Main Important Factors Research Articles

The arginine decarboxylase gene ADC1, associated to the putrescine pathway, plays an important role in potato cold-acclimated freezing tolerance as revealed by transcriptome and metabolome analyses.

Low temperature severely influences potato production as the cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) is frost sensitive, however the mechanism underlying the freezing tolerance of the potato is largely unknown. In the present research, we studied the transcriptome and metabolome of the freezing-tolerant wild species Solanum acaule (Aca) and freezing-sensitive cultivated S.tuberosum (Tub) to identify the main pathways and important factors related to freezing tolerance. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotation indicated that polyamine and amino acid metabolic pathways were specifically upregulated in Aca under cold treatment. The transcriptome changes detected in Aca were accompanied by the specific accumulation of putrescine, saccharides, amino acids and other metabolites. The combination of transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that putrescine exhibited an accumulative pattern in accordance with the expression of the arginine decarboxylase gene ADC1. The primary role of putrescine was further confirmed by analyzing all three polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) and the genes encoding the corresponding enzymes in two sets of potato genotypes with distinct freezing tolerance, implying that only putrescine and ADC1 were uniquely enhanced by cold in the freezing-tolerant genotypes. The function of putrescine was further analyzed by its exogenous application and the overexpression of SaADC1 in S.tuberosum cv. E3, indicating its important role(s) in cold-acclimated freezing tolerance, which was accompanied with the activation of C-repeat binding factor genes (CBFs). The present research has identified that the ADC1-associated putrescine pathway plays an important role in cold-acclimated freezing tolerance of potato, probably by enhancing the expression of CBF genes.

Review: Peran Enzim dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Kopi

Indonesia is the third largest coffee producing nation in the world after Brazil and Vietnam. The types and the characteristics of Indonesian coffee are different in each area but the main important factor of consumer acceptance depends on its bitterness level. Chlorogenic acid lactone is a compounds that play an important role as contributor to the coffee bitterness that are formed during the roasting process of coffee bean because of its precursor chlorogenic acid. Chlorogenic acid is commonly found in many plants. One of them can be found in coffee with high concentration. Chlorogenic acid lactone (bitter compound) can be hydrolyzed to chlorogenic acid (non-bitter compound) using hog liver esterase and chlorogenate esterase. This study aimed to analyze the use of these enzymes to decrease the level of bitterness in coffee. The results indicated that HLE and chlorogenate esterase effectively hydrolyzed chlorogenic acid lactones in coffee. Based on the sensory test, coffee extracts treated with enzymes were less bitter than the untreated coffee extracts. If it was associated with Indonesian local coffee then the method can be done with chlorogenate esterase that was in accordance with the legal guarantee of halal product.

Kajian Pemilihan Moda Transportasi Rute Bandara Kuala Namu – Medan

Transportation is defined as the process of moving passengers or goods from one place to another. In transportation planning, mode choice analysis is one of the important things that needs to be conducted in order to obtain traveler’s reasoning and factors that affect their choices. In this study, we conducted mode choice analysis for Kuala Namu airport to Medan trip. Several factors that areinfluential to mode choice are safety, convenience, cost, and travel time. We use Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to analyze the weight of importance of these factors according to the travelers. Questionnaires were distributed followed by interview with respondents that actually make the trip between the two places. The result shows that safety (51.93%) is the main important factor, followedby convenience (36.11%), cost (24.04%), cost (9.01%), and travel time (2.95%). In terms of preferred mode according to travelers, train and private car are the best alternative with the value of 45.20% and 41.75% respectively. The least favorable alternatives are bus (7.43%) and taxi (5.62%).

Superior protein titers in half the fermentation time: Promoter and process engineering for the glucose-regulated GTH1 promoter of Pichia pastoris.

