Main Influencing Factors Research Articles

Bigels as Novel Drug Delivery Systems: A Systematic Review on Efficiency and Influential Factors.

Bigles are novel formulation merging two phase of hydrogel and organogel revealing dual properties to release active agents based on their lipophilic or hydrophilic nature. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science to find eligible studies evaluating the efficiency of bigels in drug release. 20 articles were included in the analysis based on the defined criteria. The results indicated that several different natural materials were used for bigel making. Span (52.38%) and Sunflower oil (23.80%) were the most solvents used for organogel formation. Also, gelatin, agar, gums, and other types of biopolymer were used as hydroglators. Most research (33.33%) focused on the release of metronidazole from bigel structure. Also, the range of drug release rates was 1.59 - 100% and in 42.85% of studies was >90%. The nature, content, and properties of both organogel and hydrogel and some process variables such as temperature, mixing speed and storage conditions were highlighted as the main influential factors on bigel formation and its bioactivity. Bigels are an innovative structure that provides desired physicochemical and rheological properties for industrial applications. Excellent biocompatibility and in vitro / ex vivo results have been documented for developed bigels. In this regard, an optimal preparation method is very important to show superior therapeutic effects.

Spatial characteristics of health outcomes and geographical detection of its influencing factors in Beijing.

Social determinants of health (SDOH) broadly influence health levels. Research on health and its influencing factors can help improve health status. There is limited research on the spatial stratified heterogeneity of health status and the interactions between the factors influencing it. This study aimed to analyze the spatial characteristics of health outcomes in Beijing and identify its influencing factors. Based on the Healthy Beijing Initiative (2020-2030), we constructed health outcomes and five dimensions of the SDOH evaluation system. Our study measured the health outcomes and SDOH based on the latest data from 16 districts in Beijing in 2020-2022. We explored the spatial characteristics of health outcomes through descriptive and spatial autocorrelation analyses. Moreover, the Geographical Detector (GeoDetector) technique has been used to reveal the effect of SDOH and its interactions on health outcomes. A significant spatial stratified heterogeneity of health outcomes was observed, with the health outcomes mainly exhibiting two clustering types (high-high and low-low) with positive autocorrelation. The results of the geodetector showed that social and economic factors (q = 0.85), healthy lifestyle (q = 0.68) and health service (q = 0.53) could mainly explain the heterogeneity of health outcomes. Social and economic factors, healthy lifestyle and healthy environment gradually became the main influential factor in health outcomes over time. Furthermore, the interaction of any two factors on health outcomes was found to be more pronounced than the impact of a single factor. There existed obvious spatial stratified heterogeneity of health outcomes in Beijing, which could be primarily explained by social and economic factors, and healthy lifestyle and health service.

Influencing Factors for Sanitary Sewage in Brazilian Municipalities

The objective of this work is to identify the main influential factors for the attendance of sanitary sewage in Brazilian municipalities, through a survey and quantitative analysis of secondary data. The justification is to contribute to a more systemic and integrated view of sanitary sewage services in the country and their potential causes linked to the context of infrastructure in the country. The conceptual framework pre-establishes relationships between total sanitary sewage care and independent variables related to the availability of sustainable inputs/technologies, nature and quality of institutions, human competences, financing, socio-environmental governance and sanitary administration. The methodology adopted is quantitative research, with random and stratified sampling of municipalities, applying correlation analysis and multivariate regression. The results of the research point to a positive correlation between the total sanitary sewage service and variables associated with the physical governmental structure and human relations existing in the health area. On the other hand, they identify a negative correlation with legislation aimed at the ecological, economic and social zoning of the localities, which may indicate that this legal-institutional framework is not being properly integrated into the planning and implementation of sanitation infrastructures and, thus, guaranteeing, in fact, better living and housing conditions for the populations.

