ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage), determining the optimum codes for case identification.MethodsWe sought studies published from 1990-November 2013, which compared coded data from death certificates, hospital admissions or primary care with a reference standard for stroke or its pathological types. We extracted information on a range of study characteristics and assessed study quality with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Studies tool (QUADAS-2). To assess accuracy, we extracted data on positive predictive values (PPV) and—where available—on sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive values (NPV).Results37 of 39 eligible studies assessed accuracy of International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-coded hospital or death certificate data. They varied widely in their settings, methods, reporting, quality, and in the choice and accuracy of codes. Although PPVs for stroke and its pathological types ranged from 6–97%, appropriately selected, stroke-specific codes (rather than broad cerebrovascular codes) consistently produced PPVs >70%, and in several studies >90%. The few studies with data on sensitivity, specificity and NPV showed higher sensitivity of hospital versus death certificate data for stroke, with specificity and NPV consistently >96%. Few studies assessed either primary care data or combinations of data sources.ConclusionsParticular stroke-specific codes can yield high PPVs (>90%) for stroke/stroke types. Inclusion of primary care data and combining data sources should improve accuracy in large epidemiological studies, but there is limited published information about these strategies.

Clinical and Pathological Analysis of 9 Patients with Primary Breast Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma

To explore the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of primary breast diffuse large B- cell lymphoma (PBDLBCL). Clinical records of 9 PBDLBCL patients treated in Department of Hematology of Yijishan Hospital Affiliated to Wannan Medical College from August 2001 to January 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. All of the 9 patients were female, with an average age of 48 years (range 28 to 75), 8 cases had unilateral breast tumors and 1 case had bilateral. According to the Ann Arbor stage standard, 2 cases were of stage IE and 7 were IIE. None of them was concurrent with B symptoms; 6 cases had IPI (International prognostic Index) score 0 and 3 had score 1. 2 cases belonged to germinal center B cells type (GCB) and 7 belonged to non-GCB. Double-Hit lymphomas were presented in 3 cases. Out of 9 cases, 3 cases were diagnosed by using tubular needle biopsy, 5 cases were diagnosed by using resection of breast mass, and 1 case was diagnosed by using modified radical mastectomy. 1 case received radical mastectomy, 1 case received unilateral breast removal, 1 case gave up, 1 case received mass excision with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, 5 cases received mass excision with chemotherapy and 1 case received central prophylaxis. A complete response (CR) was observed in 6 cases after first-line chemotherapy. The median follow-up time was 18 months (range 0.1 to 150), 3 cases relapsed and 5 cases died. PBDLBCL mostly occurs in female. The main pathological type is non-GCB coupled with Double-Hit lymphoma. Tubular needle biopsy offers benifit in the diagnosis of PBL, R-CHOP or R-CHOP combined with chemotherapy/radiotherapy produce best outcome among all the treatments. Intrathecal injection of chemotherapy drugs may help to prevent recurrence of PBL central.

Pathway crosstalk analysis of microarray gene expression profile in human hepatocellular carcinoma.

Liver cancer is the third most common cause of cancer death in the world. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main pathological types in liver cancer, which amounts to 70-85 % of primary liver cancer in the world and 90 % in China. The aim of this study was to establish a PPI network and a pathway crosstalk network to isolate important dysfunctional pathways which play an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC. System biology approach was used in this research. A PPI network was firstly built and then a dysfunctional crosstalk network of HCC related pathways was constructed. Several important significant dysfunctional crosstalk pathways were identified. Basal transcription factors (hsa03022), Glycerophospholipid metabolism (hsa00564) and Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 (hsa00980) were significantly interact with Pathway in cancer (hsa05200). Besides, pathway Axon guidance (hsa04360) was also dysfunctional crosstalk with Pathway in cancer (hsa05200). The crosstalks among these pathways reveal some evidence that the pathways closely cooperated and play important tasks in HCC progression. Besides, the pathway hsa04360 dysfunctional crosstalk with the hsa05200 indicates there would be a same mechanism for HCC invasion and migration.