Protein production in Pichia pastoris is often based on the methanol‐inducible P AOX1 promoter which drives the expression of the target gene. The use of methanol has major drawbacks, so there is a demand for alternative promoters with good induction properties such as the glucose‐regulated P GTH1 promoter which we reported recently. To further increase its potential, we investigated its regulation in more details by the screening of promoter variants harboring deletions and mutations. Thereby we could identify the main regulatory region and important putative transcription factor binding sites of P GTH1. Concluding from that, yeast metabolic regulators, monomeric Gal4‐class motifs, carbon source‐responsive elements, and yeast GC‐box proteins likely contribute to the regulation of the promoter. We engineered a P GTH1 variant with greatly enhanced induction properties compared with that of the wild‐type promoter. Based on that, a model‐based bioprocess design for high volumetric productivity in a limited time was developed for the P GTH1 variant, to employ a glucose fed‐batch strategy that clearly outperformed a classical methanol fed‐batch of a P AOX1 strain in terms of titer and process performance.

Validation and Examination of Existing Water Distribution Network for Continuous Supply of Water Using EPANET

Dire Dawa, the second largest city of Ethiopia, was facing about the distribution system adopted for supplying clean water. It was being observed that an intermittent type of supply with main and secondary distribution pipes. It was observed that, the current water demand has surpassed the present existing supply about 65%. Hence, in order to provide sufficient quantity and good potable water with continuous (24 X 7) water supply for various sectors of study area: Sabiyan region, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia, was selected. Also, Dire Dawa Water Supply & Sewerage Authority has taken a strong decision in order to validate and examine the existing water distribution network for improved water supply. On the other hand, the main important factor which effects the validation is that the age of pipes and other accessories in present existing network were longstanding. Therefore, to avoid the leakage losses and various problems encountered with the present system, a detailed is study is conducted and the analysis is carried out using EPANET tool to design for continuous water supply. After thorough analysis by considering future concerns, it was suggested that, two GLSRs of each with 2.7 Mm3 capacity may be provided in order to meet the future demands. The tanks are provided at required elevation to ensure that the water flows in all pipes of the network efficiently. Based on the output it was observed that the diameter of pipes from the existing system ought to be revised. Additionally, other parameters which effect the network like frictional losses, velocity of flow in the pipes, residual head and pressure at nodes were also examined thoroughly by the use of different tools like WaterGEMS and Auto CAD in addition to EPANET.

Operational control method for train integrity monitoring based on optical coherent reflectometry data

The paper presents a novel method for wagon counting of moving trains. The method is based on optical coherent reflectometry data from an area of train track laying. A wagon number operational control in a train composition is widely used as one of the main methods of train integrity monitoring. In turn, train integrity is one of the main important factors in the security provision of railway traffic. The method proposed in the paper is simple, intuitive and easily realizable in practice. Its high economic efficiency is caused by the fact that the method does not require any additional equipment with exception of that already installed in the monitoring system of the train movement regulation on the base of optical coherent reflectometry. The proposed algorithm is built upon the joint application of the hidden Markov model and Viterbi-like method used for sequence of states evaluation of the hidden Markov model. The field-service tests performed at the real railroad haul have proved high practical efficiency of the approach.

Factors affecting interest in cardiothoracic surgery among junior surgical residents in Nigeria.

SummaryObjective:A survey was undertaken to determine the factors that affect interest in cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) among junior surgical residents in Nigeria.Methods:A cross-sectional study was done using a pilottested, 56-item, semi-structured questionnaire, which was filled in by 238 junior surgical residents in accredited hospitals in Nigeria.Results:Few of the respondents (8.4%) were committed to specialising in CTS. A minority of them, 28.2 and 2.1%, had assisted in major thoracic procedures and open-heart surgeries, respectively. The relationship between the level of training, rotation in CTS in junior residency and interest in CTS were statistically significant (p < 0.05). The main important factors responsible for the low interest in CTS include the lack of equipment (92%), limited training positions (64.9%), poor or lack of exposure in CTS as a junior resident (63%) and in medical school (58.8%).Conclusion:There is a dire need to provide facilities and training opportunities to improve the cardiothoracic workforce in Nigeria.

Does Intradisciplinary Conflict Influence to Outcomes of Emergency Medicine Residency Program? A Mixed Methods Study.

