Main Jet Research Articles

Numerical Study of Hydrogen-Rich Fuel Coherent Jet in Blast Furnace Tuyere

Injecting hydrogen-rich fuel into blast furnaces is an effective strategy to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The present study established a three-dimensional (3D) model based on a coherent jet of hydrogen-rich fuel. The combustion characteristics and the flow, heat, and mass transfer behaviors in the reaction region were simulated by the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method. The effects of fuel jet velocity on the distributions of gas velocity, temperature, and species in the reaction region were systematically analyzed. The results show that hydrogen-rich fuel burned around the main jet, generating a high-temperature, low-density flame. As flame length increased, the main jet experienced less decay. The outward expansion of the jet caused continuous diffusion of gas temperature and its components. As the fuel jet velocity increased, the temperature along the main jet centerline rose sharply, while the length of the high-concentration gas region extended. Doubling the jet velocity increased its centerline velocity by 11% and raised the average reaction region temperature by 4.12%. The obtained highlighted results are of paramount importance for optimizing hydrogen-rich smelting in blast furnaces.

Identifying Jittering Jet-shaped Ejecta in the Cygnus Loop Supernova Remnant

Analyzing images of the Cygnus Loop, a core-collapse supernova (CCSN) remnant, in different emission bands, we identify a point-symmetrical morphology composed of three symmetry axes that we attribute to shaping by three pairs of jets. The main jet axis has an elongated S shape, appearing as a faint narrow zone in visible and UV. We term it the S-shaped hose, and the structure of three symmetry lines the point-symmetric wind rose. The two other lines connect a protrusion (an ear or a bulge) with a hole on the opposite side of the center (a nozzle or a cavity), structures that we identify in the X-ray, UV, visible, IR, and/or radio images. There is a well-known blowout at the southern end of the S-shaped hose, and we identify a possible opposite blowout at the northern end of the S-shaped hose. The point-symmetrical morphology of the Cygnus Loop is according to the expectation of the jittering jets explosion mechanism (JJEM) of CCSNe, where several to few tens of pairs of jets with stochastically varying directions explode the star. The three pairs of jets that shaped the wind-rose structure of the Cygnus Loop are the last energetic pairs of this series of jets. Our study further supports the JJEM as the main explosion mechanism of CCSNe.

A Simulation Study of Low-power Relativistic Jets: Flow Dynamics and Radio Morphology of FR-I Jets

Radio galaxies are classified into two primary categories based on their morphology: center-brightened FR-I and edge-brightened FR-II. It is believed that the jet power and interactions with the ambient medium govern the deceleration and decollimation of the jet-spine flows, which, in turn, influence this dichotomy. Using high-resolution, three-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamic simulations, we follow the development of flow structures on sub-kiloparsec to kiloparsec scales in kinetically dominant low-power relativistic jets. We find that the bulk Lorentz factor of the jet spine and the advance speed of the jet head, which depend on the energy injection flux and the jet-to-background density contrast, primarily determine the dynamics and structures of the jet-induced flows. The entrainment of ambient gas and the background density and pressure gradient may also play significant roles. To emulate radio morphology, we produce the synthetic maps of the synchrotron surface brightness for the simulated jets, by employing simple models for magnetic field distribution and nonthermal electron population and considering relativistic beaming effects at different inclination angles. Both the flow structures and radio maps capture the longitudinal and transverse structures of the jet-spine and shear layer, consistent with observations. We also compare different background effects and argue that the loss of pressure confinement beyond the galactic core may be a key factor in the flaring and disruption of FR-I jets. Our results confirm that mildly relativistic jets could explain the one-sidedness or asymmetries with the boosted main jet and deboosted counterjet pairs.

Analysis of single shaft turbojet engines structures and evaluation their safety with the use of FDM-A and FAM-C diagnostic methods

The article reviews the main stages of development of single-shaft turbojet engines. Selected construction of these engines are presented divided into three periods (before, during and after World War II) and two main jet engine schemes were discussed (with a centrifugal compressor and an axial compressor). The SO-3 jet engine installed on the TS-11 “Spark” aircraft was chosen to present the method of assessing the safety of structures. The FDM-A diagnostic methods developed in AFIT were used to experimentally verify the technical condition of the engine and FAM-C, based on the analysis of disturbances in the instantaneous rotational speed of the engine shaft. The results of tests related to the assessment of engine shaft misalignment, the assessment of the degree of wear of the engine shaft bearings and the assessment of the shaft clamping force in the bearings are presented. The summary lists the main advantages of single-shaft turbojet engines (simplicity of design for a solution with a centrifugal compressor and high thrust enabling breaking the sound barrier) and their disadvantages (complex design for a solution with an axial compressor and high failure rate of shaft bearing supports as the most loaded engine component).

