Male Main Characters Research Articles

Masculinity In Spark’s The Best Me And Yanagihara’s A Little Life : A Study Of Comparative Literature

This study aims to explain the differences and similarities of masculinity depicted in the 17th American novel The Best of Me (2011) by Nicholas Sparks which is ranked 2 of the top 10 lists in weekly publishers, with romance and fiction genres, with Novel A Little Life (2015) the work of the United States novelist Hanya Yanagihara who won both the 2015 Man Booker Prize, the Goodreads choice awards for the best fiction category and the national book award for fiction. Using the fiction genre, this research is comparative literature. It uses gender theory with masculine concepts from John Beynon (2002) which is written in his book entitled Masculinities and Culture. This study uses a context-oriented approach,Data Collection Techniques using literature study by reading, taking notes, and documenting data. After the data is collected, data reduction is carried out. The data that has been selected will be classified to take action to analyze the differences and similarities of masculinity in the male main character Dawson Cole in the Novel The Best of Me with Jude in the Novel A Little Life. The author finds some differences in reading aspects of masculinity according to John Beynon in the two characters. The difference lies in aspects: Age & Physical, Education, Sexual Orientation, Class & Occupation, Status & Lifestyle. The author finds similarities in reading aspects of masculinity according to John Beynon in Dawson and Jude in the Historical Location aspect. Both of them have pasts that they dont not want to open up.

Tabula rasa: the Western under erasure in The Rider and Jauja

ABSTRACT This article aims to realise a methodological de-Westernisation of the Western film genre through a comparative analysis of Chloé Zhao's The Rider and Lisandro Alonso's Jauja. Through the Derridean concepts of sous rature, différance, the trace and hauntology, several conventions of the Western genre are discussed and analysed, including the landscape, masculinity and the denial of climactic endings. The search for meaning is present in the two main male characters, but whereas Brady (Brady Jandreau) crafts a gentle approach to a cowboy masculinity in the twenty-first century through both riding and a sense of belonging to the landscape, captain Dinesen (Viggo Mortensen) in Jauja finds himself lost because of his rigid colonial approach to the Patagonian landscape. The endings of the two films are deferred, indicating, in The Rider, the continuity of the search for meaning beyond the conventions of the Western, and the disjuncture of time as a result of colonial violence in Jauja. Ultimately, this article proposes that this Derridean methodology, when suffused with a World Cinema perspective, can debunk established notions of centrality and ownership in relation to genre studies.

LANGUAGE AND IDENTITY IN THE LITERATURE OF FICTION. THE TRANSLATION OF IDIOLECT AND ITS EFFECTS IN LITERARY CHARACTERISATION IN TESS OF THE D’URBERVILLES’ MALE CHARACTERS

This paper focuses on the intrinsic relation between language and identity in literature. Characters in all fictional worlds have their own language and way of speaking. Their linguistic features shape their identity and characterisation and help the reader identify all characters in a literary work. Hence, this project aims at analysing the resulting identity of fictional characters with a focus on linguistic variation and the use of language. The study has two main objectives: to analyse the male characters’ speech and its evolution in the novel, and to analyse the extent to which their translation may have an impact on the characters’ literary identity. In order to achieve the aforementioned objectives, this paper analyses the language of the main male characters of the Victorian novel Tess of the d’Urbervilles (1891) and its translations into Spanish. The male characters seem to function as opposition to the characterisation of the novel’s main character, Tess Durbeyfield. In addition, they use a very distinct language, which will contrast with the rest of the characters. Thus, this paper aims at verifying whether this contrast as well as their distinguishable characterisations are maintained in the target texts. As will be seen, translating distinct language is essential in fictional characteri-sation as well as in the reception of foreign literature, in this case, English literature in the Spanish context.

Ray Kroc’s Interactional Styles Features in Business Conversation in The Founder

This study focuses on the features of interactional styles used by Ray Kroc, the male main character, when in a business conversation with others in The Founder biographical movie. The writer used Holmes’ (2006) theory of features of interactional styles and Holmes' (2006), Kuntjara's (2012), and Paltridge's (2006) theory of gender to support her in conducting this research. The writer transcribed and analyzed Ray Kroc's utterances during business conversations with others for this study, which took a qualitative approach. Facilitative, supportive feedback, conciliatory, indirect, collaborative, person/process-oriented, and affectively oriented are all features of feminine interactional styles used by Ray Kroc. He also demonstrated all masculine interactional styles features, including competitive, aggressive interruptions, confrontational, direct, autonomous, task/outcome-oriented, and referentially oriented. The findings of this study support Holmes' (2006) observation that men and women can use both feminine and masculine interactional styles depending on the situation in the workplace. Ray Kroc, a competitive and masculine man, used feminine and masculine interactional styles to keep his relationships with his partners strong and achieve his business conversation goals at the same time. Moreover, further research for the film The Founder or other movie that focuses on other characters, situations, and theories is recommended.