Decay kinetics of human-associated pathogens in the marine microcosms reveals their new dynamics and potential indicators in the coastal waters of northern China

Pathogens in coastal waters cause infectious diseases and endanger public sanitation safety in humans and animals worldwide. To avoid these risks, timely detection of human-associated pathogens in waters is crucial. In this study, the decay kinetics of the molecular markers for human-associated pathogens, including enteric bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Bacteroides), non-enteric bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), crAssphage, and polyomavirus, were monitored over time at different temperatures and background microbes in seawater microcosms. The results indicated that temperature and native marine microbes were the main influential factors in attenuating bacterial pathogens. Remarkably, the effect of native microorganisms was more evidentially striking. Furthermore, Enterococcus was a more reliable and suitable fecal indicator bacterium than E. coli for the marine environment. The decay of crAssphage was like that of polyomavirus, indicating that it may be a good indicator of enterovirus in seawater. More importantly, the 16S amplicon sequencing data highlighted the decay kinetics of multiple bacterial pathogens in parallel with the dynamic changes of the whole bacterial communities. This study provides valuable information for public health risk management and a new approach to understanding the fate of bacteria in the coastal environment.

A numerical simulation study on the spontaneous imbibition and hydro-thermal coupling in soil using the lattice Boltzmann method

This study presents a numerical simulation of underground water spontaneous upward imbibition at high density ratios using the improved lattice Boltzmann method coupled with the P-R equation of state. Porous media was created using the Quartet Structure Generation Set (QSGS) method. The research delved into the impact of factors such as porosity, soil particle size, capillary force, gravity and temperature on spontaneous imbibition. The results indicated that the permeability coefficient of water spontaneous imbibition rises with higher porosity or larger particles. The influence of gravity on spontaneous imbibition became more significant with increased porosity. Three levels of porosity, namely 0.80, 0.65, and 0.50, were simulated to determine the prevailing force between the thermal-driven force and the gravitational hindrance. The variation of groundwater spontaneous imbibition permeability coefficient under the influence of gravity at different temperature gradients was simulated, as was the change in the permeability coefficient without the influence of gravity. The results revealed that for temperature differences above 4 K, gravity had minimal impact with temperature being the main influential factor. For example, for simulation with temperature difference of 10 K, the permeability coefficient differences were 0.006, 0.015, and 0.014 for the three different porosity levels, respectively. When the temperature difference was below 4 K, the disparity in the permeability coefficient increased significantly compared to zero-gravity conditions. Under these conditions, the influence of gravity was greater. For example, for simulation with temperature difference of 2 K or greater, the permeability coefficient differences were 0.306, 0.300, and 0.108 for the corresponding porosity values respectively.

Root pH variation of herbaceous plants among plant functional groups in response to climate and soil gradients on the Tibetan alpine grasslands.

Plant pH is an emerging functional trait that plays important roles in physiological processes and nutrient cycling. However, how root pH varies among plant functional groups (PFGs) and the regulatory factors on a large scale remain unclear. Therefore, we quantified root pH variation of herbaceous plants in four PFGs from 20 sites on the Tibetan Plateau along a 1600 km transect and explored the correlations between root pH and different PFGs, climate and soil conditions. The results showed that the root pH of herbaceous plants was slightly acidic (6.46 ± 0.05). Grasses had the highest root pH (6.91 ± 0.10) across all functional groups (p < .05), whereas legumes had the lowest (5.90 ± 0.08; p < .05). The root pH decreased with mean annual precipitation, aridity index, soil water content and soil stress coefficient, whereas the significant positive correlation with soil pH. PFGs, climate and soil explained 5.39, 11.15 and 24.94% of the root pH variance, respectively. This study provided a comprehensive analysis of root pH patterns in herbaceous plants over a large spatial scale. Root pH was controlled by the combined influence of PFGs, climate and soil properties, with moisture status being the main influential factor. In contrast to the leaf pH, the root pH of herbaceous plants is strongly affected by the soil pH along environmental gradients. Our findings provide new insights into root functional traits and survival strategies of herbaceous plants in alpine ecosystems.

