Main Non-communicable Diseases Research Articles

Common risk factors for major noncommunicable disease, a systematic overview of reviews and commentary: the implied potential for targeted risk reduction.

Noncommunicable disease now contributes to the World Health Organization top 10 causes of death in low-, middle- and high-income countries. Particular examples include stroke, coronary heart disease, dementia and certain cancers. Research linking clinical and lifestyle risk factors to increased risk of noncommunicable disease is now well established with examples of confirmed risk factors, including smoking, physical inactivity, obesity and hypertension. However, despite a need to target our resources to achieve risk reduction, relatively little work has examined the overlap between the risk factors for these main noncommunicable diseases. Our high-level review draws together the evidence in this area. Using a systematic overview of reviews, we demonstrate the likely commonality of established risk factors having an impact on multiple noncommunicable disease outcomes. For example, systematic reviews of the evidence on physical inactivity and poor diet found each to be associated with increased risk of cancers, coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes mellitus and dementia. We highlight the potential for targeted risk reduction to simultaneously impact multiple noncommunicable disease areas. These relationships now need to be further quantified to allow the most effective development of public health interventions in this area.

The economic burden of main non-communicable diseases in the Russian Federation in 2016

The economic burden of main non-communicable diseases in the Russian Federation in 2016

National accountability and response for noncommunicable diseases in the United Arab Emirates

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) remain significant health and developmental challenge in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The four main NCDs accounted for 77% of all deaths in UAE and 17% of premature deaths (30–70 years). The UAE National Agenda 2021 reflects high-level political commitment demonstrating strong leadership to address the national challenge and meet the global commitments providing a clear roadmap to guide planning, implementation, multisectoral response, and accountability for NCD Prevention and Control. This paper, therefore, aims to present the national response to NCD highlighting the strong leadership of the government at the highest level in the UAE, together with multisectoral engagements, thus establishing a national accountability framework.

The Global Burden of Cardiovascular Disease in Women

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, accounting for one third of all deaths in 2015. Alarmingly, there has been slowing of the decline in age-standardized CVD mortality over the last 5years compared to the previous 25years. Given the increasing global CVD burden, in 2011, the United Nations declared the goal to reduce premature mortality from the four main non-communicable diseases by 25% from 2010 to 2025, abbreviated as the 25 × 25 goal. The United Nations has further created nine targets to achieve the 25 × 25 goal. These targets emphasize risk factor modification and strengthening of healthcare delivery systems. Achieving the nine targets and 25 × 25 goal set by the United Nations will undoubtedly benefit the world as a whole. However, women face additional, unacceptable, disproportionate CVD risk factors that need to be addressed, including psychological stressors contributing to ischemic heart disease, pregnancy-related CVD, environmental and infectious exposures in low socioeconomic settings, and limited healthcare access and delivery. This paper highlights global CVD gender disparities in order to stimulate awareness and discussion of potential interventions to address the rapidly growing burden of heart disease in women.

Prevalence of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases among rural women in Yemen

<h3>Objective</h3> The objective of this study was to expand the evidence base on the prevalence of risk factors for the main noncommunicable diseases (such as diabetes mellitus, blood pressure, and obesity) among rural women in Yemen. <h3>Methods</h3> A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 450 rural women in the age range from 18 to 60 years who presented in the targeted health centers of Sana’a and Al-Mahweet governorates during the time of the study. Data were collected by a structured questionnaire developed as per World Health Organization STEPS guidelines. Body mass index, blood pressure, and biochemical measurements of fasting blood glucose were recorded. <h3>Results</h3> Ninety-four percent of the respondents were physically inactive. Only 3.5% of respondents were smokers, while 66.3% were qat chewers. Forty-seven percent watched TV. Thirty-nine percent of respondents ate vegetables daily, while 19.5% consumed fruits daily. Among the respondents, 31.3% were obese, 15.0% were hypertensive, and 7.8% had diabetes mellitus. Age group, marital status, and education level were significantly associated with obesity, blood pressure, and diabetes mellitus. There were significant associations between obesity and blood pressure, as well as between blood pressure and diabetes mellitus. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Frequent campaigns and educational programs are to be encouraged for the adoption of healthy lifestyle practices and health promotion. <h3>Significance statement</h3> Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) morbidity and death are increasing rapidly, particularly among developing countries, including Yemen. Information on risk factors predicts the future burden of diseases. The results of this study will complement the limited knowledge of the existing interactions between sociodemographic characteristics, behavior, and noncommunicable diseases among rural women in Yemen. It will also be a fundamental starting point for health planning and execution of health promotion interventions.