To explore impact of emergency medicine residency program on patient waiting times in emergency department (ED) and determine the associated factors. A two-phased sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach was used. The first phase was comprised of retrospective before-after design of ED encounters for a 3-month period, six months before and six months after the introduction of an emergency medicine residency program in an Iranian teaching hospital. The second phase included semi-structured interviews with five individuals which purposively selected to participate in qualitative design. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively and qualitative data were analysed using an iterative framework approach. The most patients were admitted to the hospital in night shift, both before and after the resident EMS. No statistically significant differences were found among all of the waiting times during the two time periods except for the average time interval between admission and physician start time (p<0.0001), which increased (instead of reducing), and the average time interval between physician start time and first treatment measure (p<0.0001), which decreased during the year the residents began. The interviewees revealed the intradisciplinary conflicts and interferences existing between ED and other specialist departments, are main important factor to delayed processing of patients visits. This study has shown that intradisciplinary conflict would affect the outcomes of emergency medicine residency program and ED process. These new findings enhance the understanding of the nature of conflicts and will persuade policy makers that design a set of clinical practice guidelines to clarify the duties and responsibilities of parties involved in ED.

Does Intradisciplinary Conflict Influence to Outcomes of Emergency Medicine Residency Program? A Mixed Methods Study

To explore impact of emergency medicine residency program on patient waiting times in emergency department (ED) and determine the associated factors.A two-phased sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach was used. The first phase was comprised of retrospective before-after design of ED encounters for a 3-month period, six months before and six months after the introduction of an emergency medicine residency program in an Iranian teaching hospital. The second phase included semi-structured interviews with five individuals which purposively selected to participate in qualitative design. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively and qualitative data were analysed using an iterative framework approach.The most patients were admitted to the hospital in night shift, both before and after the resident EMS. No statistically significant differences were found among all of the waiting times during the two time periods except for the average time interval between admission and physician start time (p<0.0001), which increased (instead of reducing), and the average time interval between physician start time and first treatment measure (p<0.0001), which decreased during the year the residents began. The interviewees revealed the intradisciplinary conflicts and interferences existing between ED and other specialist departments, are main important factor to delayed processing of patients visits.This study has shown that intradisciplinary conflict would affect the outcomes of emergency medicine residency program and ED process. These new findings enhance the understanding of the nature of conflicts and will persuade policy makers that design a set of clinical practice guidelines to clarify the duties and responsibilities of parties involved in ED.

Servizi ecosistemi delle foreste calabresi: la percezione degli stakeholders

Abstract: In the last decades, the ecological, economic and social analysis of benefits provided by ecosystem to society has coved a great importance in the scientific international literature. The main studies focuses on three aspects: ecosystem services potential supply, demand and use. The potential supply is defined as the ecosystem biophysical capacity to supply services, while the demand represents the amount of service desired by the society. The third aspect considers the current use of a ecosystem service in order to satisfy the social demand. This study focused on the evaluation of social demand on ecosystem services provided by forests at local level (Calabria region) under the project “ALForLab”. The main objective of the present study is to analyze the stakeholders’ opinions and preferences of forest sector in Calabria Region about relevance of forest ecosystem services and categories of ecosystem services. The study, conducted in four areas (Pollino, Sila, Catena Costiera and Serre Calabre), was structured in three steps: (i) identification and classification of stakeholders (stakeholder analysis); (ii) administration of a questionnaire to the previously identified stakeholders; (iii) statistical analysis of the data collected by questionnaire. Stakeholders’ opinions and preferences were analyzed in order to highlight the differences between study areas and groups of stakeholders. At the end of the stakeholder analysis, 320 stakeholders were identified and contacted, 71 of whom filled in the questionnaire (response rate of 22%). The results show that the two main categories of ecosystem services are the supporting services and regulating services. According to the stakeholders’ opinions the three most important forest ecosystem services are: biodiversity, landscape and hydrogeological protection. Landscape is particularly important because it is strictly linked to the cultural value and social identity of a territory. This survey show that the characteristics and peculiarities of each study area are the main factors that influence the stakeholders’ preferences on single elements of the landscape. In the study areas characterized by a high natural value (Pollino, Sila and Serre Calabre) the stakeholders consider the natural elements of the landscape (forests and water bodies) as the most important, while in the most urbanized study area (Catena Costiera) the anthropic and cultural elements have a key importance. Finally, the stakeholders consider the forest fires, the illegal cuttings and the forest management abandonment the three main important threat factors to forests functionality in Calabria.