Analysis of Pathological data of renal biopsy at one single center in China from 1987 to 2012

Background In China, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease has increased significantly. Many studies shows that the spectrum of kidney disease had changed in recent years. We retrospectively analyzed the pathological types of renal biopsy and its spectrum change at the General Hospital of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army from December 1987 to December 2012, in order to offer new supporting evidences for further specifying the distribution of renal pathological types in China. Methods According to the “Revised Protocol for the Histological Typing of Glomerulopathy” (WHO, 1995), pathological diagnosis of renal biopsy was classified, detection rate of each pathological type was summarized (i.e., percentage of total renal biopsy cases), study period was divided at an interval of 5 years, and age-stratified distribution change of main pathological types was analyzed. Results The proportion of pathological types in 11 618 cases of renal biopsy was as follows: primary glomerulonephritis (PGN, 70.7%), secondary glomerulonephritis (SGN, 20.7%), tubular-interstitial nephropathy (4.0%), hereditary/rare nephropathy (0.3%), end-stage renal disease (0.9%), and unclassified renal disease (3.3%). Among PGN, there was IgA nephropathy (IgAN, 37.0%), membranous nephropathy (MN, 11.8%), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN, 8.9%), minimal change disease (MCD, 6.6%), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (3.9%). Among SGN there was lupus nephritis (LN, 5.5%), Henoch-Schönlein purpura glomerulonephritis (5.3%), hepatitis B virus-associated nephritis (HBVAN, 3.03%), diabetic nephropathy (2.2%), and hypertension/malignant hypertension-associated renal damage (1.9%). Pathological data were analyzed from 1987-1992 to 2008-2012 (after age adjustment). Detection rate of IgAN tended to rise (P &lt;0.001). Detection rates of MN and MCD rose significantly (P &lt;0.001), but detection rate of MsPGN dropped significantly (P &lt;0.001). Among SGN, detection rate of HBVAN tended to drop (P &lt;0.001). Conclusion In China, PGN was the most common glomerulopathy (mostly IgAN), LN was the most common SGN, and detection rate of MN and MCD rose significantly.

Endoscopic and clinical analysis of primary T‐cell lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract according to pathological subtype

Little is known about the clinicopathological characteristics of primary gastrointestinal T-cell lymphomas (PGITL). This study evaluated the clinical and endoscopic features of the pathological subtypes of PGITL. Forty-two lesions in 36 patients with PGITL were assessed, including 15 enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphomas (EATL), 13 peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL), 10 NK/T-cell lymphomas (NK/TL), and four anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL). PTCL occurred more frequently in the stomach and duodenum and NK/TL more frequently in the small and large intestines (P = 0.009). The endoscopic features of the four subtypes were similar (P = 0.124). Fifteen of 41 lesions (36.6%) were Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) positive, with NK/TL more likely to be EBV positive than the other types (P < 0.001). First endoscopy and first computed tomography (CT) scan indicated that 65.4% and 51.4% of the lesions, respectively, were malignant, and that 43.2% and 42.3%, respectively, were GI lymphomas. The two modalities together correctly diagnosed about half of the lesions before biopsy. Intestinal perforation was associated with small bowel location (P < 0.001) and infiltrative type (P = 0.009), and was more common in NK/TL than in the other subtypes (P = 0.015). Multivariate analysis showed that higher international prognosis index (P = 0.008) and the presence of complications (P = 0.006) were associated with poor prognosis. Survival was poorer in patients with small bowel lesions than with lesions at other locations (P = 0.048). The four main pathological types of PGITL differed in clinical characteristics. As PGITL was often not diagnosed by initial endoscopic or radiological examination, a high index of suspicion is necessary to ensure its early diagnosis.

Pathological feature and immunoprofile of cystitis glandularis accompanied with upper urinary tract obstruction.

Objective. To explore the pathological feature and immunoprofile of immunoprofile accompanied with upper urinary tract obstruction and the immunoprofile in various types of glandular cystitis. Methods. Pathological sections from 31 cases of cystitis glandularis with upper urinary tract obstruction and 34 cases of cystitis glandularis without upper urinary tract obstruction were observed as pathological feature on microscopy. Meanwhile, an immunohistochemical analysis was employed to determine the expression of p53, Ki67, p21, MMP-9, MUC1, MUC2, and COX-2. Results. In the two groups, main pathological type was transitional epithelial, followed by intestinal epithelial; other types were a few, and the difference between the two groups was not significant. All immunohistochemical expressions of p53, Ki67, p21, MMP-9, MUC1, MUC2, and COX-2 were positive in varying degrees, and there was no significant difference between the groups. Transitional epithelial type was compared with mixed type; the difference of COX-2 was significant, P < 0.05. The differences of immunohistochemical expression among other different pathologic types were not significant. Conclusions. It is suggested that glandular cystitis accompanied with upper urinary tract obstruction shares the same pathological feature and immunoprofile as that without upper urinary tract obstruction. No significant differences of immunohistochemical expression in tissue are in cystitis glandularis with different pathological types.

