Main Headings Research Articles

АНТИРЕЛИГИОЗНАЯ ПЕЧАТНАЯ ПРОПАГАНДА В БУРРЕСПУБЛИКЕ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ЖУРНАЛА «ЭРДЭМ БА ШАЖАН»)

The article analyzes anti-religious propaganda in the early 1920s in the Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on the example of the magazine Erdem ba Shazhan [Science and Religion]. An important component of the state policy in the antireligious struggle in the republic was the Regional Union of Atheists, created in Verkhneudinsk on December 2, 1926. The publication of Erdem ba Shazhan in the Mongolian script was aimed at covering the gap of specialized literature on anti-religious propaganda. While analyzing issues of the magazine stored in the Center of Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, research methods of historical science were used. The source study method has revealed the significance of the magazine as a source for studying atheistic propaganda and introducing a new socialist ideology in Buryat society. Erdem ba Shazhan was a methodological guide for a wide network of circles of the League of Militant Atheists. The magazine described the anti-religious events held in the republic, discredited false religious postulates, and propagandized the new Soviet style of life. For instance, the magazine published scientific disputes with lamas about the essence of religion. The analysis of the contents of Erdem ba Shazhan shows that educational issues were aimed at the broad promotion of the new life and eradication of religious remnants occupied more than a half of its volume. The magazine had no thematic sections, but it is possible to identify several main headings: propaganda and educational materials, popular scientific articles, short news, literary life. The “short news” part presented items on the activities of not only the Union of Atheists, but also of the first scientific organization—Buruchkom. The history of overcoming religiousness and inculcating the new ideology found reflection in the works of fiction the magazine published. Young writers, scientists, and educators (Kh. Namsaraev, Ts. Don, D. Madason) collaborated with Erdem ba Shazhan. The magazine also contained visual materials: photos, drawings, caricatures. It is worth noting the original design of the magazine cover made by Ts. Sampilov. Along with other publications in the Mongolian script, Erdem ba Shazhan promoted the development of atheistic education. The magazine illustrated the most diverse aspects of the life of the Buryat population with an emphasis on the scientific nature of events. Thus, the publication of the magazine Erdem ba Shazhan had a significant impact on the development of the atheistic movement in the republic, along with more accessible forms of printed propaganda in the form of posters and other visual means, such as cinema and theater. In general, this magazine compensated for the lack of specialized literature in the Buryat language, being the only methodological guide for a network of atheist cells in rural areas.

The Detective and Sensation Fiction of Wilkie Collins: A Computational Lexical-Semantic Analysis

Theme and genre classifications in the works of Wilkie Collins (1824-89) have been extensively investigated using different literary approaches; these are usually based on textual content and biographical considerations. Different critics place Collins’ works under the two main headings of detective fiction and sensation fiction. Such analyses have been generated by what is referred to as the ‘philological method’; that is, by an individual critic’s reading of the relevant material and their intuitive abstraction of generalizations from that reading. A problem with such an approach is that it is not objective, and it is therefore unreliable. The research question is thus asked in response to the subjectivity of previous genre classifications of the novels of Wilkie Collins and the lack of agreement among literary critics and researchers about such classifications. As such, I ask whether an objective and conceptually useful reading of the themes and subjects of Wilkie Collins’ prose fiction texts can be developed. As thus, computational lexical-semantics is suggested to understand the issues of thematic classification. For this purpose, vector space clustering (VSC) was used for capturing the lexical-semantic features of his novels and linking them explicitly to the relevant themes and genres. It is suggested that through this method, an objective, replicable, and reliable genre classification of Collins’ novels is possible. The results of this study can serve as a basis for future studies and criticisms of Wilkie Collins’ fiction.

