Main Product Groups Research Articles

Variability of Ukrainian food security indicators in the context of global challenges

Introduction. In recent years, the need to address global socio-economic problems has become acute. One of the most important and relevant is food security. Food security on a global scale is twofold. On the one hand, countries that suffer from food shortages and fight against hunger by all possible means, but on the other hand, others suffer from food surpluses or excessive food consumption and аре forced to fight the nation’s obesity. Assessment of the level of food security is revealed through a system of indicators that give a comprehensive description of its current state, structure, dynamics and trends. Indicators are the most important guidelines for food security and are especially relevant for the conduct of general economic policy and evaluation of its results. The level of food security of the state is analyzed with the help of evaluation indicators and criteria, which allows to use them in the formation of directions of development of the agri-food sector of Ukraine.Purpose. The purpose of the article is to assess the level of food security of Ukraine on the basis of a study of its condition and dynamics, indicators of availability and structure of consumption of basic food products.Methods. To achieve this goal, a set of general scientific methods was used: theoretical generalization - to determine the essence and content of the concept of «food security of the country»; statistical analysis - to assess the indicators of food security of Ukraine in accordance with their threshold values; comparison and grouping - to assess food safety indicators in the dynamics; retrospective analysis - for the study and comparative evaluation of food security indicators; abstract-logical - for theoretical generalization and formulation of conclusions.Results. The analysis of food security revealed that the current crisis is an opportunity to use new tools for the development of the agricultural sector. It is substantiated that food security plays a key role in the socio-economic development of the state. The content of food security of the country is determined on the basis of normative legal acts. It is emphasized that the global challenge to food security is the threat and spread of coronavirus, as the introduction of quarantine restrictions makes it difficult for people to access food. It has been proven that ensuring global food security in the face of the challenges of the coronavirus pandemic requires society to improve cooperation. Indicators characterizing the state of food security of Ukraine by the main groups of food products are clarified and evaluated. During 1990-2019, changes in the quality of the human diet with the main types of products were analyzed; daily energy value of human diet; economic availability of products; adequacy of grain stocks in state reserves; differentiation of the cost of food by social groups; capacity of the domestic market for certain types of products; food independence for a particular product. Based on the analysis, it was found that the human diet decreased consumption of milk and dairy products, fish and berries and increased consumption of potatoes and sugar. The maintenance of a high level of the share of food expenditures in the total consumer expenditures of the population of Ukraine is revealed, which limits the opportunities to meet socio-cultural needs. It is proved that in order to increase the level of food security of the country in the conditions of modern global challenges, it is expedient to balance the food security system in terms of evaluation criteria and indicators.Discussion. A promising area of research is the need to improve approaches to methodological assessment of food security in the segments of ensuring its strategic guidelines and strengthening in the face of growing global challenges.

ОЦЕНКА ЭКСПОРТНОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА АГРОПРОДОВОЛЬСТВЕННОЙ СФЕРЫ РЕГИОНОВ РОССИИ

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the export potential of agricultural production in the Russian regions. The definition of the concept of “export potential” in relation to the agricultural sector is presented. The discrepancy between the value indicators of the export of agro-food products from the regions and the real contribution of the regions to the production of export goods was revealed. The reasons for the distortion of statistical data on the export of products are determined. The analysis of the contribution of the export of agricultural products to the total regional export is carried out. The regional structure of exports by main product groups is considered. A method is proposed for calculating the export potential of regions for individual goods based on a comparison of their production and the balance of import-export, which made it possible to rank regions on three levels, depending on their export potential.