Soil Microbial Community Structure and Its Contribution to Carbon Cycling in the Yalu River Estuary Wetland

Wetland microbial communities play a vital role in ecosystem functioning, particularly in the intricate processes of carbon cycling. This study employed metagenomic sequencing to investigate the diversity, composition, structural differences, carbon cycling functional gene, and microbial species of soil microbial communities in five distinct soil types of the Yalu River estuary wetland, including shoal soil, bog soil, paddy soil, meadow soil, and brown forest soil. We further explored the influence of environmental factors on both the microbial community structure and carbon cycling functional genes. Our results revealed a bacterial-dominated soil microbial community, constituting about 97.6%. Archaea and fungi represented relatively minor fractions, at 1.9% and 0.4%, respectively. While no significant differences were observed in Chao1 indices between bacterial and fungal communities, the Shannon index revealed notable differences. Both Chao1 and Shannon indices exhibited significant variations within the archaeal communities. The dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Nitrospirae. Thaumarchaeota, Crenarchaeota, and Euryarchaeota formed the major archaeal phyla, while Ascomycota, Mucoromycota, and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal phyla. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis based on Bray-Curtis distance revealed notable differences in the bacterial, archaeal, and fungal community structures across the samples. Redundancy analysis (RDA) identified key environmental factors for the major phyla. Soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), electrical conductivity (EC), and total phosphorus (TP) were the main influencing factors for bacteria, while soil TP, EC, total sulfur (TS), and SOC were the primary drivers for archaeal phyla. Soil total nitrogen (TN) and EC were the main influencing factors for fungal phyla. Analysis of key carbon cycling pathway genes utilizing the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database and clustering heatmap revealed some variations in functional gene composition across different soil types. Mantel test indicated that pH, TN, and SOC were the primary environmental factors influencing microbial functional genes associated with soil carbon cycling. Stratified bar chart analysis further demonstrated that the major contributors to carbon cycling originated from corresponding dominatnt phyla and genera of Proteobacteria, Thaumarchaeota, Actinomycetota, Euryarchaeota, and Bacteroidota. The species and relative abundance of microorganisms associated with carbon cycling pathways varied among the samples. These findings provide a crucial reference for informing the conservation and sustainable management of wetland ecosystems in the Yalu River estuary.

Measurements of 131I activity in thyroid of workers at the place of radioiodine therapy in 38 hospitals in China.

To investigate the levels of 131I activity in thyroid of workers at the place of radioiodine therapy and their main influential factors in China, 341 workers at 38 hospitals performing radioiodine therapy procedure in five provinces were recruited to be measured in 2021. A hand-held gamma spectrometer with NaI(Tl) probe was plastered to the thyroids and thighs of the subjects during the measurement, and each measurement time was 120s. The internal exposure dose was calculated, and the committed effective dose was estimated. In 86 (25.22%) of the 341 examined workers, 131I thyroid activity was above minimum detectable activity (MDA, 26.6Bq). The maximum activity was 4.9 × 103Bq. The detection results above MDA were at 22 (57.89%) different hospitals. The detectable rate for private hospitals (4.8%) was significantly lower than that for public hospitals (26.6%), P < 0.05. The detectable rate for hospitals in provincial capital cities (15.4%) was significantly lower than in nonprovincial capital cities (41.7%), P < 0.001. The detectable rate for hospitals engaged in 131I therapy for thyroid cancer (31.2%) was significantly higher than only for hyperthyroidism (10.3%), P < 0.001. A total of 32 subjects' committed effective dose might exceed 1mSv. Results indicated the 131I activity in the thyroid of workers at the place of radioiodine varied considerably in China, and mainly related to ownership, location and therapy program of the hospitals.

Screening of Indicators to Evaluate the Overwintering Growth of Leaf-Vegetable Sweet Potato Seedlings and Their Main Influential Factors

Screening of Indicators to Evaluate the Overwintering Growth of Leaf-Vegetable Sweet Potato Seedlings and Their Main Influential Factors

Seismic behavior analysis of long-span cable-stayed bridge under bi-directional near-fault ground motions

In this paper, the seismic behaviors of a long-span cable-stayed bridge subjected to bi-directional near-fault ground motions are analyzed. The cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 432 m is selected as the research object and appropriately modeled using the OpenSees software. Ten sets of historical near-fault and far-field ground motions associated with the same earthquake event and site class are utilized as input excitations. Nonlinear time-history analyses are conducted to explore three key aspects: the influence of ground motion directionality, the effectiveness of the percentage rule and simplified Square-Root-of-Sum-of-Squares (SRSS) rule, and the main influential factors. The findings reveal that near-fault ground motions induce larger seismic responses compared to far-field ground motions. Moreover, the effects of ground motion directionality are more pronounced in near-fault scenarios than in far-field events. The percentage rule and simplified SRSS rule demonstrate minor significance in predicting the critical seismic responses. The bi-directional peak ground velocity (PGV) of seismic motions in the principal directions of the cable-stayed bridge may emerge as the primary factor influencing the seismic responses, making it a suitable intensity measure for bi-directional seismic fragility assessment.