Representasi Maskulinitas Toksik pada Tokoh Utama dalam Film "Seperti Dendam, Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas"

Toxic masculinity is interpreted from the character of masculinity in general but is carried out in a very excessive manner so as to harm others around him, as in this film which reflects the life of the male main character who always puts his emotions first and commits violence. John Fiske's semiotic analysis method with a qualitative approach through three levels of coding, namely the level of reality that can be judged from the environment and behavior, the level of representation that can be seen from the setting as well as the camera angle, and the level of ideology that can be judged from reality and representations that are described as ideological codes. The result of writing is that there are verbal and non-verbal signs such as facial expressions, gestures, conversations of the main character. The main character also seems to always prioritize emotion and violence in every problem solving, the opponent dominates the conversation, is more aggressive, rude, and wants to look macho to cover his shortcomings, which is a sign of the bad influence of masculinity domination that is forced, misunderstood and abused. As well as the ideology of individualism that does not care about its surroundings.

Fantasy Formula in Romance Movies: Beauty and the Beast (2017) and Aladdin (2019)

Popular literature is an entertaining work and is widely loved by the public. This study focuses on formula analysis of fantasy genres identified from the Beauty and the Beast (2017) and Aladdin (2019) movies seen from several scenes in both movies. The films is an interesting fantasy genre movies because although the movies is different, it has the same formula. This research uses a comparative descriptive method with a qualitative approach to present data analysis. In addition, this study also used several theories from Saricks (2009) to examine the formula of the fantasy genre and the theory of comparative literature from Wellek and Warren's (1942). The study reveals that there are four points of the fantasy genre formula that have something in common in these two movies. First, in the Characteristics of Belle and Jasmine who are brave women and have an adventurous spirit. Second, the same Storyline between the two movies where both are the same against enemies who want to kill the main male characters. Third, the same Frame Setting contains magical elements. Finally, in both movies there are tense scenes that quickly turn into humorous scenes or in the fantasy genre formula called Pacing. From the results obtained by the researchers, it was concluded that in both movies there are elements of fantasy formula. These formulas then make fantasy movies into films that are great demand and liked by the audience.

Gender and Fundamentalism in Khaled Hosseini's A Thousand Splendid Suns

This paper aims to challenge the reductionist views of Islam and Muslim women in Khaled Hosseini's A Thousand Splendid Suns (2017). In doing so, this paper explores the connection of gender discourse with the Islamic political movement in Hosseini's novel. It also seeks to challenge the gendered bias in the novel by using Amina Wadud's concept of Islamic Feminism. Through the subjugated life of women's characters, the concept of hegemonic masculinity is applied to give an in-depth analysis of gender relations and fundamentalism in the novel. The research focuses on understanding misogynist attempts that marginalized women and legitimized gender inequality. The findings indicate that hegemonic masculinity is unquestionably backed up under the fundamentalist's reign of the Mujahideen and the Taliban with their implementation of Sharia law. Furthermore, the characters have shown dissimilar attitudes in facing the situations. As the main male character, Rasheed is depicted as a manifestation of the misogynistic setting created by both regimes. Meanwhile, the two main female characters show strength, resistance, and resilience in facing the unequal systems. However, while the fundamentalist justifies their action by using Islam as their shield, it is written in the Quran that Islam never discriminates against women but encourages their fundamental rights. Thus, Hosseini's novel complicates the ideas of gender, fundamentalism, and masculinity through the complex relationships of his characters within their families and societies. However, these complex societies do not represent Islam or the Muslim communities as the Muslim world is not only in Afghanistan, but many countries, such as Egypt, Pakistan, and Indonesia, practice Islam in a very different way from those in Afghanistan Hosseini's novel.

Harry Potter and The Philosopher’s Stone: A Systemic Functional Analysis

Gender-stereotyped roles of female and male characters are common in literature. Seeing that Harry Potter series has gained much popularity especially among children and teenagers, this qualitative paper attempts to investigate to what extent the author, Rowling (1997), confirms or challenges the gender stereotypes in the portrayal of the main male and female characters through her lexical (words) and grammatical (nouns, verbs, adjective and adverbs) choices. Halliday’s transitivity system is used to examine the lexis and structures that Rowling chose to describe the characters in her novel. Several scenes which contain descriptions about the main male and female characters were analyzed. Analysis of the excerpts from the novel showed that both the male and female main characters are portrayed with either feminine or masculine roles.