Export diversification in conditions of globalization: a comparative analysis of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Russia

Research background: The Caspian region with rich hydrocarbons and a favorable location has always been in the attention of researchers. Large oil reserves of the Caspian countries - Azerbaijan, Russia and Kazakhstan - have become an object of interest for world business. These countries have much in common: they were part of a Soviet Union for 70 years. However, during the period of market reforms, the Caspian countries turned out to be uncompetitive in both domestic and foreign commodity markets, the commodity structure of exports was significantly degraded, and its raw orientation increased. Purpose of the article: The main objective of the study is to reveal the problems of diversification of commodity exports of the Caspian countries, a comparative analysis of the structure of their commodity exports in the context of the development of the globalization of the world economy and the intensification of international competition. Methods: We used the methods of comparative analysis of the export structure of Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Russia by main product groups, by top-five goods. To determine the level of diversification and export concentration, the Herfindahl-Hirschman index and the export concentration index were used. Findings & Value added: The calculations of the Herfindahl-Hirschman index show a low level of export diversification in these countries, especially in Azerbaijan. The export concentration index showed that the top-five of exported goods are mainly natural raw materials. In the non-oil sector, in all three countries, unproductive and not-tradable sectors: construction, trade and transport prevail.

Маркетинговий аналіз експортної діяльності агрокомплексу України

The purpose of the article is to study the sphere of foreign trade in agrarian products using statistical methods and analysis of results; identifying business weaknesses in this sector, prospects and opportunities for the development of the agro-industrial sector in Ukraine. The article considers the essence of marketing research in the field of exports of agro-industrial products. The classification of agricultural products and its impact on the formation and activity of the market of agrarian complex are determined. The main commodity groups of agro-industrial products, the contribution of agriculture to the export activities of Ukraine and the role in the international market are identified. A structural analysis of exported products of the agrarian complex and a dynamic analysis on the basis of the export volumes in recent years are carried out, taking into account the division into commodity groups, according to which the progress of the export agribusiness sphere is determined. A dynamic analysis of the number of economic entities in this sphere is carried out, the factors that affect the attractiveness of the agrarian sector for doing business are defined. The commodity structure of agricultural goods is analyzed, determining the main goods in demand and the perspective directions of trade. The geographical structure of exports of agro-industrial goods is analyzed, indicating the main countries participating in the intensive trade. The impact of the COVID-factor on the development and change of agricultural export volumes is indicated. A SWOT analysis of the sphere is carried out, the main problems and possible ways of their elimination in order to further improve international trade in the field of agrarian complex are identified. A forecast of agricultural exports at the end of 2021 and for 2022 is carried out using the extrapolation method.

Legal means of supporting the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation

This article analyses modern state agrarian policy, which focuses on a wide range of issues of socio-economic development of rural territories. Statistics show that the agro-industrial complex is currently showing promising and qualitative development, including providing the country with the main groups of food products. However, despite certain changes in production, the expansion of state support measures in the agro-industrial complex remains a number of significant issues that need to be resolved in a timely manner

Proprieties of integrated supply chains of domestic enterprises in the conditions of the EAEU functioning

The article considers the conditions of the EAEU as a favorable environment for the supply and sales markets of domestic enterprises. The advantages of the EAEU for domestic enterprises, such as a unified transport infrastructure and document flow and the abolition of customs formalities, are highlighted. The characteristics of indicators of mutual trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan with the EAEU member States for 2018 and 2019 in general terms are given. The dynamics and the share of exports and imports of the EAEU in the total volume of export and import operations in the context of each member of the EAEU are considered. The commodity structure of Kazakhstan's import and export products with the EAEU countries is studied, where the main groups of commodity products are identified. The structure of export and import supplies in the context of the percentage ratio by product groups is determined to identify the main product groups of exports and imports to determine the properties and characteristics of supply chains. The general classification of supply chains for analyzing the properties and characteristics of the main commodity groups of exports and imports of Kazakhstan with the EAEU countries is given. Selected mineral products, which account for almost 40% of the total volume of exports to the countries and the EAEU, for which an analysis of the properties and characteristics of supply chains is provided.