Scaling up action on the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of death worldwide. They are responsible for approximately 68% of global mortality each year, with cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases being the four main NCD killers. It is estimated that annually, 16 million people die prematurely (before the age of 70) as a result of NCD. The majority of NCD deaths (74%) occur in low- and middle-income countries, where this public health crisis is especially challenging due to severe social and economic conditions already faced.

Trend of premature mortality from chronic and non-communicable diseases in Tianjin, 1999-2015

Objective: To explore the trends and distribution of premature mortality caused by four main non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes in different sex and residential areas in Tianjin so as to provide basis for setting up prevention and control programs on premature mortality. Methods: Population data on premature mortality in 1999-2015 were from the 'Tianjin population based mortality surveillance system' maintained by Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Data related to permanent residents was from the Tianjin Municipal Public Security Bureau. Standardized premature mortality rates were calculated and adjusted for age and gender according to the '2000 world standard population'. Premature mortality probabilities were analyzed according to the methods recommended by WHO. Joinpoint regression and Cochran-Armitage trend methods were used to determine the significance of differences on the trends of mortality. Results: From 1999 to 2015, the premature mortality appeared consistent (P<0.001) declining in the above-said four diseases with the APC of probabilities as-2.92%, -1.13%, -9.51% and -3.39%, respectively. The probabilities of premature mortality were all declining consistently in both men and women and in both urban and rural areas in Tianjin. From 1999 to 2015, the probabilities of the four main NCDs were between 19.67% and 12.85% (APC=-2.49%, P<0.001), higher in women (from 17.02% to 9.17%, APC=-3.84%, P<0.001) than that in men (from 22.27% to 16.47%, APC=-1.59%, P<0.001), in urban (from 21.04% to 12.34%, APC=-3.26%, P<0.001) than that in rural areas (from 17.80% to 13.54%, APC=-1.54%, P<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings suggested that premature mortality in Tianjin was decreasing during 1999-2015 but attention should still be called for on males and people living in the rural areas to further reducing the premature mortality.

Estimation of the impact of risk factors control on non-communicable diseases mortality, life expectancy and the labor force lost in China in 2030

Objective: To estimate the impact of risk factors control on non-communicable diseases (NCDs) mortality, life expectancy and the numbers of labor force lost in China in 2030. Methods: We used the results of China from Global Burden of Disease Study 2013, according to the correlation between death of NCDs and exposure of risk factors and the comparative risk assessment theory, to calculate population attributable fraction (PAF) and disaggregate deaths of NCDs into parts attributable and un-attributable. We used proportional change model to project risk factors exposure and un-attributable deaths of NCDs in 2030, then to get deaths of NCDs in 2030. Simulated scenarios according to the goals of global main NCDs risk factors control proposed by WHO were constructed to calculate the impact of risk factors control on NCDs death, life expectancy and the numbers of labor force lost. Results: If the risk factors exposure changed according to the trend of 1990 to 2013, compared to the numbers (8.499 million) and mortality rate (613.5/100 000) of NCDs in 2013, the death number (12.161 million) and mortality rate (859.2/100 000) would increase by 43.1% and 40.0% respectively in 2030, among which, ischemic stroke (increasing by 103.3% for death number and 98.8% for mortality rate) and ischemic heart disease (increasing by 85.0% for death number and 81.0% for mortality rate) would increase most quickly. If the risk factors get the goals in 2030, the NCDs deaths would reduce 2 631 thousands. If only one risk factor gets the goal, blood pressure (1 484 thousands NCDs deaths reduction), smoking (717 thousands reduction) and BMI (274 thousands reduction) would be the most important factors affecting NCDs death. Blood pressure control would have greater impact on ischemic heart disease (662 thousands reduction) and hemorrhagic stroke (449 thousands reduction). Smoking control would have the greatest effect on lung cancer (251 thousands reduction) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (201 thousands reduction). BMI control would have the greatest impact on ischemic heart disease (86 thousands reduction) and hypertensive heart disease (45 thousands reduction). If the risk factors exposure changed according to the trend of 1990 to 2013, in 2030, the life expectancy of Chinese population would reach to 79.0 years old, compared to 2013, increasing by 3.3 years old, the labor force at the age of 15-64 years old would loss 1.932 million. If the risk factors get the goals in 2030, life expectancy would increase to 81.7 years old and the number of labor force lost would decrease to 1.467 million. Blood pressure, smoking and BMI control would have much greater impact on life expectancy (4.9, 4.0 and 3.8 years old respectively) and labor force lost (630 thousands, 496 thousands and 440 thousands respectively). Conclusion: Risk factors control would play an important role in reducing NCD death, improving life expectancy of residents and reducing loss of labor force. Among them, the control of blood pressure raising, smoking and BMI raising would have a greater contribution to the improvement of population health status.