Fearful Symmetry: Shakespeare’s <i>Dramatis Personae</i> in <i>Hamlet</i>

This research aims to make a parallel and determine the symmetry between the main male characters of the Shakespearian play “The tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark”. For this purpose, each important character is analysed in-depth with the use of the primary text and other critical views. The approach used in this paper was based on the primary source, by the employment of quotes and lines, verses and how they manage to be interpreted regarding the portrayal of the cast. There are a variety of ways in which quotes like “A little more than kin and less than kind” might be emphasized, and through the stylistic art of interpretation, the reader as well as the critic can bring new senses and meanings to a certain something. There are also the religious and philosophical aspects of the characters that are exploited in the paper and analysed through metaphorical and figurative language. Applying a developed conceptual framework combined with the opinion of other critics of Shakespeare leads to the multiple interpretations and variables of this play. Not only is it full of symbols and presents an aspect of universality unlike any Shakespearean tragedy, but it also introduces the reader to a combination of Baroque Disenchantment and typical Elizabethan drama. The emphasis of the paper is on the specific characteristics of each character in relation to the general frame and in relation to the other characters. The aim of the paper is to dissipate the blurred lines between appearance and essence and to focus on the in-depth analysis of the characters, who create the symmetry and parallelism which widens the Shakespearean universe of knowledge and literary creation. “Hamlet”, as a literary piece, is Shakespeare’s most complex tragedy. The rationale for choosing it is to highlight the universality of the play, to make the reader sympathise and look at their own reflection and think about the instances where their actions overlapped or coincided with the characters’. Tragedy, like any other literary genre, was born out of real-life situations, and readers should be aware that fiction can surpass the page and turn into reality.

Men from Manchuria and Women in Japan after the Asia-Pacific War：The Meaning of “Meaninglessness” in Abe Kobo’s Two “The Wall” Novels

It is widely known that in his two novels, “At the Guidepost at the End of the Road” (1948) and “The Wall – The Crime of S. Karma” (1951), Abe Kobo depicted the main characters’ anguish after the Japanese defeat in the Asia-Pacific war as the result of “meaninglessness”. He came to this perspective on the basis of struggling with this feeling in his own life. This article analyzes the female Japanese characters, who form a contrast with the main male Japanese characters, in order to explore the question of why this sense of meaninglessness came about. In these novels, Japanese female characters are represented as those who cure the distress men feel because of the latter’s awareness of their responsibility for the aggressive war that took place, and because of their hedonic enjoyment of the liberated society after the war, which these male characters experience as “meaningful” as it allows them to not reflect on the war. The contrasting women characters reflect the social conditions at the time the story was written. Japanese women were not accused of war crimes, nor were they responsible for the subordinate female gender roles which persisted before the war. As a result, the female characters are free of the sense of meaninglessness, and they form a contrast with Japanese male characters who feel anguish at their awareness of their responsibility for the war, and their resultant sense of meaninglessness.

Expression of Language and Gender in the Movie “Imperfect: Karier, Cinta & Timbangan” (Sociolinguistic Studies)

The dialogues used by the male and female main character in the movie "Imperfect: Karier, Cinta & Timbangan" has many different language characteristics. This research aims to elaborate the expression of language characteristics of main male and female characters in the movie based on Qi Pan's theory and define the socio-cultural factors behind using these language characteristics. This research was qualitative descriptive research. The data source was the movie’s script of "Imperfect: Karier, Cinta & Timbangan." To collect data, the researcher used watching, listening, and writing techniques. Then, the data were analyzed using the textual analysis method. The results revealed that (a) the main female character uses 11 language characteristics according to Qi Pan's theory in dialogue. In contrast, the main male character does not use these language characteristics. Only hypercorrection characteristics are not used in both speeches, and (b) language differences in characters' speeches are influenced by socio-cultural factors that shape their personalities in the movie, creating gender stereotypes that appear in both genders based on their characters. This research represents an expression and relevance between language and gender, which can be found in real life and literary works, one of which is elaborated through Indonesian movie media.