Scalar mixing and entrainment in an axisymmetric jet subjected to external turbulence

The present study aims to understand the process of turbulent entrainment into a jet, as affected by background turbulence, using scalar statistics. Planar laser-induced fluorescence was employed to capture the orthogonal cross sections of the jet at a fixed downstream station with varying background turbulence intensities and length scales. The conditional scalar profiles revealed that the thickness of the scalar turbulent/turbulent interface is greater than that of the traditional turbulent/non-turbulent interface, and the interfacial thickness is an increasing function of the background turbulence intensity. Although nibbling remains the primary entrainment mechanism in the far field, increased occurrence of concentration “holes” within the interfacial layer in the presence of ambient turbulence suggests a more significant role of large-scale engulfment in the turbulent/turbulent entrainment process (although still below 1% of the total mass flux). Enhanced contribution of the area of detached jet patches (i.e., “islands”) to that of the main jet is hypothesized to be evidence of intense detrainment events in the background turbulence. This can potentially contribute to a reduced net entrainment into the jet, which manifests as less negative values of scalar skewness within the jet core.

Model optimization and mechanism analysis of two-stage ejector considering nonequilibrium condensation

Two-stage ejectors are widely used in multi-effect distillation and refrigeration systems owing to their vacuum and pressurization capabilities. However, most studies on two-stage ejectors are based on the dry-gas hypothesis, which neglects the universal physical phenomenon of condensation. A wet-steam model of two-stage ejectors is established and compared to the dry-gas model in this paper. Simulation results indicate that the proposed wet-steam model more accurately describes the performance and complex flow field characteristics of the two-stage ejector. Moreover, the nonequilibrium condensation mechanism of the fluid within the two-stage ejector under variable conditions is revealed. The results show that as the two-stage main nozzle pressure increases from 300 kPa to 550 kPa, the liquid mass fraction increases, and the droplet nucleation rate of the two stages decreases by 14.17 % and 13.14 %. When the first-stage actuating pressure is increased, the first-stage fluid restricts the expansion state of the second-stage main jet core and weakens the vapor condensation in the region of the shock chain. Furthermore, the experimental results demonstrate that compared with the dry-gas model, the prediction error of entrainment ratio and the secondary flow obtained by the proposed model are reduced by 26.67 % and 43.04 %, respectively.

Flow characteristics and thermal fields in fan-coupled jet impingement

Numerical methods are used to analyze the flow properties and thermal fields of a fan-coupled jet impingement. The shear stress transport(SST) k−ω model has been utilized in the numerical simulation conducted in ANSYS CFX. Initially, the study focuses on flow structures that are driven by pressure gradients. Due to the presence of the pressure gradient, there is a tip leakage vortex moving through the tip gap. In the vicinity of the hub, the boundary layer rolls up to form a passage vortex close to the blade. The presence of these secondary flow structures affects the features of the cooling flow provided by the axial fan. Velocity deficit and high turbulence exist in the regions as a result of the secondary flow structures. Furthermore, to demonstrate how the 3D structures affect the performance of the jet impingement, two comparison cases, named LF-Q and LF-curve, are introduced with uniform incoming flow. In the comparison cases, the axial fan is abstracted as a solid body with pressure rise and flow rate. Compared to the counterparts with uniform incoming flow, the fan-coupled jet shows a greater re-circulation and a narrower main jet as a result of the velocity deficit exiting near the hub. In terms of thermal performance, the fan-coupled jet outperforms a uniform impinging jet with the same flow rate by 1.18 times in total heat transfer. The velocity deficit and larger re-circulation have reduced the heat transport in the central target, while the mainstream with high velocity and strong turbulence has enhanced the heat transfer in the outer region. The fan-coupled jet impingement with high velocity in the narrower jet also shows improved local heat transfer, with a peak Nusselt number (Nu) approximately 1.37 times larger than that of the uniform case with the same flow rate.