Potential use of telephone-based survey for non-communicable disease surveillance in Sri Lanka

BackgroundTelephone survey (TS) has been a popular tool for conducting health surveys, particularly in developed countries. However, the feasibility, and reliability of TS are not adequately explored in Sri Lanka. The main aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of telephone-based survey in estimating the prevalence of common non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Sri Lanka.MethodsWe carried out an observational cross-sectional study using telephone interview method in Galle district, Sri Lanka. The study participants were selected randomly from the residents living in the households with fixed land telephone lines. The prevalence of the main NCDs was estimated using descriptive statistics.ResultsOverall, 975 telephone numbers belonging to six main areas of Galle district were called, and 48% agreed to participate in the study. Of the non-respondents, 22% actively declined to participate. Data on NCDs were gathered from 1470 individuals. The most common self-reported NCD was hypertension (17.%), followed by diabetes (16.3%) and dyslipidaemia (15.6%). Smoking was exclusively seen in males (7.4%), and regular alcohol use was significantly more common in males (19.2%) than females (0.4%, P < .001).ConclusionsOur study revealed average response rate for telephone based interview in Sri Lankan setting. Overall prevalence of main NCDs in this study showed a comparable prevalence to studies used face to face interview method. This study supports the potential use of telephone-based survey to assess heath related information in Sri Lanka.

Uneven distribution of professors and instructors in medical disciplines dealing with the four main chronic noncommunicable diseases: the case of the Italian Universities

Background: Chronic (non-communicable) diseases (NCD) – principally cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes – are leading causes of death and disability. There is the need to adopt a core University curriculum which let students be taught by teachers who are experts of the four main NCD, for reaching the public health goals proposed by the UN and the WHO. Methods: Our aim was to assess whether all medical students, regardless of the Italian university of enrolment, have an equal opportunity to be educated by an expert teacher in each of the four NCD. We have used the search engine http://cercauniversita.cineca.it/php5/docenti/cerca.php. Results: In January 2016, for each of the 43 universities with a school of medicine, we have assessed the presence of professors / instructors for each of the four academic disciplines corresponding to the four NCD: a) Respiratory medicine; b) Cardiovascular medicine; c) Oncology; d) Endocrinology. Comparing university personnel between Respiratory medicine and each of the other NCD academic sectors, there were negative differences, much wider with the sector Cardiovascular medicine, regarding individual (number of professors/instructors) and collective indicators (number of Universities with various kinds of professors/instructors). Conclusions: Both national societies and ERS should promote periodic analyses of the academic situation of respiratory medicine in the European countries for advocating the EU in order to have recommendations/suggestions for the Member States to get the proper recognition of respiratory medicine, at the same level as the other disciplines involved in preventing and managing the four main NCD.

Uneven distribution of professors and instructors in medical disciplines dealing with the four main chronic non-communicable diseases: the case of the Italian Universities

BackgroundChronic (non-communicable) diseases (NCD) -- principally cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes -- are leading causes of death and disability. There is the need to adopt a core University curriculum which let students be taught by teachers who are experts of the four main NCD, for reaching the public health goals proposed by the UN and the WHO.MethodsOur aim was to assess whether all medical students, regardless of the Italian university of enrolment, have an equal opportunity to be educated by an expert teacher in each of the four NCD. We have used the search engine http://cercauniversita.cineca.it/php5/docenti/cerca.php.ResultsIn January 2016, for each of the 43 universities with a school of medicine, we have assessed the presence of professors / instructors for each of the four academic disciplines corresponding to the four NCD: a) Respiratory medicine; b) Cardiovascular medicine; c) Oncology; d) Endocrinology. Comparing university personnel between Respiratory medicine and each of the other NCD academic sectors, there were negative differences, much wider with the sector Cardiovascular medicine, regarding individual (number of professors/instructors) and collective indicators (number of Universities with various kinds of professors/instructors).ConclusionsBoth national societies and ERS should promote periodic analyses of the academic situation of respiratory medicine in the European countries for advocating the EU in order to have recommendations/suggestions for the Member States to get the proper recognition of respiratory medicine, at the same level as the other disciplines involved in preventing and managing the four main NCD.