Comparative advantages of Russian forest products on the global market

Russia possesses the world's largest forest reserves and is one of the major exporters in the world timber market. This paper explores the role of Russian forest products on the global market, taking into account competitiveness both at national and regional levels. The competitiveness level of traded goods was measured with three indicators using the approach of revealed comparative advantages. Analysis covered 153 countries and 81 Russian regions. Compared with previous studies, highly disaggregated data were used. 84 types of forest products were aggregated in 5 main product groups divided on the wood sector and paper sector. Results show that the main specialization in trade for Russia is raw wood and semi-finished wood and paper products. However, more than half of Russian regions demonstrated an advantage in trade in finished wood products while very few regions have comparative advantages in trade in pulp and paper products of high processing degree. Also, it was revealed that regions of the Russian Siberia and the Far East with significant forest reserves tend to have a narrow trade specialization in the export of roundwood and sawnwood. The majority of Russian regions intensively trade timber commodities at the world market. However, their geographical location and resource potential are still not used in the most effective way.

The Ascidian-Derived Metabolites with Antimicrobial Properties.

Among the sub-phylum of Tunicate, ascidians represent the most abundant class of marine invertebrates, with 3000 species by heterogeneous habitat, that is, from shallow water to deep sea, already reported. The chemistry of these sessile filter-feeding organisms is an attractive reservoir of varied and peculiar bioactive compounds. Most secondary metabolites isolated from ascidians stand out for their potential as putative therapeutic agents in the treatment of several illnesses like microbial infections. In this review, we present and discuss the antibacterial activity shown by the main groups of ascidian-derived products, such as sulfur-containing compounds, meroterpenes, alkaloids, peptides, furanones, and their derivatives. Moreover, the direct evidence of a symbiotic association between marine ascidians and microorganisms shed light on the real producers of many extremely potent marine natural compounds. Hence, we also report the antibacterial potential, joined to antifungal and antiviral activity, of metabolites isolated from ascidian-associate microorganisms by culture-dependent methods.

СУЧАСНІ ПІДХОДИ ДО ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ЕЛЕКТРОННИХ КУРИЛЬНИХ ПРИСТРОЇВ ТА КАЛЬЯНУ В ЗАКЛАДАХ РЕСТОРАННОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА

У статті розглянуті питання щодо нових курильних пристроїв – електронних сигарет. Наведено інформування про проблеми куріння, зокрема кальяну. Дим кальянів, як і дим інших тютюнових виробів, містить токсичні речовини, які викликають рак легень та інші види раку, серцево-судинні, респіраторні та інші захворювання. Небезпека для здоров’я від кальяну може навіть бути більшою через деякі специфічні для кальянів особливості. Під час куріння тютюнова суміш нагрівається за допомогою горіння вугілля, яке кладеться на тютюнову суміш. Тому курці кальяну (і ті, хто перебуває поряд) вимушені вдихати не тільки продукти згорання тютюнової суміші, але і продукти згорання вугілля, насамперед чадний газ. Під час горіння вугілля в кальяні утворюється не лише чадний газ, але і багато канцерогенів, наприклад бенз(а)пірен та поліароматичні вуглеводні, а також важкі метали, такі як свинець, кобальт та нікель, що призводить до небезпечних концентрацій цих шкідливих речовин у повітрі. ВООЗ вважає, що Електронні системи доставки нікотину (ЕСДН) зараз перебувають на етапі становлення, тому мають як загрози, так і перспективи для контролю над тютюном. Небезпека в тому, що більшість таких електронних систем не були тестовані незалежними вченими. Багато електронних сигарет містять нікотин, який негативно впливає на багато біологічних процесів організму людини. Їхні заправні контейнери містять концентровану кількість ароматизаторів, що потенційно вказують на їхню цитотоксичність, тобто здатність руйнувати клітини організму. ЕСДН, що є альтернативою традиційним тютюновим виробам, набули поширення на світовому ринку і відрізняються від традиційних сигарет утворенням високодисперсного аерозолю за відсутності процесу горіння. В українському законодавстві немає визначення електронних сигарет. Вони продаються як електронні пристрої нарівні із флешками. Це означає, що ніхто не знає та не регулює вміст електронних систем доставки нікотину в нашій країні. Класифікована нова продукція як окрема категорія виробів ЕСДН, виділені основні групи споживчих товарів цієї категорії. Надана загальна характеристика зразків рідини для заправки ЕСДН як в’язкої, слабо текучої рідини різних кольорів на основі високоатомних спиртів – гліцерину (пропан-1,2,3- тріол, харчова добавка Е422) і пропіленгліколю (пропан-1,2-діол, харчова добавка Е1520), води, ароматизатора, з нікотином/без нікотину (залежно від зразка), щільність розчину – не менше 1,2 мг/мл, водневий показник рН – 4,5–7,5. У результаті досліджень встановлено: відсутність монооксиду вуглецю в газовій фазі аерозолю ЕСДН одноразового використання – кількісний перехід нікотину з рідини в аерозоль незначний, що є підтвердженням відсутності процесу горіння під час споживання ЕСДН.

Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, the effect of promoters, catalyst support, and reaction conditions selection

This work brings the overview of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) from catalysis point of view. The role of promoters’ type and their amount loaded into the catalyst are described and discussed for both, iron- (Cu, K, Na, S, Zr, Ni) and cobalt (Ru, Pt, Re, Zr, Ag, Rh, Ir, Au)-based catalysts, respectively, as same as the role of catalyst supports and reaction conditions. Catalyst supports discussed in this work are from the group of oxides, mesoporous silicas and zeolites, carbon-based materials, and carbides. Reaction conditions studied and discussed are reaction temperature, gas hourly space velocity of syngas and hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio in syngas and reaction pressure. For iron-based catalysts, reaction temperature is discussed in the range of 508–613 K, while for cobalt types in the range of 468–513 K. Reaction pressure is discussed for both catalyst types up to 3 MPa. All the parameters are presented and discussed using FTS selectivity to main groups of products, such as CH4, CO2, C2–C4 hydrocarbons, and C5+ hydrocarbons together with syngas conversion degree. Detailed review of data published in articles studying FTS over iron and cobalt catalysts supplied large data set for presenting and discussion of trends and effects of aimed parameters and for their visualization in form of set of charts. This data analysis brings complex overview of basic trends of catalytic properties of cobalt and iron catalysts.

Changes in the nutritional structure of the population of Russia for 100 years

Background. In recent years, great importance has been given to preserving and strengthening the health of the population, the role of disease prevention and formation of a healthy lifestyle, including the formation of a culture of healthy nutrition of the population. With the aim to study changes in nutrition of the Russian population over the past 100 years, we have conducted a nutrition assessment based on statistical data. The results obtained indicate significant changes in the quantitative composition of the main groups of products consumed by the population of Russia. The structure of the diet indicates significant deviations from the recommendations on rational food consumption standards that meet modern requirements for a healthy diet. There is a lack of consumption of potatoes, vegetables, fruits, milk and dairy products, eggs, which are a source of essential nutrients for the body proteins, dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals. At the same time, over the past hundred years, there has been a significant, even excessive, increase in the consumption of meat products and sugar.
 Conclusion. Good nutrition largely determines the quality of life and health indicators of the nation.