Breakup characteristics of a pulse jet issuing into a compressed gas environment under different injection conditions

The dynamics of jet breakup undergo significant alteration due to the influence of a compressed gas environment. In the first injection stage of an air-assisted fuel injector (AAFI), fuel is introduced into such an environment. Therefore, studying the influence of injection conditions on the jet breakup characteristics has significant importance for AAFI spray. This study utilized a high-speed camera to record the jet breakup images in a compressed gas environment. Subsequently, these images were analyzed using MATLAB to get the spray penetration distance and fuel projection area (FPA). The research findings indicate that both fuel injection pressure (FIP) and fuel–gas pressure drop (ΔP) exert influence on jet breakup characteristics, with ΔP exhibiting more significant influence. Maintaining ΔP at 1 bar, when FIP increased from 4 to 7 bar, gas Weber number (Weg) increased by 87%. While maintaining gas pressure at 5 bar, as ΔP increased from 1 to 3 bar, Weg escalated by 194%. Additionally, jet breakup length under different injection conditions followed a pattern as summarized by Bonhoeffer et al. [“Impact of formulation properties and process parameters on the dispensing and depositioning of drug nanosuspensions using micro-valve technology,” J. Pharm. Sci. 106(4), 1102–1110 (2017)]. The jet surface disturbance was enhanced by the increase in both FIP and ΔP. The detachment of the droplets from main jet stream induced by ΔP resulted in an increase in jet flow width. Furthermore, the effect of ΔP on FPA was more significant compared to FIP. As ΔP rose from 1 to 3 bar, the time-averaged FPA and area-to-mass ratio (Raq) increased 245% and 207%, respectively.

Supernova 1987A’s Keyhole: A Long-lived Jet-pair in the Final Explosion Phase of Core-collapse Supernovae

I further study the manner by which a pair of opposite jets shape the “keyhole” morphological structure of the core-collapse supernova (CCSN) SN 1997A, now the CCSN remnant (CCSNR) 1987A. By doing so, I strengthen the claim that the jittering-jet explosion mechanism accounts for most, likely all, CCSNe. The “keyhole” structure comprises a northern low-intensity zone closed with a bright rim on its front and an elongated low-intensity nozzle in the south. This rim-nozzle asymmetry is observed in some cooling flow clusters and planetary nebulae that are observed to be shaped by jets. I build a toy model that uses the planar jittering jets pattern, where consecutive pairs of jets tend to jitter in a common plane, implying that the accreted gas onto the newly born neutron star at the late explosion phase flows perpendicular to that plane. This allows for a long-lived jet-launching episode. This long-lasting jet-launching episode launches more mass into the jets that can inflate larger pairs of ears or bubbles, forming the main jets’ axis of the CCSNR that is not necessarily related to a possible pre-collapse core rotation. I discuss the relation of the main jets’ axis to the neutron star’s natal kick velocity.

Planetary Nebula Morphologies Indicate a Jet-Driven Explosion of SN 1987A and Other Core-Collapse Supernovae

I demonstrate the usage of planetary nebulae (PNe) to infer that a pair of jets shaped the ejecta of the core-collapse supernova (CCSN) SN 1987A. The main structure of the SN 1987A inner ejecta, the ‘keyhole’, comprises two low-intensity zones. The northern one has a bright rim on its front, while the southern one has an elongated nozzle. An earlier comparison of the SN 1987A ‘keyhole’ with bubbles in the galaxy group NGC 5813 led to its identification as a jet-shaped rim–nozzle structure. Here, I present rim–nozzle asymmetry in planetary nebulae (PNe), thought to be shaped by jets, which solidifies the claim that jets powered the ejecta of SN 1987A and other CCSNe. This finding for the iconic SN 1987A with its unique properties strengthens the jittering-jets explosion mechanism (JJEM) of CCSNe. In a few hundred years, the CCSN 1987A will have a complicated structure with two main symmetry axes, one along the axis of the three circumstellar rings that was shaped by two opposite 20,000-year pre-explosion jets, and the other along the long axis of the ‘keyhole’ that was shaped by the main (but not the only) jet pair of the exploding jets of SN 1987A in the frame of the JJEM.

Numerical Simulation Study of the Operating Characteristics of Attached-Wall Bistable Jet Elements.