Research on Green Production of the Iron and Steel Industry Based on DDF-BML Model

Although the iron and steel industry serves as the pillar industry of national economic development, the negative effects of its high emission and high pollution characteristics on the environment cannot be ignored. In order to achieve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals at an early time and implement five priority tasks, including cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs and strengthening areas of weakness, it is urgent to realize the green production of the iron and steel industry. This paper takes listed iron and steel companies from 2016 to 2019 as research samples, and applies the two-stage Malmquist index based on the directional distance function (DDF) to measure the green total factor productivity (GTFP) of iron and steel enterprises. From macro and micro perspectives, the empirical model is used to explore the main influential factors of gtfp. The empirical results show that the overall gtfp growth rate of iron and steel enterprises is not ideal, falling behind at the end of the manufacturing industry. The promotion effect of R&amp;D investment is limited, and the environmental carrying capacity of the production cluster area is approaching the limit. Based on the above empirical results, this paper proposes the following workable implementation path to the realization of the green production of iron and steel industry: On the one hand, the iron and steel enterprises should pay attention to improve technical efficiency, constantly improve low-carbon production process, optimize industrial layout. On the other hand, the government should guide the digital and intelligent development of the iron and steel industry and strengthen supervision to ensure the safety and stability of the supply of resources in the iron and steel industry.

The relationship between long non-coding gene CASC21 polymorphisms and cervical cancer

ABSTRACT Background CASC21 was reported to be a hotspot gene in cervical cancer. The relationship between CASC21 genetic polymorphisms and cervical cancer has not been reported. Genetic factors influence the occurrence of cervical cancer. Thus, we explored the correlation between CASC21 polymorphisms and cervical cancer. Methods A total of 973 participants within 494 cervical cancer cases and 479 healthy controls were recruited. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CASC21 gene were genotyped using the Agena MassARRAY platform. Chi-squared test, logistic regression analysis, odds ratio (OR), multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR), and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were used for data analysis. Results In the overall analysis, rs16902094 (p = .014, OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.12–3.08) and rs16902104 (p = .014, OR = 1.86, 95% CI = 1.12–3.09) had the risk-increasing correlation with the occurrence of cervical cancer. Stratification analysis showed that rs16902094 and rs16902104 were still associated with cervical cancer risk in the subgroups with age > 51, BMI < 24 kg/m2, smokers, and patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. MDR analysis displayed that rs16902094 (.49%) and rs16902104 (.52%) were the main influential attribution factor for cervical cancer risk. Conclusion Our finding firstly determined that two CASC21 SNPs (rs16902094, rs16902104) were associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer, which adds to our knowledge regarding the effect of CASC21 on cervical carcinogenesis.

Hydraulic Relationship between Hulun Lake and Cretaceous Confined Aquifer Using Hydrochemistry and Isotopic Data

Hydraulic Relationship between Hulun Lake and Cretaceous Confined Aquifer Using Hydrochemistry and Isotopic Data

Apply an Inclined Track to Enhance the Performance of Fosbury Flop High Jump Athletes

Background and Aim: The high jump was a dominant sport in China, with three athletes breaking the world record five times. However, in the following period, the high jump performance of Chinese athletes showed a declining trend, and the gap with the world’s best high jump athletes was obvious. Many studies have shown that speed ability is the main influence factor of the high jump, to change the current situation of the Chinese Fosbury flop high jump sport, this study designed an inclined track to improve the speed ability of athletes, to achieve the purpose of improving performance. This paper aims to apply the inclined track to improve Fosbury flop high jumpers’ speed ability. Materials and Methods: 10 experts were selected for this study and interviewed to determine the test metrics. An inclined track was designed and made, and 5 experts conducted IOC tests on the inclined track. In addition, 5 Fosbury flop high jumpers from Xi'an Physical Education University were selected for the study to experiment. t-test independent was performed on the technical index data using a computer software package. Results: The research results show that: (1) Inclined track had a high validity (IOC=.97) and safety for training. And (2) Comparison within 5 high jumpers found that all of the variables (Velocity of center of gravity, Step lengths for the last 2 steps, Step lengths for the last 1 step) were significant (*P&lt;.05). Conclusion: The research suggests that the inclined track is a valid and safe training method. Additionally, the study found significant differences in key variables among high jumpers, emphasizing the importance of these factors in high jump performance.