Does published research on non-communicable disease (NCD) in Arab countries reflect NCD disease burden?

ObjectivesTo review trends in non-communicable (NCD) research output in the Arab region, in terms of quantity and quality, study design, setting and focus. We also examined differences by time and place, and assessed gaps between research output and NCD burden.MethodsA scoping review of a total of 3,776 NCD-related reports published between 2000 and 2013 was conducted for seven Arab countries. Countries were selected to represent diverse socio-economic development levels in the region: Regression analyses were used to assess trends in publications over time and by country. Research gaps were assessed by examining the degree of match between proportionate literature coverage of the four main NCDs (CVD, cancer, DM, and COPD) and cause-specific proportional mortality rates (PMR).ResultsThe annual number of NCD publications rose nearly 5-fold during the study period, with higher income countries having the higher publication rates (per million populations) and the most rapid increases. The increase in the publication rate was particularly prominent for descriptive observational studies, while interventional studies and systematic reviews remained infrequent (slope coefficients = 13.484 and 0.883, respectively). Gap analysis showed a mismatch between cause-specific PMR burden and NCD research output, with a relative surplus of reports on cancer (pooled estimate +38.3%) and a relative deficit of reports on CVDs (pooled estimate -30.3%).ConclusionThe widening disparity between higher and lower-income countries and the discordance between research output and disease burden call for the need for ongoing collaboration among Arab academic institutions, funding agencies and researchers to guide country-specific and regional research agendas, support and conduct.

Premature Mortality From Noncommunicable Diseases in the Federated States of Micronesia, 2003-2012.

This study was conducted to assess status, and understand burden, of premature and leading causes of deaths from noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). From 2003 to 2012, ICD-10 coded mortality data from the national Health Information System were analyzed. Proportional mortality was calculated and a ranking list of the leading causes of premature death was produced. Of the 2349 premature deaths reported, 1970 (83.9%) were due to NCDs, and 1680 (71.5%) were from 4 main NCD groups-cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases. Diabetes (19.5%), ischemic heart diseases (13.2%), and cerebrovascular diseases (7.1%) were the leading causes of premature deaths. The findings indicate that the burden of premature NCD deaths in FSM is higher than global levels, and existing efforts need to be strengthened to alter their course.

Subnational analysis of probability of premature mortality caused by four main non-communicable diseases in China during 1990-2015 and " Health China 2030" reduction target

Objective: To investigate the current status, temporal trend and achieving Health China 2030 reduction target of probability of premature mortality caused by four main non-communicable diseases (NCDs) including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumour, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease in China both at national and provincial level during 1990 to 2015. Methods: Using the results of Global Burden of Disease study 2015 (GBD 2015), according to the method of calculating premature mortality probability recommended by WHO, the current status and temporal trend by different gender from 1990 to 2015 were calculated, analyzed, and compared. Referring to " Health China 2030" target of reduction 30% of probability of premature mortality caused by major NCDs, we evaluated the difficulty of achieving the reduction target among provinces (not including Taiwan). Results: From 1990 to 2015, the probabilities of premature mortality in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, tumour, and chronic respiratory disease were all declined consistently for both men and women in China, the total of four main NCDs decreased from 30.69% to 18.54% with higher decreasing in women (from 25.97% to 12.40%) than that in men (from 34.94% to 24.19%). In 2015, the top five provinces in terms of probability of premature mortality caused by four main NCDs were Qinghai (28.81%), Tibet (25.88%), Guizhou (24.67%), Guangxi (23.56%), and Xinjiang (23.21%) in turn, while the top five provinces with the lowest probability were Shanghai (8.40%), Beijing (9.39%), Hong Kong (10.10%), Macao (10.31%), and Zhejiang (11.70%). If achieving the " Health China 2030" target, the probabilities of premature mortality in Qinghai and Tibet with the highest probability should decline to about 20.17%, and 18.12%, respectively in 2030, while 5.88%, and 6.57% in Shanghai and Beijing, respectively. From 1990 to 2015, the probability of premature mortality of four main NCDs declined by 2.00% a year on average, the top five provinces with the fastest decline were Beijing (3.48%), Shanghai (3.24%), Zhejiang (2.81%), Fujian (2.75%), and Guangdong (2.67%), and 11 provinces including these five provinces could achieve the " Health China 2030" target by the usual rate of decline, while other 22 provinces could not achieve the target, they need greater rate of decline in order to achieve the target. Conclusion: From 1990 to 2015, the probabilities of premature mortality of four main NCDs were declined consistently in China both at national and provincial level, compared with women, the men had higher probabilities and declined slower, there were significant different in probabilities of premature mortality and their change speed among provinces. Based on the results from 1990 to 2015, there were about two thirds of the provinces, which the task of achieving the Health China 2030 target will be daunting.