English

Numerous studies on Ultrasonographic (US) findings of Thyroid malignancy have been conducted (1-6). The main pathologic types of thyroid carcinoma are papillary, follicular, medullary, and anaplastic. Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas both have an excellent prognosis, with a 20-year survival of 90%-95% and 75%, respectively (7-9). Medullary thyroid carcinoma is more aggressive, with a 10-year survival of 42%-90% (10-11). Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma has an extremely poor prognosis, with a 5-year survival of 5% (10-11). Risk factors for thyroid carcinoma include age of less than 20 years or more than 60 years, a history of neck irradiation, and a family history of thyroid cancer (11.).Thyroid lymphoma, usually of the non-Hodgkin type, is uncommon. It may occur as part of generalized lymphoma or as a primary tumor, usually in the setting of Hashimoto thyroiditis. Metastases to the thyroid are rare and usually originate from primary lung, breast, and renal cell carcinomas. Metastatic disease should be suspected when a solid thyroid nodule is found in a patient with a known non-thyroid malignancy. AIMS & OBJECTIVE: In this study we planned to differentiate different type of thyroid malignancies based on Ultrasonography from one another due their different prognosis. MATERIAL & METHOD: We took 120 patients showing palpable neck masses out of which 40 patients were found to have malignant neoplasm of Thyroid gland. Further differentiation of different type of Thyroid neoplasm was done by Ultrasonography. RESULT: Out of 40 malignant neoplasm, 24 patients had papillary carcinoma and 4 patients had medullary carcinoma Thyroid. Rest 16 patients were kept in other type of thyroid malignancies. CONCLUSION: We concluded our study with the fact that just keeping the patient under category of thyroid neoplasm is just not sufficient, rather we should be able to differentiate each type of thyroid malignancy from one another due to different prognosis of each type.

Value of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiobiopsy in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice

Objective To investigate the value of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiobiopsy (PTCB) in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice.Methods The clinical data of 826 patients with obstructive jaundice who received PTCB at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from April 2001 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.The pathological results,positive rates of PTCB and complications were analyzed.The safety and efficacy of PTCB and the pathological features of malignancy causing obstructive jaundice were summarized.The difference in the positive rates of PTCB for biliary and non-biliary malignancies was analyzed by chi-square test.Results A total of 826 patients received PTCB,and the success rate was 100％.Eighty-six patients had complications postoperatively,including transit bilhaemia in 47 patients,bile leakage in 11 patients,temporary biliary hemorrhage in 28 patients,no severe complications occurred.There were 740 patients were with malignant biliary stricture and 86 with benign biliary stricture.Seven Hundred and twenty-seven patients were with positive results of PTCB (641 were with cancerous stricture and 86 with inflammation of biliary tract or fibrogenesis),and 99 patients were with false negative results.The overall positive rate of PTCB was 88.01％ (727/826).Malignant neoplasm accounted for 89.59％ (740/826) of the factors causing obstructive jaundice,and well-,moderate-and poor-differentiated neoplasms were accounted for 57.88％ (371/641),19.97％ (128/641) and 22.15％ (142/641).Biliary adenocarcinoma was the main pathologic type,which was accounted for 96.41％ (618/641).The positive rates of PTCB for biliary and non-biliary neoplasms were 89.50％ (469/524)and 79.63％ (172/216),with significant difference (x2 =12.87,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions PTCB is a safe,feasible and easy way to diagnose obstructive jaundice.Biliary neoplasms are the best indications for PTCB.Well differentiated neoplasm is the main pathological type causing the obstructive jaundice. Key words: Obstructive jaundice ; Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography ; Pathological examination ; Biopsy

Clinicopathological analysis of primary nephrotic syndrome in children based on 28 years renal biopsy data: a single center