Climate Change-Related Disaster Risk Mitigation through Innovative Insurance Mechanism: A System Dynamics Model Application for a Case Study in Latvia

This study explores how the System Dynamics modeling approach can help deal with the problem of conventional insurance mechanisms by studying the feedback loops governing complex systems connected to the disaster insurance mechanism. Instead of addressing the disaster’s underlying risk, the traditional disaster insurance strategy largely focuses on providing financial security for asset recovery after a disaster. This constraint becomes especially concerning as the threat of climate-related disasters grows since it may result in rising long-term damage expenditures. A new insurance mechanism is suggested as a solution to this problem to lower damage costs while safeguarding insured assets and luring new assets to be protected. A local case study utilizing a System Dynamics stock and flow model is created and validated by examining the model’s structure, sensitivity analysis, and extreme value test. The results of the case study performed on a city in Latvia highlight the significance of effective disaster risk reduction strategies applied within the innovative insurance mechanism in lowering overall disaster costs. The logical coherence seen throughout the analysis of simulated scenario results strengthens the established model’s plausibility. The case study’s findings support the innovative insurance mechanism’s dynamic hypothesis and show the main influencing factors on the dynamics within the proposed innovative insurance mechanism. The information this study can help insurance firms, policy planners, and disaster risk managers make decisions that will benefit local communities and other stakeholders regarding climate-related disaster risk mitigation.

Study on the Impact of Vegetation Restoration on Groundwater Resources in Tianshan Mountain and Yili Valley in Xinjiang, China

China has implemented a series of ecological protection and restoration projects in Tianshan Mountain and Yili Valley in Xinjiang, which have significantly improved regional vegetation coverage. Vegetation improves soil structure through roots, especially increasing non-capillary porosity, which enhances the precipitation infiltration performance, thus reducing surface runoff, increasing the interception and infiltration of groundwater resources, and enhancing regional water retention capacity of soil. In order to quantitatively study the impact of ecological conservation and restoration (represented by fraction of natural vegetation coverage, FVC) on groundwater storage (GWS), we investigated GWS changes in this region, identified the main factors, and quantified their relative impacts. Here, we combined data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite, GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO), and Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) hydrological model from January 2003 to December 2020 and evaluated GWS changes. We used the variable importance in projection and partial least squares regression methods to determine the main influencing factors. We found that (1) before and after 2012, GWS decreased at a rate of 0.80 cm/yr and 0.75 cm/yr (with statistical significance p &lt; 0.01), respectively. (2) Before 2012, the main factors affecting the decrease in GWS were agricultural planting areas, and after 2012, they were temperature, evaporation, and FVC, with relative contributions of 54.72%, 34.59%, and 10.69%, respectively. FVC has a positive regulating effect on the increase in regional GWS.

Research on the Impact and Countermeasures of the Three Child Policy on the Career Planning of Nurses who Have Given Birth to One Child

To understand the current status of nursing career planning and explore the influencing factors of the three child policy on the career planning of nurses who have given birth to one child, in order to provide a basis for the management of nursing human resources. Method: Cluster sampling was used to select 515 clinical nurses from a tertiary hospital in Xi'an from August 2021 to September 2022 as the research subjects. A general information questionnaire and a career status evaluation scale were used for the questionnaire survey. The result of the nurse career status evaluation scale was (81.84 ± 15.16) points. There were differences in scores for education level, hospital attributes, job position, nursing years, per capita annual income of the family, whether they had given birth, age of the first child, working time during pregnancy, and planned years of continuing nursing work after giving birth to three children (all P&lt;0.05).The age of the first child and the planned duration of nursing work after giving birth to a third child are the main influencing factors for the career planning of nurses. Conclusion: The three child policy has had a significant impact on the career status of nurses and the allocation of nursing human resources. It is recommended that nursing managers take targeted intervention measures to promote the development of nursing teams.