A new concept for preventing allergies: training the immune system

Allergies, besides obesity and cardiovascular diseases, are one of the main noncommunicable diseases that can develop in the first 1000 days postpartum. In the last several decades, the incidence of asthma, atopic dermatitis and food allergies has increased, a fact that represents a problem for all the clinicians who provide healthcare for pregnant women and newborns. Currently, there are evidence that support the idea that breastfeeding, compared with feeding formula with intact cow milk protein, for at least four months, delays or prevents the occurrence of cow milk allergies and atopic dermatitis. In regard to hydrolyzed formulas, there are comparative studies that indicate that not all formulas have the same protective benefit. Exclusive breastfeeding seems to have a preventive effect on the development of allergic disease (asthma, atopic dermatitis) up to 2 years of age. Some probiotics, prebi­otics and synbiotics have the ability to influence the response of the immune system. The underlying immunological mechanism of the effects of the three aforementioned products continues to be discovered, with new findings for dendritic cells, effector lymphocytes, T regulatory cells, natural killer T cells and B cells. There are three keys periods that can train and stimulate the development of immune system: pregnancy, breast feeding period and early childhood. The aim of this clinical report is to review the dietary options during pregnancy, lactation and the first year of life that can affect the development of atopic disease in early life.

Non-communicable diseases at a regional hospital in Nepal: Findings of a high burden of alcohol-related disease.

Recent global burden of disease reports find that a major proportion of global deaths and disability worldwide can be attributed to alcohol use. Thus, it may be surprising that very few studies have reported on the burden of alcohol-related disease in low income settings. The evidence of non-communicable disease (NCD) burden in Nepal was recently reviewed and concluded that data is still lacking, particularly to describe the burden of alcohol-related diseases (ARDs). Therefore, here we report on NCD burden and specifically ARDs, in hospitalized patients at a regional hospital in Nepal. We conducted a retrospective chart-review that included detailed information on all discharged patients during a four month period. A local database that included sociodemographic information and diagnoses at discharge was established. All doctor-assigned discharge diagnoses were retrospectively assigned ICD-10 codes. A total of 1,139 hospitalized adult patients were included in the study and one third of these were NCDs (n=332). The main NCDs were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n=148, 45%) and ARDs (n=57, 17%). Patients with ARD often presented with signs of liver cirrhosis and were typically younger men, with a median age at 43 years, from specific ethnic groups. These data demonstrate that severe alcohol-related organ failure in relatively young men contributed to a high proportion of NCDs in a regional hospital in Nepal. These findings are novel and alarming and warrant further studies that can establish the burden of ARDs and alcohol use in Nepal and other similar low-income countries.

Magnitude and scope of non-communicable disease-related disability: a systematic review protocol.

The objective of the review will be to identify, assess and synthesize the evidence that examines the magnitude and scope of disability including impairments, activity limitations and participation restrictions associated with four main non-communicable diseases (NCDs): cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancers, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases.To systematically examine the magnitude of disability associated with CVDs, cancers, diabetes and chronic lung diseases, the questions that this review will specifically address are:To systematically examine the scope of disability associated with CVDs, cancers, diabetes and chronic respiratory diseases, the questions that this review will address are.

Trends in major risk factors and mortality from main non-communicable diseases in Lithuania, 1985-2013.