Новая эпоха в развитии российско-африканского сотрудничества

The article contains an analysis of the current state of trade and economic relations between Russia and African countries, as well as the prospects for their development after the first Russia-Africa Summit and the Economic Forum in Sochi in October 2019. The author notes a large surplus in Russia’s trade with Africa and explains the reasons for the dominance of the countries of North Africa, and especially Egypt, in its geographical structure. The main product groups are listed, through which Russia can increase exports to Africa; Russia’s main competitors in trade with the continent as well as state support measures for exporters are described. However, the main contribution to the development of Russian-African economic ties in the future will be made not by foreign trade, but by economic cooperation. Its flagships are now three major projects worth more than $1 billion each, all of which are carried out in Egypt. Among Russian companies investing in the economies of African countries, mining ones are currently dominant. Of these, Rosneft made the biggest investments. This company develops the largest gas field in Egypt – Zohr, and implements projects also in Mozambique. Exploration, finance and the IT technology sector are also of particular interest to Russian companies in Africa. The author indicates the most promising areas for the development of Russian- African industrial cooperation and the transfer of Russian technologies to this continent. In addition, in recent years, Russia and African countries have increasingly regarded security as an important area of bilateral relations. The article reveals the main threats to the security of African countries, the ability of Russian companies to strengthen it and Russia’s contribution to UN peacekeeping operations in Africa, in comparison with contributions of the other permanent members of the Security Council. It describes a number of measures that can contribute to the development of Russian-African partnership in the context of the Sochi consensus.

Features of Foreign Trade Between Russia and China and Prospects for its Development

Trade and economic relations are the main basis for partnership and strategic cooperation between Russia and China. This paper examines the place of Russia and China in global trade. The main strategic priority in the development of trade and economic relations between Russia and China is indicated. The analysis of Russian-Chinese foreign trade turnover for the period from 2001 to 2018 is presented. The main product groups in Russian-Chinese foreign trade are analyzed and promising areas for further development are identified.

Statistical Estimation of Export-Import of Goods by the Subjects of Foreign Economic Activity of Dnipropetrovsk Region by the Number of Employees in 2015–2018

Studying the volume of export-import of goods in Ukraine as a whole helps to understand the general situation on the foreign market, to analyze changes in the dynamics of geographical and commodity structures of trade, to identify the main partner countries and to compare data between them, and to identify the role of the regions of Ukraine in foreign trade and determine the share of each of them in the overall structure of export-import of goods. However, in order to study in detail the directions of exports and the needs of imported goods to meet the domestic needs of the population of Ukraine, it is advisable to analyze foreign trade of region, as it will allow to more accurately analyze the number of producers of exported products in a certain region and the list of goods that need to be imported to meet the needs of the population in the specific area. The article deals with the issues related to the activity of the subjects of foreign economic activity in Dnipropetrovsk region of Ukraine and their dynamics for 2015-2018. The number of foreign economic operators in the region by the number of employees in 2018 was determined to further analyze the situation of the region and the level of production of products that meet the standards for exporting them to the foreign market. Changes in the number of economic entities in the region over the specified period and the main product groups manufactured in the region and, accordingly, exported to Dnipropetrovsk region have been analyzed. The structure of participants of foreign economic activity in the region has been presented and the results of statistical analysis of dynamic changes have been offered with the help of the graphical method of data presentation. The results of the study can be applied in the analysis of socio-economic development of regions and regional development of Ukraine as a whole. The presented data on foreign trade statistics of goods by economic entities by the number of employees in the regional section make it possible to estimate the participation of certain regions in the international activity of Ukraine and to determine the prospects for further development of the regions of Ukraine. Keywords: foreign economic activity, goods, regions, Dnipropetrovsk region, economic entity, employees, export, import, size of enterprise.

FEATURES OF THE MICRONUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF THE DIET IN TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS AFFECTING