In this paper, first, the control principle of wall-mounted bistable jet components is analyzed, and the jet components and the main structures of the inner cavity are introduced. Then, the control equations, turbulence models, boundary conditions, and mesh partitioning of multiphase fluids are established sequentially, and the jet element mesh model was obtained. Finally, qualitative and quantitative analyses are conducted on the attachment process, switching process, and attachment point position. Results show that in the steady state of wall attachment, the fluid layer attached to the wall is the fluid flowing from the control channel on the wall side of the jet attachment, rather than the main jet. The geometric parameters of the jet assembly affect the stability of the jet assembly attachment to the wall and the location of the attachment point.

SEVERE MITRAL INSUFFICIENCY FROM RHEUMATIC DISEASE: A CASE REPORT

Abstract Acute rheumatic fever continues to be a major health problem in many parts of thw world. It’s more common in low–income or developing parts of the world. Antibiotics for bacterial infections may not be available in these areas. In developed countries, cardiac involvement is quite rare. Although traditionally considered to be a disease associated with poverty, rheumatic fever continues to persist even among the middle–class population in developed countries. Children and teenagers with intreated strep infections are the most likely to get rheumatic fever. Signs of heart damage can develop years after the infection. Rheumatic heart disease is the result of valvular damage caused by an abnormal immune response to Streptococcus pyogenes infection. After multiple episodes of rheumatic fever, progressive fibrosis of the heart valves can occur: mitral regurgitation is the most common valvular lesion. We report the case of a 13–year–old, Italian, middle–class girl with rheumatic mitral valve involvement. A 13–years–old comes to the clinic for onset of worsening dyspnea ad easy fatigability. History turns out to be negative for cardiovascular disease and history of recent infections. Echocardiographic examination showed a dilated left ventricle (VTD 148ml, 98 m/mq) with preserved chinese. Severe dilatation of the left atrium with atrio–aortic ratio 2.3 and atrial volume 91 ml/mq. The mitral valve presented a myxomatous, thickened leaflets, predominantly the posterior which appeared retracted and hypomobile with thickening of the subvalvular apparatus with coaptation deficit along the entire coaptation rhyme realizing severe degree insufficiency (CV 7mm, ERO 0.8 cm2, CO 39 l/min). A small cleft at the level of A1, main lesion jet (A1–P3–P2) was also visible. The Echocardiographic appearance suggested outcomes from rheumatic disease so antistreptolysin titer and anti–DNase B antibodies were assayed with high levels found. Penicillin prophylaxis was therefore initiated. For the continuation of the therapeutic course, the case was discussed collegially and a valve replacement rather tan repair was advocated because the valvular and subvalvular apparatus were far too damaged.

2D and 3D Computational Modeling of Surface Flooding in Urbanized Floodplains: Modeling Performance for Various Building Layouts

AbstractUnderstanding the strengths and limitations of the modeling capacity of surface flooding in urbanized floodplains is of utmost importance as such events are becoming increasingly frequent and extreme. In this study, we assess two computational models against laboratory observations of surface urban flooding in a reduced‐scale physical model of idealized urban districts. Four urban layouts were considered, involving each three inlets and three outlets as well as a combination of three‐ and four‐branch crossroads together with open spaces. The first model (2D) solves the shallow‐water equations while the second one (3D) solves the Reynolds‐averaged Navier‐Stokes equations. Both models accurately predict the flow depths in the inlet branches. For the discharge partition between the outlets, deviations between the computations and laboratory observations remain close to the experimental uncertainties (maximum 2.5 percent‐points). The velocity fields computed in 3D generally match the measured surface velocity fields. In urban layouts involving mostly a network of streets, the depth‐averaged velocity fields computed by the 2D model agree remarkably well with those of the 3D model, with differences not exceeding 10%, despite the presence of helicoidal flow (revealed by the 3D computations). In configurations with large open areas, the 3D model captures generally well the trajectory and velocity distribution of main surface flow jet and recirculations; but the 2D model does not perform as well as it does in relatively channelized flow regions. Visual inspection of the jet trajectories computed by the 2D model in large open areas reveals that they substantially deviate from the observations.