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the trends in the prevalence and levels of risk factors and mortality from main non-communicable diseases in the Lithuanian population aged 45–64 years during 1985 to 2013.MethodsData from four general population surveys conducted between 1985 and 2008 were used. All these surveys were carried out in Kaunas city and five randomly selected municipalities of Lithuania. Risk factors measured at each survey included regular smoking, overweight, obesity, arterial hypertension, and high levels of blood lipids. In total, data of 10,719 subjects (4,965 men and 5,754 women) aged 45–64 were analysed. Trends in standardized all-cause mortality and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), and malignant neoplasms were estimated for both sexes by joinpoint regression analysis.ResultsIn 1985–2013, some favourable trends were observed in the age-standardized mean levels and prevalence of risk factors and mortality from main non-communicable diseases in the Lithuanian middle-aged population. The mean values of blood lipids (with the exception of triglycerides) and the prevalence of dyslipidemias declined. In women, mean levels of systolic blood pressure and body mass index decreased, while in men, the levels of these factors increased. The prevalence of arterial hypertension and obesity increased in men. The proportion of obese women decreased. Smoking prevalence increased in both men and women. From 2007 to 2008, significant downward trends, which were steeper in women than in men, were observed in all-cause, CVD, and CHD mortality.ConclusionsDespite the favourable changes in some risk factors and mortality rates, the prevalence of risk factors and mortality from main non-communicable diseases in Lithuania are still high. This indicates the importance of the ongoing primary and secondary prevention and optimal treatment of these diseases.

Necessidades Atuais de Radioterapia no SUS e Estimativas para o Ano de 2030

Introdução: O câncer se encontra entre as principais doenças crônicas não transmissíveis do mundo e, para 2030, é esperado um aumento na incidência de 54% em relação a 2015. Esse incremento requer estratégias e políticas públicas que visem atender às demandas por tratamento, especialmente terapia de radiação, uma vez que envolve equipamentos e recursos humanos específicos. Objetivos: Apresentar o cenário atual da radioterapia no Brasil, seus recursos estruturais e humanos, bem como estimar o cenário da radioterapia para o país em 2030. Método: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo realizado com base em referencial teórico e conformado a partir de estimativas populacionais, atual e projetada, bancos de dados de sistemas de informação oficiais e sítios de classe profissional, e em legislação e normas emitidas por órgãos que normatizam e licenciam o tema no Brasil. Resultado: Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o déficit em julho de 2015 no Brasil é de 255 serviços de radioterapia e em recursos humanos de 387 radioterapeutas, 546 físico-médicos e 425 supervisores de produção. Para o ano de 2030, o déficit estimado é de 198 serviços de radioterapia e em recursos humanos de 235 físico médicos e 114 supervisores de produção. Conclusão: O envelhecimento populacional e o consequente aumento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis como o câncer exigem dos serviços públicos de saúde um planejamento que garanta as demandas por tratamento. O déficit, atual e projetado, de radioterapia no Brasil sinaliza a urgência de estratégias e políticas públicas capazes de atender às necessidades apresentadas.

Pooled Preventive Behaviors for Main Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases as a Double Burden of Public Health among Healthcare Students, Southwest Ethiopia

Background: Non-communicable chronic disease is a life-treating disease that can be prevented but not cured. Reducing risks, promoting healthy life at early age reduces the burden of chronic diseases currently account for almost 60% of all deaths and 43% of the global burden of disease. As a result of an epidemiological transition attributed to increased urbanization, westernization, and globalization, many African countries are experiencing lifestyle change that results a “double burden” alongside to infectious diseases. Cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and type two diabetes are the most four prominent chronic diseases globally. Objective: To assess preventive behavior for main chronic diseases among Aman healthcare students. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed in May 2015 at Aman Health Science College using health belief model. A stratified sampling technique was used to select 267students. An adapted self-administered questioner and calibrated measuring scale were used to collect data. A summery descriptive and, binary and multivariate logistic regression was applied to describe the functional predictors of preventive behavior. Ethical clearance of the study was obtained from institutional review committee. Result: Majority of the study participants 190 (73·9%) were females and the mean age was 20·24 year (± 2·42 SD). Majority of the respondent 214 (83·3%) were centrally obese. Independent predictor of preventive behavior for chronic disease were being college stay 3rd year [OR: 2·06, 95% CI: (1·08, 3·94)], being educated about chronic disease [OR: 2·99, 95% CI: (1·64, 5·45)], and perceived susceptibility and severity to chronic disease [OR: 2·97, 95% CI: (2·04, 5·38)], and [OR: 2·00, 95% CI: (1·12, 3·57)], respectively. Conclusion: the disparity level of preventive behavior for chronic disease was well explained by knowledge and perceived threat. Cognizant of this fact, I recommend that integrated behavioral change communication education emphasized on perceived treat should be strengthening to reduce the burden of life-treating chronic diseases.