FRAUEN UND LIEBESBEZIEHUNGEN IM FRÜHSCHAFFEN DOSTOEVSKIJS: ARME LEUTE (1845) UND DER DOPPELGÄNGER (1846)

This paper analyzes female characters in two early works by Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky– Poor Folk (1845, Bednye liudi) and The Double (1846, Dvoinik). It considers the literary methods used to represent those characters, as well as their relation to the male main character and some aspects of gender construction in these works. It is shown that the importance of female characters in these two works is directly connected with their (real or imagined) influence on the male main character. Consequently, a female character can play an important role in the novel even if she doesn’t personally appear in it. Women are fatal for both male characters, albeit for different reasons. Drawing on the research of Neuhäuser (1979), this article shows some further similarities in the basic structure of both works. They share the form of a love affair accompanied by intertextual references, as well as a narrated previous relationship of the male character, both of them serving as an additional explanation of the current love affair. The epistolary form of Poor Folk leads to self-representation being the main way of showing Varvara Dobroselova’s character, while Klara Olsuf’evna of The Double is depicted both from the perspective of the auctorial first-person narrator, as well as from Goliadkin’s perspective. The auctorial narrator of The Double ironizes not only Klara Olsuf’evna, but also other characters and social practices of the Petersburg society. The internal monologues and the free indirect speech of Goliadkin, however, show signs of a negative, even misogynistic attitude towards the character of Karolina Ivanovna and partially also to Klara Olsuf’evna. Lastly, Poor Folk introduces themes to Dostoevsky’s work, which occupy him until the end of his life and manifest themselves in their more recognizable form in his later works.

The Deconstruction of the Femininity of the Main Character in Andrea Hirata's Ayah Novel: Throwing the Shackles of Community Conventions

This study aims to uncover the femininity contained in the novel Ayah by Andrea Hirata with the female main character Marlena and the male main character Sabari. This research is a qualitative descriptive research using critical discourse analysis method. The data source is the novel Ayah by Andrea Hirata published in Bentang 2017. The technique of collecting data is by reading and recording on a data card. The data collection instrument is the human instrument or the researcher himself using a postmodern feminism approach. In analyzing the data, it was carried out in three stages, namely (1) word reduction; (2) data presentation; and (3) drawing conclusions. The results of deconstruction of femininity show that there are six forms of deconstruction of femininity in Andrea Hirata's novel Ayah , namely: feminine image, feminine desire, beauty, feminine habits, feminine work, and feminine principles. Femininity in the novel Ayah is owned and practiced by the female main character and the male main character who have strengths and weaknesses. Through the deconstruction of postmodern femininity, Andrea Hirata is able to present the main character as the subject of the construction of femininity who tries to free himself from the shackles of society's conventions.

Romanticized Abusive Behavior by Media Narrative Analysis on Portrayal of Intimate Partner Violence Romanticism in Korean Drama

Intimate relationships are often depicted in terms of a beautiful idealism, especially in the mass media. However, the evidence shows a vast number of women while in such a relationship have been subjected to physical, emotional, and/or sexual violence by their partner. Media plays an important part in shaping and reflecting social life, resulting in audience consumption of romanticized abusive behaviour. Its audiovisual content can perpetuate the point of view that some violence is normal – even romantic. Such a point of view can be found in Korean dramas, which have been popular with its Indonesian audience for some 20 years and do not show any signs of a decline in popularity. This study aims to reveal a narration of intimate partner violence portrayal as romance in the Korean drama The Heirs (2013). A qualitative method is used drawing on Propp's Seven Characters and Greimas' Actantial narrative analysis model. The research results show how The Heirs project romantic imagery masking abusive traits by establishing the male main character as a subject who forces a relationship without accepting rejection. Moreover, this study found the romanticization of abuse was amplified by depicting the female protagonist as an object expressing her objection to giving male characters the thrill of the chase. The findings in this research is consistent with the concept of romanticized media, particularly in portraying the romanticization of intimate partner violence.

Swearing Expressions by Main Male and Female Characters in Night School Movie

The use of swearing expressions used by men and women indicates a difference. This difference occurs due to the stereotypes between sex and gender. In this study, the differences of language expressions used between men and women are investigated. Language expressions that are self-referenced are swear words as a form of expressing emotions. This study used a transformative mixed method and the data were taken from both main male character and female character of a film entitled "Night School". Based on these data, it is concluded that different conditions and situations affect the different types and motives of the occurrence of swear words as a form of language expression between men and women.