Objective To analyze the relationship between pathology and clinical features and the changing tendency of pathologic constitution in children with primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS). Methods A retrospective study was done at pediatric renal biopsy database of the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University starting from Jan.1984 to Dec.2011.All of these patients were diagnosed as PNS and under 14 years old.The cases were categorized into 3 periods: period 1(1984 to 1991), period 2(1992 to 2001), and period 3(2002 to 2011). Results A total of 363 patients were investigated in this study.Renal pathology revealed that there were 168(46.3%) patients with minimal change disease(MCD), 77 cases(21.2%) with focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS), 76 cases(20.9%) with mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis(MsPGN), 14 cases(3.9%) with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(MPGN), 12 cases(3.3%) with membranous glomerulopathy(MN), 3 cases(0.8%) with chronic sclerosing glomerulonephritis(CSGN), 2 cases(0.6%) with crescentic glomerulonephritis(CrGN) and other 11 cases(3.0%). Two hundred and five cases(56.5%) showed simple NS and 64.9% of them were MCD.One hundred and fifty-eight cases(43.5%) showed nephritic NS in which the most common pathological type was MsPGN(36.4%) in the second period and FSGS(39.6%) in the third period.There were 180 cases(49.6%) that frequently relapse with NS(FRNS) and 49(13.5%) steroid-dependent NS(SDNS). MCD(62.2%) occupied the largest proportion of FR/SDNS, followed by MsPGN(13.3%)and FSGS(13.3%). One hundred and seventy-two cases(47.4%) showed steroid resistant(SR) and 54.1%(93/172 cases) of them were primary steroid resistant(PSR). No significant difference was found between pathological type of PSRNS and secondary steroid resistant NS(SSRNS)(P>0.05). The most common pathological type of SRNS was MsPGN(41.5%) in period 2 and FSGS(41.5%) in period 3.There was no immune complex present in 108 cases(29.8%) in which the main pathological type was MCD(63.9%). Ninety-six cases(26.4%) mainly presented with IgM, of which 47.9% were SRNS and 37.5% were SD/FRNS. Conclusions The main pathological types are MCD, MsPGN and FSGS in children's PNS.There is a relationship between clinic and pathology.FSGS cases have been increasing while MsPGN cases have been decreasing in recent 20 years.It is advised to perform the renal biopsy early for nephritic NS, SD/FRNS and SRNS and repeat the biopsy if necessary. Key words: Nephrotic syndrome, primary; Renal biopsy; Pathology; Child

Study on the characteristics of optic nerve meningiomas in medical imageology,histopathology and immunohistochemistry

To determine the characteristics of optic nerve meningiomas in medical imageology (including CT and MRI), histopathology and immunohistochemical expression of Vimentin, CK, S-100, EMA in tumor cells. This was a retrospective study on a serial of clinical cases. Forty-eight cases were collected from the past 21 years at the Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University. All the cases underwent surgery and were confirmed as optic nerve meningiomas by histopathological test, including paraffin imbedded sectioning and HE staining. In addition, all the cases had medical records on CT and 17 cases had MIR scan. Immunohistochemical staining for VIMENTIN, CK, S-100, EMA was performed in the 21 cases. Characteristics of the CT scan include that, in 39 cases, among them 26 cases the tumors filled in the orbit especially at the orbital apex, which led to the disappearance of the black triangle. Three cases showed enlargement and calcification of optic nerve and therefore train track sign was seen. Three cases showed that the masses of optic nerve were close to the globe and another three cases showed that the masses were located in the peripheral orbit. Thirteen of 17 cases MRI disclosed the big orbital tumors and 5 cases could better show tumor extension to optic cross or intracranium. Histopathological tests demonstrated meningothelial or syncytial type in 39 cases, transitional or mixing type in 8 cases, fiber or fibroblast type in 3 cases and vascular type in 2 cases. Immunohistochemistry study verified the positive staining rate of VIMENTIN as 90.5%(21 cases), EMA 66.7%(15 cases), CK 42.8%(9 cases) and S-100 23.8%(5 cases), respectively. Characteristics of CT and MRI include enlargement and tumor-like expansion of optic nerve. Most of the tumors reach to orbital apex and show uneven density. Calcification may occur in the tumor. The main pathological type of the tumors is meningothelial. Positive immunohistochemiscal staining for VIMENTIN and EMA may be helpful in diagnosis.

Clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of 216 cases with primary gastrointestinal tract non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

To investigate the clinicopathological features of primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (PGI-NHL) and their prognostic values. The clinical and pathological data of 216 patients diagnosed as PGI-NHL from Zhejiang Cancer Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. χ² test, log-liner model analysis, COX proportional hazard regression analysis and Life-table survival analysis were used to analyze the survival status of the patients by SAS 8.2 software, and Log-rank test was performed to couple the overall survival rates with different prognostic factors. Totally, the age of onset was 8 to 89 years with the median age of 56.5 years. Male versus female was 1.27∶1(121∶95). The most frequently involved location was stomach (147 cases, 68.1%), followed by ileocecus (25 cases, 11.6%), large intestine (20 cases, 9.3%), small intestine (17 cases, 7.9%) and multiple GI involvement (5 cases, 2.3%). 182 cases were classified as B cell lymphomas, 22 cases as T cell lymphomas, and 12 cases not classified exactly due to insufficient data. The 3-year and 5-year survival rates of the patients were 69.4% and 53.3%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that age＞60 years, ECOG≥2, high LDH level, stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ, IPI≥2, T cell type and intestinal involvement were predictors for poor prognosis. IPI≥2, T cell type and intestinal involvement were independent adverse predictors for prognosis by multiple COX proportional hazard regression analysis. Among different treatment groups, cases received chemotherapy combined with local radiotherapy gained the best survival status. B-cell lymphoma was the main pathological type in PGI-NHL; IPI≥2, T-cell type and intestinal involvement are independent adverse predictors for prognosis; chemotherapy combined with local radiotherapy might be the choice of approach for advanced stage and aggressive PGI-HNL.