Spatial distribution of soil organic carbon and its influencing factors under the condition of ecological construction in a hilly-gully watershed of the Loess Plateau, China

Carbon is an essential element for plants and plays an important role in terrestrial ecosystem functions by affecting soil properties and quality. A large percentage of organic carbon is stored in soils, and even small changes in soil carbon can significantly alter CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere and contribute to global climate change. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is one of the hot spots in soil nutrient research. In this study, SOC concentration and its correlations with environmental factors were studied in the Wangmaogou Watershed of Wuding River, China. To enhance the understanding of the spatial patterns of SOC and its dominant influencing factors, 216 sites were sampled by field sampling in a 100×100m grid from a soil profile of 100cm (thickness of each layer is 20cm). This study included five land use types and 216 sites: terrace (18), grassland (114), forestland (48), sloped cropland (20) and dammed field (16). Mean SOC concentrations showed a downward trend with increasing soil depth. One-way ANOVA revealed that SOC concentrations differed significantly among the five soil layers (P<0.01). The SOC concentration of A1 (0–20cm) soil layers showed a significant difference (P<0.05) with type of land use. The mean SOC concentrations in the five land use types were in the following decreasing order: grassland>forestland>terrace>sloped cropland>dammed field and SOC content in five soil layers (0–100cm) was 115.00, 120.80, 116.70, 111.20 and 102.10Mghm−2, respectively. SOC stock in the 0–100cm soil layers was 113.16Mghm−2 in Wangmaogou Watershed. In conclusion, land use type was the main important factor influencing SOC concentration in Wangmaogou Watershed. The promotion of the soil and water conservation measures for increasing SOC had a constructive significance in the river basin of Loess plateau.

An enhanced burst assembly scheme over optical burst switching networks

Recently, real-time traffic occupied a large portion of the internet's traffic, which has strict quality of service (QoS) requirements in terms of delay. Thus, guaranteeing the network end-to-end delay is one of the main important factors to guarantee the QoS for the real time traffic over the internet. Constant bit rate (CBR) traffic is one of the real time traffic forms that have been proposed as a solution for reducing the size of transmission and storage. In optical burst switching (OBS) network, the entire delay is calculated based on the collection of the burst assembly time, the offset time, and the propagation delay. Thus, the OBS must be able to guarantee the delay requirements of CBR traffic as real time traffic. This paper introduces a novel OBS burst assembly scheme called burst assembly with CBR traffic delay requirements (BACDR) scheme that guarantees the delay requirements of CBR traffic over OBS networks. The results showed that the BACDR scheme can guarantee the delay requirements of CBR traffic under various conditions such traffic load, the value of maximum packet transfer delay, or the design of the network topology.

Clinical features and prognostic factors in children with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognostic factors in children with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension(IPAH). Methods The data of children with IPAH diagnosed in Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2006 to December 2015 were collected.The cases were divided into survival group and death group according to the prognosis.The risk factors influencing prognosis in children with IPAH were identified by Logistic regression analysis. Results Total 26 patients were enrolled in this study, and 17 of them survived and 9 of them were dead.IPAH was found to be more common in school-age children.The average age of the patients was(6.6±3.6)years and the male to female ratio was 1.17∶1.All of the children had the symptoms with decreased activity tolerance and fatigue.The incidence of syncope and dyspnea and edema of lower extremity were 34.6%, 23.1%.Accentuated pulmonic second sound(P2) was detected in 92.3% of patients during physical examination, which was also the most common sign.About 50.0% patients were functional class Ⅲ-Ⅳ.Echocardiography showed that all childrens' mean pulmonary artery systolic pressure(PASP) was(79.0±20.3) mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and 16 of them with right ventricular dilatation.Electrocardiogram with ST-T changes and right ventricular high voltage were common.The average plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) in all cases was(870.4±720.9) pg/ml.The single factor analysis illustrated that syncope(OR=26.25, 95%CI 3.04-226.60, P=0.003), heart functional class Ⅲ-Ⅳ(OR=19.199, 95%CI 1.88-196.53, P=0.0128), PASP≥70 mmHg(OR=9.936, 95%CI 1.81-∞, P=0.005), BNP≥850 pg/ml(OR=59.991, 95%CI 4.69-767.62, P=0.002) indicated the worse outcome. Conclusion IPAH in children is rare and the prognosis is poor.Syncope, cardiac function grade, PASP and the levels of BNP are the main important factors affecting the prognosis of children with IPAH.BNP has important clinical significance for the evaluation of IPAH and the prognosis of the disease. Key words: Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension; Clinical features; Prognosis; Children