Naked Forward Shock Seen in the TeV Afterglow Data of GRB 221009A

We explore the implications of the light curve of the early TeV gamma-ray afterglow of GRB 221009A reported by the LHAASO Collaboration. We show that the reported offset of the reference time, T *, allows the determination of the activation time of the main jet component, which occurs approximately 200 s after the Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) trigger time and closely precedes the moment at which GBM was saturated. We find that while the LHAASO data do not exclude the homogeneous circumburst medium scenario, the progenitor wind scenario looks preferable, finding excellent agreement with the expected size of the stellar bubble. We conclude that the initial growth of the light curve is dominated by processes internal to the jet or by gamma-gamma attenuation on the photons emitted during the prompt phase. Namely, either the activation of the acceleration process or the decrease of internal gamma-gamma absorption can naturally explain the initial rapid flux increase. The subsequent slow flux growth phase observed up to T * + 18 s can be related to the process of particle accumulation in the production region. The duration of this phase allows an almost parameter-independent determination of the jet’s initial Lorentz factor, Γ0 ≈ 600, and magnetic field strength, B′∼0.3G . These values appear to match well those previously revealed through spectral modeling of the GRB emission.

Effects of jet interaction angle on the ignition and combustion characteristics of hydrogen-diesel dual-fuel direct injection

This study investigates the ignition and combustion characteristics of intersecting diesel surrogate (pilot) and hydrogen (H2, main) jets under engine-relevant conditions. The experiments, performed in an optically accessible constant-volume combustion chamber (CVCC), utilised two converging single-hole injectors, with the pilot fuel accounting for 12% of the total injected fuel energy. This study investigated the effects of two key parameters on the ignition process: jet interaction angle (12° to 19°) and ambient O2 concentration (10 to 21 vol.%). The results show that the presence of H2 either advances or delays pilot ignition depending on whether the pilot n-heptane jet ignites before or after interacting with the H2 jet, respectively. The pilot-main ignition transition period is influenced by both jet interaction angle and ambient O2 concentration. Under identical ambient conditions, a smaller jet interaction angle results in a longer transition, while for a constant angle, lower ambient O2 leads to a more prolonged transition. Under 10 vol.% O2 conditions, flame kernels emerge upstream of the main flame body, before eventually merging with the reacting jet downstream, with this phenomenon observed to induce variation in heat and flame stabilisation characteristics. An explanation for the upstream kernel formation is offered based on the entrainment of residual pilot n-heptane-jet fuel into the upstream region of the still-injecting main jet, with the relative jet momentum a likely key contributor influencing this entrainment that impacts kernel formation.

Comparison of flow characteristics of plane jet impingement on a solid plate and on a sand bed

As compared to the well-researched case of a plane jet impinging on a solid plate, relatively rare attention was paid to the impingent on an erodible sand bed, which induces continuous bed transformations and interactively affects the jet development. The present study measured the flow of an impinging plane jet on a solid plate and on an erodible sand bed, respectively, by using particle image velocimetry technology, and then comparatively investigated the flow structure, main jet development and downstream wall jet development for the two cases. The results revealed that the jet impingement on the sand bed has a longer free jet region than that on the solid plate due to enlarged separation distance induced by localized scouring. The width of the plane jet impinging on the sand bed is larger than that on the plate by as high as five times the nozzle width, due to intensified interactions with the complex vortical structures in the concave scour hole. The impinging angle even decreases to negative values near the sand bed due to upward deflection of flow induced by bedform transformation. For both cases, however, the normalized streamwise mean velocity profiles exhibit universal self-similarity at different zones of jet development: specifically, the main jet and the wall jet satisfy exactly the same exponential function and the power law function, respectively.

Numerical parametric study of a sweeping-vortex low-frequency fluidic oscillator

Fluidic oscillators are garnering increasing attention in various fields due to their self-induced oscillation characteristics. This study proposes a novel fluidic oscillator, the sweeping-vortex fluidic oscillator (SVFO), characterized by unique feedback properties. These properties exploit fluid feedback from the side opposite the attached wall and the spin delay of the captive vortex to yield low-frequency oscillating jets. The oscillation characteristics and the influence of main geometric parameters were investigated using computational fluid dynamics approach. Results show that the evolution of the flow field within the SVFO demonstrates an intricately dynamic interacting. The deflection switching of the main jet is primarily controlled by a pair of counter-rotating moving vortexes. Geometric parameters influence the stability of the dynamic evolution of both captive and moving vortexes, thereby altering the signal components of the output performance transmitted to the inlet. The overall width of the oscillator has a pronounced impact on the oscillation frequency, and with an increase in the overall width, a maximum frequency increase of 87 % can be observed. Furthermore, the height of the sweeping chamber and the diameter of the vortex chamber outlet have a noticeable effect on the pressure pulse amplitude. A pressure fluctuation coefficient greater than 1.1 was recorded. The results also suggest that the geometric parameters of the fluidic oscillator need to be designed within a reasonable range; otherwise, the jet oscillator will not function. A more refined optimization of geometric parameters could be obtained with the aim of achieving a stable main jet, feedback flow of appropriate intensity, and optimal attachment conditions. This work reveals the oscillation mechanism and the influence of geometric parameters on SVFOs, providing a theoretical basis for designing related oscillators.