Introduction. The status of polyhypovitaminosis accompanying tuberculosis infection being widespread develops both as a result of the disease and side effects of drugs, and because of insufficient food intake. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the micronutrient composition of the diet of tuberculosis patients in the acute stage and healthy people in a comparative aspect. Material and Methods. The method of analyzing the frequency of food consumption assessed the actual nutrition of tuberculosis patients in the acute stage (n = 300) and healthy residents of the region (n = 189). Data on the actual nutrition was collected using a standard questionnaire. In tuberculosis patients, nutrition was evaluated in the month preceding hospitalization. The consumption in the main product groups was calculated, the indices of the vitamin and mineral value of the diet were analyzed. Results. In most patients, the profile of actual consumption was assessed as deficient for several vitamins and trace elements simultaneously. All the examined showed a deficiency in the diet of vitamin D, 80.7 ± 2.3% - vitamin A, 82.0 ± 2.2% - beta-carotene, 90.3 ± 1.7% - folic acid, 63, 7 ± 2.8% of biotin, 45.7 ± 2.8% of ascorbic acid, 49.0 ± 2.8% of vitamin B1, 53.3 ± 2.8% of vitamin PP. Calcium, iodine and selenium are also among the priority ones for the correction of micro- and macro-elements. Differences in the values of actual micronutrient intake were found: in patients with tuberculosis, the levels of beta-carotene, vitamins B2, pantothenic acid, C, D, biotin, choline, calcium, phosphorus are lower; above - consumption of sodium, fluorine, manganese. Differences in micronutrient ration security are determined by unequal amounts of food groups consumed: the nutrition of tuberculosis patients is lower in terms of the content of fruits, dairy, meat products, eggs, and more bread products and drinks. Conclusion. The features of the micronutrient composition of the diet of tuberculosis patients, which determine the need for their correction in the organization of medical nutrition, are established.

Primary and secondary reactions in the synthesis of hydrocarbons from dimethyl ether over a Pd-Zn-HZSM-5/Al2O3 catalyst

The synthesis of hydrocarbons from dimethyl ether in an atmosphere of synthesis gas, over a Pd-Zn-HZSM-5/Al2O3 catalyst, under flow-circulation conditions, at a pressure of 10.0 MPa, was investigated. It was found that the resulting hydrocarbon fractions were characterized by a low concentration of aromatic compounds and high concentrations of iso- and cycloalkanes. The dependence of the yields of the main groups of products and individual components on the contact time was explained in terms of the occurrence of methylation, oligomerization, hydrogenation, H-transfer, and hydroisomerization reactions. The role of Pd and Zn in the formation of the products was evaluated.

Russia’s Export Specialization in Africa

The paper is devoted to the study of Russia’s export specialization in the countries of Africa in the period from 2001 to 2017. A comprehensive analysis of the dynamics, the commodity and geographical structure of Russian exports to the African continent has been carried out. Using bilateral trade data for product groups at the level of two digits of the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS), this study examines the main patterns of comparative advantage in Russia’s trade with the countries of the region in the early 21st century. Based on the calculation results of the bilateral revealed comparative advantage index (RCA), authors identified a group of Russia’s trade partners in Africa, characterized by the largest number of export specialization product groups: Algeria, Angola, Guinea, Egypt, South Africa. Comparative analysis of Russia’s export specialization in Africa with the main partners in terms of trade turnover indicates, that Russia has more diverse comparative advantages in trade with some African countries (17 product groups), than with European ones, such as Germany (9 product groups) and Netherlands (8 groups). The study shows that Russia has export specialization in the following main product groups in African countries: HS 84 ‘Nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery and mechanical appliances; parts thereof ’, HS 85‘Electrical machinery and equipment and parts thereof ’, HS 87 ‘Vehicles other than railway or tramway rolling-stock, and parts and accessories thereof ’, HS 48‘Paper and paperboard’ and HS 10‘Cereals’. The authors revealed, that the intensity of Russia’s export specialization in African countries increases with the augmentation of the technical complexity of products exported. It proves that Russian industrial products have competitive advantages in the African market. The development and strengthening of economic cooperation with Africa is one of the most important direction of non-commodity and non-energy exports expansion and geographical diversification of Russian trade. The paper concludes by discussing the promising avenues for the future Russian-African export partnership.