Correlations between the Mammographic Features of Triple-Negative and Triple-Positive Breast Cancer

Purpose:To comparative analyze the mammographic findings and clinical characteristics of triple negative breast cancer (estrogen receptor [ER] negative, progesterone receptor [PR] negative, and human epidermal growth factor receptor2 [HER2] negative) and triple positive breast cancer (ER positive, PR positive, and HER2 positive). Materials and Methods: The immunohistochemistry results of 174 cases of TNBC and 97 cases of TPBC were reviewed. All of the patients had undergone mammography. Retrospectively evaluate the visibility, morphology, distribution and size of the lesions (masses and calcifications) and breast density on mammography of TNBC, and to compare with those of TPBC. The age onset and pathologic type were also reviewed. Results: TNBC more frequently presented as merely a mass (95/150[63.3%]) than TPBC (34/88 [38.6%]) (P&lt;0.01). TNBC were less frequently associated with microcalcifications (33/150[22%]) than were TPBC (39/88 [44.3%]) (P&lt;0.01). Mammographic density and lesion visibility were similar between the two immunophenotypes. The mean age of TNBC (52[32~87]) was older than that of TPBC (48[26~68]) (P=0.002). Infiltrating ductal carcinoma was the main pathologic type of both groups. Basal-like breast cancer accounted for 47.7% (83/174) of TNBC but didnt express in TPBC (0/97). Conclusion: The mammographic features of TNBC that lesions showed merely a mass with obscured margins, and less associated with microcalcifications might be useful to diagnose triple negative breast cancer.

Primary Bone Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma Presenting with Spinal Cord Compression: A Case Report

Primary bone lymphoma is a rare disease, and the main pathological type is diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The occurrence of follicular, marginal zone and lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas is rare. Vertebras are also sites that can be affected, and spinal cord compression is reported in 14% of patients with vertebral involvement. However, there is no report on primary vertebral lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with spinal cord compression. The present report presents one case of primary vertebral lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with spinal cord compression and increased serum and urine λ light chain, without an elevated heavy chain of immunoglobulin.Conflict of interest:None declared.

Abstract P3-11-04: Male breast cancer: Overall survival in a single institution.

Abstract Background: Male breast cancer is an uncommon disease and the therapy is mainly based on what is know from female breast cancer. Objective: To investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics of male breast cancer and the overall survival in a single institution. Methods: The clinical data and survival status of 75 male breast cancer treated in a Brazilian public cancer hospital from 2000 to 2009 were collected. The association with clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier curves and the Cox proportional hazards regression (enter method) was used to assess survival differences after adjusting for confounders. The study was approved by National Cancer Institute Research and Ethics Committee (number 128/11). Results: The median patient age was 64 years (range 33–86). Estrogen receptor (ER) was positive in 58 (77.3%) patients, while progesterone receptor (PR) were positive in 47 (62.7%). Histology type was ductal infiltrant carcinoma for 57 (76.0%) and 51 (68.0%) patients underwent surgery. The median follow-up period was 43,1 months (range 2.7–147.8). The median survival from the diagnosis of breast cancer was 97.0 months (95%CI 53.6 −140.4) with a 61.7% 5-year overall survival (OS). In the final Cox regression model, independent factors associated with increased risk of death were metastasis at diagnosis (HR = 18.1; 95%CI: 5.9–55.2), ≥ 65 years old (HR = 4.3; 95%CI: 1.7–10.5); tumor stages ≥ IIb (HR = 3.5; 95%CI: 1.3–9.7) and smoking (HR = 1.6; 95%CI: 1.04–2.6). Conclusions: Invasive ductal carcinoma is the main pathologic type. The median survival from the diagnosis of breast cancer was 97.0 months and metastasis at diagnosis, patient age, tumor stage and smoking are independent prognostic factors. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-11-04.