Digest of Cases: List of Main Headings

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Digest of Cases: List of Main Headings

Digest of Cases: List of Main Headings

Digest of Cases: List of Main Headings

Digest of Cases: List of Main Headings

Digest of Cases: List of Main Headings

Digest of Cases: List of Main Headings

Digest of Cases: List of Main Headings

Digest of Cases: List of Main Headings

Digest of Cases: List of Main Headings

Digest of Cases: List of Main Headings

Sources of Legitimacy in Global Governance

This article explores how, in the quest for new global order, global governance might acquire greater sociological legitimacy. What are the sources of legitimacy in global governance? In other words, what conditions generate confidence and trust in global-scale authorities? To explore this question, the article first elaborates on the general concept of legitimacy as it relates to global regulation. Thereafter the discussion considers, under three main headings, a broad range of possible drivers of legitimacy beliefs vis-à-vis global governance. First, some of these sources are institutional, relating to features of the global regulatory organisations, such as their procedural inputs and their performance outputs. Second, other sources of legitimacy are individual, relating to the characteristics of the subjects of global governance, such as their identity orientations and their levels of social trust. Third, further sources of legitimacy in global governance are societal, relating to the general ordering patterns of world politics, such as prevailing norms, capitalism, and a hegemonic state. The article concludes by urging that researchers break from past habits of treating institutional, individual and societal sources of legitimacy separately and in isolation from each other. Instead, legitimacy in global governance can be more fully understood – and more effectively promoted in practice – if one examines these various forces together, and in terms of their mutual constitution.

A review of literature on IFRS in Africa

Purpose This paper is an appraisal of existing literature on IFRS in Africa. In a bid to determine what exists and what is missing in the literature, the authors have reviewed three streams of studies, namely, adoption, compliance/harmonisation and consequences of IFRS in Africa, with the aim to suggest what remains to be investigated on IFRS in Africa. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a systematic review approach including synthesis of a variety of archival materials. Articles on Africa were summarised under three main headings: adoption, compliance/harmonisation and consequences of IFRS. Findings This review finds limited research on IFRS in Africa. It reveals that although past cross-continent studies claimed to cover Africa, they are limited to only a few countries and mainly predominated by South Africa. The authors identified only one study that investigated the impact of economic and cultural factors on IFRS adoption in Africa and few cross-continent studies but considering only very few African countries. Regarding compliance, four studies concluded that compliance with IFRS is dependent on a firm’s characteristics. The authors also identified that some of the generalised findings from prior research on consequences of IFRS are of limited significance in the African context. Originality/value This study suggests the determinants of adoption, compliance and consequences of IFRS in Africa are different if studied separately. It identifies some gaps in the literature that require further research, specifically, IFRS on taxation, fair valuation practices and the institutional capacities of countries to implement the standards.

Análisis bibliométrico de los ensayos clínicos, indizados hasta el año 2018, en la base bibliográfica Cochrane Library realizados en el ámbito de la hospitalización a domicilio

Objetivo: Analizar y caracterizar, mediante técnica bibliométrica, los ensayos clínicos realizados en el ámbito de la hospitalización a domicilio, indizados en la base de datos bibliográfica Cochrane Library.Método: Análisis bibliométrico. Los datos se obtuvieron de la base de datos Cochrane, empleando el MeSH, «Home Care Services, Hospital-Based». Fecha de la búsqueda agosto de 2019.Resultados: Se analizaron 224 referencias. El número de ensayos clínicos controlados aleatorizados fue 213 referencias (95,1%), con un total de 253 pertenecientes a 161 instituciones. El idioma predominante fue el inglés con 215 casos (96,0%). La obsolescencia presentó mediana de 11 años (Índice de Burton-Kebler) e Índice de Price del 19,2%. Se constató que 223 (99,6%) ensayos estaban registrados mediante el identificador documental de PubMed. Según el Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) principal presentó un total de 128 temas diferentes, siendo la Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica (n = 24, 10,7%) la más presente.Conclusiones: Los indicadores métricos obtenidos están en línea con otras áreas de conocimiento relacionadas con las ciencias de la salud. La publicación de ensayos clínicos sobre HaD se mantiene constante durante el tiempo, sin identificarse grandes grupos de referencia. Los descriptores y las áreas temáticas son acordes al área estudiada y los ensayos están publicados en revistas relacionadas con el tema a estudio, aunque sería conveniente, tener una mayor presencia en publicaciones referentes sobre HaD.

Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Akademik Dinleme Becerileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Ders Ne Zaman Bitecek? Sıkıldım!