Representasi Bentuk Cinta Tokoh Fang Yuke dalam Film Love The Way You Are

This research discusses the representation of the form of love on the male main character in the film which is a China film released on June, 21 2019. The purpose of this research is to describe the representation of the form of love on the male main character. This research is based on using Sternberg’s theory of love and Charles Sanders Pierce’s semiotic theory which is only using sign theory to understand the form of love on male main character. The research method used is qualitative descriptive research. Based on the analysis of the love the way you are film, researcher found 3 (three) components of Sternberg’s love. Thus, it can be concluded Fang Yuke is proven to show a form of love between himself and the woman character he loved. Keywords: literature, love the way you are, representation, love

Film Review: Qualitative Analysis of Meaningful Male Relational Images in Falling Down

ABSTRACT Relational cultural therapy tenets are based on feminist theory but can be used with male clients using cinematherapy. Falling Down, a movie about a middle-aged man in crisis during times of social upheaval in Los Angeles, is examined for the main relational images and their influence on the central relational paradox through narrative qualitative analysis. Codes for visual, auditory, and somatosensory aspects were applied and the frequency of co-occurrences calculated. “Home” was found to be the most significant relational image among the main male characters ensuing from the central relational paradox. The study shows how relational images can be examined and be applied in cinematherapy with male clients.

REPRESENTASI MASKULINITAS MODERN LAKI-LAKI JEPANG DALAM FILM PERFECT WORLD BERDASARKAN SEMIOTIKA BARTHES

Abstract: This paper aims to provide an overview of the concept of masculinity in Japanese society today which is represented by the main character in “Perfect World” film. The concept of masculinity here is limited to the masculinity of the male main character with a disability, considering that people with disabilities are often seen and treated as second-class citizens by the surrounding community. The method used is the semiotic method of Barthes, because it not only provides an interpretation of a sign into language, but also sees signs from the ideological side of a culture. Furthermore, Chafetz's concept of masculinity is also used as a reference for assessing the masculinity of the main character. As a result, it was found that a man with disability can still be said to be masculine, whether in traditional or modern concepts. In addition, it can be said that the impermanence of the concept of masculinity is greatly influenced by time and the supporting society in which the concept was born. Men with disabilities can still be said to be masculine, as long as most of his masculinity assessment points are still fulfilled. On the other hand, a man without physical limitations can be said to be non-masculine if he cannot meet his masculinity assessment points.Keywords: gender, semiotics, masculinity, difabel, Barthes

Woman as the Other—Interpretations of the Gender Wars in “A Woman on a Roof” from the Perspective of Existential Feminism

Doris Lessing is one of the Nobel Prize winners and “A Woman on a Roof” is such a famous short story of hers. In the patriarchal society, women are in the lower status, but the woman in the story struggles bravely to fight against the male power. During her fighting, the woman has doubts and hesitation, but she finally forces the three males to put off their prejudice. This paper focuses on how the woman strives for her own rights, and talks from the perspective of Existential Feminism, taking the main male and female characters in “A Woman on a Roof” as examples, so as to explore women’s self-survival in the dualistic society. Through studying her feminist thinking in the short story, the paper points out that the woman finally transforms her role from the Other to the Subject and then she is in an equal position with the three males. Though the two genders does not reconcile with each other as it seems to be with the purification of rainwater in “A Woman on a Roof”, the woman has made a big progress in the pursuit of her own transcendence.

The Impact of divorce on the main male character, Steve Miller, as reflected in Nicholas Sparks’s the last song

The Last Song written by Nicholas Sparks is a novel that tells about family conflict that begins from the divorce between the parents and involves their children. The children must face the reality about their parents’ divorce when they are at the age of ten and seventeen. Not only for their children, but the divorce also brings an impact to the main male character, Steve Miller, in this novel. There is misunderstanding at the beginning in children’s comprehension about the causes of the divorce in their family. But after they know, especially the daughter, everything has changed between the main male character and his children. The aims of this study are to analyze the cause of the divorce and the impact of divorce on male male character, Steve Miller, as reflected in Nicholas Sparks’s The Last Song. The writer uses psychological approach to analyse the cause and the impact of the divorce on the main male character, Steve Miller, as reflected in Nicholas Sparks’s The Last Song. The writer also uses qualitative research method. The primary data are taken from the copy of novel The Last Song (2010) in the form quotation, phrase, and clauses or in the form of sentences that are related to the points discussed in this research. While, the secondary data are taken from all the analysis and criticism related to the novel. This secondary data of this research are also taken from some library documents and internet sources. The result of this study shows that the cause of the divorce in Nicholas Sparks’s The Last Song is because the male main character’s wife had affair with the stranger that he does not know before. It makes the communication with his wife is rarely done. It also involves their children and makes the relationship between father and daughter is broken. Not only to the relationship between the family members, but this divorce also give effects to the main character’s psychological and physical states.