Educational and nutritional status of the adult population of the Russian Federation. The results of an epidemiological study ESSE-RF

Educational status affects the nature of nutrition. Aim. To study the differences in the nutrition pattern of the adult population of the Russian Federation, depending on the educational qualification. Material and methods . The analysis includes the results of a survey of representative samples of male and female population aged 25-64 years (19,520 people, of which 7,329 men and 12,191 women) from 13 regions of the Russian Federation. The nature of the diet was evaluated by the frequency of consumption of the main groups of products and individual eating habits (supplementation, the use of animal fats in cooking). Results. Men of high literacy have higher consumption of raw vegetables and fruits — by 20%, dairy products — by 14%, including cheese — by 15%. There is also a lower consumption of meat and sausage products — by 17%, pickles — by 12% and poultry — by 11%. Less commonly, there is an adding more salt habit — by 18% and the use of animal fats in cooking — by 10%, more often — the consumption of low-fat and non-fat dairy products — by 22%, as well as raw sugar in an amount not exceeding 5% of the daily calorie content — by 21% The level of consumption of red meat, cereals and pasta, legumes, sweets, cottage cheese, sour cream and cream showed no significant differences with men of a different educational status. Women of high educational status more often include vegetables and fruits in their daily diet — by 14%, dairy products — by 18%, including cheese — by 15%. Less often they consume butter — by 12%, as well as foods with a high salt content: meat and sausage products — by 22% and pickles, marinades — by 15%. Russians with “above average” education are less likely to add more salt — by 14% and use animal fats in cooking — by 14%, more often they choose low-fat and nonfat dairy products — by 21%. In the level of consumption of red meat, cereals and pasta, legumes, sour cream and cream, there were no differences. Conclusion. People with a high literacy in the Russian population regardless of gender differences have a more protective diet compared to people with a low educational status. ESSE-RF study participants and article co-authors: Moscow: Zhernakova Yu. V., Boytsov S. A., St. Petersburg: Rotar O. P., Vladivostok: Kulakova N. V., Nevzorova V. A., Vladikavkaz: Astakhova Z. T., Vologda: Shabunova A. A., Volgograd: Nedogoda S. V., Voronezh: Chernykh T. M., Ivanovo: Belova O. A., Kemerovo: Artamonova G. V., Indukaeva E. V., Krasnoyarsk: Grinshtein Yu. I., Petrova M. M., Orenburg: Libis R. A., Samara: Duplyakov D. V., Tomsk: Trubacheva I. A., Kaveshnikov V. S., Serebryakova V. N., Tyumen: Efanov A. Yu., Medvedeva I. V., Shalaev S. V.

Utjecaj tehnološkog postupka i skladištenja na profil masnih kiselina u mliječnim proizvodima

In the present study fatty acid (FA) composition in four main groups of dairy products was determined to investigate their development during processing and storage. Fresh cheese, sour cream, butter, and ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk representing differences in technological approach were chosen for the study. Fatty acids methyl esters (FAME) were quantified using a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a mass spectrometer (MS) and a capillary column SP-2560. The concentrations and profile of FA in final products were primarily dependent on the FA content of raw milk for UHT milk and fresh cheese production or in the raw cream for sour cream and butter. The shelf life had a significant impact (P<0.05) only in UHT milk and butter, whereby unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased significantly in UHT milk, while PUFA decreased significantly in butter.

Dynamics of zinc content in food products produced in Orenburg region

The article aims to study the dynamics of zinc content in food products produced in Orenburg region. The studies were conducted in 2011-2015. Zinc content was determined by standard methods in the accredited laboratory of the Testing Center of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Meat Cattle Breeding of the RAS using the atomic absorption spectrometry method. 2100 food samples were tested. Main groups of food products produced in Orenburg region were investigated. Studies have shown that zinc content in wheat bread and fish products is 1.3 times and 1.2 times lower than recommended values. The chronological analysis of zinc content showed that in wheat bread, meat and fish products, its amount increased. The exception is dairy products in which zinc content changes in steps: from 1998 to 2003, zinc content increased from 3.2 to 4.9 mg/kg, and from 2004 to 2015, it decreased from 4.8 to 3.7 mg/kg.