EFFECT OF CYLINDER HEAD GASKET ADDITION AND VARYING OCTANE NUMBER GASOLINE TO INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE PERFORMANCE

The aim of this research was to investigate the different impacts of compression pressure on power and torque outputs using gasoline RON 92, RON 95, and RON 100. The study involved experiments using a single-cylinder motorcycle engine with a capacity of 125 cm. The selection of this type of engine is based on the popularity of vehicles in Indonesia that use a single-cylinder engine with a capacity of 125 cm. To modify the compression pressure, variations in the number of gaskets were applied to the cylinder head, with quantities of 1 and 3 gaskets. Dynamometer tests were conducted to measure the engine's performance differences. Throughout the testing, the settings for the main jet, pilot jet, and the number of idle screw rotations on the carburetor remain constant. The findings indicate that the engine with the highest compression pressure of 11.8 Kg/cm, using RON 100 gasoline, produces the highest power output at 7.9 kW, with the highest torque at 10 Nm.

Modeling hydrogen–diesel dual direct injection combustion with FGM and transported PDF

This work extends the transported probability density function (PDF) method to model hydrogen–diesel dual direct injection (H2DDI) combustion, where a H2 jet is ignited by a small pilot diesel jet flame. The work is motivated by previous H2DDI engine tests where stable compression ignition engine operation was reported with up to 90 % H2 supply by energy share. To help explain this high performance and provide a tool to help further engine optimization, the Eulerian Monte Carlo Fields (EMCF) solution method is employed with which a transported PDF equation is solved in combination with Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) for high accuracy and computational efficiency. In all cases, the pilot fuel ignites before interacting with the H2 jet and thus reaction rate and chemical composition are computed as the weighted average of the corresponding values taken for two separated FGM tables generated for the two fuels. Pressure measurements and high-speed schlieren imaging performed in a preburn-type optical constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC) with n-heptane (nC7H16) pilot fuel were used to validate the EMCF+FGM model. The application focus is how H2 ignition and combustion is affected when the nC7H16 is injected prior to or after the main H2 jet. EMCF+FGM computed heat release rate and flame structure were compared with experimental data and results from conventional FGM model based on presumed PDF. When applied to H2DDI combustion, the EMCF+FGM model successfully reproduces flame structures and heat release rate under different injection strategies, including the transition towards partially-premixed combustion when the nC7H16 pilot follows the main H2 injection. Moreover, analysis of heat release rate from different stochastic fields can provide a useful indication about cyclic variability and combustion stability.

Numerical heat transfer investigation of a single impingement jet with combined V-ribs and preliminary optimization of V-rib configuration in initial crossflow

The heat transfer performance of a single jet impingement configuration with V-ribs on the impingement plate and V-ribs on the target plate was numerically investigated for turbomachinery applications. The geometrical parameters of the impingement wall ribs were kept constant. The effects of the height and the rib-to-jet distance of the target wall ribs were analyzed in detail. The studied jet Reynolds number was Re = 35,000, the separation distance was H/D = 3, and the velocity of jet-to-crossflow ratio was R = 1–5. Based on the numerical results, taking the heat flow rate as the objective, the rib geometry was optimized by the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. The optimized rib configuration was then numerically simulated to validate whether the DE algorithm can be utilized for similar applications. The results of the optimized configuration were compared to those of the sample cases to verify the effectiveness of the optimization. The pressure differences between the inlet of the main jet and the outlet, and between the inlet of the initial crossflow and the outlet were computed to evaluate the pressure loss introduced by the ribs. Thus, this work provides another perspective on designing high efficient anti-crossflow cooling configurations for turbomachinery applications.