Hubungan Mutu Pelayanan Dengan Loyalitas Pelanggan Jasa Pengiriman Paket Pada Kantor Pos Kota Depok

&lt;p&gt;fice were (1) To identify the relationship between service quality and customer loyalty; (2) To analyze the relationship strength between service quality and customer loyalty; (3) Assessing the service quality level by Depok City Post Office. The data collecting were primary and secondary data. Convenience sampling was chosen as sampling technique. The research analyze by descriptive analysis, Importance Performance Analysis (IPA), Range and Rank Spearman correlation test, and processed by Microsoft Excel 2007 and Software SPSS 17.0 version for Windows. The study by IPA showed the attribute spread out around all quadrant with the majority attributes placed on quadrant III, however the study will be focused on attributes placed Quadrant I: completly of information media, quick service and complaint service, which are the main important factors to improve. The research finding was proven the customer is categorize as loyal customer. The analysis of work attributes level showed reliability has no relation with loyality. The Relationship between Good Quality of Customer Service and Customer Packaging Delivery Service Loyalty in Depok City Post Office is strong showed by r = 0,277.&lt;/p&gt;

Gaussian process surrogate model for the design of circular, planar coils used in inductive power transfer for electric vehicles

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in inductive charging systems for electric vehicles. Since the efficiency of the charging system is highly dependent on the couplers used, the design of the coil system is a key issue for inductive power transfer (IPT). As the coil system has numerous variables, a full factorial analysis of the system is not possible due to the long computation time of the numerical simulation model. Therefore, a surrogate model is developed, which approximates and interpolates the complex and expensive simulation code. With this ‘model of the model’, a reliable and efficient dimensioning and optimisation of the coil system within seconds is possible. It identifies the main important factors and their influence on the IPT system. Based on this surrogate model, important factor relations can be determined, which allow a significant improvement of the behaviour of the IPT system. All simulations conducted in this study are validated and verified.

The defendant's right to counsel in criminal justice authorities; manifestation of civil rights

Citizens' rights are basic human rights that God has created it with his alter ego. One of the most important teachings of human rights, the rights of the accused, guarantee and support throughout the judicial process In light of the provision of legal mechanisms necessary for the support and assistance of counsel in the criminal proceedings. The realization of the rights of the accused in the possibility to benefit from selective lawyers, elected and free of foundations and civil rights deemed fundamental effects. Custodians of transnational criminal policy through a number of binding documents and guidance on global and regional levels, And criminal policy of Iran in the shadow of Fratqnyny regulations, legislation, legislative down The right of access to legal counsel and defendants in support of having it identified and finally to have recognized. Unfortunately, enforcement officials mentioned the many challenges faced, thus, in this study the role and mechanisms for supporting this noble human rights approach, one of the main important factors in protecting citizens' rights and guarantee a fair trial in a criminal case will be discussed. Please cite this article as: Mahdavipour A, Naghibi SMR. The defendant's right to counsel in criminal justice authorities; manifestation of civil rights. Bioeth J Q 2016; 6(21): 157-176.