Listening, which is the language skill most commonly used by individuals in both their school and social life, is making sense of the sounds heard and giving a reaction as a result of this. With the school life, listening skill is attempted to be systematically developed. The training given for listening is primarily focused on daily communication and then conducted on the basis of academic language. Therefore, at the end of compulsory education, what is expected of the student is to acquire an identity of an effective listener. However, studies show that students have many listening problems at various levels of education. The current study deals with the academic listening skill, which is described as one of the listening problems, in the context of university students. With the assistance of phenomenography, which is one of the qualitative methods, it was attempted to determine the competency level of the university students in academic listening skills. In the collection of the data, a semi-structured interview form was used and in the analysis process, content analysis was employed. In this connection, the research findings were grouped under four main headings: attentive listening time, academic listening barriers, listening efficiency and being an academic listener. In the study, it was concluded that academic listening skills of the university students studying in different fields were influenced by the listening environment as well as the factors associated with the listener and the speaker.

Jesus as Mirrored in John: The Genius in the New Testament

James Charlesworth needs little introduction to those who have been involved in biblical studies, scholarship concerning Second Temple Judaism, and the archaeological finds of the last 50 years. In fact, his research has often dictated the direction of those guilds. In this dense volume, Charlesworth brings together several essays centered around his writing on John’s Gospel.The volume begins with a preface detailing five well-known characteristics of the Gospel of John, followed by nine new insights from recent archaeological discoveries and research. The well-known characteristics include the normal talking points of the Johannine school, multiple editions of the Fourth Gospel, and John’s knowledge of the architecture and topography of Jerusalem. The subject of his “new insights” section permeate the chapters that follow. These include the historical veracity of the Pool of Bethzatha and Siloam, Jesus’s Last Supper and trial, John’s fondness for Samaritans, the dating of John’s Gospel, and the study of the historical Jesus from the perspective of John.The 18 chapters in this volume are cataloged under four main headings. The main headings are: (1) the origin, evolution, and settings of the Gospel of John; (2) John and the historical Jesus; (3) the Gospel of John and other sacred literature; and (4) Symbolic language in the Gospel of John. Charlesworth’s intention is to argue five different theses. First, John is not a late composition. Second, John is not dependent on the Synoptic Gospels. Third, John’s Gospel went through many editions spanning 50 or so years. Fourth, John is not a Gnostic text. Fifth, John is not anti-Jewish. The volume includes several pictures that catalog Charlesworth’s travels and archaeological digs. These pictures are informative and endearing. To use pictures for pedagogical reasons is quite different from being part of the initial discovery and producing the first digital images. Charlesworth has had the privilege of being in the latter category.The conclusion summarizes the essays with an element of charm. Charlesworth switches to the first person in order to speak more causally about his own convictions concerning the breadth of scholarship collected in the preceding chapters. The end matter includes a bibliography for those seeking more study and multiple indexes for ease of use.Charlesworth falls into a category of scholars that have an extensive publishing career. The value in a volume of this nature is bringing together all of this research concerning one topic by one phenomenal scholar. There are essays for everyone who is interested in the continuing research of the Fourth Gospel. Particularly illuminating is the in-depth analysis of archaeological research that validates historical details of the Fourth Gospel. Students of this Gospel will find an intriguing resource on pp. 8–12, where Charlesworth presents 45 new and potentially fruitful questions for further research. To produce a 600-page compendium of your life’s work and still have 45 additional questions is truly remarkable.Notwithstanding these commendations, some readers will find small issues in methodology throughout the volume. As I read through the book, I wondered what effect the recent renewal in oral tradition may have had on some of Charlesworth’s conclusions. As Samuel Byrskog notes in his insightful article (“Jesus the Only Teacher: Further Thoughts,” in Treasure Old and New, p. 44), recent interest in social and collective memory has altered the search for the historical Jesus. Another point of contention with the research presented is a dismissal of literary methodologies and consideration of the Gospel in its final form. Charlesworth admits that he finds these approaches “unscientific and distorted” (p. 19), but that should not completely negate their findings. For example, discourse analysis has shown the internal integrity of John 14–17, a section that Charlesworth argues is disjointed and evidence of John’s editions.As mentioned above, Charlesworth begins the volume with a section on “well-known” characteristics concerning John’s Gospel and its composition. “Well-known” should be more reflective of a history of interpretation than assumed as true. Call me a traditionalist (Charlesworth’s title for those who deny the “well-known,” p. ix), but “new insights” are also being discovered that affirm a singular author and unified Gospel. I am also less than optimistic that John 2 may suggest a marriage between Jesus and Mary Magdalene (see pp. 460–516). I am among those who think the primary purpose of this narrative is to show Jesus’s first “sign” in revealing the glory of God (see John 1:14).Overall, this volume brings together a wealth of knowledge from an avid researcher. Charlesworth mentions in his introduction and conclusion that his love of John began during his third-grade year at Jacksonville Beach Elementary School. It is evident that Charlesworth’s love for the Fourth Gospel has not dissipated, and the reader of this volume will inevitably be encouraged in their own pursuit of the genius of the NT.

