Main Principle Of Operation Research Articles

Строительство автомобильных дорог на основе 3D-моделей

The article discusses the main operation principles of automatic machine control systems for road construction. Speсial attention is paid to ways of obtaining a source data, needed for such systems (3D road models). Also it considers advantages of using 3D machine control systems as well as difficulties of their introduction and operation.

Smart grids: energising the future

Electrical power systems are the backbone of industry, society and current civilisation. Power engineers have accumulated the necessary skills and procedures, to enable them to operate the system in the most reliable way possible. The main principles of system operation have not changed much, despite the rapid developments in power electronics, computing, information and communication technologies. This paper surveys existing power networks and their limits in meeting modern developments and environmental concerns. There is an evaluation of the impacts of deployment of new low carbon technologies such as distributed generation and electric vehicles on existing networks, together with the main drivers for change and features of the new concept of the ‘smart grid’. The paper also examines the challenges and benefits that the ‘smart grid’ will bring, and describes the enabling technologies.

Use of mine planning software for the evaluation of resources and reserves of a sedimentary nickel deposit

The use of mine planning software in the evaluation of deposits and estimation of mineral resources and reserves has become widespread and is considered a prerequisite for the reporting of reserves according to international reporting standards and codes. The main principles of operation and application of these codes are transparency of reported material, the relevance of reported information (materiality) and the competence of people involved in producing the reports. The application of specialised mine planning software described in this paper currently takes place at operational mines of sedimentary nickel deposits in Central Evia, Greece. It involves all stages of processing of exploration data including entry, analysis, processing and modelling of data, geostatistical estimation of quantities and qualities of mineral resources and mineral reserves, and the design, optimisation and scheduling of mining operations.

New electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries (Review)

The main principles of operation of modern lithium-ion batteries and the modern trends in development of new-generation batteries are described.

Analysis of the characteristics of external combustion heat engine by computer simulation

The article is about the mathematical model, which is used for development of a computer model of the heat engine with external combustion. Computer simulation allowed to establish main principles of heat engine operation and make the analysis of the impact of changes on its characteristics and develop variant of the engine design.

The transnational territorial transport system of the Baltic Region

In this paper we focus on the structure and territorial borders of the Baltic Sea region, and examine the key structural elements of the transnational territorial transport system. In this respect, we clarify some terms used in transport geography. For the first time the transport system gets territorially localized, which allows for a broad range of new studies of transnational transportation in the Baltic Sea area. We also identify the main principles of development and operation of international territorial transport systems and present them taking the Baltic Sea region as an example. Our findings, we hope, will have a great practical application for researchers of transport geography, especially those studying international logistics.

Basal Ganglia Circuits: What's Now and Next?

Basal Ganglia Circuits: What's Now and Next?

ChemInform Abstract: Shell‐Based Support Structures for Nb3Sn Accelerator Quadrupole Magnets

AbstractReview: 19 refs.

Conceive and Design of a Six Dimensional Signals Acquisition Device

For most transducers, the two kinds of displacement and angular variants can not be captured at the same time. While for the unrestricted object, it often translates and rotates synchronously. For some important or special application fields, it is becoming more and more important to find a way to acquire all the six motion signals concurrently. Based on the parallel robot technology, a novel type of this kind of device is brought forth. It is composed of the end-effector, the stationary platform, and six sub-chains. It can translate along and rotate around any one of the three axes. Main structure and operation principle of this device are both described and analyzed. Measurement circuit system is designed and how to handle the twelve input signals is also explained. Finally the program flowchart and simulation examples are given.

Terahertz and Infrared Receivers Based on Thin-Film Superconducting Nanostructures

This work presents the results of the development and fabrication of sensitive and ultrafast detectors based on thinfilm superconducting nanostructures: hot-electron bolometers (HEBs) and visible and infrared superconducting singephoton detectors (SSPDs). The main operational principles of the superconducting devices are presented as well as the technology of fabrication of the detectors and their main types and parameters. The achieved record parameters of the detectors allow application of the fabricated devices to solution of various research problems in the near, middle and far IR ranges

Application of a HACCP–QMRA approach for managing the impact of climate change on food quality and safety

Abstract The work presented focuses on predictive modelling for estimating the risk to consumers due to consumption of food contaminated with Specific Foodborne Pathogens (SFP) or estimating the remaining shelf life of the product. An approach based on integration of the existing Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) approach with the Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment (QMRA) is presented which is developed as part of the Chill-On EC FP6 research project. The paper describes the main principles of operation of the system and introduces elements of practical implementation and operation of the HACCP system combined with QMRA as well as a Shelf Life Predictor (SLP). The possibility for managing the impact of climate change by using HACCP–QMRA–SLP in supply chains is discussed.

Asymmetrical and nonsinusoidal operation modes of multipulse rectifiers

The effect of the asymmetrical and nonsinusoidal character of the supply main on operation of multipulse rectifiers of the orthogonal voltage system is considered. The investigation is based on the technique of determining the shape of the rectified voltage and the supply main current, which takes into account the asymmetrical and nonsinusoidal character of the power main voltages and principles of operation of the converters under analysis. These investigations allow one to reveal the most optimal rectifier designs depending on the required quality of electric energy.