Impact of Celebrity Endorsement on Studentss Buying Behaviour: An Indian Perspective

The celebrity endorsements have become a magic potion for all marketers today. Celebrity can be seen endorsing in almost all television advertisements making it an India’s Rs 2,000-crore celebrity endorsement market. Though there are many studies about celebrity endorsements, but it seems that there is limited research about the extent to which consumers’ purchase intention is regulated by celebrity endorsements. The purpose of this paper is to specify the impact of celebrity endorsers in advertisements on purchase intentions of students as customers. Primary data collected from 146 respondents through closed ended/structured questionnaire and statistical tools like Factor Analysis and Multiple regression method are used for this research. Factor Analysis decomposed the variables into factors like value for money, celebrity name, celebrity influence, product features and brand attractiveness and through multiple regressions the impact (percentage) of celebrity endorsements has been calculated. It was found that value of money, celebrity influence and celebrity name are the main important factors which influence the buying behavior of today’s youth.

Biodiesel synthesis using heterogeneous catalyst in a packed-microchannel

The goal of this research was to investigate the using of a packed-microchannel reactor to continuously synthesize biodiesel in a heterogeneous catalyst system. Calcium oxide (CaO) was used as a catalyst and was activated with methanol to enhance the catalytic performance for the transesterification reaction of palm oil. The synthesized activated CaO was characterized and confirmed by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Hammett indicator and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) techniques. The results indicated that the catalyst with higher surface area and total basicity was provided after activation and showed the higher catalytic activity compared to that of as-received CaO. The main important factors affecting the biodiesel synthesis were investigated and the optimal reaction conditions based on the purity of biodiesel were also determined. Complete reaction with the purity of biodiesel of 99% was achieved despite the short residence time used in this research. The optimal reaction conditions within the investigated parameter region were 65°C, methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 24:1, and residence time of 8.9min. The catalyst sustained high %FAME over 24h of continuous operation. Furthermore, high fuel quality and superior productivity performance could be achieved via the packed-microchannel reactor.

On the Design and Performance Evaluation of DWT based Compressed Speech Transmission with Convolutional Coding

With the recent growth and advancement in multimedia based applications, many new techniques capable of producing good quality of compressed speech have been developed. Thus over the past few years there has been enough work done on compression and enhancement of speech signals. In this paper, the application of Discrete Wavelet Transform for speech compression along with the Convolutional Coding for error detection and correction has been described. A convolutionally encoded 8-DPSK modulated bit stream is transmitted through an AWGN channel. At the decoder the received binary bit stream is demodulated and decoded using Viterbi decoder. The compression is performed using Db10 Wavelets with Hard and Soft Thresholding algorithms. To evaluate the performance of the proposed technique, original and the reconstructed signal at the decoder are compared and various performance parameters in terms of Mean Square Error, Peak signal to Noise Ratio, Retained Signal Energy and Compression Ratio have been calculated. From the results obtained, it is observed that speech compression using Discrete Wavelet Transform along with Convolution Coding, shows better performance in terms of PSNR and MSE (high PSNR and low MSE) as compared to speech compression without convolution Coding. The proposed technique has a lot of scope in wireless communications where bandwidth and Quality of Service (QOS) are two main important factors that are taken into considerations. General Terms Speech compression, discrete wavelet transform, convolutional coding, hard thresholding, soft thresholding

Основні витрати як фактори в управлінні авіакомпаніями

This paper analyzes the main factors that affect the strategies to reduce airlines costs. These costs factors were presented to experts from the airline industry through two rounds of questionnaires in sense tobe weighed. It was applied a method based on the structure of the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and the results show that the main important factors for a cost-related airlines strategy are, in importance: routestructure and mesh; type and characteristics of the aircraft; cost of labor and management quality. This hierarchycan help the decision maker when facing the need of defining priorities in reduction costs. past decades despitethe increase in air transportation and significant decrease in average operation costs, it is observed that airlineshave low profitability. The liberalization of the markets and increase opportunities for competition diminishesprices, even when airlines face increasing costs. Considering that advantage in costs is an important strategy forcarriers to remain in the market, this paper analyzes the main factors that affect the strategies to reduce airlinescosts. These costs factors were presented to experts from the airline industry through two rounds ofquestionnaires in sense to be weighed. It was applied a method based on the structure of the AHP (AnalyticHierarchy Process) and the results show that the main important factors for a cost-related airlines strategy are, inorder of importance: route structure and mesh; type and characteristics ofthe aircraft; cost of labor andmanagement quality. This hierarchy can help the decision maker when facing the need of defining priorities inreduction costs.