Emergency department ergonomic design evaluation: A case study using fuzzy DEMATEL-focused two-stage methodology

ObjectivesAn emergency department (ED) is a unit of a hospital that is designed, staffed, and equipped to treat injured people and those afflicted with sudden and severe illness. Evaluation of ergonomic design of these departments with respect to specific criteria/standards is expected to contribute to the improvement of productivity and service quality since EDs have too much complexity and volume in the patient flow. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-stage methodology for evaluation of ED ergonomic design. MethodsThe first stage provides a check-list with 137 items on six main headings to evaluate the ergonomics of ED physical design with the opinions of medical staff. The second stage offers a fuzzy-based cause and effect decision-making model for the decreased items assessed in the first stage. In this stage, a fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (FDEMATEL) is used since the decision-making process involves the vagueness of human judgments. ResultsConsidering the interdependence among items, proposed FDEMATEL reflects the causal relationships among criteria through a cause-effect relationship diagram. A case study was carried out at a training and research hospital ED in Istanbul, Turkey. ConclusionIn conclusion, several suggestions are offered that the ED needs interventions on accessibility, patient and personnel accommodations, and personnel privacy.

An Investigation of the Studies on the Conservation of Biodiversity in Turkey

Considering our world as a whole, prevention of potential hazards and problems is possible by protecting natural resources in harmony with each other and ensuring natural balance. Therefore, conservation of biodiversity and natural resources is primarily a guarantee of the continuity of life on earth and a prerequisite of meeting the sustainable development needs of societies.Illegal hunting practices that have been performed in Turkey for many years have led to a decrease in the number of wild animals or complete extinction of them. The Land Hunting Law No. 4915, which entered into force in 2003 in accordance with its counterparts in the world, contains provisions on the conservation of wild animals and their habitats against a variety of factors (legal basis). There are international biodiversity conventions to which Turkey is also a party. These conventions are critical in terms of conservation and sustainability of biological diversity. The ‘Noah’s Ark National Biodiversity Database’ implemented in Turkey in accordance with these conventions is one of the critical projects in this field. This project has gained importance for the conservation and sustainability of biodiversity both in the world and Turkey.The study includes the main headings of Introduction, Materials and Methods, Findings, and Conclusions and Recommendations, and the sub-headings of Protected Areas, Protected Areas in Turkey, and Studies on Biodiversity. The Conclusion and Recommendations section contains recommendations to preserve habitat and species diversity for biodiversity conservation and emphasizes the importance and framework of national and global conventions to date. Solutions were produced through a holistic assessment.

Incorporating Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) Into Analysis of Reported Near Misses and Incidents in Radiation Oncology