Generation IV nuclear energy systems and the need of accurate nuclear data

To satisfy the world's demand of energy, constantly increasing over the years, a suitable mix of different energy sources has to be envisaged. In this scenario, an important role may be played by nuclear energy, provided that major safety, waste and proliferation issues affecting current nuclear reactors are satisfactorily addressed. In this respect, a large effort is under way since a few years towards the development of advanced nuclear systems that would use more efficiently the uranium resources, and produce a minimal amount of long-lived nuclear waste. The main activity concerns Generation IV reactors, with full or partial waste recycling capability. Their design requires R&D in numerous fields. Among the different needs, it is of fundamental importance to improve the knowledge of basic nuclear data, such as cross-sections for neutron-induced reactions on actinides. The main characteristics and principle of operation of the new generation nuclear systems are here described, together with the related needs of new and accurate nuclear data. Finally, an example of activity currently undergoing in the field is shown, with the recent experimental results obtained at the neutron facility n_TOF at CERN.

An Expert Software for Multi-Layer Coatings Design in Surface Engineering

For the first time, a unique expert system able to give assistance to designers in surface engineering has been built. Not only is this software able to provide multi-layer coating solutions, but it is also able to rank different solutions according to their technico-economical interest. In addition to its ability to solve corrosion and wear concerns, it is also able to deal with surface finishing properties (like brightness, weldability, electrical conductivity, biocompatibility, …). This paper describes the structure of this expert system together with its main operation principles and future developments.

Theoretical model of a planar integrated refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon-polariton excitation with a long period grating

A theoretical model of a new integrated planar surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) refractive index sensor with a long period grating (LPG) is presented and comprehensively investigated. The main principle of operation of this device is based on high-efficiency energy transfer between a p-polarized guided mode propagating in a waveguide layer of the structure and copropagating SPP supported by a metal layer separated from the waveguide layer by a buffer. The high-efficiency energy transfer is realized by means of a properly designed LPG imprinted in the waveguide and buffer layers. This device is compact and free from any moving parts and can be easily integrated into any planar scheme. Our simulations are based on the coupled-mode theory and done at the well-developed and commercialized telecom wavelengths in the 1500 nm window.

A Compact Integrated Planar-Waveguide Refractive-Index Sensor Based on a Corrugated Metal Grating

In this paper, a theoretical model of a new planar integrated surface plasmon-polariton (SPP)-excitation-based refractive-index sensor is presented and comprehensively investigated. The main principle of operation of this device is based on energy transfer by means of a corrugated metal grating between a p-polarized guided mode propagating in a waveguide layer and the SPP propagating in the opposite direction in a metal layer. The corrugated grating is engraved in the metal layer in contact with the sensed medium. This device is free from any moving parts and can be simply integrated into any planar-waveguide system. Our sensor simulations are based on the transfer-matrix method with the mode-matching technique and have been performed at commercialized telecom wavelengths.

Theoretical model of a planar integrated refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon-polariton excitation

A theoretical model of a new integrated planar surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) refractive index sensor is presented and comprehensively investigated. The main principle of operation of this device is based on high efficiency energy transfer between a p-polarized guided mode propagating in a waveguide layer of the structure and the SPP propagating in the opposite direction in a metal layer separated from the waveguide layer by a dielectric buffer. The high efficiency energy transfer is realised by means of a properly designed Bragg grating imprinted in the waveguide layer. This device is compact, free from any moving parts and can easily be integrated into any planar scheme. Our simulations for the sensor operating at the well developed and commercialised telecom wavelengths are based on coupled mode theory.

Novel fiber Bragg grating assisted plasmon-polariton for bio-medical refractive-index sensors

A theoretical model for a novel refractive index fiber sensor based on the specific properties of the surface plasmon-polariton (SPP) is proposed and comprehensively investigated. The main principle of operation of this new device is based on the energy transfer between the fiber waveguide mode and the SPP provided by a properly designed short-period fiber Bragg grating imprinted into a waveguide fiber layer of a specially designed optical fiber. The waveguide layer is a dielectric layer of the fiber with the highest refractive index. Our simulations are based on coupled mode theory and performed for telecom wavelength range.

Modeling of plasmon-polariton refractive-index hollow core fiber sensors assisted by a fiber Bragg grating

The theoretical model of a new hollow core fiber sensor based on the specific properties of the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) excited with a fiber Bragg grating is proposed and comprehensively investigated. The main principle of operation of this new device is based on the efficient energy transfer between the fiber waveguide mode (FWM) and the SPP provided by a properly designed short-period fiber Bragg grating imprinted into a waveguide fiber layer of a specially designed hollow core optical fiber. The waveguide fiber layer is the dielectric layer of the fiber with the highest refractive index. The FWM is a fiber mode oscillating in this layer and exponentially decaying in all other fiber layers. Presented for the cylindrical (fiber) geometry, the scheme without loss of generality can be applied to the planar geometry. The simulations are based on the coupled mode theory and performed for well-developed telecom wavelength ranges.

An expert system concept for diagnosis and monitoring of gas turbine combustion chambers

In this paper, the main principles of operation, the conceptual design and the development of an expert system for fault diagnosis and monitoring of gas turbine combustion chambers are presented. The concept of the gas turbine chamber expert system is based on the monitoring of the spatial and temporal distribution of the heat flux inside the combustion chamber and the simultaneous comparison of respective readings of diagnostic variables with values obtained through numerical model simulation of different situations which lead to the malfunction of combustion chamber and deterioration of its performance. The demonstration of the expert system will be performed at the VTI (All Union Energy Institute, Russia) gas turbine combustion chamber test facility.