Impact Factors of Industrial Pollution and Carbon Reduction under the “Dual Carbon” Target: A Case Study of Urban Aggregation in the Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta

China is facing pressure to reduce carbon emissions and control pollution. Promoting the synergy between pollution reduction and carbon reduction has become an inevitable choice to achieve the construction of a beautiful China and meet the dual carbon target. This study examines the main factors influencing industrial pollution and carbon reduction in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and Yangtze River Delta (YRD) urban agglomerations based on data on industrial CO2 and local air pollutants (LAP) from 2002 to 2021, using the random forest regression model. The results indicate that (1) industrial CO2 emissions have increased overall, while intensity has decreased. Additionally, both industrial LAP emissions and intensity have decreased. (2) The main factor influencing industrial CO2 and LAP emissions is the proportion of industrial value added above the scale. Additionally, the proportion of R&amp;D internal expenditure in GDP and total trade imports and exports are the main influencing factors of industrial CO2 emissions. The industrial fume and dust removal rate mainly affects industrial LAP emissions. (3) There is a clear non-linear relationship between industrial CO2- and LAP-influencing factors and emissions, which can be attributed to the scale effect factor, the lagging effect of R&amp;D expenditure, and the inappropriate treatment of the “three wastes” by relevant departments that is non-linear. The urban agglomerations of PRD and YRD should prioritize the reduction of carbon emissions, upgrading and transforming their industrial structures, promoting the impact of foreign trade on pollution and carbon reduction, and achieving a balance between sustainable economic development and environmental protection.

Differences in urban daytime and night block vitality based on mobile phone signaling data: A case study of Kunming’s urban district

Abstract Exploring the pattern of block vitality within cities and its influencing factors is an important topic in urban vitality research, which has great significance in promoting high-quality urban development. However, existing research has paid little attention to the spatial difference characteristics of daytime and night urban vitality and the differences in their influencing factors. Using the urban area of Kunming, China, as a case study, this study explores the differences in spatial patterns of daytime and night vitality at the intra-city block scale and analyses the differences in the main influencing factors of daytime and night block vitality using spatial regression models. The study obtains the following findings: (1) daytime block vitality in Kunming’s urban district (the urban Dist. of KM) is higher than night block vitality. The First Ring Area has the highest daytime block vitality, whereas the Second Ring Area has the highest night block vitality. (2) Block vitality in the urban Dist. of KM presents a polycentric structure. (3) There are obvious differences in the factors influencing urban vitality between daytime and night, with work accessibility, functional mixing, daily consumption accessibility, floor area ratio, and average building age, having different directions of influence on daytime and night urban vitality. (4) Daytime urban vitality in the urban Dist. of KM relies on work activities, while night urban vitality relies on residential activities. The results provide a scientific basis for urban land use layout, facility construction, and higher-quality urban planning and management, thus promoting sustainable urban development.

Dynamic buckling response of buried X70 steel pipe with bolted flange connection under two-charge explosion loads

It is of great significance to investigate the dynamic response of pipes under blasting loads for the operation, assessment, and repair of pipes. However, there are few studies available on the dynamic buckling response of pipes under multiple explosion loads. In the present study, pipe-soil coupling 3-D models are established to investigate the dynamic buckling response of X70 steel pipe with bolted flange connection (BFC) under two-charge explosion loads (Charge A lied on the ground surface and Charge B lied in the soil). The main influencing factors are also discussed, including explosion mode, internal pressure, interval time, mass ratio of charges, and diameter-to-thickness ratio (D/t ratio). When Charges A and B were exploded simultaneously, it is found that the non-pressurized X70 pipe produced more significant cross-sectional deformation than in one-point explosion (Charge A or B). Increasing D/t ratio is advantageous for the anti-explosion of the pipe with BFC. Suitable internal pressure can effectively prevent the buckling deformation of the pipe. Compared with the common straight pipe, BFC system can effectively decrease the local buckling deformation and improve the anti-explosion ability of the pipe due to its higher local stiffness and energy absorption.