PurposeHuman factors analysis and classification system (HFACS) is a framework for investigation into causation of human errors. We herein assess whether radiation oncology professionals, with brief training, can conduct HFACS on reported near misses or safety incidents (NMSIs) in a reliable (eg, with a high level of agreement) and practical (eg, timely and with user satisfaction) manner. Methods and MaterialsWe adapted a classical HFACS framework by selecting and modifying main headings, subheadings, and nano-codes that were most likely to apply to radiation oncology settings. The final modified HFACS included 3 main headings, 8 subheadings, and 20 nano-codes. The modified HFACS was first tested in a simulated trial on 8 NMSI and was analyzed by 5 to 10 radiation oncology professionals, with 2 endpoints: (1) agreement among participants at the main-heading, subheading, and nano-code level, and (2) time to complete the analysis. We then performed a prospective trial integrating this approach into a weekly NMSI review meeting, with 10 NMSIs analyzed by 8 to 13 radiation oncology professionals with the same endpoints, while also collecting survey data on participants’ satisfaction. ResultsIn the simulated trial, agreement among participants was 85% on the main headings, 73% on the subheadings, and 70% on the nano-codes. Participants needed, on average, 16.4 minutes (standard deviation, 5.7 minutes) to complete an analysis. In the prospective trial, agreement between participants was 81% on the main headings, 75% on the subheadings, and 74% on the nano-codes. Participants needed, on average, 8.3 minutes (standard deviation, 4.7 minutes) to complete an analysis. The average satisfaction with the proposed HFACS approach was 3.9 (standard deviation 1.0) on a scale from 1 to 5. ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that, after relatively brief training, radiation oncology professionals were able to perform HFACS analysis in a reliable and timely manner and with a relatively high level of satisfaction.

Post-Modern Yapılandırmacı Uygulamalara Bir Örnek Olarak Topluma Dayalı Tıp Eğitimi

Tıp eğitimi tarihi kabaca üç döneme ayrılmaktadır. 1970’lerden sonra Türkiye’de pek çok alanda etkisini gösteren post-modern düşünce eğitim sisteminde de köklü değişimlere neden olmuştur. Bu derlemede post-modern hareketin izlerini taşıyan yapılandırmacı kurama değinilmiş ardından yapılandırmacılığın tıp eğitimi uygulamalarındaki yansımasından biri olan topluma dayalı tıp eğitiminin (TDTE) felsefi zemini, kavramsal çerçevesi ve güncel uygulamalar post-modernitenin odağında anlatılmaya çalışılmıştır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (WHO), topluma dayalı öğrenme uygulamalarını birinci basamak sağlık merkezlerinde eğitim, toplum araştırmaları ve ilgili projeler, aile izlem programları, toplumsal gelişim için belirli bir toplumda çalışma olmak üzere dört ana başlık altında tanımlamıştır. Bu uygulamalar sırasıyla aşağıda detaylandırılmış ve Türkiye’de topluma dayalı tıp eğitiminin güncel durumu tartışılmıştır.

Synthesis Study on Argumentation in Science Education

In current educational research, there is an increasing acceptance among researchers to emphasize that students must be educated on scientific ways of thinking. Simultaneously, science education practice has focused on the development of scientific thinking skills which are associated with scientific inquiry rather than memorization skills. When it comes to scientific practices, educational reforms highly emphasize scientific practices such as argumentation in science education. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to conduct a synthesis study on argumentation in science education. In order to achieve this purpose, this topic will be reviewed under seven main headings within the current study. These are development of argumentation theory, argumentation approaches, argumentation models used in science education, student’s role in argumentation, teacher’s role in argumentation, activities that create an argumentation environment, difficulties associated with the implementation of the argumentation in the learning environment and scientific argumentation respectively. In addition, some sub-headings will follow the main headings.

A General Look at the Islamic and Islamic Philosophy Studies in the USA

A General Look at the Islamic and Islamic Philosophy Studies in the USA

The views of academicians about problems in the science teacher education departments and their proposed solutions

The purpose of this study is to identify the views of academicians about the problems in the undergraduate education process in which the Science teachers are educated, and to propose solutions to these problems. The study was designed as a case study. The working group of the research consisted of 29 instructors who work in the Science Teaching Undergraduate Programs in Turkey. The data were obtained via a structured interview form composed of demographic information and open ended questions. The data were analysed using content analysis method. As a result of the research, the problems that affect Science teaching improvement in Turkey negatively are summarized under three main headings: problems arising from the undergraduate student admission phase, problems related to the content of the undergraduate program, and issues related to the undergraduate education process. For solutions to these problems, the study offers suggestions: student and teacher selection system should be changed to measure personal and professional skills, the number of students should be decreased, infrastructure deficiencies should be corrected, quality and quantity of the instructors should be increased, personal rights of the education employees should be improved, and common opinion and strategies should be determined through organizing workshops with the participation of all stakeholders.